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单词 peat
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peatn.1

Brit. /piːt/, U.S. /pit/
Forms: Middle English–1500s pete, Middle English–1600s pet, 1500s peatt, 1500s pett, 1500s–1600s peate, 1500s– peat; English regional (northern) 1800s peeate, 1800s– peeat, 1800s– peet; Scottish pre-1700 pet, pre-1700 pette, pre-1700 1700s peatt, pre-1700 1700s peitt, pre-1700 1700s pett, pre-1700 1700s pit, pre-1700 1700s– peat, pre-1700 1700s– peet, pre-1700 1800s pete, pre-1700 1800s– peit, pre-1700 1900s– pait, pre-1700 1900s– peyt, pre-1700 1900s– piet (now northern), 1700s pite, 1700s pitt, 1700s pitte, 1700s (1800s– Orkney and Shetland) pate, 1800s peht, 1800s– paet (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s– paete. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English pett, Middle English–1500s peet.
Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown; perhaps a borrowing of an unattested Pictish or British word, perhaps < the same Celtic base as the suggested etymon of post-classical Latin petia piece n. (on the assumption that the semantic development was from ‘piece’ to ‘piece of peat’ to ‘peat’). Compare post-classical Latin peta (frequently 1159–1545 in British sources), apparently either < a Celtic language or < English (compare similarly turba turf: see turf n.1).Earlier currency of the English word is implied by place names (e.g. Petepottes , c1200 in Cumberland (compare peat pot n.1), Pethuneshake, c1200 in Durham (probably literally ‘oak by the peat moss’), Peith and Peet, 1202 and 1291 in Essex) and surnames (e.g. Peter atte Peat, 1326).
1. As a count noun.
a. Chiefly Scottish. A piece of peat which has been cut, typically in the shape of a brick, for use as fuel. See note at turf n.1 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > turf or peat
turfc1300
peat1333
turbaryc1450
turf1510
moor-coal1562
peat moss1775
bear's-muck1784
vag1796
breast-peat1802
gathering-peat1825
sod1825
bat1846
flight1847
mump1887
1333 Patent Roll, 7 Edw. III P.R.O. i. m. 24 Redditum octo carectarum turbarum que dicuntur petes cum pert' in Skypwyth.
c1400 Acts. Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 339/2 Na man aw to punde..þaim at bryngis wodd or petys bot for wodd or petys.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 39 Chastise þe rebell in charite..Ȝe thar not counte hem at o pete.
1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 344 Item, for petis and colis to the schip..viijs. vjd.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 75 Oftentimes in diggin in this Mosse..for Petes or Turves they finde the hole Trees.
1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) With Peittis, with Turuis, and mony turse of Hedder.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 182 Those that are first cut vp, are called Turffes of the vpper part, and such as are taken downward, are called Peates.
1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 300 It does now afford good Peats.
1721 A. Ramsay Poems I. 293 This Sang he made frae his ain Head, And eke The auld Man's Mare she's dead, Tho Peets and Tures and a's to lead, O fy upon her!
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 150 I often wish there was a het peat doun their throats.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xviii. 303 I asked you to bring one peat, and of course you brought two.
1939 ‘F. O'Brien’ At Swim-Two-Birds 159 The fire was tended with black peats.
1990 T. McEwen McX (1991) iv. 165 Isnae he going to cook that? asks Totemic Smith, annoyed. Well he cannae get his peats goin you see, says the Aunt. It's the damp.
b. A piece of turf; a sod. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod
turfc725
flagc1440
clot1460
soda1475
shirrel1513
ploud1535
peat1570
clod1594
roughhead1631
pare1651
scurf1708
flaw1811
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Riii/2 A Peate, cespes.
1612 T. Heywood Apol. for Actors i. 22 Of turfe and heathy sods to make their seates, Framed, in degrees, of earth and mossy peates.
a1657 G. Daniel Ecloges in Poems (1878) II. 149 Their Corps are Covered with green Peats, The place full sett with flowers.
1898 W. S. Gilbert Bab Ballads 417 At night, when all around is still, You'll find him pounding up a hill; And shrieking peasants whom he meets, Fall down in terror on the peats!
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iv. ii. 238 The marshes were at an end, dying away into dead peats and wide flats of dry cracked mud.
2. A firm brown deposit resembling soil, formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter in the wet acidic conditions of bogs and fens, and often cut out and dried for use as fuel and in gardening.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > peat or peaty soil
peat1400
turbaryc1450
turf1510
moor1596
moor earth1607
bog-earth1787
yarpha1805
pegasse1825
bog-mould1834
1400 Charter Edinb. Reg. House Honess No. 1 Wyth al profitis..in boscis..in moris..with pet and turf.
1428 in W. Fraser Memorials Family Wemyss (1888) II. 56 To wyn and ger laboure..turfe pete and hathir..quharsumeuir thai may be fundin wythin the said landis.
1530 in W. C. Dickinson Court Bk. Barony of Carnwath (1937) 128 Chargin nane to cast elding twrf nor peit but laufull leif..optenit.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §775 Turfe and Peat and Cow-sheards are cheape Fuel.
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw i. 2 An unctuous bituminous earth, which the country People cut.., making Turfe, and Peate thereof.
1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xviii. 84 In digging of Peat, there have been found Fir-Trees of a good Magnitude.
1803 Trans. Highl. Soc. Scotl. 2 3 Peat is a word used in Scotland and the north of England, but seldom to be found, till of late years, in English authors.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 233 Accumulations of partially decomposed vegetable matter form the substance known as peat or turf.
1955 R. S. Thomas Song at Year's Turning 77 This is the land where they burn peat.
1990 Forestry 63 14 The seedlings..were repotted in buckets of moist peat.
3. A dark brown colour resembling that of peat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > dark brown
burneta1450
chocolate colour1729
chocolate-brown1766
chocolate1785
mocha1895
mocha brown1895
nigger1914
nigger-brown1915
tête de nègre1916
cocoa1923
charcoal brown1959
peat1971
1971 Homes & Gardens Sept. 84 Quite a lot of dark browns (anything from donkey to peat.)
1975 Times 7 Oct. 11/4 Long-sleeve sweater..in colours loganberry, peat, brown, and mid-blue.
1978 Country Life 16 Nov. 1685/1 There is nothing brash about Biba colours. Moss, peat, [etc.].
2003 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram 23 Dec. a6 The shallow pool also changes colour, running from peat into a light, almost brassy copper colour.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive.
peat barrow n.
ΚΠ
1824 T. Carlyle in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) III. 185 Ploughs like peat-barrows.
1988 J. Purseglove Taming Flood ii. 34 His body was wheeled off in a peat barrow and cremated in the local brick kiln.
peat bed n.
ΚΠ
1823 J. L. Williams Jrnl. in Florida Hist. Q. (1908) 1 37 In a few places on the peninsula pea [sic] beds have been discovered enveloping small cypress roots and stumps.
1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xiii. 406 The peat-beds..were in some places several feet thick.
1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) May 12/1 The original site was filled to bursting with specimen broadleafs, peat beds and troughs of diminutive alpines.
peat brick n.
ΚΠ
1897 R. Munro Prehist. Probl. 254 A machine for making peat-bricks.
1953 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 12 179 The delivery to a peat-brick factory of two steam dryers.
1997 D. Nicholas Later Medieval City, 1300–1500 vii. 256 The city donated peat bricks for fuel to thirty-two foundations.
peat charcoal n.
ΚΠ
1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 353/1 Incorporating pitch or rosin melted in a cauldron with as much of the peat-charcoal ground to powder as will form a tough doughy mass, which is then moulded into bricks.
1870 (title) On the Economical Production of Peat and Peat-Charcoal.
1991 Times (Nexis) 29 May Peat charcoal incorporated in the pottery fragments analysed predates their manufacture.
peat coke n.
ΚΠ
1848 R. C. Taylor Statistics of Coal 386 When properly compressed, two tons of peat coke occupy no more space than one of charcoal.
1911 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 43 662 The uses of peat..are worth considering, but especially the use of peat coke in relation to the iron industry.
1979 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 2: Eastern Europe (BBC) EE/6183/C/3 The visitors will be shown two peat power plants and a peat coke plant.
peat-creel n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > for carrying > carried on the back > specific for peat
peat-creel1579
kish1780
1579 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 192 Breking of thair peit creillis and sleddis.
1657 in W. Cramond Ann. Cullen (1888) 46 All..havand horses peatcreills and carts sall meit..to convey the said bailȝies to the saids mosses.
1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 143 My daddy left me gear enough—A muck fork, and an auld peat-creel.
1806 H. H. Brackenridge Gazette 243 I leught and ca'd him a daft chiel, And thought his head in a peat creel.
1932 D. Campbell Bamboozled 11 It wad aye help tae hod a daud o' torn paper abeen the peat-creel in ma kitchen.
peat dealer n.
ΚΠ
1854 Census 1851 138 (table) Peat..dealer.
1912 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles (rev. ed.) x. 76 Most of them had gone to what they called a private little jig at the house of a hay-trusser and peat-dealer who had transactions with their farm.
2002 Observer (Nexis) 17 Mar. 62 There is a demand for peat but mainly because that demand has been created and fed by peat dealers.
peat-ditch n.
ΚΠ
1863 New Amer. Cycl. XVI. 276/2 In the United States the most common is the sweet-scented water lily or pond lily..found in great abundance in muddy ponds and peat ditches of New England.
1903 G. W. Hartley Wild Sport i. 11 Jumping in and out of crumbling peat-ditches.
peat earth n.
ΚΠ
1386 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 10 In muris..in feildis in peteerde in colehuch in mylnis [etc.].
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 114 The said Trees are..found very seldom unless in this Peat-Earth.
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) July xviii. 84 I shall proceed to give an Account of the Nature of this Peat Earth.
1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 162 Rotten wood is well known to emit light spontaneously. Peat earth also has the same property.
2002 Malay Mail (Nexis) 16 Mar. The fires are burning deep in the peat earth.
peat fire n.
ΚΠ
1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xvi. 40 My Landlady sat..by a little Peat Fire, in the Middle of the Hutt.
1872 C. L. Bloxham Metals 259 The article to be gilded, after being heated to redness in a charcoal or peat fire and cooled slowly.
1996 M. Lally Cant Be Wrong 114 Peat fire in the kitchen heating stove, and the best chair, closest to the heat, to be my place.
peat fuel n.
ΚΠ
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon iv. 109 Digging and curing peat-fuel upon Dartmoor.
1866 S. W. Johnson Peat & its Uses 105 In estimating the value and cost of peat fuel, it must be remembered that peat shrinks greatly in drying, so that three to five cords of fresh peat yield but one cord of dry peat.
1999 J. C. Kennedy tr. J. C. H. Blom & E. Lamberts Hist. of Low Countries iii. 76 Holland had a natural advantage in brewing beer, since the ingredients necessary for its production—barley, oats, water, hops and peat fuel—were available from nearby sources.
peat gas n.
ΚΠ
1866 S. W. Johnson Peat & its Uses 166 The chief impurity of peat-gas is carbonic acid.
1995 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 351 252 In static mode the sampler was left for 24 h or more with no flow through it to allow the peat gases to reach near-equilibrium with the carrier gas.
peat ground n.
ΚΠ
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) July xviii. 83 About Newbury in Berkshire, I think I saw the greatest Peat Ground in England, I mean where they burn the most Peat in Heaps Abroad.
1817 Niles' Reg. 12 99/1 The deputy surveyors are required to note..all lakes, ponds, swamps, peat or turf grounds [etc.].
1986 Sunday Express Mag. 24 Aug. 31/3 On Islay the malted barley is dried out over peat fires and ‘mashed’ with water which flows through peat ground.
peat knife n.
ΚΠ
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 64 Oars, scythes, harpoons,..peatknives, and hayforks.
1990 Sunday Times (Nexis) 18 Mar. We also loved using the peat knife that looked like a spade with only half a blade.
peat-land n.
ΚΠ
1559–60 in G. S. Pryde Ayr Burgh Accts. (1937) 32 The pete landis of Gawblair.
1838 H. Colman 1st Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 74 In Rowley the yield of peat land is rated at [$25 per acre].
1994 Scotland's Nat. Heritage June 12/1 The common grazings include a variety of peatlands with heather, crags, burns, shrubs and trees.
peat marsh n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > peat-bog
turf-graft1313
turbary1363
peat mire1431
peat moss1505
peatbog1550
flow-mossc1565
cess1636
peat marsh1723
yarpha1805
peat moor1821
flow bog1831
raised bog1891
mire1946
raised mire1968
1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 82 The squamose Covers of the Germina or Buds..are found in..many Peat Marshes.
1868 Amer. Nat. 2 149 If sand prevailed, a broadly rounded embankment is formed, just such as we should expect from such material; and where a peat marsh extends out into the land.
1993 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 344 74 In non-marine sediments sulphate commonly is absent and thus the principal anoxic process is methanogenesis, as exemplified in peat-marsh environments.
peat moor n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > peat-bog
turf-graft1313
turbary1363
peat mire1431
peat moss1505
peatbog1550
flow-mossc1565
cess1636
peat marsh1723
yarpha1805
peat moor1821
flow bog1831
raised bog1891
mire1946
raised mire1968
c1420 Liber de Calchou 162 Monachis communam petamore.]
1821 R. Anstice Trans. Geol. Soc. v. 611 Teeth of some unknown carnivorous animal have been found in the water course of a peat moor.
1901 Bot. Gaz. 31 77 In water content these societies were very different, the peat moor or bog being hydrophytic and the heath xerophytic.
2000 Jrnl. Applied Ecol. 37 1042/2 Experimental assessment of..aftermath grazing on the vegetation of meadows on a Somerset peat moor.
peat mould n.
ΚΠ
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. ii. 32 Where the wall is so low that heath and bilberry plants have climbed over it from the moor; and peat mould almost buries it.
1975 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102 286/2 The peat mould, Chromelosporium ollare, and its misapplied names, Botrytis crystallina, Botrytis spectabilis, Ostracoderma epigaeum and Peziza atrovinosa.
peat mud n.
ΚΠ
1857 C. L. Flint Pract. Treat. Grasses & Forage Plants 211 Peat mud is a rich vegetable food, and if a small proportion of potash, or ashes, be added, it is valuable as manure.
1883 Harper's Mag. June 121/1 I confess having felt a..reluctance to immerse myself in this malebolgian mass of peat mud.
1977 T. Hughes Gaudete 82 Again Lumb knocks him down and the two men wallow pummelling, Plastered with peat-mud, under the downpour.
peat-pit n.
ΚΠ
1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 297 I have observ'd, that Peat-Pits, which have been digged, since I remember, to have grown up again with new Peats.
1757 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. III. 456 Concerning peat-pits dug in the fens.
1788 R. Twining Let. 18 July in Sel. Papers Twining Family (1887) 146 It is not climbing merely to look over a few streets, but over a whole country with all its towns, country houses, canals, peat-pits, [etc.].
1878 J. C. Southall Epoch of Mammoth 148 He inquired of a couple of men who were working at a peat-pit in this valley as to whether the peat was still growing.
2002 D. J. Charman Peatlands & Environmental change 241/2 The type of plant community that establishes is mainly dependent upon the water level within the peat pit.
peat-pulp n.
ΚΠ
1866 S. W. Johnson Peat & its Uses 129 The peat-pulp, thus purified, flows through wooden troughs into a series of basins, in which the peat is formed and dried.
1908 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 122/2 The latest development in the production of peat-pulp is being made in Sweden.
peat-smoke n.
ΚΠ
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xix. 284 Poor old Janet, bent double with age, and bleared with peat-smoke . View more context for this quotation
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. ix. [Scylla & Charybdis] 179 The peatsmoke is going to his head.
1997 T. Pynchon Mason & Dixon 517 More intense than the peat-smoke, the smell of Ozone prevails here.
peat soil n.
ΚΠ
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) Index 1206/2 Mitchelia [read Mitchella]..a diminutive creeper which grows in peat soil.
1920 F. W. Taussig Free Trade xi. 205 Potash is also needed for some crops in Ohio,..as well as the great areas of peat soils in all parts of the country.
1990 Birds Mag. Summer 22/2 Apart from our reserve on West Sedgemoor, only one other..has been established to date and critically this does not have peat soils.
peat-swamp n.
ΚΠ
1839 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. ix. 70 The inert, insoluble matter of peat-swamps is rendered soluble and enriching, by..manure.
1923 Bot. Gaz. 76 36 The specimens taken from a peat swamp were also persistently and conspicuously hirsute.
1992 D. J. Mabberley Trop. Rain Forest Ecol. (ed. 2) vi. 162 In the peat-swamp forest of Sarawak, the commercially important Gonystylus bancanus..is distributed by a small catfish.
peat wain n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1579 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 133 Thre peate waynes.
peat-water n.
ΚΠ
a1700 in J. Bruce Descr. Zetland (1908) 79 Here are many sterile pools in regard they are filled with peet water.
1865 J. F. Campbell Frost & Fire xxxviii. 151 From the bridge over the Conan, the movements of floats of white froth may be studied in the black peat water.
1982 Listener 23&30 Dec. 38/2 Black peat-water riffling; a turf-wadded hat.
b. Objective.
peat-caster n.
ΚΠ
1612 in R. S. Barclay Court Bk. Orkney & Shetland (1962) 27 For..aill to his peat casteris.
1877 G. Fraser Wigtown 378 A malevolent peat-caster..sent his spade through a partition of moss which had kept back the water.
1928 A. Stewart Highland Parish 50 The spades of the peat-casters.
peat-casting n.
ΚΠ
1657 in W. Cramond Ann. Cullen (1888) 46 Ilk persone to lead home..the peats castin by the saids people of Raphan and parishe.
a1866 W. Anderson Rhymes (1867) 210 So many days at sowing time, so many at peat-casting, and driving home.
1931 J. Nicolson Tales 41 When peat-cutting time came, it was the custom among the various crofters to have ‘peat castins’.
2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 10 Sept. 10 A career in fencing, peat-casting, dry-stane dyking, plastering, roofing and carpentry.
peat-cutter n.
ΚΠ
1758 Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 114 No body happened to be there at that time but the peat-cutters.
1854 Census 1851 138 (table) Peat..cutter.
1969 E. H. Pinto Treen 94/2 A peat cutter is a square-ended spade of normal length, with a right-angled, forward projecting blade at one side, like the breast plough.
1982 Listener 23 Dec. 17/1 His face has more of the peat-cutter's complexion about it than would be ideal in a sex symbol.
peat-cutting n.
ΚΠ
1827 Times 5 Sept. 1/6 Trench watering, navigation, turf or peat cutting, in short, every species of husbandry can be undertaken.
1901 Dundee Advertiser 23 Apr. 4 Numbers of crofter grazings have been spoiled..by ‘scalping’, irregular peat cutting,..and careless heather burning.
1990 Earth Matters Summer 2/1 90% of Fisons' peatcutting operations are on land designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
peat-digger n.
ΚΠ
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 I. 66 By the imprudence of the peat-diggers, who were continually working on that side [of the moss].
1894 A. Gordon Northward Ho! 202 The peat-digger was the most notorious carouser in Carglen.
1986 G. Clark Symbols of Excellence (BNC) 87 This..magnificent object was found by a peat-digger in dismantled condition.
peat-fitter n.
ΚΠ
1901 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 3/3 The charming peat-fitter smuggles him into a loft.
1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Peat-fitter, one who sets peats on end to dry.
peat-making n.
ΚΠ
1884 A. Campbell Rec. Argyll 310 The people would be all off at peat-making.
1909 Bot. Gaz. 40 390 During the changes which the accumulated plant material undergoes in the process of peat-making, there are alterations and reductions leading to gaseous and colloidal products.
c. Instrumental and parasynthetic.
peat-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii. 228 Peat-coloured streams splashed down these valleys.
1918 Jrnl. Ecol. 6 102 The sub-peat also is much less distinct, though with very rare exceptions a dark peat-coloured layer rich in acid humus occurs.
1988 J. Purseglove Taming Flood i. 5 It [sc. the claret dun nymph] is peat-coloured, and its gills both camouflage it by breaking up its outline and enable it to breathe in still water.
peat-roofed adj.
ΚΠ
1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich vi. 36 Cottages..Peat-roofed, windowless, white.
1962 R. Ruark Uhuru v. ii. 436 He dismounted from the Rover and opened the door of the peat-roofed cottage he now called home.
2002 Scotsman (Nexis) 7 Sept. 15 The old, peat-roofed houses and government buildings of the bay area are a hangover from the islands' Viking days.
peat-smoked adj.
ΚΠ
1850 Times 19 Oct. 11/1 Bacon... Rich flavoured peat smoked..by the whole or half side.
1896 N. Munro Lost Pibroch 19 The step-mother..with hate in her peat-smoked face.
2002 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 Sept. 9 Plenty of restaurants offer smaller main courses. The peat-smoked whisky ribs were a case in point.
peat-stained adj.
ΚΠ
1854 H. N. Oxenham Kaires & Poems xl. 103 Whose peat-stained walls dank shrubs are bending o'er.
1943 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 73 85/1 Hanging from a peat-stained beam beside the fire there was also an iron, ‘cruise’ or oil lamp.
1992 Climber & Hill Walker (BNC) Aug. 33 I recommend you pick reasonably dry conditions for scrambling up these cloughs, unless you have a penchant for floundering through dark, peat-stained raging torrents.
d. Similative.
peat-black adj.
ΚΠ
1961 R. S. Thomas Tares 35 Nerves strengthened with tea, Peat-black.
2000 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. (Nexis) 16 Dec. 1 Maintenance workers began digging around an underground sewer line and discovered peat-black soil, a telltale sign of a sewage leak.
peat-brown adj. and n.
ΚΠ
1877 Littell's Living Age 18 Aug. 413/2 The peat-brown burn that coursed through the heart of the glen.
1962 D. Francis Dead Cert xv. 173 My suit was a filthy peat-brown.
1997 J. Hooker Our Lady of Europe l. 12 Rowan berries reddening among leafy branches in peat-brown water.
C2.
peat ash n. the ash of burnt peat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ashes or cinders > specific ashes
soap-ashes?1520
gravelled ashes1579
bone ash1594
cupel-dusta1626
polverine1662
peat ash1669
kelp1679
clar1683
cupel-ashes1683
wood-ash1748
bone earth1770
kelp-ashes1834
white ash1837
weed ash1841
fly ash1931
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 69 Turf and Peat-ashes must needs be very rich.
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) July ii. 14 You may sow ten Bushels of Peat-ashes over each Acre.
1898 Harper's Mag. Dec. 76/1 From a cranny in the peat ash a smouldering flame looked out comfortingly.
1989 R. Garfitt Given Ground 54 The dunes of peat ash, the skears of scraped-out shells, the gravel of animal bones, the flocks of sand.
peat-bank n. a bank from which pieces of peat are or have been cut.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > place to cut peats
peatery1810
peat-bank1887
1887 J. M. E. Saxby Lads of Lunda (1888) 198 A snow-wreath..filled one of the peat-banks, a pit some six feet deep.
1992 Orcadian 16 Apr. 6/2 (advt.) There are five acres of land at both sides of the road, as well as a walled garden and peatbank.
peatbog n. a bog composed of peat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > peat-bog
turf-graft1313
turbary1363
peat mire1431
peat moss1505
peatbog1550
flow-mossc1565
cess1636
peat marsh1723
yarpha1805
peat moor1821
flow bog1831
raised bog1891
mire1946
raised mire1968
1550–1 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1894) I. 26 Ly peit bog.
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 215 [Andromeda polifolia] Marsh Andromeda, or Marsh Rosemary. Anglis. In peat-bogs in the Lowlands not unfrequent.
1863 R. Fortune Visite Japan & China iii. 61 The soil in the valleys..resembles what we meet within a peat-bog in England.
1992 Earth Matters Autumn 7/3 The world's peatbogs contain between three and three and a half times as much carbon as all the world's tropical rainforests.
peat-coal n. a soft earthy kind of lignite.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]
coal1253
sea-coal1253
pit-coal1483
cannel1541
earth coala1552
horse coal1552
Newcastle coal1552
stone-coal1585
cannel coal1587
parrot1594
burn-coal1597
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
Welsh coala1618
land-coala1661
foot coal1665
peacock coal1686
rough coal1686
white coal1686
heathen-coalc1697
coal-stone1708
round1708
stone-coal1708
bench-coal1712
slipper coal1712
black coal1713
culm1742
rock coal1750
board coal1761
Bovey coal1761
house coal1784
mineral coal1785
splint1789
splint coal1789
jet coal1794
anthracite1797
wood-coal1799
blind-coal1802
black diamond1803
silk-coal1803
glance-coal1805
lignite1808
Welsh stone-coal1808
soft1811
spout coals1821
spouter1821
Wallsend1821
brown coal1833
paper coal1833
steam-coal1850
peat-coal1851
cherry-coal1853
household1854
sinter coal1854
oil coal1856
raker1857
Kilkenny coal1861
Pottery coal1867
silkstone1867
block coal1871
admiralty1877
rattlejack1877
bunker1883
fusain1883
smitham1883
bunker coal1885
triping1886
trolley coal1890
kibble1891
sea-borne1892
jet1893
steam1897
sack coal1898
Welsh1898
navigation coal1900
Coalite1906
clarain1919
durain1919
vitrain1919
single1921
kolm1930
hards1956
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > lignite
moor-coal1562
Bovey coal1761
surturbrand1761
wood-coal1799
lignite1808
brown coal1833
peat-coal1851
1851 Times 21 Apr. 9/1 The Company is established for the manufacture chiefly of peat coal.
1876 L. Phelps Educator 102 The beds of peatcoal found so extensively in England and Ireland, and some other parts of the world, are known to be of vegetable origin.
1993 Canad. Jrnl. Earth Sci. 30 1917/2 Individual peat-coal and clay layers within level N were generally between 6 and 30 cm thick.
peat cote n. Obsolete = peat house n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > place to store peats
peat house1338
peat cote1543
1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 39 My peat mosse at ye Stonyford bryge, and ye peat cote there bulded.
peat flannel n. now rare a type of flannel fabric incorporating peat fibre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > with open or loose texture > flannel > types of > other
plaina1600
red flannel1770
peat flannel1898
1898 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 187/2Peat flannel’—for so it is called—is a fine, delicately shaded flannel, containing a considerable portion of peat in its contexture.
peat-free adj. not covered with, or containing peat; (now esp., of compost or other gardening products) made without the use of peat so as to conserve peatbogs.
ΚΠ
1904 Geogr. Jrnl. 24 279 The dry peat-free slope..occupied by Nardus..yields to the wetter type of Eriophorum grass heath as the flat terrace is reached.
1994 BBC Vegetarian Good Food Aug. 20/4 Only peat-free garden compost will qualify under the EC's Ecolabelling scheme for environmentally friendly products.
peat hag n. a distinct expanse of peat surrounded by lower ground or by drainage gullies; (also) a steep or overhanging bank of exposed peat resulting from erosion by flowing water; a gully formed in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > rough > type of
peat hag1815
malpais1844
pedregal1881
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. iii. 39 Twa land-loupers jumpit out of a peat-hag.
1918 Jrnl. Ecol. 6 3 The peat margin is eroded abruptly into cliff-like ‘peat-haggs’.
1994 High May 60/2 A short way east of the OS pillar the remnants of a B29 Superfortress are scattered among the peat hags.
peat house n. an outbuilding for storing peats.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > place to store peats
peat house1338
peat cote1543
1338 in G. Kristensson Stud. Middle Eng. Topogr. Terms (1970) 81 (MED) Will. del Pethous.
1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 320 Within the peithous of the neddir bailye.
1841 E. Brontë Diary 30 July in Lett. Charlotte Brontë (1995) I. 263 Victoria and Adelaide..are ensconced in the peat-house..Nero..in his cage.
1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 149 Betty Landsborough..set him to chop wood, and stack it in the little peat-house.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill ix. 293 In the long-extending, open-sided Peat House, men on ladders built..hard blocks of peats into tall stacks.
peat machine n. a machine for preparing peat for fuel, either by cutting it, or by grinding it and pressing it into brick-shaped pieces.
ΚΠ
1866 S. W. Johnson Peat & its Uses 140 Geysser's peat machine.
1948 Times 30 Mar. 3/2 The peat machine is Diesel driven and operated by six men.
1985 Associated Press (Nexis) 5 Jan. Most islanders would rather bet on the success of the peat machine than on the likelihood of an oil gusher in the Falklands.
peat-man n. a person who cuts, dries, or sells peats for fuel.
ΚΠ
1699 S. Pepys Private Corr. 21 Nov. (1926) I. 242 I should now go to the rest of your excellent remarks upon the beef, the geese, the loch, the peat-man, and the kyle; nor shall an iota of them drop.
1724 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. (at cited word) He has been several Years, and still is Peatman at Ferningtoun.
1821 Examiner 1 Apr. 207/2 As James Johnstone, peatman, was levelling moss.
1926 Glasgow Herald 10 Apr. 4 The rousing blast of the peat-man's horn.
peat-marl n. Obsolete a rich marl found in boggy areas.
ΚΠ
1682 A. Martindale in J. Houghton Coll. Lett. Husb. & Trade I. 121 Peat-Marle, or Delving-Marle, which is..very fat or unctuous.
1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 38 The marle which is usually found at the depth of about two feet..in wet boggy grounds..is commonly called peat-marle, or delving-marle.
1825 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 115 Index Shells, fossil, in peat marl in Ireland.
peat mire n. a peatbog.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > peat-bog
turf-graft1313
turbary1363
peat mire1431
peat moss1505
peatbog1550
flow-mossc1565
cess1636
peat marsh1723
yarpha1805
peat moor1821
flow bog1831
raised bog1891
mire1946
raised mire1968
1431 in J. Dalyell & J. Beveridge Binns Papers (1938) 2 [The] petemyre [of Dontarvy].
1599 Reg. Great Seal Sc. 285/1 Que paucis abhinc fuere terre aride et glebarum paludes lie peitmyris, quamvis tunc tecte dicto lie Reidmyre per restagnationem aquarum viarenarum.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. viii. 135 Dutch cabbages continued to be more and more planted, and peat-mire, blending itself with waste sand, became available for Christian mankind.
1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 123 Storm-tangled, drenched, tossed dank on black peat-mire.
1990 Jrnl. Ecol. 78 90 The radiocarbon-dating of pine macrofossils, leads to records that are biased towards what may have been an atypical ecological niche for much of the Holocene, that of the highly acidic peat mire.
peat-pan n. Obsolete a pan (pan n.1 7b) at the bottom of a peatbog.
ΚΠ
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Peeat-pan, a very hard stratum below the peeat, impregnated with iron, impervious to water.
peat road n. a rough track or road to a peatbog, along which cut peats are carried.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > along which peat or wool conveyed
peat road1802
wool-track1903
1802 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) II. 844 I..came to a great Peat-road.
1861 Queen Victoria Highland Jrnls. 20 Sept. (1980) i. 96 We rode up the peat-road over the hill of Polach.
1971 Stornoway Gaz. 10 July 3/4 Topics discussed included..village peat roads.
peat-spade n. a spade for cutting peats, having a triangular blade and a cutting wing on the right side.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > turf- or peat-cutter
turf-spade1477
peat-spade1492
turfing-spade1677
slane1745
becket1764
rutter1778
turskill1812
turfing-iron1852
1492–3 Acts Lords of Council I. 288/1 A pet spaid price x s.
1573 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 242 A gavelocke, ij hacks, iij peatspades, ij flainge spades, a garthe spade, vijs.
1621 in C. Innes Black Bk. Taymouth (1855) 353 That no maner of personne..cast peitis..bot only with lawland peit spaudis.
1802 C. Findlater Gen. View Agric. County of Peebles 208 The peat-spade is furnished with a triangular cutting mouth, as also, with a cutting wing on the right side,..to cut the half decayed wood found mixed with the moss.
1978 A. Fenton Island Blackhouse 47 A good man working the peat-spade..could cost 1000 a day.
peat stack n. a stack of peats built up to dry for use as fuel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > turf or peat > a stack or pile
peat stack1501
rickle1565
leet1742
1501 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 92/2 Pro crematione seu combustione unius arconii glebarum, viz. le petstak in Megill.
1583 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 577 Certane houssis, barnis and peitstakis.
a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 334 A peat-stack.—Peit-stake.
1802 W. Scott Let. 17 Oct. (1937) XII. 220 The formidable hardships of sleeping upon peat-stacks.
1987 New Phytologist 106 188 It was still not possible to discount the possibility that ancient peat stacks had formed nuclei for the mounds.
peat wool n. now rare a type of wool incorporating peat fibre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for treating wound or ulcer > [noun] > lint, cotton, etc.
lintc1400
caddis1738
charpie1797
cotton batting1827
cotton bat1847
stypium1871
Gamgee (formerly also Gamgee's) tissue1883
tenax1889
Gamgee1890
peat wool1895
Thermogene1902
1895 Times 1 Aug. 15/2 Perhaps the most important of the numerous uses for peat wool is surgical dressing.
1898 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 187/1 Peat-wool dressing. This surgical wool is extremely absorbent..; its deodorising power is great.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peatn.2

Brit. /piːt/, U.S. /pit/, Scottish English /pit/
Forms: 1500s–1600s peate, 1500s–1600s 1900s– peat; English regional (northern) 1800s– peat; Scottish pre-1700 pait, pre-1700 1700s pete, pre-1700 1700s– peat, pre-1700 1800s pet, 1800s pate.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Dutch. Or perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Dutch pete ; pet n.2
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Middle Dutch pete godmother (1330), godfather (c1483; compare Dutch peet godparent (17th cent.), Dutch regional (Brabantic, Holland) peet old woman, grandmother, Dutch regional (Brabantic, Antwerp) peet godchild; compare German regional pfette (16th cent.), Middle Low German pade godparent, godchild ( > Middle High German pate (13th cent.), German Pate )), either < classical Latin pater pater n.2 (in the post-classical Latin phrase pater spiritualis ‘spiritual father’ (12th cent. or earlier in this sense)) or < post-classical Latin patrinus (see padrino n.). Or perhaps a variant of pet n.2 with lengthened vowel; alternatively (and perhaps more likely) the word may be of separate origin and have been influenced semantically by association with pet n.2In sense 2 apparently not used after the early 18th cent. and reintroduced by Scott in the early 19th cent. The extended use in sense 2b is apparently only found in the works of Scott and his imitators. In quot. 1706 at sense 3 perhaps a pun on the personal name Pete , shortened < Peter n.
Now archaic and Scottish.
1.
a. A girl, a young woman. Frequently as a term of endearment. Formerly also: a female sweetheart. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > light-mindedness > [noun] > person > female
gig?c1225
gigleta1340
halok?1507
fizgiga1529
gilliea1529
flirt1562
peat1566
sluta1592
gillian flirt1593
giggle1611
filly1616
jill-flirt1627
flibbertigibbet1640
flirtigig1683
flip-flap1702
gamine1848
kitten1870
sillypop1894
frippet1908
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xxxvi. f. 76v It chaunced that a yonge woman of Scicilia..passed by... There was with this yonge peate, an olde woman, a Scicilian also.
1581 B. Rich Farewell Militarie Profession vi. sig. Xiv Being halfe conuicted by the confession of the gentle peate his newe wife.
1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe v. sig. H2 Gods my life, you are a Peate indeed!
1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour ii. ii. sig. D4 Of a little thing You are a prettie peate, indifferently faire too.
1869 J. P. Morris Gloss. Words & Phrases Furness Peàt,..a term of endearment, as ‘Thow lile peàt’.
1898 J. R. Imray Sandy Todd x I wis jist a wee bit peat o' a quine.
b. A pet animal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > pet
pet1539
peat1566
companion1608
sock1840
dumb friend1870
1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Giiij If in a couche, a fyne fleesde lambe, A kinge shoulde cause to ryde, And geue it rayments neate, and gay..And call it pugges and pretye peate [L. Rufam aut Pusillam appellet].
1573 G. Gascoigne In Prayse of Phillip in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres sig. Oiiiiv As if you say but fend cut phippe, Lord how the peat will turne and skippe.
2. derogatory.
a. A conceited or arrogant woman; esp. in proud peat.
ΚΠ
1577 N. Breton Wks. Young Wyt f.34 Not puling like a peate, that if her finger ake, Must haue her dinner in her bedde.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor Dram. Pers. sig. Aiiiv Fallace. Deliro's Wife and Idoll, a proud mincing Peat, and as peruerse as hee is officious.
a1625 J. Fletcher Wife for Moneth i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ffffff4v/2 And ye proud peat, Ile make you curse your insolence.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 164 Ere he [sc. Rothsay] takes back yonder proud peat to his table and his bed,..Douglas must be King of Scotland.
1878 J. H. Stirling Burns in Drama iv. ii. 45 There is the dressy exquisite among them,—and the guzzler,—and the proud peat,—and the birky.
1895 ‘S. Tytler’ Macdonald Lass xii. 164 You were always a proud, undaunted peat of a lass.
1910 C. Fraser Glengonnar 133 The folk aboot the place thocht her a prood peat, and left her very much to hersel'.
1958 R. Graves 5 Pens in Hand 150 I..found a girl..clothed in an elegant two-piece bathing dress and considerable aplomb... I cross-examined the peat.
b. Used of a man. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in contempt > male
houndOE
churlc1300
pagec1385
jockeya1529
sincanterc1540
cullion1575
cur1600
swabber1612
codworm1615
bob-taila1625
pompilliona1625
duck's meata1627
swab1687
person1704
hallion1789
jackeen1810
peat1818
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 324 ‘I have angered the proud peat now,’ he said to himself, ‘by finding out a likeness.’
1866 Good Words 2 Apr. 267/2 The presumptuous peat! the light-headed auld fule! to mint sic madness.
3. Scottish. A lawyer favoured by a particular judge. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd
fogger1564
pettifogger1564
long fifteen1611
leguleian1617
peatc1680
pettifog1721
Philadelphia lawyer1788
legal beagle1822
lawyerling1830
shyster1844
legal eagle1869
c1680 in J. Maidment Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 224 Now humbly doth shew to the Lords of the Seat, That he's likely to starve unlesse made a Peat.
1706 A. Simpsone tr. Buchanan in J. Watson Choice Coll. Scots Poems i. 21 Being thus advis'd away to Pete I trudge, Pray him, and pay him to bespeak the Judge.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xiii. 302 (note) Formerly, a lawyer, supposed to be under the peculiar patronage of any particular judge, was invidiously termed his peat, or pet.
1861 R. Chambers Dom. Ann. III. 291 Each Lord [of Session] had a ‘Pate’—that is, a dependent member of the bar (sometimes called Peat), who, being largely fee'd by a party, could on that consideration influence his patron.
1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. 404/1 Peat,..a name formerly given to advocates who were related to judges and favoured by them.

Derivatives

peatry n. Scottish Obsolete = peatship n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd > personality or office of
peatryc1680
peatshipc1680
c1680 in J. Maidment Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 225 Yet John Hay of Murie, his peatry, as I hear, By virtue of his daughter, makes thousands a year.
peatship n. Scottish Obsolete the fact, state, or condition of being a peat (sense 3); the position of a peat (sometimes as a mock title).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd > personality or office of
peatryc1680
peatshipc1680
c1680 in J. Maidment Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 225 Old Nevoy by all is judged such a sott, That his peatship could never be thought worth a groat.
c1690 in J. Maidment Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 185 His mother's tongue learn'd him his father's law; Lyke prentice taught the trade by ear, but book, In seaven years petship e'er he wrote or spoke.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xiii. 302 As like being akin to a peatship and a sheriffdom, as a sieve is sib to a riddle.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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