| 释义 |
patternn.adj. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: patron n. Etymology: Originally a variant of patron n. (see etymological note at that entry), now (in standard English) distinguished in form in the senses below.The original vowel of the second syllable was reduced to schwa in early modern English (compare the form patren under α) and apparently further reduced to zero, leading to a form with a syllabic liquid, probably via a form with a syllabic nasal; these pronunciations may be represented by the early β forms (compare especially patteren ). The form with a syllabic liquid apparently developed an epenthetic vowel before r , resulting in the form the word takes in the rhotic varieties, including U.S. English. It is this form that is suggested by the orthoepical evidence of Robinson (1617) and Gil (1619, 1621). Similar variants developed for saffron n., citron n. and adj., without becoming the norm (compare also apron n.). In British English the word was affected early on by the vocalization of post-vocalic r in unstressed syllables, as evidenced in the γ. forms and by the orthoepist Hodges (1649), and then underwent reduction of the final syllable to a syllabic nasal. The association between the pronunciation corresponding to the β. forms and the senses listed below is explicitly attested by Robinson and Gil in the early 17th cent., but occasional pronunciations corresponding to α. forms were still heard in British English in the mid 20th cent. and are found in Irish English today. A. n. I. A model, example, or copy. 1. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > model of excellence α. 1324 in L. F. Salzman (1992) xix. 301 (MED) [The chief carpenter made a] patron [in wood]. 1352 in E. W. Brayley & J. Britton (1836) 183 [To John Lambard, for two] quatern' [of royal paper for the painter's] patrons [1s. 8d]. 1387 in (1859) 25 Alsua..a wyndow with thre lychtys in fourme masonnelyke the qwhilk patrone thai haf sene. (Harl. 221) 386 Patrone, forme to werk by, exemplar. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 38 (MED) J leeue..to hem..the yifte of pees..It is a iewell..maad..of my fader..If ther were any that wolde wite of his facioun, j wolde wel take the Patroun..to hem. a1483 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 321 As hit apereth by patrons of blacke paper in our Comen Kofer of record. 1526 Heb. viii. 5 For take hede..that thou make all thynges accordynge to the patrone [1611 paterne] shewed to the in the mount. 1551 R. Record i. Def. Thereof doe masons, and other worke menne call that patron, a centre, whereby thei drawe the lines [etc.]. 1685 in (1924) 58 359 The patron of our arms upon whyt fries. 1830 Apr. 661 I got the tiler at Yarrow-Ford to cut it doon after a patron frae Embro. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > equipment > pattern a1632 T. Middleton & J. Webster (1662) i. I have got a Dutch Painter to draw Patterns, which Ile have sent to your Factors..to have pieces made for mine own wearing of a new invention. 1653 J. Shirley iii. 38 I am a Tailor..And I have patterns of the strangest shapes That ever Ladies long'd for. 1720 C. Molloy p. v A Draper..shews them [sc. his customers] a Pattern before he sells his cloth. 1749 G. G. Beekman Let. 18 Dec. in (1956) I. 96 One Cloth coat of the Same Couler as the Inclosed Patteren also of the best Cloath. 1811 J. Austen I. xxi. 281 Taking patterns of some elegant new dress. View more context for this quotation 1882 F. Michel 71 Scotch ladies dressed in articles of apparel, the patron..of which at least was imported from France. 1890–1 Fall–Winter 52/1 Ours is the only store in Toronto where you can get Butterick's dress patterns. 1911 O. Onions 183 A mass of tissue-paper patterns and buckram linings. 1964 ii. 15 Without patterns, home-sewing would probably be a lost art. 2001 Oct. 71/1 With the sheer volume of patterns around today, Aran cardies and baby clothes aren't the only garments you can produce. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > design on which fly is modelled 1886 F. M. Halford ii. 7 In some instances it has been found necessary to illustrate patterns requiring feathers which are very scarce. 1931 (ed. 53) 63 We have had many successful days using these flies when the ordinary patterns would have been useless. 1961 A. C. Williams (ed. 3) ii. 156 The various patterns designed to imitate it [sc. the dark sedge] are all useful suggestions of any of the darker-coloured sedges. 1988 June 19/3 These patterns have been extremely successful for me and I have caught sea-trout, brown trout and rainbow trout on them. 2. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example α. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 1867 (MED) Men may þer þe trewe patron fynde Of Inconstaunce. c1450 ( G. Chaucer 910 Trewly she Was hir chef patron of beaute. a1500 tr. A. Chartier (Rawl.) (1974) 53 (MED) Youre grette cheueteynes..studyen..hough thei may enbrace the grette lordshippes, namely, suche as by olde auncetrye shulde be patrones of all wourship and mirrour of perfeccion. ?a1535 To City of London (Vitellius) in J. Small (1893) II. 277 O! towne of townes, patrone and not compare: London, thou art the floure of Cities all. 1569 R. Grafton II. 770 As though God and Saint Peter were the Patrones of vngracious liuyng. a1614 J. Melville (1842) 114 An exemple and patron of guid and godlie order to uther Nationnes. a1709 J. Fraser (1905) 163 Among the pieres he was patron and patern and..precedent of all his fellowes. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue 1431 in J. A. Kingdon (1886) II. 205 Payed For þe costes off Mayster Thomas Mapulton..For To Fecche þe patroun off penserstes Rooff, and For William Hykyns, stenour, For his Travayle To bryng hit Inne divers portratures. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil ii. 27 Vlisses Attempted lewdly fro the church to imbeazel an holy Patterne of Pallas [L. fatale..sacrato avellere templo Palladium]. 3. Founding. society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould 1492 in J. Blair & N. Ramsay (1991) v. 88 [Late medieval York brasiers' wills mention six] bell fete patoones. 1508 in J. B. Paul (1902) IV. 109 Item, for making of ane patroun to cast gun pellokis in, iij s. 1512 in J. Blair & N. Ramsay (1991) v. 88 Greate fete patrones. 1558 in J. B. Paul (1913) X. 437 Towis to fulfill and just the patrone to the muld of the said gros culvering. society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > moulds or shaping equipment > figure from which mould is made 1787 17 Oct. 4/4 Persons who want any backs, or other ware, cast agreeable to particular patterns, will please to send their patterns and orders to the Furnace.] 1822 T. Tredgold i. 7 In making patterns for cast iron, an allowance of about one-eighth of an inch per foot, must be made for the contraction of the metal in cooling. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) II. 471 Before metals can be cast..patterns must be prepared of wood or metal, and then moulds constructed of some sufficiently infusible material capable of receiving the fluid metal. 1884 C. G. W. Lock 3rd Ser. 18/1 The workman places the plaster statuette, which is now his ‘pattern’, on a bed of soft moulding-sand. 1967 O. Almeida v. 85 When a pattern is made for use by an outside foundry, the various parts must be coloured to indicate to the foundryman where to allow the better metal to be for subsequent machining. 1984 E. P. DeGarmo et al. (ed. 6) xi. 251 The first requirement in sand casting is the design and making of a pattern. 2002 (Nexis) 92 39 Many foundrymen were paid only for quality castings, so they took the time and care to check the pattern. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation α. a1500 tr. A. Chartier (Rawl.) (1974) 26 (MED) O thou Vndirstondinge, figure or patron of the Trinite..hast nat þou mynde of the othe thou madist me? 1557 Heb. viii. 5 Priestes serve unto the patrone and shadowe of heauenly thynges. 1709 G. Berkeley §141. 165 Visible Figures are Patterns of, or of the same Species with, the respective Tangible Figures represented by them. 5. A specimen. society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > coin struck as specimen 1551 XIII. 25 Sept. 149 As to the patterns of the coins, his Majesty liketh that those of the XIId. and VId. which have their figures not in arithmetic ciphers but in this manner, XII and VI.., and in the style of the pattern of VI. 1837 VII. 330/1 Henry VIII struck some patterns for a silver crown; but the first crown for currency was struck by Edward VI. 1879 H. Phillips 12 A fine Gothic pattern crown of Queen Victoria never adopted for the national coinage. 1903 15 June 8/2 A pattern farthing of 1661 was sold at Sotheby's on Saturday for £78. 1932 14 Apr. 262 There is an interesting chapter on pattern coins, pieces struck but never issued as legal tender. 1975 29 Dec. 10/4 The [sc. coin] designs that are not accepted are also of interest. Some may even reach the stage of being struck into a coin. Such pieces are known as pattern coins. They are never adopted for currency use. 1992 Mar. 351/1 It also marks the year in which Nazi Germany's final commemorative coin—the 5 reichsmark..—was unveiled. Although it reached the pattern stage, it was never issued. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > part as representative of the whole > sample or specimen 1648 H. Hexham Een Stael, a Patron, or a Proofe of any marchandize, or wares. 1655 in S. Hartlib (ed. 3) 252 If..I could have his knowledge of that seed, a pattern of it, and..ten or fifteen pound weight of it by, or before April. 1692 C. Gildon I. lxxii. 210 If you can get any Patterns of Silk, to send me. a1725 J. Swift in (1941) 17 A gentleman sends to my shop for a pattern of stuff; if he likes it, he compares the pattern with the whole piece, and probably we bargain. 1752 E. Young iii. i For thee, Demetrius, did I go to Rome, And bring thee patterns thence of brothers love. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton I. ii. i. 158 A tailor with his books of patterns just imported from Paris. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > typical or representative thing or person 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Pref. 12 The first paternes of mankind (Adam and Eue). 1612 Bp. J. Hall I. O.T. ii. 121 What a liuely patterne doe I see in Abraham..of a strong faith. 1710 J. Swift (ed. 5) Apol. sig. a2 It is another Pattern of this Answerer's fair dealing. 1774 O. Goldsmith V. 249 Instead..of descending into a minute discrimination of every species, let us take one for a pattern, to which all the rest will be found to bear the strongest affinity. 1822 C. Lamb in Nov. 454/1 The only pattern of consistent gallantry I have met with. 1858 O. W. Holmes xii. 340 I have two letters on file; one is a pattern of adulation, the other of impertinence. 1934 R. Lynd i. 6 I should have thought that in almost every respect the sheep was the pattern of the good citizen. 1979 D. Thomas iv. 83 The poem was a perfect pattern of that Victorian dream of the ancient world, as it permeated modern education and culture. the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > a precedent 1594 W. Shakespeare v. iii. 44 A patterne president, and liuelie warrant, For me..to performe the like. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 16 Well could I beare that England had this praise, So we [sc. the French] could finde some patterne of our shame. View more context for this quotation 1630 Earl of Manchester in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 272 It would be a good pattern for other places. 1672 A. Marvell i. 167 There is not a scold at Billins-gate but may defend herself by the patern of King James and Archbishop Whitgift. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > piece of > of specific size 1695 S. Sewall I. 152 Send my wife a Pattern of Silk for a gown. 1782 in (1902) XXXVIII. 54 A Patton for two Pare of overalls and two Westcoats—and a patton of White Ribed Stuf for a Westcoat & Briches. 1800 A. M. Thornton Diary 1 Nov. in (1907) X. 208 Dr T. commissioned him to purchase a pattern of Cloth for a Coat. 1806 M. Lewis Jrnl. 19 Mar. in (1990) VI. 434 One beaver skin, or two of those of the Raccoon or tiger catt forms the pattern of the robe. 1878 in J. C. Guild xxii. 403 Six yards was a big pattern for a gown when I was courting. 1912 M. E. M. Sangster xxi. 215 There are those who never understand that a large-sized garment cannot be cut from a tiny pattern of cloth. II. A regular or decorative arrangement. 9. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] 1581 T. Howell To Rdr. sig. A.vi If patterns wrought by Arte, of curious workman here thou seeke, Thy trauvayle then thou shalt but lose. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil i. 18 Of plate great cupboords, thee gould embossed in anticque Patterns [L. patrum]. 1651 E. Prestwich 75 A suite made up of patterns were both fit To emblemise thy speech, and cloth thy wit. 1698 W. Pope 55 The Bramble pulls the Passenger by's Coat, Tares Patterns off, to see where 'tis her Cloth. 1758 S. Johnson 8 July 105 To direct their operations and to draw patterns. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal (new ed.) VIII. 235 Paris surpassed Persia in her carpets,..in the elegance of her patterns, and the beauty of her dyes. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. iii. 27 What a pretty Manchester pattern this is. 1851 D. Wilson ii. ii. 233 The forms and patterns of the various weapons. 1876 W. Besant & J. Rice I. Prol. i. 7 The pattern of his check-shirt being larger. 1937 J. Marquand xvi. 105 The yellow gleam of candles picked out bits of a flower-brocaded pattern in his black gown. 1962 J. Braine xvii. 209 I set out the tea things on a tray and..arranged some chocolate biscuits in a pattern on the plate. 1993 Oct. 63/1 In this one little box you'll get FunPictures with more than forty new patterns and images for your desktop. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [noun] > arrangement in a pattern 1849 G. P. R. James I. vii. 121 The walls were formed of large beams of wood, crossing and supporting each other in various strange directions, forming a sort of pattern or figure inside and out. 1870 C. Dickens xii. 91 The broken frames..cast patterns on the ground. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. VIII. 937 In other cases, the lesions display a ‘pattern’. 1905 Baroness Orczy ii. 13 The long polished tables..on which innumerable pewter tankards had left fantastic patterns of many-sized rings. 1940 C. McCullers ii. viii. 224 He..watched the patterns the sunlight made on the wall. 1990 May–June 15/1 A bird..glides over the rushing Peñas Blancas River, its outstretched wings displaying sunburst patterns of black, chestnut and gold. 10. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > [noun] > mark or target > marks made on target the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shooting equipment > [noun] > shot-gun or fowling-piece > shot > marks made by society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > an artillery shot > patterns of shot or ranging shot 1859 ‘Stonehenge’ i. ii. 14 So much depends on the pattern made at thirty and forty yards by the gun intended to be used. 1881 W. W. Greener 303 Sportsmen cannot attach too much importance to regular and uniform patterns, especially in pigeon shooting, where one thin pattern will probably cause a shooter to lose a match. 1892 W. W. Greener 124 When a gun is said to make a pattern of 200, it means that 200 is the average number put within a circle 30 in. in diameter on the target, the butt of the gun being forty yards..from the target, the load being 3 drams of black powder, or the equivalent in nitro powder, and 11/ 8 ounces of No. 6 shot, 270 to the ounce (304 pellets to 11/ 8 ounces), which is called the standard load, and originated at the Field Gun Trials of 1875, when the charge of shot was first counted. 1961 C. Willock ii. 34 Pattern..is the spread of the shot. 1976 Dec. 52/2 A new game cartridge,..features the exclusive Monowad, claimed by the manufacturers to deliver up to 10 per cent more pellets inside the pattern. 1990 Sept. 83/3 The most effective load for doves is one that delivers patterns of sufficient density to preclude the possibility of a centered bird slipping through a hole. society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > [noun] > air operation > bombing raid > dropping of bombs > number or distribution of bombs 1944 770/1 Pattern-bomb,..to bomb, from a number of aircraft, in such a way that the relative position of the craft determines the ‘pattern’ of the bombs when they strike, so as to cover the target in a desired manner. 1991 3 Feb. 8/5 Reporters like the term carpet bombing, a dysphemism for ‘bombing in a close pattern to destroy a large area rather than specific targets.’ 2002 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 22 Penetrating darts would be dispersed in a predictable pattern and would impact the mine casing. 11. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [noun] > pattern (of behaviour, etc.) 1883 9 Nov. 813/3 He set a pattern of controversial violence at a time when tolerance was the lesson most needed by all parties. 1906 C. S. Sherrington v. 176 (caption) The cutaneous fields of the ‘scratch-reflex’, the ‘flexion-reflex’, the ‘extensor-thrust’, are areas which in nowise fit in with the pattern of the cutaneous fields of the afferent spinal roots. 1915 V. Woolf xxii. 366 According to him, too, there was an order, a pattern which made life reasonable. 1927 E. O'Neill iii. 152 The young boys and girls take up their censers and dance their pattern out backward, preceded by the musicians. 1933 H. G. Wells iii. §6. 301 Old habits of thought, old values, old patterns of conduct. 1945 T. S. Eliot 32 Each literature has its greatness, not in isolation, but because of its place in a larger pattern, a pattern set in Rome. 1951 J. M. Fraser iii. xx. 236 Different patterns of relationships will develop according to what kind of task the group happens to be engaged in. 1968 P. B. Weiz viii. 123/2 A given external stimulus usually leads to the completion of several or many simultaneous reflex responses, all occurring as a single, integrated pattern of activity. 1994 26 May 17/4 Oz also observes the potential absurdity in this pattern of thinking. 1900 34 110 No attempt has been made in this paper to describe the extent of variation in the patterns noted in different parts of the same retina. 1902 13 277 Any structure made up heterogeneous elements—if it be anything more than a mere collection or heap—implies arrangement, plan, pattern, and not simply addition of abstract units. 1930 Feb. 267/2 Moisture born by the winds forms a constantly changing pattern of cloud distribution across the globe. 1952 J. A. Steers et al. (ed. 3) ii. iv. 203 When the upwelling has ceased in July the normal pattern of currents is soon re-established. 1980 37 531 A description of the spatial pattern of the heather was required. 2009 29 Aug. 36 Where other economists proceed from the gut, or with an ideological compass, Bernanke has always preferred to look for patterns in the data. society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > repeat or refrain 1920 W. R. Spalding vi. 77 The Sarabande is a slow, stately dance... Its striking features are the frequent occurrence of the rhythmic pattern. 1931 7 65 Comparative analysis of the subject matter, lines,..intervals, melodic patterns, metre, syncopation, and specific instances of Negro spirituals and white revival songs. 1963 W. P. Malm viii. 149 The first drum sound actually heard..is beat ‘six’ of the drum pattern. 1996 C. Jenkins in P. Trynka 60/1 Roland's CR78, launched in 1978, also used synthesized sounds, together with preset and programmable patterns and some clever variation functions. the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > linguistic system 1921 E. Sapir iii. 56 Every language, then, is characterized as much by its ideal system of sounds and by the underlying phonetic pattern (system, one might term it, of symbolic atoms) as by a definite grammatical structure. 1933 L. Bloomfield 136 The structural pattern leads us to recognize also compound phonemes. 1951 27 295 This explicit talk about the fact of patterning makes possible the distinction between the grammar (specific pattern) and grammaticalness (degree of patterning) of language. 1972 M. L. Samuels xiii. 160 Noticeable in the Middle and Early Modern periods is the start of a new pattern of quantitative gradation in the verb. 1997 15 Mar. i. 1/1 Linguists have identified the spread of ‘Occupational English’, which is classless and devoid of regional accent and vocabulary, breaking down traditional speech patterns. the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > nerve impulse 1930 39 564 This excitation-pattern is carried over the optic nerve..into the cortex. 1955 78 586 There has been a revulsion from the..idea of the nervous system as a telephone exchange, and this has found one expression in the suggestion that a specific cutaneous sensation results when the brain receives from the skin impulses which make up a characteristic pattern. 1961 T. L. Peele (ed. 2) xix. 448 A ‘touch’ pattern requires more large fibers than a ‘pain’ pattern. 1975 O. R. Melzack & P. D. Wall in M. Weisenberg i. 12/1 There can no longer be any doubt that temporal and spatial patterns of nerve impulses provide the basis of our sensory perceptions. 1994 8 Oct. 36/1 Scientists believe that insect locomotion is controlled by a network of nerve cells called a central pattern generator (CPG), which produces rhythmic signals. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres > pre-arranged 1949 29 Aug. 8/1 Conditioning, blocking, tackling and pass pattern work was on the Bengal squad schedule today. 1972 23 June 16/1 ‘He threw all types of patterns extremely well,’ Devine said after watching Starr work out at the club's practice field. 1988 L. Wilson v. 78/2 In the pattern shown..the quarterback's primary target is the flankerback running a 5-out. 2001 Mar. 7/2 Everyone performed patterns, mini-patterns, basics, self-defence techniques, repetitions of exercises and sparring. 1965 2 Sept. 3/3 (heading) Changes recommended to pattern of racing. 1968 30 July 10/3 The prize money allocated to the 127 pattern races on the flat, and the 16 proposed prestige races under National Hunt rules. 1975 M. Ayres & G. Newbon xi. 143 Racing authorities..hace started to produce a co-ordinated list of Pattern races. 1998 (Nexis) 29 Apr. 10 The Derby, Oaks, Guineas and St Leger..form part of the Pattern of non-handicap races, introduced in 1970 as a means of grouping European races into appropriate challenges during the season. III. Other uses. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of saint > patron saint 1745 19 The Papists will squander their Substance at Fairs and Patterns. 1826 W. Hone (1827) II. 383 The usual fair day or ‘patron’, or, as it is usually pronounced, pattern or patten, is a festive meeting to commemorate the virtues of a patron saint. 1892 22 Oct. 560 ‘Patterne’..primarily meant the day of the patron saint. Then it came to mean the dance on the festival day, and now is used of a dance on any holiday. 1909 J. Barlow 16 And there are dances for the soon-dark nights..; hurley and football matches; patterns and stations. 1957 E. E. Evans xviii. 262 All the fairs were held on saints' days..and if the saint was a local one the fair..was also a pattern. 1998 T. P. Dolan 195/1 We went up to the pattern to say a few prayers for John's father. B. adj.the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [adjective] the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > exemplary 1657 J. Fiske 16 Upon what grounds call you the Lord's Prayer, a Pattern Prayer? A. 1. Because..it was given to that end. 2. Because it yields Direction concerning both the Matter, and the Manner, or Method, of Prayer. 1792 R. Bage III. liv. 31 A model for faithful lovers; a pattern card for posterity. 1812 M. Edgeworth Vivian iii, in IV. 106 I..never set myself up for a pattern man. 1840 J. Buel (ed. 2) 24 The average annual profit of the pattern-farm. 1865 J. Farrar 146 When this was said, I knew there was no hope for me, so I resigned myself to be as wise and sober as those pattern girls. 1874 H. W. Longfellow iv. 38 A Princess from the Fairy Tales, The very pattern girl of girls. 1880 M. E. Braddon I. xvi. 284 He felt himself a pattern father. 1909 L. M. Montgomery xxv. 292 She advised me to take Emily Scott because Emily had money of her own and was a pattern housekeeper. 1928 S. O'Casey i. 21 He was a pattern husband since he came home on leave. Compounds C1. a. 1842 N. P. Willis in Aug. 200/2 She joined all the sewing-circles of the village, refusing steadily the invidious honor of manager, pattern-cutter, and treasurer. 1991 (U.K. ed.) Apr. 100 The Sikh pattern-cutter's abdomen is examined with a distinctly shaky hand. 1881 W. Morris 1 By..pattern-design,..I mean the ornamentation of a surface by work that is not imitative or historical; at any rate, not principally or essentially so. 1992 Dec. 45/3 It isn't something I'd recommend for sewers who haven't studied pattern design and drafting techniques. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > production of or ornamentation by 1881 W. Morris (title) Some hints on pattern-designing. 1963 J. R. R. Tolkien 23 Dec. (1995) 342 I have among my ‘papers’ more than one version of a mythical ‘tree’, which crops up regularly at those times when I feel driven to pattern-designing. 1998 June (verso front cover) (advt.) Pattern designing and programming systems. 1914 H. M. Johnson in 4 340 (title) Visual pattern discrimination in the vertebrates. II. Comparative visual acuity in the dog, the monkey and the chick. 1951 S. S. Stevens xx. 764/2 So far we have dealt only with pattern discriminations: the capacity to tell the difference between a triangle and a circle or between an upright triangle and an inverted triangle, and so on. 1997 94 11742/1 To investigate the mechanisms involved in the integration of features for pattern discrimination, observers judged the orientation..of an E-like pattern. 1890 W. J. Gordon 171 There is a wide gap between an ordinary mill-hand and a pattern-engraver. 1998 (Nexis) 5 Feb. a22 He was a retired pattern engraver for the textile industry. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > pattern making 1843 Sept. 382/2 The workshops contain..pattern-making shops. 1895 95 Beeswax, melted and mixed with brick~dust, is very useful in pattern-making, to stop up holes, cracks, &c. 1937 H. Read i. 23 But from the normal point of view we have to explain..the almost complete atrophy of the artistic impulse in man—at least the disappearance of the individual work of art in an undifferentiated mass of pattern-making as monotonous as the standardized products of our own machine age. 1990 G. Matthews & J. Matthews (ed. 3) vi. 92/2 Children will probably discover that patterns can be imprinted in the clay even without the provision of pattern-making tools. 1932 H. H. Price viii. 243 AB..is a sensible complex... It means also that the complex AB has a certain characteristic which we may call sensible pattern-quality. 2002 (Nexis) 1 Mar. 20 This marks a first step towards the optimisation of wax pattern quality. 1867 E. T. Freedley 457 There is a building seventy-one by eighteen feet..a Pattern Store Room, one hundred by eighteen feet, [etc.]. 1900 17 Aug. Our pattern stores, which were built next the wall, were completely demolished. 2001 (Nexis) 1 Sept. 5 Fire completely destroyed one of the four pattern stores buildings at O.M. Steel Founders and Engineering, Limited, Sheffield. 1704 No. 4062/8 A Pattern-Suit, to contain Five Yards of Cloth, dark~grey..; a Pattern-Shirt..; a Pattern Hat. 1779 G. Washington Let. 23 Jan. in J. C. Fitzpatrick (1931) 41 I could even wish that Congress were to..give each State Cloathier a pattern suit and order him not to deviate from it in the smallest degree. 1899 J. W. Mackail II. 43 Pattern tiles, chiefly meant for use in fireplaces, went on being produced. 1995 27 310 The floor of this temple was lined with flower pattern tiles—mostly lotus and cloud design. 1904 at Pattern sb. Pattern trade. 1826 J. H. Reynolds 104 While I..Thy splendid course, as pattern-work, rehearse! 1902 29 Nov. 3/1 He had designed some of the best pattern-work of our time. 1991 Aug. 808 Nevertheless, some flat pattern work can be fairly treated as marquetry, most often based on natural forms. b. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ xv. 264 The safe and pattern-phrased..style [of literary criticism]. C2. the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [noun] > state of having no 1916 7 349/2 Congenital baldness must not be confused with pattern baldness. 1956 C. Auerbach 16 The so-called pattern-baldness of men is due to a mutated gene which acts most effectively on the background of a male constitution. 2007 1 Mar. 20/3 Her mother and grandmother both developed female pattern baldness and wore wigs. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > equipment > pattern 1819 M. Edgeworth 28 Jan. (1971) 165 The gown..is made by the very best dressmaker in Paris by a pattern body which I got my dear Fan to take from a gown of yours. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1637/2 Pattern-box, a. A box in a loom holding a number of shuttles, either of which may be projected along the shed, according to the pattern... b. The box perforated for the harness-cards in the Jacquard figure-loom. 1849 22 Dec. 110/2 Assisting in moving the upper heddle levers, and keeping them even, so that the cams or rollers on the pattern chain will operate accurately on the jacks. a1877 E. H. Knight III. 1637/2 The pattern-chain..has links of varying hight, which, as they pass beneath the roller on lever I, raise it to a greater or lesser hight..and so bring the required shuttle in position to be struck by the picker. 1934 10 124 The criterion of pattern congruity. Particular formulations must be congruous with the general phonemic pattern of the given language. 1964 E. Bach viii. 178 It seems natural to identify simplicity with the number of symbol tokens..in the grammar. We would exclude from our count symbols of metatheory..and count as single symbols..the primes of the various parts of the grammar. This consideration seems to underlie many statements about ‘pattern congruity’ and the like. 1994 70 437 Pattern congruity favors [length] rather than [voice] as the contrastive property of stops. 1853 3 Dec. 91/1 The reciprocating and rotating pattern cylinder in combination with the vibrating lever or the equivalent thereof. 2001 (Nexis) 15 Aug. 4 Mr Bishop tried to clean a pattern cylinder..The next thing he knew, his finger was pulled in. 1906 A. G. I. Christie ix. 199 Samplers..may be seen entirely filled with these pattern darns. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > done in specific stitches the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > other types of embroidery 1906 A. G. I. Christie ix. 197 The second kind is called pattern darning; in it the stitches are picked up in some regular order, so that they form various geometrical patterns over the surface. 2000 (Nexis) 14 Oct. 4 QCWA Upper Stone ladies were very busy in September with two craft teachers coming from Townsville to teach fillet net and pattern darning. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > artist 1844 XXVII. (Rep. Commissioners XIII.) 55/1 Occupations..Pattern-designer and maker. 1899 J. W. Mackail I. 78 Morris was a pattern-designer and decorator. 1992 No. 19. 61/2 Artists dealing with large-scale public commissions..have been turned into pattern designers for paving, bench designers, and landscapers. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > artist 1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 26 in J. Swift et al. A careful and fanciful Pattern-drawer. 1862 G. W. Thornbury I. 101 An eminent pattern-drawer. 1999 (Nexis) 1 June 886 The appearance of both the sun and moon..in an embroidered sky is not simply a conceit of the pattern drawer. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > production of or ornamentation by 1749 J. Gwynn 43 Weavers..are obliged, if unskilled themselves, to have Recourse to those who make Pattern-Drawing their Profession. 1779 24 Mar. 2/4 Young Ladies taught Tambour and Pattern Drawing either at home or abroad. 1864 A. McKay (ed. 3) 249 He has become skilled in pattern-drawing. 1992 June 356/1 Another sheet..perhaps discarded by Jacopo Bellini from this book of pattern-drawings, does include a decorative motif. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > earth > [noun] > bank of earth as guide for raising ground 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville 106 These Pattern-Lines may be from twelve Inches to two Foot broad. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > other people involved with weaving society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > caster or founder > maker or fitter of moulds 1787 Directory in (1967) 147 Lawler (John). Pattern-maker, Broad-lane. 1818 J. Flint (1822) 62 [Among] the manufacturing people of Pittsburg..[is] 1 Pattern Maker. 1881 F. Young §37 [Alder] works very smoothly, and is much used by turners and pattern-makers. 1993 Apr. 70/1 In the beginning, she had only one full-time employee..; the sewer and patternmaker were both part-time. 1960 B. Julesz in 39 1126 Patterns perceived in depth afford a promising means for exploring pattern-matching. 1997 June 56/2 Pattern matching is used in tasks such as handwriting recognition, face identification, database retrieval and automatic target recognition. 1858 P. L. Simmonds 278/2 Pattern-moulder, a designer and maker of models for cast-iron foundries. 2001 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 34 These initial team discussions can direct the pattern molder to create a robust process for optimum dimensional capability. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > other types of paper 1849 W. Martin (1857) 3 The lower ends of the vertical needles come in contact with the surface of the pattern paper. 1926 J. Masefield iii. 59 She picked up some pattern-paper..snipped it with scissors..and then shook it out as a sort of cape or shawl of lace. 2002 (Nexis) 2 Dec. (Lifestyles section) b2 You will need some pattern paper that is relatively see-through and durable enough to pin on fabric. the mind > language > a language > [noun] > a foreign language > methods of teaching or learning 1944 C. Fries VI. 1 A..class hour is given to the ‘pattern practice’ and drill. 1992 46 9 Further development of the ‘communicative approach’ is to be expected: by comparison with its predecessors, such as ‘grammar-translation’ and ‘pattern practice’, it has not been very long on the scene. 1858 P. L. Simmonds 278/2 Pattern-reader. 1992 Dec. 74/1 With literally thousands and thousands of pre-punched pattern cards available today..the KK 98's 24-stitch pattern reader opens up a world of design opportunities. 1943 Feb. 106/1 Language is the part of culture which particularly lends itself to pattern recognition, because its precision of form facilitates analysis. 1964 J. Z. Young xix. 312 There is every reason to think that similar arrangements are an essential part of the pattern-recognition systems of the brain. 1974 W. R. Adey et al. xi. 474 There has been a very earnest search for computer methods of pattern recognition. 2005 P. R. Keefe v. 132 Conventional wisdom would suggest that having too much material to draw from will always be a liability for pattern recognition or word-spotting programs. 1856 C. E. Potter 759 A brick building, 150 by 30, now in course of erection for wood shop, pattern rooms, office, &c. 1959 11 437 When the Salford foundry was sold in April 1838 it covered nearly 6,800 square yards, including pattern rooms, casting shops, smith's shops, [etc.]. 1998 (Nexis) Aug. A pattern room designs and builds assembly fixtures and assists the engineering department with building pilot vehicles. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > lacemaking > processes involved in > one who 1843 Mar. 118/2 When the stamper has imprinted on the net the outlines of the device, a ‘pattern-setter’ decides on the manner in which the pattern shall be filled up. 1902 W. James i. 6 We must make search..for the original experiences which were the pattern-setters to all this mass of suggested feeling and imitated conduct. 1996 49 686/2 To the extent that the auto industry is a pattern-setter, this divergence would have ramifications for other manufacturing industries as well. 1947 55 521/1 Senator Ball, for example, cited such a pattern-setting case in explaining why he thought industry-wide bargaining was ‘clearly monopolistic’. 1993 90 4453/1 All fibril polymerization requires an initial nucleation, or pattern-setting association with the nucleant. society > occupation and work > workplace > factory > [noun] > part where patterns are prepared society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with metal > [noun] > for founding > part of 1847 24 Apr. 246/2 We observed in the pattern-shop, the bed-plate pattern of an enormous engine thirty five feet in length. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ xiv. 256 Before joining the destroyer he had been at the College at Dartmouth, teaching the naval cadets their business in the pattern-shop. 1996 55 365 When Semen Kanatchikov, a young peasant migrant, started work in a Moscow pattern shop in the mid-1890s, his worker-comrades let him know just what they thought of peasants. society > society and the community > study of society > [noun] > theories or methods of analysis 1951 T. Parsons et al. in T. Parsons & E. A. Shils ii. 48 The pattern-variable scheme defines a set of five dichotomies. Any course by any actor involves (according to theory) a pattern of choices with respect to these five sets of alternatives. 1964 I. L. Horowitz 15 The long trek from an action context to a paradigm for describing all types of action in a four-part pattern variable is no better..than Hegel..ending with..the perfect equation of Reason equating itself. 1990 S. Lash 255 This has been noted by sociologists from Weber..through Parsons's pattern variables. society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [adjective] > technique of sword-making 1950 50 124/1 Polished and etched sections of such a pattern-welded piece would help to show whether this structural explanation of the surface is correct. 1962 H. R. E. Davidson i. 25 The ninth-century sword from the Palace of Westminster..had a pattern-welded blade. 2002 (Nexis) 19 Jan. 29 He has been commissioned to make a replica of a magnificent pattern-welded sword, thought to belong to a Saxon prince alongside whom it was buried. society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > technique of sword-making 1948 H. Maryon in 41 76 The welding of these swords represents an excessively difficult operation. I do not know of finer smith's work... I have named the technique ‘pattern welding’... Examples of pattern-welding range in date from the third century to the Viking Age. 1964 H. Hodges v. 88 In this process, known as pattern welding, case-hardened bars of iron were piled or faggotted white hot and forged. 1991 S. Bowman (BNC) 74 The skills involved are at least equalled by those lavished on some of the base metal objects, such as the iron sword with its complex design of pattern welding. 1847 13 Mar. 196/3 Mr. Peacock, the agent of the factory, has invented a single pattern wheel which can weave a pattern from two, or two hundred and twenty pickings. a1877 E. H. Knight II. 1638/2 Pattern-wheel, 1. (Horology) The count-wheel or locking-plate of the striking portion of a clock-movement... 2. (Weaving) A Pattern-cylinder. 1960 (Textile Inst.) (ed. 4) 107 Pattern Wheel, a wheel, composed of sectors of different radii, the circumference of which determines the lateral positions of the guide-bar of a warp knitting machine. 2002 (Nexis) 1 May These modules feature a rotary ultrasonic system used in conjunction with a rotary pattern wheel providing continuous, consistent bonding performance in a one-step operation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). patternv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pattern n. Etymology: < pattern n. Compare Middle French, French patronner to reproduce after a model (1392), to take as a model (used reflexive; 1437), to imitate (1611 in Cotgrave), to colour using a stencil (1676). I. Senses relating to a model or example. 1. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > model on or fashion after the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > bring into conformity > to or with a pattern or model 1567 in R. Renwick (1893) 37 All the wechtis that beis within the brucht to be maid and pathernit be the troin wechtis. 1608 S. Hieron 151 The Lord doth teach us to patterne our obedience to the holy Angels. 1665 T. Herbert (new ed.) 163 [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. 1781 M. Mather 7 These perfections of the Deity ought to be patterned after by all such as are stiled God's on earth. 1875 W. D. Whitney xii. 249 All the rest of the language should come to be patterned after that model. 1890 Apr. 301/1 He has patterned his conduct on the example of his father. 1924 P. G. Wodehouse 10 I only hope Felicia's had the sense to pattern herself on you. 1959 F. Astaire (1960) x. 89 We patterned one number on the ‘nut’ style again, thinking it had been somewhat wasted in Love Letter. 2001 Mar.–Apr. 14/3 The site is a..directory of Canadian evangelical sites..patterned after Yahoo!, the premier American directory site. the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1595) sig. D4 That way of patterning a Common-wealth was most absolute, though hee [sc. Sir T. More] perchaunce hath not so absolutely perfourmed it. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > invent, devise [verb (transitive)] 1601 B. Jonson v. v. sig. Mv For men by their example patterne out Their Imitations. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton 13 Judge whether that Kings Reigne be a fit time from whence to patterne out the Constitution of a Church Discipline. 1653 R. Mead ii. iii. 23 I'm content that you should pattern out Your entertainment unto Theocles From mine to your Panareta. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [verb (reflexive)] > make oneself like the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (intransitive)] > follow an example 1820 J. F. Cooper I. ii. 17 I wish he would pattern after yourself, colonel, in these matters. 1879 M. M. Dodge 85 In truth, not a charm of earth or sky But comes for my girl to pattern by. 1884 ‘C. E. Craddock’ i. 4 They dunno what he patterned arter. a1911 D. G. Phillips (1917) I. xviii. 321 She joined the birds making a toilet in its [sc. a fountain's] basin, and patterned after them—washed her face and hands, dried them on a handkerchief. the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > be equal to or match the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)] > liken a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) ii. iii. sig. P5 The likenesse of our mishaps makes me presume to patterne my selfe vnto him. ?1589 T. Nashe sig. 19 Such a packet of male and female professors, as the world might not patterne. 1622 G. Wither sig. C6 By herselfe, must therefore she, Or by nothing pattern'd, be. 1649 G. Wither 41 Such a Fall Great Christendom ne're Pattern'd. 1667 N. Billingsley 120 A sinner's heart's so black, that only hell Can pattern it, and be it's paralell. 1843 S. Smith Let. on Amer. Debts in (1859) II. 327/2 History cannot pattern it. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [verb (transitive)] > set an example to 1594 W. Shakespeare sig. E4 When patternd by thy fault fowle sin may say, He learnd to sin, and thou didst teach the way. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 30 When I, that censure him, do so offend, Let mine owne Iudgement patterne out my death, And nothing come in partiall. View more context for this quotation 1654 R. Boreman 2 A duty, which is patterned to us by the practice of Heathens, Jewes, and Christians in all ages. the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] 1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye III. 194 The fire heere beneath doth aptly patterne him. 1641 J. Milton 12 This very word of patterning or imitating excludes Episcopacy from the solid and grave Ethicall law. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies lvi, in 29 So the spider spins, And eke the silk-worm, pattern'd by ourselves. 1901 23 Apr. 4 The Highland Board has ‘patterned’ the Irish method in buying and allocating pure-bred animals. 2003 (Nexis) 8 Feb. (Region) 3 a The Fayette County (Ohio) Historical Society patterned the idea from a national competition. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > find or furnish an instance or example of [verb (transitive)] > afford an example of 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus xxiii. 86 To patterne and manifestly shew in him, the frailties that man's life is subiect vnto. 1620 J. Ford 14 Whatsoeuer..in those..collections is inserted, to patterne and personate an excellent man. II. Senses relating to an arrangement or order. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] the world > matter > colour > variegation > variegate [verb (transitive)] 1857 J. Ruskin ii. 120 But we let the walls fall that Giotto patterned. 1877 A. B. Edwards xxi. 659 The same kind of cartonnage, patterned in many colours on a white ground. 1898 Mrs. H. Ward 397 The damson trees were all out patterning the valleys. 1923 24 Feb. 11 Novel ninons are patterned with designs resembling finely worked embroideries. 1955 R. Fastnedge iii. 86 Queen Anne's state bed..is hung, with Spitalfields velvet, patterned in rich colours on a cream ground. 1993 A. Grey ii. 32 Tiny white blossoms patterned the pavement like confetti. 2000 13 Mar. 15/3 I use a Japanese technique of tie-dying.., which delicately patterns the material, and then I embroider it with silver. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > be arranged in other specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > form a pattern the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > reduce to order > give structure to or organize the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > arrange in other specific manner [verb (transitive)] > in a pattern 1862 W. W. Story (1863) I. vii. 155 One of the Roman kitchen-gardens, patterned out in even rows and squares of green. 1931 W. Stevens 133 A pale silver patterned on the deck And made one think of porcelain chocolate. 1967 14 May ii. 13/2 (advt.) The s.s. Rotterdam..patterned for epicures,..art connoisseurs, and other bon vivants. 1993 30 Sept. 391/1 Recent developments in nanolithography have enabled metal dots to be patterned that are small enough for single electrons to be counted entering or leaving. 2001 (Nexis) 19 June On the embroidered insoles, they patterned out various blessings for husbands, sons, relatives and friends. 8. society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > discharge firearms [verb (intransitive)] > actions of bullet or shot 1904 Pattern, Of a gun: to distribute shot in a pattern. 1993 Sept. 17/2 Though steel shot is non-toxic, it doesn't pattern as well as lead and also damages older gun barrels. 2002 (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Sports section) 13 b He was..keeping his shotgun loaded with Remington Hevi-Shot, a nontoxic load that may be used on waterfowl yet patterns well enough to shoot at small game. 1990 (Nexis) 4 July If you have patterned your shotgun prior to the season with the loads you hunt with..I promise that you will be more successful afield. 2002 (Nexis) 15 Nov. Patterning a gun involves shooting different shells with different chokes at a stationary target. the mind > language > linguistics > study language [verb (intransitive)] > form a pattern 1942 17 147 They pattern congruently with the similarly distributed varieties of /p/ and /k/. 1951 G. L. Trager & H. L. Smith ii. 53 The distributional gaps are often found to pattern as if they were themselves partials with phonemic content. 1991 36 263 If the relevant distinction were one of theta opacity, such verbs would be expected to pattern like transitives rather than intransitives. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.1324 v.1567 |
