peer reviewn.
/ˌpɪə rᵻˈvjuː/, U.S. /ˌpɪ(r) rəˈvju/, /ˌpɪ(r) riˈvju/ Originally U.S.
1. The review of commercial, professional, or academic efficiency, competence, etc., by others in the same occupation; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > appraisal of character or qualities
estimate1589
vetting1918
appraisal1950
positive vetting1954
performance appraisal1955
peer review1967
1967 Washington Post 21 Nov. a4/8 A ‘peer review’ system... Review boards—made up of prominent physicians and health officials—would demand that doctors and hospitals account for their actions.
1979 Financial Times 26 Feb. 4/1 Peer reviews involve a complete examination of the procedures and practices adopted by accounting firms auditing companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges.
1995 Interzone Feb. 32/1 In most jobs these days you're likely to get some form of feedback on your performance, whether it's couched as, ‘staff appraisal’, ‘peer review’, or whether it's a good old fashioned rollocking from the boss.
2. spec.
a. The evaluation, by experts in the relevant field, of a scientific research project for which a grant is sought.
ΚΠ
1971 Hastings Center Rep. June 3 (heading) Priorities, peer review and public policy.
1977 Listener 7 Apr. 427/3 In the relatively public competition between rival research groups seeking financial support, there is no practical alternative to ‘peer review’ by committees of experts in the relevant fields.
1991 Reason Dec. 30/1 He takes considerable offense at..their appeal for federal funding, outside of the usual channels of peer review.
b. The process by which an academic journal passes a paper submitted for publication to independent experts for comments on its suitability and worth; refereeing.
ΚΠ
1975 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 25 Dec. 1372/1 In many departments of this Journal..the reader will find reports that have passed the muster of peer review. Usually two, but occasionally three or four, experts on the topic of an article will be asked to evaluate its validity, originality and presentation.
1977 Nature 20 Jan. 203/3 Publishing a book is a way of avoiding peer review.
1996 Spectator 31 Aug. 20/1 This process of peer review is designed to weed out glitchy papers and it generally works rather well.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
peer reviewv.
/ˌpɪə rᵻˈvjuː/, U.S. /ˌpɪ(r) rəˈvju/, /ˌpɪ(r) riˈvju/ Originally U.S.
transitive. To subject to, or evaluate by, peer review; to referee (a paper). Usually in passive.
ΚΠ
1975 Nature 4 Dec. 382/1 Most of the rest are reviewed by a panel only, frequently with the applicant along to discuss his proposals, while a few are not peer-reviewed at all.
1983 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Oct. 1004/1 How many of their readers realise that usually these [sc. letters] have not been peer reviewed?
1995 High Country News 13 Nov. 15/3 Every single opportunity the Forest Service has had to manage resources in a credible way that could be peer reviewed they've refused.
Derivatives
ˈpeer reviewing n.
ΚΠ
1982 Behavioral & Brain Sci. 5 218/2 (heading) Peer reviewing: improve or be rejected.
1993 Science 1 Jan. 14/1 This editor knows of no cases when this has occurred in Science's peer-reviewing process.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1967v.1975