accelerationn.

Brit.

/əkˌsɛləˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/əkˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/,

/ækˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/

Forms: 1500s acceleracion, 1500s acceleracyon, 1500s– acceleration, 1600s accelleration; also Scottish pre-1700 excelleratioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French acceleratiun, acceleration; Latin accelerātiōn-, accelerātiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman acceleratiun, acceleraciun, acceleracione and Middle French acceleration (French accélération ) action or process of accelerating, speeding up (1327), speed, promptness (a1517; the specific uses in science are not paralleled until later: 1701 in physics, 1776 in astronomy) and its etymon classical Latin accelerātiōn-, accelerātiō action or process of speeding up < accelerāt- , past participial stem of accelerāre accelerate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish aceleración (a1492; second half of the 15th cent. as †acceleración), Italian accelerazione (14th cent.).With the Older Scots form excelleratioun perhaps compare ex- prefix¹.

1. The action or process of accelerating or causing something to accelerate; speeding up; quickening. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress

acceleration1490

speeding1892

speed-up1923

welly1979

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [noun] > haste > action of causing

acceleration1490

hastening1545

properation1615

speedying1617

precipitation1621

hurry-up1944

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun] > action of accelerating

atom-smashing1931

acceleration1942

1490 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1490/2/17 For the mare sure supportacioune excelleratioune of justice.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. v. sig. Pviij Who beholdinge..the acceleration or haste to his [sc. Cæsar's] confusion, caused by his owne edict or decre, will nat commend affabilite.

1626 J. Florio et al. tr. T. Boccalini New-found Politicke ii. vii. 133 The infinite quantity of Syrrupes, and the many medicines which she had taken with such anguish, had wrought no other effect, but the acceleration of the disease, which without that..purgation peraduenture shee should neuer haue had.

1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) 45 A Garden, destined to the tryal of all manner of Experiments concerning Plants, as their Melioration, Acceleration, Retardation, Conservation.

1710 R. Cotes Let. 15 Apr. in I. Newton Corr. (1975) V. 26 Resistance & force of Gravity, being equall, mutually destroy each others effect, & consequently no Acceleration or Retardation of motion can be produced.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 266 Those things which take off the Causes of Acceleration, retard the Motion of the Blood.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxvii. 132 Accelerations and retardations may be considered as quantities, and are measured by the changes of velocity.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 84 But the friction of the teeth and the resistance of the air check this acceleration.

1868 W. J. Fox Coll. Wks. XI. 49 It [sc. a parable] contains..no obscure delineation of the qualities..that must ever belong to those to whom the world shall be most indebted for their illustration of truth and their acceleration of its progress.

1890 P. Chalmers How James Chalmers saved Penny Postage Scheme 49 Testimonial did justice to the services of James Chalmers both as respects his acceleration of the mail and as originator of the Adhesive Postage Stamp.

1901 Motor-Car World 2 238/1 Instantaneous acceleration when the clutch is once more engaged.

1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics vii. 294 The negative linear accelerations suffered by the electrons as they strike the target.

1980 D. Ball Politics & Force Levels iii. xi. 261 [Charles J.] Hitch also said that..the administration might continue its acceleration of defense programs beyond the April-June 1961 period.

2009 Atlantic Monthly July 96/2 In a world of ongoing technological acceleration, today's cutting-edge brain implant would be tomorrow's obsolete junk.

2. The condition of being accelerated; increased or increasing speed or development.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > condition of being increased

accelerationa1533

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.viij^v Gret acceleracion in busynesses nowe presente maketh greate inconueniences in tyme to come.

1611 A. Willet Hexapla: Rom. iii. 151 It is not meant of his externall flight of bodie, but rather of the acceleration and hast of his affections.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. Polit. Touch-stone in tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 353 The infinite store of Syrops, and the many Medicines taken with so much anguish, had procured nothing but the acceleration of the malady.

1745 S. Say Poems Several Occasions 111/2 All which must needs give Such an Acceleration to the Voice, and Rapidity to the Pronunciation, as may give us Some Idea of the Methods by which those Demagogues were able to lead the People whither they would by the mere Power of Sounds.

1784 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1816) IV. 455 No, sir; you cannot conceive with what acceleration I advance towards death.

1836 W. Dunlap Thirty Years Ago II. vi. 66 It was not long before certain occurrences..alleviated her sufferings, and suspended her dissolution, although the excitement they produced, seemed to threaten its acceleration.

1867 A. Cary Bishop's Son xiv. 240 If an acceleration of the pulse denoting fever be observed,..tea of camomile or other bitter herbs may be administered.

1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! v. iii. 305 When I was with those two young things, I felt my blood go quicker, I felt—how shall I say it?—an acceleration of life.

1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi ii. 27 This period of acceleration of growth-rate may be referred to as the period of initial lag or of initial acceleration.

1979 A. W. Throop in Voice of Federal Reserve Bank Dallas Aug. 8/2 The growth of Eurobanking could have significantly contributed to the acceleration of world inflation.

2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons iv. iv. 321 As proof of the acceleration of time, Bear told how when he was a boy he had a pet heron that settled in to village life and ate shell corn out of his hand and would not even fly away south for winter.

3. The action or process of accelerating something in time; the bringing forward or hastening of the occurrence of something.

ΚΠ

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. liv. f. 328^v In place of seeing her which he hoped should be y^e conseruation of his life, he saw the acceleration of his death, which was a naked sword y^t the Gentleman had drawen.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum iv. §353 Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of Birth.

1668 G. C. in H. More Two Last Dialogues sig. a8 I doubt not but Philotheus, had he thought of it, would have added this as a ninth Instruction tending to the Acceleration of those happy Times of the Church which he presages.

1754 S. Foote Knights ii. i, in Brit. Drama (1804) III. 172/2 I have no objections to the acceleration of their nuptials, provided the child is inclined, and a minister may be procured.

1799 J. G. Dalyell tr. L. Spallanzani Tracts Nature of Animals & Veg. 220 If the greater number of animals influenced the acceleration of death, the two frogs in the same vessel should die first.

1862 W. Collins No Name xiv. 200 That summons, again, had produced the inevitable acceleration of the Saturday's journey to Friday.

1892 W. R. Anson Law & Custom of Constit. (ed. 2) I. iv. §6. 67 Since 1867 a postponement as well as an acceleration of the meeting of Parliament is ordered by Proclamation.

1943 in P. A. Crowl Campaign in Marianas (1959) i. i. 12/2 Plans for the acceleration of the defeat of Japan would place emphasis upon the seizure of the Marianas at the earliest possible date.

2006 M. Landon Environment, Health & Sustainable Devel. ii. viii. 112 If this short-term acceleration of death accounts for all of the excess deaths during a pollution episode, then over the long term, no more deaths would occur than were there to be an absence of air pollution.

4. The extent to which something is accelerated; (Physics) the rate of change of velocity with time.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > rate of increase

acceleration1656

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [noun] > speed or direction as vector quality > rate of increase of velocity

acceleration1656

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xvi. 170 The Body will be carried through the same straight line..provided it have like acceleration.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 5 There be many things touching Matters Physical..as concerning the degrees of acceleration of Motion.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxvii. 132 The law of acceleration, in falling bodies, was not discovered till the time of Galileo.

1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. xiv. 352 Rate of change of velocity is called in kinematics, acceleration.

1917 Rotarian Sept. 236/1 It [sc. a golf ball] does not gradually drop as a rifle bullet or a stone, with an acceleration of ‘32 feet per second per second’.

1975 M. Nelkon Princ. Physics (ed. 6) ii. 18 Experiments show that the acceleration due to gravity g is about 10 m/s².

2005 R. J. Sawyer Mindscan ii. 26 The high acceleration experienced during rocket liftoff from Earth is brutal.

5. Astronomy.

a. The increase in orbital speed of a planet as it proceeds from aphelion to perihelion. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth i. 40 If a Planet moving in a circular Orbit were accelerated by an Attraction directly along its Tangent or Periphery..the Point B, where the Acceleration happen'd, would afterward be the nearest to the Focus, or the Perihelion in the Ellipsis afterward to be describ'd.

1745 J. T. Desaguliers Course Exper. Philos. (ed. 2) I. v. 362 The Planet is accelerated in going from the Aphelion to the Perihelion... We must consider, that there is another Cause of Acceleration and Retardation which does depend on the Quantity of the Angle.

1849 Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 8 698 In an elliptical orbit the velocity alternately increases and diminishes. This follows necessarily from Kepler's law... Hegel, however, treats of this acceleration and retardation as a separate fact.

1906 J. L. E. Dreyer Hist. Planetary Syst. iv. 98 The greatest acceleration and the greatest retardation occur when the planet passes through the double point of the lemniscate.

†b. The time which the fixed stars gain on the sun in passing the meridian each day as a result of the earth travelling in its orbit as it rotates on its axis, approx. equal to 3 minutes and 56 seconds; the process of gaining this time. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > acceleration

acceleration1731

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II. (at cited word) Acceleration, a term used in respect to the fixed stars, and signified the difference between the revolution of the Primum Mobile, and the solar revolution, which was computed at 3 minutes and 56 seconds.

1837 N. Bowditch New Amer. Pract. Navigator (ed. 9) 176 The daily acceleration of 3′ 56′′ in the time a star comes to the meridian on successive days.

1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) v. i. 433 This gaining of the stars upon the Sun is called the Acceleration of Sidereal upon Mean Time.

c. An increase in the mean orbital speed of the moon over time as a result of tidal forces, causing a shortening of its orbital period of approx. 26 seconds per century. Cf. secular acceleration at secular adj. 7a.

ΚΠ

1695 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 174 I could then pronounce in what Proportion the Moon's Motion does Accelerate; which that it does, I think I can demonstrate.]

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 162 I proceeded to examine the mean Motion of the Moon..to see whether they were well represented by the Tables for any considerable Number of Years, and whether I should be able to make out that Acceleration of the Moon's Motion which Dr. Halley suspected.

1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) §5. 43 This secular increase in the moon's velocity is called the Acceleration.

1922 Pop. Astron. 30 106 The long outstanding question of the so-called secular acceleration of the moon's motion.

2002 M. Zeilik Astronomy (ed. 9) ix. 169/2 The gravitational attraction of bulge A on the moon causes the moon to accelerate in its orbit. This acceleration results in the moon moving away from the earth.

d. The length of time by which a low or high tide occurs before the average time of occurrence. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1842 G. B. Airy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 7 The high water is accelerated and the low water is retarded by nearly equal terms: and this acceleration and retardation are proportional to c, or to b, or to the whole range of the tide.

1878 G. H. Darwin in Proc. Royal Soc. 27 421 An acceleration of the time of high water equal to ^π/ _2v−^ε/ _v.

1919 E. B. Collins Coffin's Navigation & Naut. Astron. (ed. 11) xvi. 231 The interval between corresponding tides of successive days falls below the average time, being but 24^h 38^m, hence the acceleration in the time of occurrence of high and low waters.

6. Education (originally and chiefly North American). The action, process, or result of advancing a student through a course of education more rapidly than is usual, esp. because of exceptional ability.

ΚΠ

1916 L. M. Terman Measurem. of Intelligence ii. 27 Teacher attributed school acceleration to ‘studiousness’ and ‘delight in school work’. It would be more reasonable to infer that these traits are indications of unusually superior intelligence.

1920 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 2 603 I found that in School A..the amount of acceleration was very nearly the same as was found in many of the schools in the poorer sections.

1949 S. L. Pressey Educ. Acceleration ii. 8 The accelerated students..seem to have profited to some extent by acceleration.

1964 B. Fine Stretching their Minds 19 ‘Acceleration’ became fashionable—meaning either old-fashioned ‘skipping’ or the modern ‘multiple-track’ plan (in racing terms, a slow track for the average student, a fast track for the superior).

1996 Independent 30 Jan. 14/7 Acceleration or fast-tracking (to use the American term) of bright children in schools..is rare in continental Europe, where the academic success of the children does not appear to have suffered.

7. The capacity of a car or other vehicle to gain speed quickly.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > increasing speed

acceleration1922

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun] > motor vehicle > qualities of motor vehicle

driveability1880

petrol consumption1902

performance1907

roadholding1921

acceleration1922

crashworthiness1948

gradeability1952

1922 Jrnl. Soc. Automotive Engineers Dec. 489/1 Due to its [sc. a gasoline-driven railcar's] excellent acceleration and easy handling, we are maintaining the former steam-train schedule without difficulty.

1926 Daily News 18 May 4/5 There are many British cars with fine acceleration.

1948 G. Frost Flying Squad v. 55 They do not have nor need an extremely high all-out speed, but have great acceleration.

1987 Pop. Mech. Nov. 87/1 Inboard-powered tournament ski boats with super acceleration and phenomenal pulling ability.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Aug. viii. 11/3 The anytime-anywhere acceleration, cornering and braking..make the TT as delightful to drive as to look at.

Phrases

acceleration due to gravity n. Physics the acceleration imparted to a body by the gravitational force of a planet; spec. a standard value used for this acceleration on the surface of the earth, defined as exactly 9.80665 ms⁻².

ΚΠ

1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 384/1 The acceleration due to gravity was calculated; the actual acceleration moving down the plane was observed.

1925 Science 3 Apr. 355 Acceleration due to gravity = g = 9.80665 = 0.1019716⁻¹ meter/sec².

1990 S. F. Frautschi Mech. Universe vii. 151 What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Mars?

2005 C. M. R. Fowler Solid Earth (ed. 2) v. 196 At the Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity has a value of about 9.81 m s⁻².

acceleration of gravity n. Physics the acceleration imparted to a body by the gravitational force of the earth or other such celestial object.

ΚΠ

1722 B. Worster Compend. Acct. Princ. Nat. Philos. 60 If a Body be thrown downwards, with such a Velocity as shall make the Resistance of the Medium equal to the Acceleration of Gravity, it will move on with an uniform Motion, according to the first Law.

1830 Mechanics' Mag. 6 Feb. 422/1 I think I have shown that the mechanical accelerating force is a continually decreasing quantity; on the other hand, the acceleration of gravity is uniform and constant.

1916 W. S. Franklin Gen. Physics 531 The acceleration of gravity at London is 32.16 feet per second per second.

2003 B. F. Schutz Gravity from Ground Up ii. 10 The force of gravity F_grav on any object equals its mass m times the acceleration of gravity g.

Compounds

acceleration clause n. Law and Finance a provision in a loan agreement, mortgage, etc., that stipulates the immediate repayment of a debt to the lender upon breach of contract.

ΚΠ

1880 Irish Law Times & Solicitors' Jrnl. 8 May 233/2 Interpreted otherwise than as a penalty, the acceleration clause is in appearance, if not in reality, most extortionate.

1930 Virginia Law Rev. 17 80 There was an acceleration clause providing that the entire debt should fall due at the mortgagee's option at the expiration of twenty days after a default of any interest payment.

2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June 26/2 By this guise of the ‘acceleration’ clause, the bank can ignore the arrears of interest for the missed instalment and demand the full $1 million.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	acceleration
释义	accelerationn. Brit. /əkˌsɛləˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /əkˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/, /ækˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/ Forms: 1500s acceleracion, 1500s acceleracyon, 1500s– acceleration, 1600s accelleration; also Scottish pre-1700 excelleratioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French acceleratiun, acceleration; Latin accelerātiōn-, accelerātiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman acceleratiun, acceleraciun, acceleracione and Middle French acceleration (French accélération ) action or process of accelerating, speeding up (1327), speed, promptness (a1517; the specific uses in science are not paralleled until later: 1701 in physics, 1776 in astronomy) and its etymon classical Latin accelerātiōn-, accelerātiō action or process of speeding up < accelerāt- , past participial stem of accelerāre accelerate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish aceleración (a1492; second half of the 15th cent. as †acceleración), Italian accelerazione (14th cent.).With the Older Scots form excelleratioun perhaps compare ex- prefix¹. 1. The action or process of accelerating or causing something to accelerate; speeding up; quickening. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress acceleration1490 speeding1892 speed-up1923 welly1979 the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [noun] > haste > action of causing acceleration1490 hastening1545 properation1615 speedying1617 precipitation1621 hurry-up1944 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun] > action of accelerating atom-smashing1931 acceleration1942 1490 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1490/2/17 For the mare sure supportacioune excelleratioune of justice. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. v. sig. Pviij Who beholdinge..the acceleration or haste to his [sc. Cæsar's] confusion, caused by his owne edict or decre, will nat commend affabilite. 1626 J. Florio et al. tr. T. Boccalini New-found Politicke ii. vii. 133 The infinite quantity of Syrrupes, and the many medicines which she had taken with such anguish, had wrought no other effect, but the acceleration of the disease, which without that..purgation peraduenture shee should neuer haue had. 1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) 45 A Garden, destined to the tryal of all manner of Experiments concerning Plants, as their Melioration, Acceleration, Retardation, Conservation. 1710 R. Cotes Let. 15 Apr. in I. Newton Corr. (1975) V. 26 Resistance & force of Gravity, being equall, mutually destroy each others effect, & consequently no Acceleration or Retardation of motion can be produced. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 266 Those things which take off the Causes of Acceleration, retard the Motion of the Blood. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxvii. 132 Accelerations and retardations may be considered as quantities, and are measured by the changes of velocity. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 84 But the friction of the teeth and the resistance of the air check this acceleration. 1868 W. J. Fox Coll. Wks. XI. 49 It [sc. a parable] contains..no obscure delineation of the qualities..that must ever belong to those to whom the world shall be most indebted for their illustration of truth and their acceleration of its progress. 1890 P. Chalmers How James Chalmers saved Penny Postage Scheme 49 Testimonial did justice to the services of James Chalmers both as respects his acceleration of the mail and as originator of the Adhesive Postage Stamp. 1901 Motor-Car World 2 238/1 Instantaneous acceleration when the clutch is once more engaged. 1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics vii. 294 The negative linear accelerations suffered by the electrons as they strike the target. 1980 D. Ball Politics & Force Levels iii. xi. 261 [Charles J.] Hitch also said that..the administration might continue its acceleration of defense programs beyond the April-June 1961 period. 2009 Atlantic Monthly July 96/2 In a world of ongoing technological acceleration, today's cutting-edge brain implant would be tomorrow's obsolete junk. 2. The condition of being accelerated; increased or increasing speed or development. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > condition of being increased accelerationa1533 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.viij^v Gret acceleracion in busynesses nowe presente maketh greate inconueniences in tyme to come. 1611 A. Willet Hexapla: Rom. iii. 151 It is not meant of his externall flight of bodie, but rather of the acceleration and hast of his affections. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. Polit. Touch-stone in tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 353 The infinite store of Syrops, and the many Medicines taken with so much anguish, had procured nothing but the acceleration of the malady. 1745 S. Say Poems Several Occasions 111/2 All which must needs give Such an Acceleration to the Voice, and Rapidity to the Pronunciation, as may give us Some Idea of the Methods by which those Demagogues were able to lead the People whither they would by the mere Power of Sounds. 1784 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1816) IV. 455 No, sir; you cannot conceive with what acceleration I advance towards death. 1836 W. Dunlap Thirty Years Ago II. vi. 66 It was not long before certain occurrences..alleviated her sufferings, and suspended her dissolution, although the excitement they produced, seemed to threaten its acceleration. 1867 A. Cary Bishop's Son xiv. 240 If an acceleration of the pulse denoting fever be observed,..tea of camomile or other bitter herbs may be administered. 1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! v. iii. 305 When I was with those two young things, I felt my blood go quicker, I felt—how shall I say it?—an acceleration of life. 1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi ii. 27 This period of acceleration of growth-rate may be referred to as the period of initial lag or of initial acceleration. 1979 A. W. Throop in Voice of Federal Reserve Bank Dallas Aug. 8/2 The growth of Eurobanking could have significantly contributed to the acceleration of world inflation. 2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons iv. iv. 321 As proof of the acceleration of time, Bear told how when he was a boy he had a pet heron that settled in to village life and ate shell corn out of his hand and would not even fly away south for winter. 3. The action or process of accelerating something in time; the bringing forward or hastening of the occurrence of something. ΚΠ 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. liv. f. 328^v In place of seeing her which he hoped should be y^e conseruation of his life, he saw the acceleration of his death, which was a naked sword y^t the Gentleman had drawen. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum iv. §353 Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of Birth. 1668 G. C. in H. More Two Last Dialogues sig. a8 I doubt not but Philotheus, had he thought of it, would have added this as a ninth Instruction tending to the Acceleration of those happy Times of the Church which he presages. 1754 S. Foote Knights ii. i, in Brit. Drama (1804) III. 172/2 I have no objections to the acceleration of their nuptials, provided the child is inclined, and a minister may be procured. 1799 J. G. Dalyell tr. L. Spallanzani Tracts Nature of Animals & Veg. 220 If the greater number of animals influenced the acceleration of death, the two frogs in the same vessel should die first. 1862 W. Collins No Name xiv. 200 That summons, again, had produced the inevitable acceleration of the Saturday's journey to Friday. 1892 W. R. Anson Law & Custom of Constit. (ed. 2) I. iv. §6. 67 Since 1867 a postponement as well as an acceleration of the meeting of Parliament is ordered by Proclamation. 1943 in P. A. Crowl Campaign in Marianas (1959) i. i. 12/2 Plans for the acceleration of the defeat of Japan would place emphasis upon the seizure of the Marianas at the earliest possible date. 2006 M. Landon Environment, Health & Sustainable Devel. ii. viii. 112 If this short-term acceleration of death accounts for all of the excess deaths during a pollution episode, then over the long term, no more deaths would occur than were there to be an absence of air pollution. 4. The extent to which something is accelerated; (Physics) the rate of change of velocity with time. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > rate of increase acceleration1656 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [noun] > speed or direction as vector quality > rate of increase of velocity acceleration1656 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xvi. 170 The Body will be carried through the same straight line..provided it have like acceleration. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 5 There be many things touching Matters Physical..as concerning the degrees of acceleration of Motion. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxvii. 132 The law of acceleration, in falling bodies, was not discovered till the time of Galileo. 1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. xiv. 352 Rate of change of velocity is called in kinematics, acceleration. 1917 Rotarian Sept. 236/1 It [sc. a golf ball] does not gradually drop as a rifle bullet or a stone, with an acceleration of ‘32 feet per second per second’. 1975 M. Nelkon Princ. Physics (ed. 6) ii. 18 Experiments show that the acceleration due to gravity g is about 10 m/s². 2005 R. J. Sawyer Mindscan ii. 26 The high acceleration experienced during rocket liftoff from Earth is brutal. 5. Astronomy. a. The increase in orbital speed of a planet as it proceeds from aphelion to perihelion. Now rare. ΚΠ 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth i. 40 If a Planet moving in a circular Orbit were accelerated by an Attraction directly along its Tangent or Periphery..the Point B, where the Acceleration happen'd, would afterward be the nearest to the Focus, or the Perihelion in the Ellipsis afterward to be describ'd. 1745 J. T. Desaguliers Course Exper. Philos. (ed. 2) I. v. 362 The Planet is accelerated in going from the Aphelion to the Perihelion... We must consider, that there is another Cause of Acceleration and Retardation which does depend on the Quantity of the Angle. 1849 Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 8 698 In an elliptical orbit the velocity alternately increases and diminishes. This follows necessarily from Kepler's law... Hegel, however, treats of this acceleration and retardation as a separate fact. 1906 J. L. E. Dreyer Hist. Planetary Syst. iv. 98 The greatest acceleration and the greatest retardation occur when the planet passes through the double point of the lemniscate. †b. The time which the fixed stars gain on the sun in passing the meridian each day as a result of the earth travelling in its orbit as it rotates on its axis, approx. equal to 3 minutes and 56 seconds; the process of gaining this time. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > acceleration acceleration1731 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II. (at cited word) Acceleration, a term used in respect to the fixed stars, and signified the difference between the revolution of the Primum Mobile, and the solar revolution, which was computed at 3 minutes and 56 seconds. 1837 N. Bowditch New Amer. Pract. Navigator (ed. 9) 176 The daily acceleration of 3′ 56′′ in the time a star comes to the meridian on successive days. 1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) v. i. 433 This gaining of the stars upon the Sun is called the Acceleration of Sidereal upon Mean Time. c. An increase in the mean orbital speed of the moon over time as a result of tidal forces, causing a shortening of its orbital period of approx. 26 seconds per century. Cf. secular acceleration at secular adj. 7a. ΚΠ 1695 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 174 I could then pronounce in what Proportion the Moon's Motion does Accelerate; which that it does, I think I can demonstrate.] 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 162 I proceeded to examine the mean Motion of the Moon..to see whether they were well represented by the Tables for any considerable Number of Years, and whether I should be able to make out that Acceleration of the Moon's Motion which Dr. Halley suspected. 1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) §5. 43 This secular increase in the moon's velocity is called the Acceleration. 1922 Pop. Astron. 30 106 The long outstanding question of the so-called secular acceleration of the moon's motion. 2002 M. Zeilik Astronomy (ed. 9) ix. 169/2 The gravitational attraction of bulge A on the moon causes the moon to accelerate in its orbit. This acceleration results in the moon moving away from the earth. d. The length of time by which a low or high tide occurs before the average time of occurrence. Now rare. ΚΠ 1842 G. B. Airy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 7 The high water is accelerated and the low water is retarded by nearly equal terms: and this acceleration and retardation are proportional to c, or to b, or to the whole range of the tide. 1878 G. H. Darwin in Proc. Royal Soc. 27 421 An acceleration of the time of high water equal to ^π/ _2v−^ε/ _v. 1919 E. B. Collins Coffin's Navigation & Naut. Astron. (ed. 11) xvi. 231 The interval between corresponding tides of successive days falls below the average time, being but 24^h 38^m, hence the acceleration in the time of occurrence of high and low waters. 6. Education (originally and chiefly North American). The action, process, or result of advancing a student through a course of education more rapidly than is usual, esp. because of exceptional ability. ΚΠ 1916 L. M. Terman Measurem. of Intelligence ii. 27 Teacher attributed school acceleration to ‘studiousness’ and ‘delight in school work’. It would be more reasonable to infer that these traits are indications of unusually superior intelligence. 1920 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 2 603 I found that in School A..the amount of acceleration was very nearly the same as was found in many of the schools in the poorer sections. 1949 S. L. Pressey Educ. Acceleration ii. 8 The accelerated students..seem to have profited to some extent by acceleration. 1964 B. Fine Stretching their Minds 19 ‘Acceleration’ became fashionable—meaning either old-fashioned ‘skipping’ or the modern ‘multiple-track’ plan (in racing terms, a slow track for the average student, a fast track for the superior). 1996 Independent 30 Jan. 14/7 Acceleration or fast-tracking (to use the American term) of bright children in schools..is rare in continental Europe, where the academic success of the children does not appear to have suffered. 7. The capacity of a car or other vehicle to gain speed quickly. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > increasing speed acceleration1922 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun] > motor vehicle > qualities of motor vehicle driveability1880 petrol consumption1902 performance1907 roadholding1921 acceleration1922 crashworthiness1948 gradeability1952 1922 Jrnl. Soc. Automotive Engineers Dec. 489/1 Due to its [sc. a gasoline-driven railcar's] excellent acceleration and easy handling, we are maintaining the former steam-train schedule without difficulty. 1926 Daily News 18 May 4/5 There are many British cars with fine acceleration. 1948 G. Frost Flying Squad v. 55 They do not have nor need an extremely high all-out speed, but have great acceleration. 1987 Pop. Mech. Nov. 87/1 Inboard-powered tournament ski boats with super acceleration and phenomenal pulling ability. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Aug. viii. 11/3 The anytime-anywhere acceleration, cornering and braking..make the TT as delightful to drive as to look at. Phrases acceleration due to gravity n. Physics the acceleration imparted to a body by the gravitational force of a planet; spec. a standard value used for this acceleration on the surface of the earth, defined as exactly 9.80665 ms⁻². ΚΠ 1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 384/1 The acceleration due to gravity was calculated; the actual acceleration moving down the plane was observed. 1925 Science 3 Apr. 355 Acceleration due to gravity = g = 9.80665 = 0.1019716⁻¹ meter/sec². 1990 S. F. Frautschi Mech. Universe vii. 151 What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Mars? 2005 C. M. R. Fowler Solid Earth (ed. 2) v. 196 At the Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity has a value of about 9.81 m s⁻². acceleration of gravity n. Physics the acceleration imparted to a body by the gravitational force of the earth or other such celestial object. ΚΠ 1722 B. Worster Compend. Acct. Princ. Nat. Philos. 60 If a Body be thrown downwards, with such a Velocity as shall make the Resistance of the Medium equal to the Acceleration of Gravity, it will move on with an uniform Motion, according to the first Law. 1830 Mechanics' Mag. 6 Feb. 422/1 I think I have shown that the mechanical accelerating force is a continually decreasing quantity; on the other hand, the acceleration of gravity is uniform and constant. 1916 W. S. Franklin Gen. Physics 531 The acceleration of gravity at London is 32.16 feet per second per second. 2003 B. F. Schutz Gravity from Ground Up ii. 10 The force of gravity F_grav on any object equals its mass m times the acceleration of gravity g. Compounds acceleration clause n. Law and Finance a provision in a loan agreement, mortgage, etc., that stipulates the immediate repayment of a debt to the lender upon breach of contract. ΚΠ 1880 Irish Law Times & Solicitors' Jrnl. 8 May 233/2 Interpreted otherwise than as a penalty, the acceleration clause is in appearance, if not in reality, most extortionate. 1930 Virginia Law Rev. 17 80 There was an acceleration clause providing that the entire debt should fall due at the mortgagee's option at the expiration of twenty days after a default of any interest payment. 2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June 26/2 By this guise of the ‘acceleration’ clause, the bank can ignore the arrears of interest for the missed instalment and demand the full $1 million. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1490
随便看	poetic poetic diction poetic etc licence poetic function poetic justice poetic licence poetic poetical licence poetical poetical justice poeticalities poeticality poetically poeticalness poeticalnesses poeticcer poeticcest poeticer poeticest poetician poeticise poeticised poeticises poeticising poeticism poeticisms