patinan.

Brit.

/ˈpatᵻnə/, U.S.

/pəˈtinə/

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian patina; Latin patina.

Etymology: In sense 1 probably < Italian patina sheen acquired by certain works of art with age (1681 as †patena ), greenish film produced on the surface of copper (a1696) < classical Latin patina broad shallow dish or pan, also prepared food contained in such a dish (see paten n.); the sense development in Italian is probably on account of the film that forms in a copper pan after prolonged use. In sense 2 directly < classical Latin patina (see above). With sense 1 compare ( < Italian) German Patina greenish film produced on the surface of copper (1762), French patine greenish film produced on the surface of copper (1765), grime that accumulates on old pictures (1842), sheen acquired by certain works of art with age (1852).

a. A thin coating or layer; spec. an incrustation on the surface of metal or stone, usually as a result of an extended period of weathering or burial; a green or bluish-green film produced naturally or artificially by oxidation on the surface of bronze and copper, consisting mainly of basic copper sulphate (cf. verdigris n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > patina

patina1748

patine1883

1748 H. Walpole Let. 6 Oct. in Corr. (1974) XXXVII. 297 I wish you could see him making squibs.., and bronzed over with a patina of gunpowder.

1797 Monthly Mag. 3 509 The vase is of bronze, covered by a patina of very fine green.

1861 Philos. Trans. 1860 (Royal Soc.) 150 312 The incrustations upon some of the worked flints (identical with that upon the other flints in the same bed, a really antique patina).

1876 G. D. Mathews Coinages of World Introd. 5 The thin green coating..called the patina, which occurs on coins which have been long buried.

1892 W. Pater Wks. (1901) VIII. 227 The old black front, with its inestimable patina of ancient smoke and weather and natural decay.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xx. 524 Ordinary moist air produces a coating (patina) of green basic sulphate upon the surface..with a small amount of basic carbonate present.

1967 Brain 90 150 Water..is delivered by copper pipes and can have a relatively high concentration particularly when the pipes have not been coated by the patina of long use.

1990 Antique Collector May 109/1 Many original bronzes have been overcleaned, their original patina removed and artificially replaced.

2002 Hist. Scotl. Jan. 49/1 A stone from an excavation..in South Uist which has a patina where the sweat of Iron Age users had adhered to its surface.

b. A gloss or sheen; spec. that on wooden furniture produced by age and polishing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > reflection > [noun] > lustre or shine from reflected light

orientness1519

lustrec1522

gloss1538

brightshine1573

shine1601

sheen1604

polishing1611

polish1629

oriencya1651

glare1658

glossiness1680

nitency1768

varnish1841

burnishing1851

orience1858

shininess1872

patina1931

1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xxii. 243 The sloping lawn had a faint sheen, a patina like silver.

1938 Amer. Home Oct. 56/2 The lovely finish of old silver which one sees in museums, and which is comparable to the patina of fine old furniture, is the result of use.

1967 N. Mailer Cannibals & Christians i. 13 It gives them all a high instant patina, their skin responding to the call of the wild.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 Oct. ii. 25/2 (caption) The unpolished surface of a quartz crystal offers a striking contrast to the lustrous patina of a Regency rosewood chiffonier.

c. figurative. An acquired accretion of an abstract quality; a superficial impression or appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance

shroudc1175

frontc1374

appearancec1384

countenance?c1425

fard1540

show1547

habit1549

outside1578

glimpse1579

superficies?1589

species1598

out-term1602

paint1608

surface1613

superfice1615

umbrage1639

superficials1652

semblance1843

outer womana1845

outward man1846

patina1957

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > laid open to view > acquired superficial covering or appearance

patina1957

1933 H. Nicolson Diary 24 Feb. (1966) I. 140 He says what the Americans lack is patina. I say that not only have they no sense of the past: they have no sense of the future.

1957 R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy ix. 227 He develops a strong patina of resistance, a thick and solid skin for not taking notice.

1978 J. Thomson Question of Identity x. 97 The disorder was not a mere evening's untidiness. It had taken time to build up that rich patina of squalor.

2002 Field & Stream Jan. 21/1 The USFWS kept it in place for more than a decade while searching for another way to provide a patina of science for the overkill of ducks.

a. Roman Archaeology. A broad shallow dish or pan. Cf. patera n. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > shallow vessel or dish > specific types

balancea1522

cuvette1706

necromancer1747

holm-dish1771

patina1814

pan1843

coolamon1846

lanx1857

pitchi1896

1814 T. L. Peacock Sir Proteus ii. 11 A man..who..shall be entombed in some mighty culinary utensil, vast as the patina of Vitellius, or the fish-kettle of Domitian.

1857 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 317 The patina was flat, and held soup; and was the generic name for a dish.

1874 A. Rich Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 366/1 The lagena..which the stork in the fable..puts before Reynard the fox, in return for his tantalising her with an invitation to eat out of a patina.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. ii. 23 A rather deeper two-handled dish (perhaps a patina); and the round or oval Roman frying pan.

†b. Christian Church. A paten. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > paten > [noun]

patenlOE

platena1450

patel1548

bread plate1608

bread bowl1638

altar plate1647

patera1658

offertory1672

patina1868

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 85 The patina and chalice were taken from his hands.

1870 G. A. Townsend New World Compared with Old 48 The Bishops..carried the patina, chalice, and Bible.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	patina
释义	patinan. Brit. /ˈpatᵻnə/, U.S. /pəˈtinə/ Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian patina; Latin patina. Etymology: In sense 1 probably < Italian patina sheen acquired by certain works of art with age (1681 as †patena ), greenish film produced on the surface of copper (a1696) < classical Latin patina broad shallow dish or pan, also prepared food contained in such a dish (see paten n.); the sense development in Italian is probably on account of the film that forms in a copper pan after prolonged use. In sense 2 directly < classical Latin patina (see above). With sense 1 compare ( < Italian) German Patina greenish film produced on the surface of copper (1762), French patine greenish film produced on the surface of copper (1765), grime that accumulates on old pictures (1842), sheen acquired by certain works of art with age (1852). 1. a. A thin coating or layer; spec. an incrustation on the surface of metal or stone, usually as a result of an extended period of weathering or burial; a green or bluish-green film produced naturally or artificially by oxidation on the surface of bronze and copper, consisting mainly of basic copper sulphate (cf. verdigris n.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > patina patina1748 patine1883 1748 H. Walpole Let. 6 Oct. in Corr. (1974) XXXVII. 297 I wish you could see him making squibs.., and bronzed over with a patina of gunpowder. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 509 The vase is of bronze, covered by a patina of very fine green. 1861 Philos. Trans. 1860 (Royal Soc.) 150 312 The incrustations upon some of the worked flints (identical with that upon the other flints in the same bed, a really antique patina). 1876 G. D. Mathews Coinages of World Introd. 5 The thin green coating..called the patina, which occurs on coins which have been long buried. 1892 W. Pater Wks. (1901) VIII. 227 The old black front, with its inestimable patina of ancient smoke and weather and natural decay. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xx. 524 Ordinary moist air produces a coating (patina) of green basic sulphate upon the surface..with a small amount of basic carbonate present. 1967 Brain 90 150 Water..is delivered by copper pipes and can have a relatively high concentration particularly when the pipes have not been coated by the patina of long use. 1990 Antique Collector May 109/1 Many original bronzes have been overcleaned, their original patina removed and artificially replaced. 2002 Hist. Scotl. Jan. 49/1 A stone from an excavation..in South Uist which has a patina where the sweat of Iron Age users had adhered to its surface. b. A gloss or sheen; spec. that on wooden furniture produced by age and polishing. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > reflection > [noun] > lustre or shine from reflected light orientness1519 lustrec1522 gloss1538 brightshine1573 shine1601 sheen1604 polishing1611 polish1629 oriencya1651 glare1658 glossiness1680 nitency1768 varnish1841 burnishing1851 orience1858 shininess1872 patina1931 1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xxii. 243 The sloping lawn had a faint sheen, a patina like silver. 1938 Amer. Home Oct. 56/2 The lovely finish of old silver which one sees in museums, and which is comparable to the patina of fine old furniture, is the result of use. 1967 N. Mailer Cannibals & Christians i. 13 It gives them all a high instant patina, their skin responding to the call of the wild. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 Oct. ii. 25/2 (caption) The unpolished surface of a quartz crystal offers a striking contrast to the lustrous patina of a Regency rosewood chiffonier. c. figurative. An acquired accretion of an abstract quality; a superficial impression or appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance shroudc1175 frontc1374 appearancec1384 countenance?c1425 fard1540 show1547 habit1549 outside1578 glimpse1579 superficies?1589 species1598 out-term1602 paint1608 surface1613 superfice1615 umbrage1639 superficials1652 semblance1843 outer womana1845 outward man1846 patina1957 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > laid open to view > acquired superficial covering or appearance patina1957 1933 H. Nicolson Diary 24 Feb. (1966) I. 140 He says what the Americans lack is patina. I say that not only have they no sense of the past: they have no sense of the future. 1957 R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy ix. 227 He develops a strong patina of resistance, a thick and solid skin for not taking notice. 1978 J. Thomson Question of Identity x. 97 The disorder was not a mere evening's untidiness. It had taken time to build up that rich patina of squalor. 2002 Field & Stream Jan. 21/1 The USFWS kept it in place for more than a decade while searching for another way to provide a patina of science for the overkill of ducks. 2. a. Roman Archaeology. A broad shallow dish or pan. Cf. patera n. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > shallow vessel or dish > specific types balancea1522 cuvette1706 necromancer1747 holm-dish1771 patina1814 pan1843 coolamon1846 lanx1857 pitchi1896 1814 T. L. Peacock Sir Proteus ii. 11 A man..who..shall be entombed in some mighty culinary utensil, vast as the patina of Vitellius, or the fish-kettle of Domitian. 1857 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 317 The patina was flat, and held soup; and was the generic name for a dish. 1874 A. Rich Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 366/1 The lagena..which the stork in the fable..puts before Reynard the fox, in return for his tantalising her with an invitation to eat out of a patina. 1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. ii. 23 A rather deeper two-handled dish (perhaps a patina); and the round or oval Roman frying pan. †b. Christian Church. A paten. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > paten > [noun] patenlOE platena1450 patel1548 bread plate1608 bread bowl1638 altar plate1647 patera1658 offertory1672 patina1868 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 85 The patina and chalice were taken from his hands. 1870 G. A. Townsend New World Compared with Old 48 The Bishops..carried the patina, chalice, and Bible. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1748
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