bastionn.

Brit.

/ˈbastɪən/, U.S.

/ˈbæstʃən/,

/ˈbæstiən/

Forms: 1500s bastyon, 1500s– bastion, 1600s bastione, 1600s bastyone.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bastion.

Etymology: < Middle French, French bastion (15th or early 16th cent.; also frequently in extended use) < Italian bastione (15th cent.) < bastia small square fortress (13th cent.; < bastita , past participle of bastire to build, construct (see baste v.¹), with loss of intervocalic -t- characteristic of southern Italy) + -one -oon suffix. Compare bastide n.Compare post-classical Latin bastionus (1447 in an Italian source), and also German Bastion (1537; < French). With Italian bastia compare post-classical Latin bastia (1238, 1289 in Italian sources), Middle French bastie (1429).

†1. A fortified structure or encampment constructed by a besieging army. Cf. bastille n. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1523 R. Wingfield Let. 15 Jan. (BL Cotton Galba B.vii) ff. 230-230^v Th[e Emperor]..on the sy[de] towarde the see hath maade such a bastyon so that..[the besieged] are therby Remevyd from hoope.

1535 P. Rede Let. 27 Sept. in State Papers Henry VIII P.R.O.: SP 1/97 f. 112 From ye xvij day off June vn to ye xiv day off July in makyng of trenches fossys & Bastions for ye saue gard off hys host.

a. A projecting part of a fortification, shaped so as to allow defensive fire in several directions and typically located at an angle or corner of the main defences.Bastions may be round or polygonal; the most typical form is an irregular pentagon, the two longest sides of which (the faces (face n. 18b)) form the salient angle of the work (cf. salient adj. 4), the side walls or flanks (flank n.¹ 7) being somewhat shorter, while the gorge (gorge n.¹ 6) forms the remaining side of the pentagon.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > bastion

bastion1546

jetty1550

pommel1687

demi-bastion1695

moineau1704

hollow-bastion1706

empty bastion1711

roundel1843

bastionet1847

1546 P. G. Luty Let. 12 June in State Papers Henry VIII P.R.O.: SP 1/220 f. 85 Their purpose to reyse vp in sufficiency the wall and bastion over ageynst the markett place.

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 14 This small City, flanked with five good Bastions.

1759 tr. G. Le Blond Mil. Engineer II. 93 Center of the bastion, is the point where the prolongments of the two neighbouring curtains intersect.

1812 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) IX. 27 To breach the face of Bastion at the south east angle of the fort.

1920 Times 25 May 34/3 In 1519 the Portuguese occupied Malé for a short time, and in 1554 built there a fort with bastions which they mounted with numerous cannon.

2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 June Visitors can walk on the fort walls where four bastions have been converted into themed gardens.

b. In extended use. Any defended or fortified place or position; esp. a military stronghold or outpost.

ΚΠ

1853 Leisure Hour 27 Jan. 67/1 The mountain people entrenched there in 1560..and the ruins of their ponderous bastion were yet on the rocky slope.

1918 Queensland Times 7 Oct. 5/6 Gen. Goraud's left wing..occupies a line outflanking Neron Villers heights, which is the main bastion of the German front in the Champagne.

1942 Daily Mail 8 May 1/6 South African troops and American units..are pouring into the base..to consolidate it as a British naval bastion.

2018 Philippines Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 9 Nov. China has brazenly outfitted the reef into a military bastion, with an airfield and landing strip.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts. Anything considered as a defence against something perceived or presented as a threat; (now esp.) an institution, place, or person strongly maintaining particular principles, attitudes, behaviours, etc., in the face of opposition or change; a stronghold of a particular belief, practice, etc. Frequently in last bastion (of). Cf. bulwark n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates 418 The Marquisat and Romagnia haue for a rampire and bastion [Fr. bastion], on this side Sclauonia, and on the other the two Siciles.

1679 Established Test 27 The frontier and Bastion of the Protestant Religion.

1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 246 They build each other up..As bastions set point-blank against God's will.

1828 St. James's Chron. 25 Oct. To perish as martyrs behind the last bastion of our rights.

1951 Robstown (Texas) Record 14 June ii. 3/2 A war-torn world that is looking to America as the last bastion of hope in this atomic age.

2018 Times (Nexis) 31 Oct. 2 Efforts by the Foreign Office to..dismantle its image as a bastion of white male privilege.

4. A projecting spur or steep ridge of natural rock resembling a bastion of a fortification.

ΚΠ

1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. i. 37 The ascent [to the summit of Table Mountain] lies through a deep chasm that divides the curtain from the left bastion. The length of this ravine is about three-fourths of a mile.

1845 J. H. Ingraham Forrestal x. 127 He now looked along the jutting bastions of the reef for something that resembled a light-house.

1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch i. iv. 46 A long skerry at whose outermost end a rounded bastion of rock stood up above the stones.

2012 D. Bailey Great Mountain Days in Scotl. 71 Among the hills A' Mhaighdean takes top billing, a rocky bastion rising at the head of the remarkable mountain trench of Carnmore to offer some of the most inspiring views of any Scottish summit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bastionv.

Brit.

/ˈbastɪən/, U.S.

/ˈbæstʃən/,

/ˈbæstiən/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bastion n.

Etymology: < bastion n.Compare French †bastionner (1611 in Cotgrave; rare).

†1. transitive. To furnish (something) with a bastion or bastions (bastion n. 2). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > furnish with specific protective device or substance

bastion1654

cushion1836

rod1877

mask1916

1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders ii. iv. 240 The Enemy had likewise very well bastion'd [It. fiancheggiato] the walls.

1817 J. M. O'Connor tr. S. F. G. de Vernon Treat. Sci. War & Fortification II. iii. vi. 209 He obtained others by bastioning the curtain and constructing casemates for two more pieces [of cannon] under the small flank.

1914 E. H. Sears Son of Prefect xxi. 204 A puny band of Romans scarped and bastioned the hills beside the Tiber.

2. transitive. figurative and in extended use: to shelter, protect, or strengthen (something), in the manner of a bastion (bastion n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase in strength or force

afforce1425

forcec1430

reforcec1450

fortify1470

reinforcec1485

stiffen?a1500

strengthen1548

toughen1582

invigorate1646

hardena1677

recruit1678

emphasize1800

bastion1822

beef1941

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 46 This firmament pavilioned upon chaos..Whose outwall, bastioned impregnably Against the escape of boldest thoughts, repels them As Calpe the Atlantic clouds.

1826 M. W. Shelley Last Man II. ii. 26 The city, bastioned by the sea, and the ivy-mantled walls of the Greek emperors, was all of Europe the Mahometans could call theirs.

1954 Jewish Exponent 15 Jan. 14/1 Bastioning the Middle East against possible Soviet incursions.

1987 Princeton Univ. Libr. Chron. 48 228 These Fujiwara were instrumental..in bastioning Shōmu's rule.

2017 L. Brake in J. Shattock Journalism & Periodical Press in 19th-cent. Brit. i. iv. 49 The articles' authority was enhanced by anonymity or pseudonymity that bastioned the ‘brand’ of the journal title as guarantor of quality.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bastion
释义	bastionn. Brit. /ˈbastɪən/, U.S. /ˈbæstʃən/, /ˈbæstiən/ Forms: 1500s bastyon, 1500s– bastion, 1600s bastione, 1600s bastyone. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bastion. Etymology: < Middle French, French bastion (15th or early 16th cent.; also frequently in extended use) < Italian bastione (15th cent.) < bastia small square fortress (13th cent.; < bastita , past participle of bastire to build, construct (see baste v.¹), with loss of intervocalic -t- characteristic of southern Italy) + -one -oon suffix. Compare bastide n.Compare post-classical Latin bastionus (1447 in an Italian source), and also German Bastion (1537; < French). With Italian bastia compare post-classical Latin bastia (1238, 1289 in Italian sources), Middle French bastie (1429). †1. A fortified structure or encampment constructed by a besieging army. Cf. bastille n. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1523 R. Wingfield Let. 15 Jan. (BL Cotton Galba B.vii) ff. 230-230^v Th[e Emperor]..on the sy[de] towarde the see hath maade such a bastyon so that..[the besieged] are therby Remevyd from hoope. 1535 P. Rede Let. 27 Sept. in State Papers Henry VIII P.R.O.: SP 1/97 f. 112 From ye xvij day off June vn to ye xiv day off July in makyng of trenches fossys & Bastions for ye saue gard off hys host. 2. a. A projecting part of a fortification, shaped so as to allow defensive fire in several directions and typically located at an angle or corner of the main defences.Bastions may be round or polygonal; the most typical form is an irregular pentagon, the two longest sides of which (the faces (face n. 18b)) form the salient angle of the work (cf. salient adj. 4), the side walls or flanks (flank n.¹ 7) being somewhat shorter, while the gorge (gorge n.¹ 6) forms the remaining side of the pentagon. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > bastion bastion1546 jetty1550 pommel1687 demi-bastion1695 moineau1704 hollow-bastion1706 empty bastion1711 roundel1843 bastionet1847 1546 P. G. Luty Let. 12 June in State Papers Henry VIII P.R.O.: SP 1/220 f. 85 Their purpose to reyse vp in sufficiency the wall and bastion over ageynst the markett place. 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 14 This small City, flanked with five good Bastions. 1759 tr. G. Le Blond Mil. Engineer II. 93 Center of the bastion, is the point where the prolongments of the two neighbouring curtains intersect. 1812 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) IX. 27 To breach the face of Bastion at the south east angle of the fort. 1920 Times 25 May 34/3 In 1519 the Portuguese occupied Malé for a short time, and in 1554 built there a fort with bastions which they mounted with numerous cannon. 2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 June Visitors can walk on the fort walls where four bastions have been converted into themed gardens. b. In extended use. Any defended or fortified place or position; esp. a military stronghold or outpost. ΚΠ 1853 Leisure Hour 27 Jan. 67/1 The mountain people entrenched there in 1560..and the ruins of their ponderous bastion were yet on the rocky slope. 1918 Queensland Times 7 Oct. 5/6 Gen. Goraud's left wing..occupies a line outflanking Neron Villers heights, which is the main bastion of the German front in the Champagne. 1942 Daily Mail 8 May 1/6 South African troops and American units..are pouring into the base..to consolidate it as a British naval bastion. 2018 Philippines Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 9 Nov. China has brazenly outfitted the reef into a military bastion, with an airfield and landing strip. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts. Anything considered as a defence against something perceived or presented as a threat; (now esp.) an institution, place, or person strongly maintaining particular principles, attitudes, behaviours, etc., in the face of opposition or change; a stronghold of a particular belief, practice, etc. Frequently in last bastion (of). Cf. bulwark n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates 418 The Marquisat and Romagnia haue for a rampire and bastion [Fr. bastion], on this side Sclauonia, and on the other the two Siciles. 1679 Established Test 27 The frontier and Bastion of the Protestant Religion. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 246 They build each other up..As bastions set point-blank against God's will. 1828 St. James's Chron. 25 Oct. To perish as martyrs behind the last bastion of our rights. 1951 Robstown (Texas) Record 14 June ii. 3/2 A war-torn world that is looking to America as the last bastion of hope in this atomic age. 2018 Times (Nexis) 31 Oct. 2 Efforts by the Foreign Office to..dismantle its image as a bastion of white male privilege. 4. A projecting spur or steep ridge of natural rock resembling a bastion of a fortification. ΚΠ 1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. i. 37 The ascent [to the summit of Table Mountain] lies through a deep chasm that divides the curtain from the left bastion. The length of this ravine is about three-fourths of a mile. 1845 J. H. Ingraham Forrestal x. 127 He now looked along the jutting bastions of the reef for something that resembled a light-house. 1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch i. iv. 46 A long skerry at whose outermost end a rounded bastion of rock stood up above the stones. 2012 D. Bailey Great Mountain Days in Scotl. 71 Among the hills A' Mhaighdean takes top billing, a rocky bastion rising at the head of the remarkable mountain trench of Carnmore to offer some of the most inspiring views of any Scottish summit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bastionv. Brit. /ˈbastɪən/, U.S. /ˈbæstʃən/, /ˈbæstiən/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bastion n. Etymology: < bastion n.Compare French †bastionner (1611 in Cotgrave; rare). †1. transitive. To furnish (something) with a bastion or bastions (bastion n. 2). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > furnish with specific protective device or substance bastion1654 cushion1836 rod1877 mask1916 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders ii. iv. 240 The Enemy had likewise very well bastion'd [It. fiancheggiato] the walls. 1817 J. M. O'Connor tr. S. F. G. de Vernon Treat. Sci. War & Fortification II. iii. vi. 209 He obtained others by bastioning the curtain and constructing casemates for two more pieces [of cannon] under the small flank. 1914 E. H. Sears Son of Prefect xxi. 204 A puny band of Romans scarped and bastioned the hills beside the Tiber. 2. transitive. figurative and in extended use: to shelter, protect, or strengthen (something), in the manner of a bastion (bastion n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase in strength or force afforce1425 forcec1430 reforcec1450 fortify1470 reinforcec1485 stiffen?a1500 strengthen1548 toughen1582 invigorate1646 hardena1677 recruit1678 emphasize1800 bastion1822 beef1941 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 46 This firmament pavilioned upon chaos..Whose outwall, bastioned impregnably Against the escape of boldest thoughts, repels them As Calpe the Atlantic clouds. 1826 M. W. Shelley Last Man II. ii. 26 The city, bastioned by the sea, and the ivy-mantled walls of the Greek emperors, was all of Europe the Mahometans could call theirs. 1954 Jewish Exponent 15 Jan. 14/1 Bastioning the Middle East against possible Soviet incursions. 1987 Princeton Univ. Libr. Chron. 48 228 These Fujiwara were instrumental..in bastioning Shōmu's rule. 2017 L. Brake in J. Shattock Journalism & Periodical Press in 19th-cent. Brit. i. iv. 49 The articles' authority was enhanced by anonymity or pseudonymity that bastioned the ‘brand’ of the journal title as guarantor of quality. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1523v.1654
随便看	beyond reach beyond reach of beyond reasonable doubt beyond recall beyond reclaim beyond recovery beyond redemption beyond repair beyond reproach beyond retrieval beyond retrieve beyond revoke beyond sea beyond seas beyond sundown beyond the beltway beyond the call of duty beyond the common beyond the memory beyond the memory of beyond the moon beyond the nock beyond the pale beyond the pale of beyond the rate