patronessn.

Brit.

/peɪtrəˈnɛs/,

/ˈpeɪtrənᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈpeɪtrənəs/

Forms: late Middle English partrones (transmission error), late Middle English patronyse, late Middle English 1600s patrones, late Middle English–1600s patronesse, 1500s–1600s patronnesse, 1500s– patroness, 1700s– patronness. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English patronnesse.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin patronissa.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin patronissa female patron (in an undated glossary), female holder of an advowson (1483, a1564 in British sources) < classical Latin patrōnus patron n. + post-classical Latin -issa -ess suffix¹. Compare Middle French patronnesse female protector (1575 in an apparently isolated attestation), French patronnesse female sponsor of the arts (1833), Dutch patrones female patron (16th cent.).

1. A woman who is a sponsor or supporter of a person, cause, institution, activity, etc.; a female patron.In quots. a1425 and 1440, the exact sense is unclear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun] > patron > female

patronessa1425

protectricec1429

protectrixc1450

mistress?1461

fautrix1582

fautress1605

fairy godmother1857

madrina1971

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 48 Patronissa, a partrones.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 386 Patronesse, patronissa.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bii All the lerned men of Englonde to whome she was a veray patronesse.

1598 S. Daniel Delia (new ed.) sig. A2 To the Right Honorable, the Lady Mary, Countesse of Pembrooke... Great Patroness of these my humble Rymes.

1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 56 The Church of England no Patroness of Novell opinions.

1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 57 Far be it from me, Munificent Patroness, to delay your Marriage.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 15 To feign just reluctance enough to make some merit of sacrificing it to the influence of my patroness.

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne i. 12 Margaret Queen of Navarre..patroness of literary men.

a1820 in Ld. Byron Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1838) 535/1 Lady Byron is this year the lady patroness at the annual Charity Ball.

1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xxiv. 192 After much discussion by stewards and lady patronesses.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. §49 Patronesses..had only the same rights as patrons under the statute of the Twelve Tables.

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent x. 316 The patroness of the ex-convict received this assurance indignantly.

1946 G. Hopkins tr. F. Mauriac Woman of Pharisees xi. 127 But the expression of hauteur on the face of her patroness showed no sign of softening.

1986 P. Stratford tr. A. Maillet Devil is Loose! (1987) i. 6 This church worthy and patroness of good works never meddled in the business..of her husband's gang.

a. A female patron saint.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] > guardian > female

patronessc1450

patroness-saint1855

c1450 J. Marion in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 131 55 (MED) Mary, mayde and wif, of women patronesse..Now pray for vs.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Piiii^v Take her for thy chefe patronesse & aduocatrice.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 To take vnto hym the holy virgin..to bee his patronesse.

1694 London Gaz. No. 2979/2 That the Relicts of St. Genevieve, Patroness of this City [sc. Paris], should be carried in..Procession.

1712 P. Metcalfe (title) The life and miracles of S. Wenefride Virgin Martyr and Abbess Patroness of Wales.

1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 291 Her relicks are preserved at Barcelona, by which city she is honoured as its patroness.

1828 W. Scott Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. Introd. The venerable guardian of St. Bridget probably expected the interference of her patroness.

1877 H. James American xxvi. 465 She took the name of her patroness, St. Veronica.

1911 Catholic Encycl. XI. 564/1 The list of male saints in the fourteen dioceses comprises 156 names, and..the female patronesses are 42 in number.

1991 Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encycl. 733/2 The patroness of the United States of America is the Blessed Virgin Mary under her title of the Immaculate Conception.

b. A goddess who serves as a guardian or protector of a person, place, occupation, etc. Also (figurative) in personifications. Cf. patron n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > tutelary

patronc1425

patroness1490

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 56 The goddesse Iuno, quene and patronesse of the commocyons nupcyalle.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 376 Dame Venus..Patronesse of plesaunce be namyd well se myght.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 342^v Minerva was thought the patronesse of al witte.

1645 J. Milton Passion v, in Poems 18 Befriend me night best Patroness of grief.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 780 Hail, therefore, patroness of health and ease And contemplation,..Hail, rural life!

1869 Sat. Rev. 13 Feb. 219 The..muse Urania is almost his only patroness; from her eight earthier sisters he gets hardly any assistance.

1921 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 11 251 She [sc. Artemis] was the patroness rather of wild beasts of the field..than of agricultural or domesticated animals.

1989 M. Gimbutas Lang. of Goddess i. vi. 59 She was a patroness of the art of healing honored at thermal springs at Bath, Aquae Sulis.

†3. An exemplar or model of female excellence. Cf. pattern n. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > perfect person or thing > model

patronessc1450

modela1586

type1847

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 6833 (MED) Alceste..ys Merour and patronesse To yive example of stedfastenesse To women throgh hir noble fame.

4. A female holder of an advowson. rare. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun] > one who has > female

patroness1538

1538 T. Cranmer Let. 7 Feb. in Remains (1833) I. 232 The Bishop of London..gave the institution unto the said sir Heugh Payne, leaving the patroness in suit at the common law for the same.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. i. 170 The Poor..were rejoiced to see their Patroness returned after so long an Absence.

1948 M. Whiffen Stuart & Georgian Churches 90 Theale church was built in 1820-32 at the sole expense of the patroness of the living of Tilehurst, a Mrs. Sheppard.

1964 E. Power Medieval Eng. Nunneries 52 The Archbishop wrote..to the subprioress and convent bidding them at once to direct a letter..to their patroness, declaring that they had unanimously elected Joan de Pykering as prioress.

Compounds

patroness-saint n. = sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] > guardian > female

patronessc1450

patroness-saint1855

1855 W. Scott Waverly 116 ‘Put it not on that issue, father,’ said the offended Countess; ‘for, by my patroness Saint, our Lady of the Broken Lances, had it not been for regard to these two ladies’.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 2/1 The image of Ste. Anne, the patroness-saint of Brittany.

2001 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Special section) pe1 She became Our Lady of Guadalupe, the patroness saint of the Americas to Catholics.

Derivatives

† patroness-ship n. Obsolete the office or position of patroness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun] > patron > female > position of

patroness-ship1840

1840 C. G. F. Gore in New Monthly Mag. 60 51 In London life, patronesship is a matter of election.

1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. (1852) 79 Her ladyship refused the patroness-ship last season.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	patroness
释义	patronessn. Brit. /peɪtrəˈnɛs/, /ˈpeɪtrənᵻs/, U.S. /ˈpeɪtrənəs/ Forms: late Middle English partrones (transmission error), late Middle English patronyse, late Middle English 1600s patrones, late Middle English–1600s patronesse, 1500s–1600s patronnesse, 1500s– patroness, 1700s– patronness. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English patronnesse. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin patronissa. Etymology: < post-classical Latin patronissa female patron (in an undated glossary), female holder of an advowson (1483, a1564 in British sources) < classical Latin patrōnus patron n. + post-classical Latin -issa -ess suffix¹. Compare Middle French patronnesse female protector (1575 in an apparently isolated attestation), French patronnesse female sponsor of the arts (1833), Dutch patrones female patron (16th cent.). 1. A woman who is a sponsor or supporter of a person, cause, institution, activity, etc.; a female patron.In quots. a1425 and 1440, the exact sense is unclear. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun] > patron > female patronessa1425 protectricec1429 protectrixc1450 mistress?1461 fautrix1582 fautress1605 fairy godmother1857 madrina1971 a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 48 Patronissa, a partrones. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 386 Patronesse, patronissa. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bii All the lerned men of Englonde to whome she was a veray patronesse. 1598 S. Daniel Delia (new ed.) sig. A2 To the Right Honorable, the Lady Mary, Countesse of Pembrooke... Great Patroness of these my humble Rymes. 1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 56 The Church of England no Patroness of Novell opinions. 1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 57 Far be it from me, Munificent Patroness, to delay your Marriage. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 15 To feign just reluctance enough to make some merit of sacrificing it to the influence of my patroness. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne i. 12 Margaret Queen of Navarre..patroness of literary men. a1820 in Ld. Byron Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1838) 535/1 Lady Byron is this year the lady patroness at the annual Charity Ball. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xxiv. 192 After much discussion by stewards and lady patronesses. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. §49 Patronesses..had only the same rights as patrons under the statute of the Twelve Tables. 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent x. 316 The patroness of the ex-convict received this assurance indignantly. 1946 G. Hopkins tr. F. Mauriac Woman of Pharisees xi. 127 But the expression of hauteur on the face of her patroness showed no sign of softening. 1986 P. Stratford tr. A. Maillet Devil is Loose! (1987) i. 6 This church worthy and patroness of good works never meddled in the business..of her husband's gang. 2. a. A female patron saint. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] > guardian > female patronessc1450 patroness-saint1855 c1450 J. Marion in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 131 55 (MED) Mary, mayde and wif, of women patronesse..Now pray for vs. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Piiii^v Take her for thy chefe patronesse & aduocatrice. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 To take vnto hym the holy virgin..to bee his patronesse. 1694 London Gaz. No. 2979/2 That the Relicts of St. Genevieve, Patroness of this City [sc. Paris], should be carried in..Procession. 1712 P. Metcalfe (title) The life and miracles of S. Wenefride Virgin Martyr and Abbess Patroness of Wales. 1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 291 Her relicks are preserved at Barcelona, by which city she is honoured as its patroness. 1828 W. Scott Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. Introd. The venerable guardian of St. Bridget probably expected the interference of her patroness. 1877 H. James American xxvi. 465 She took the name of her patroness, St. Veronica. 1911 Catholic Encycl. XI. 564/1 The list of male saints in the fourteen dioceses comprises 156 names, and..the female patronesses are 42 in number. 1991 Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encycl. 733/2 The patroness of the United States of America is the Blessed Virgin Mary under her title of the Immaculate Conception. b. A goddess who serves as a guardian or protector of a person, place, occupation, etc. Also (figurative) in personifications. Cf. patron n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > tutelary patronc1425 patroness1490 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 56 The goddesse Iuno, quene and patronesse of the commocyons nupcyalle. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 376 Dame Venus..Patronesse of plesaunce be namyd well se myght. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 342^v Minerva was thought the patronesse of al witte. 1645 J. Milton Passion v, in Poems 18 Befriend me night best Patroness of grief. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 780 Hail, therefore, patroness of health and ease And contemplation,..Hail, rural life! 1869 Sat. Rev. 13 Feb. 219 The..muse Urania is almost his only patroness; from her eight earthier sisters he gets hardly any assistance. 1921 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 11 251 She [sc. Artemis] was the patroness rather of wild beasts of the field..than of agricultural or domesticated animals. 1989 M. Gimbutas Lang. of Goddess i. vi. 59 She was a patroness of the art of healing honored at thermal springs at Bath, Aquae Sulis. †3. An exemplar or model of female excellence. Cf. pattern n. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > perfect person or thing > model patronessc1450 modela1586 type1847 c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 6833 (MED) Alceste..ys Merour and patronesse To yive example of stedfastenesse To women throgh hir noble fame. 4. A female holder of an advowson. rare. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun] > one who has > female patroness1538 1538 T. Cranmer Let. 7 Feb. in Remains (1833) I. 232 The Bishop of London..gave the institution unto the said sir Heugh Payne, leaving the patroness in suit at the common law for the same. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. i. 170 The Poor..were rejoiced to see their Patroness returned after so long an Absence. View more context for this quotation 1948 M. Whiffen Stuart & Georgian Churches 90 Theale church was built in 1820-32 at the sole expense of the patroness of the living of Tilehurst, a Mrs. Sheppard. 1964 E. Power Medieval Eng. Nunneries 52 The Archbishop wrote..to the subprioress and convent bidding them at once to direct a letter..to their patroness, declaring that they had unanimously elected Joan de Pykering as prioress. Compounds patroness-saint n. = sense 2a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] > guardian > female patronessc1450 patroness-saint1855 1855 W. Scott Waverly 116 ‘Put it not on that issue, father,’ said the offended Countess; ‘for, by my patroness Saint, our Lady of the Broken Lances, had it not been for regard to these two ladies’. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 2/1 The image of Ste. Anne, the patroness-saint of Brittany. 2001 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Special section) pe1 She became Our Lady of Guadalupe, the patroness saint of the Americas to Catholics. Derivatives † patroness-ship n. Obsolete the office or position of patroness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun] > patron > female > position of patroness-ship1840 1840 C. G. F. Gore in New Monthly Mag. 60 51 In London life, patronesship is a matter of election. 1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. (1852) 79 Her ladyship refused the patroness-ship last season. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † patronessv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: patroness n. Etymology: < patroness n., after patron v. Compare earlier patronessing n. Obsolete. rare. transitive. Of a woman: to act as a patroness to; to patronize. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > act as patron to [verb (transitive)] > as a woman matronize1830 patroness1865 fairy-godmother1919 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xiv. 297 Why am I to be Patroned and Patronessed as if the Patrons and Patronesses treated me? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.a1425v.1865
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patronessn.

Compounds

Derivatives

† patronessv.