pectoraln.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/,

/ˈpɛkt(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s pectorall, late Middle English–1600s pectorell, late Middle English– pectoral, 1500s pecturall, 1500s–1600s pectorel; also Scottish pre-1700 pectrell.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pectoral; Latin pectorāle, pectorālis.

Etymology: As noun < (i) Middle French pectoral (French pectoral ) embroidered ornament worn on a priest's chest (1355), medicine good for respiratory complaints (1426), ornament worn on the chest by the Jewish high priest (1546), pectoral muscle (1561 in plural pectoraux ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pectorāle breastplate, in post-classical Latin also horse's breastplate (11th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), ornament worn with ecclesiastical vestments (13th cent.; from 14th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter of pectorālis (adjective) of or relating to the chest, worn on the breast < pector- , pectus breast (see pectus n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹; in later use, in some senses, directly < pectoral adj. As adjective < (i) Middle French, French pectoral of or relating to the chest (1426 or earlier in membres pectoraulx , plural), good for digestive or respiratory complaints (1478 or earlier), designating breathing in which the muscles of the chest do most of the work (1826 in the passage translated in quot. 1827 at sense B. 1b), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pectorālis (see above). Compare Italian pettorale (noun) part of a horse's harness or trappings which lies over the chest (1231–62 as petorale), breastplate (13th cent. or earlier as pectorale), (adjective) worn on the chest (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in ornamento pettorale), of or relating to the chest (a1406), good for digestive or respiratory complaints (1583 or earlier).With sense A. 1b compare earlier peytral n., poitrel n. With sense B. 4, especially in theological context, compare post-classical Latin pectus est, quod facit theologum the heart makes the theologian (J. A. W. Neander, a1850). With pectoral muscle (see pectoral muscle n. at Compounds) compare French muscle pectoral (1561).

A. n.

I. Something worn on the chest.

†1.

a. The part of a horse's harness or trappings which lies over the chest; an ornamental cloth for the chest of a horse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths

poitrel1490

bard1520

fore-cloth1526

bardingc1540

barb1566

pectoral1602

water-deck1721

rug1790

barbing1799

sweaters1828

quarter blanket1872

quarter cloth1894

peto1957

sweat rug1971

1422–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 619 Et Thome Sadeler pro..Reynes de corr. pro stabulo..Shakelys..heltres..coler..1 pectoral.

1469 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 400 (MED) iij Peynterell..iij renes..iiij pectoral.

1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill ii. xi. 71 His horse sadled with blacke leather,..the pectorel of blacke leather with a crosse paty of gold, hanging before the horse feete.

1650 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Descr. Grand Signor's Seraglio i. 11 The Bridles, pectoralls, Cruppers, Saddle Clothes..set so thick with jewels of divers sorts, that the beholders are amazed.

1662 Act 14 Chas. II c. 3 §23 A Bitt and Bridle with a Pectorell and Crupper.

b. A piece of armour to protect the chest of a horse. Cf. peytral n., poitrel n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun] > for breast

peytral1375

payttrurec1400

poitrel1490

breasting1579

pectoral1590

pectron1590

petrel1602

poitrinal1633

breast harness1660

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons f. 31^v The arrowes..doo become so terrible piques in the eyes and sight of the horses, as also in lighting vppon their shafrons, cranets, or steele pectorells.

1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 30 The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together.

1824 S. R. Meyrick Crit. Inq. into Antient Armour III. Gloss. s.v. Pectorale Sometimes the ends of the pectoral were raised so high as to protect the abdomen of the knight.

a. An ornamental cloth, plate, or other decoration worn on or over a person's chest, esp. as part of ceremonial dress. Now chiefly historical.Used of the ornamental breastplate worn by the Jewish high priest, and of similar ornaments worn with ecclesiastical vestments in various parts of the Christian church. Cf. rationale n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > Jewish

rationaleeOE

breast broocha1382

pectoral?a1439

breast-flap1530

breast lap1530

breastplate1567

oracle1743

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > worn by bishops during celebration of mass

pectoral?a1439

reasonal1574

rationale1849

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > other

breastlineeOE

pectoral?a1439

breastbandc1450

codpiece1577

plastron1883

slendang1885

rabat1975

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 1541 To shewe eek ther he dede his besi cure, Silk synamome..the riche pectoral, Which ordeyned wern in especial For the solempne place of placis all, Sanctum sanctorum.

1445 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 83 (MED) We..have yeve..to the Tresorer..to Deliver unto you..a Pectoral of Golde Garnished with Rubees, Perles, and Diamondes.

a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 222 (MED) Your bolwerkys, pectorellys, and al your nyce aray; Treuly me semyth ye ar a louely may!

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. iiij There be also .xij. Crownes of fyne Golde and .xij. Pectorals & a Ryche Cappe.

c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 322 Syne the pectrell wonder plesantlie Scho pat about hir halse as lillie quhyte.

1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xii. 51 A Pectorall..which the Missalists terme a Chasuble.

1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 16) 300 The twelve stones in Aarons Pectorall.

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 84 In resemblance of this sacred pectoral, or breast-plate, the American Archi-magus wears a breast-plate, made of a white conch-shell.

1876 Catholic World Nov. 271/1 This vestment..owed its peculiar excellence to the pectoral with the Urim and Thummim.

1894 Times 26 May 19/1 A Royal pectoral, on which two crowned hawks support the cartouche of Usertasen II.

1960 S. Marinatos Crete & Mycenae 99 Only the most important of the dead were honoured with gold pectorals and masks.

1994 Sci. News 26 Nov. 366/1 Most striking was a gold pectoral, an expertly worked piece of ceremonial gear consisting of a chest plate connected to an unusual mask of a human head topped by an elaborate headdress.

†b. A piece of armour for the chest; = breastplate n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > armour for front of body > breast-plate

breastplate1358

breastc1380

stomacher1450

vumbard1464

plastron1507

grand guard1548

vantguard1561

breast guard1578

breasting1579

pectoral1656

mamelière1824

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pectoral, a brest-plate or defence for the brest, a Peitrel, Poitrel, or Stomacher.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) A Pectoral, a Breast-plate, Armour, or Defence for the Breast.

1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume 29 A border of metal to the collar, which acted as a pectoral.

†c. A covering to protect the chest from cold; a chest-protector. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > to protect chest from cold

bosom friend1802

pectoral1881

chest-protector1888

1881 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 150 The great majority..still stick to coarse linen next the skin, and use woolen pectorals only as counter-irritants.

†3. A book to be carried next to the chest. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1617 Janua Linguarum Advt. To render the volume as portable..and if not as a manuall or pocket-booke, yet a pectorall or bosome-booke, to be carried twixt ierkin and doublet.

II. Anatomical and medical uses.

4. A medicine, food, or drink considered good for digestive or (esp.) respiratory complaints; esp. an expectorant. Now rare (U.S. in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the chest or lungs

lightwort1587

lungwort1597

pulmonic1663

pectoral1699

thoracic1710

pneumonic1715

drosera1801

lungs of oak1856

1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D^v Eate Penidice, Saccarum Violarum, Sugar Candid, Glicyris, or such other pectorals after them.

1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 89 There are Pectorals for the Breast and Bowels.

1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 22 June (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1360 They recommend an attention to pectorals, such as sago, barley, turnips.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 The roots of the liquorice contain..a sweet subacid mucilaginous juice, which is much esteemed as a pectoral.

1847 Republican Compiler (Gettysburg, Pa.) 1 Nov. 1/1 (advt.) Thomson's Compound Syrup of Tar and Wood Naphtha... This celebrated and powerful remedy formed by a union of the principles of some our most valuable vegetable pectorals, in a combination with [etc.].

1859 J. W. De Forest Seacliff v. 62 It made me think of anodynes and cherry pectorals; it was enough to cure a cold only to hear him talk.

1973 A. R. Hutchens Indian Herbalogy N. Amer. (1991) 180 In pulmonary complaints it is advisable to combine 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract with other pectorals in sweetened water.

5. Short for pectoral muscle n. at Compounds. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > vertebral or costal region

saw-muscle1615

subclavian muscle1615

subclavius1615

latissimus dorsi1616

pectoralis1618

intercostal1681

pectoral1702

pectoralis major1733

pectoralis minor1734

serratus1827

lat1939

pec1949

pect1963

1702 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Nat. Hist. Animals 265 These parts..do evidently serve only for a Basis or Origine to the Muscles which do supply the place of Pectorals; and which draw forward the moveable part of the Arm.

1740 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 2) xlvi. 166 The Ball..came out under the Pectoral.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 193 The great pectoral bringing the arm forward, the deltoid lifting it away from the side.

1870 J. E. Ercihsen Sci. & Art Surg. 408 The head of the bone..cannot always be very distinctly felt, owing to its being thickly covered with soft parts, by the coraco-brachialis as well as by the pectorals.

1956 Strength & Health Nov. 49/1 So far as the chest is concerned, bodybuilders take honors here, with better developed pectorals.

1978 L. Kramer Faggots 39 Your pectorals are perfect. You have the body of an ancient Greek.

2004 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Mar. A football team have arrived for their training routine, they are jostling and joking in Speedos, pectorals puffed out.

6. Zoology. Short for pectoral fin n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > pectoral

pectoral fin1751

pectoral?a1808

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin

finc1000

back-fin?c1225

ventral fin1752

pectoral?a1808

ventral1834

subdorsal1856

pinna1890

?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. IX. 152 The dorsal fin is short, the anal long, and both are united with the tail-fin; the pectorals and ventrals are wanting.

1856 P. H. Gosse Man. Marine Zool. II. 151 Myliobatis (Cuv.). Eagle Ray. Head projecting; pectorals extended like wings.

1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes xii. 101 The ventral fins are abdominal, the dorsal and anal are without spines and the pectorals are inserted high up on the side of the body.

1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) 120 The box-fish..sails over the coral packaged in a crate of bone, its pectorals whirling, its tail fin flickering.

1992 D. G. Campbell Crystal Desert Prol. 7 Sometimes the humpbacks will loiter just offshore, indolently waving their white pectorals in the air and slapping the water.

B. adj.

a. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. Of or relating to the chest; situated on or occurring in the chest; thoracic.In quot. a1500 applied to the womb (perhaps by confusion with pectinal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > [adjective] > chest

pectorala1500

thoracic1656

thoracical1664

thoracious1681

thorakial1716

subpectoral1824

thoracal1963

a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis Medieval Stud. in Memory G. S. Loomis (1927) 459 The howse full chast, the chambyr pectorall [L. Domus pudici pectoris] Of mary modyr of all uirgynes flowre.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 21 The produced partes of the pectorall Spondilles.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 352 The rheume or catarrhe that hath taken a way to the brest or pectorall parts.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 176 A pellicle, or little membrane about the precinct or pectorall division of their body.

1782 Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) 167 The eight upper ribs were formerly classed into pairs, with particular names.., the crooked, the solid, the pectoral, the twisted.

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 33 In general, the pectoral cavity is symmetrical.

1857 A. J. H. Duganne Tenant-house vii. 96 Always, after every sentence she uttered, a dry attempt to cough, or to clear the throat, followed, denoting pectoral disease.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 341 All Vertebrata possess typically two pairs of limbs—the pectoral and pelvic.

1938 Brit. Birds xxxi. 368 At that time the black area of the head and neck in the abnormal bird was ashy-brown..and the pectoral band was absent.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 200 The anterior pectoral appendages are situated just behind the gills in fishes.

2002 Times (Nexis) 11 May From the long white speckled pectoral flippers I knew they were grey whales.

†b. Medicine. Designating breathing in which the muscles of the chest, rather than the abdomen, do most of the work; costal. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1827 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 2) Preliminary Ess. i. 13 If the abdomen dilates with comparatively much greater force than the chest, the respiration is named abdominal; if the contrary obtains, it is called pectoral.

2. Medicine. Of a medicine, food, or drink: good for digestive or (esp.) respiratory complaints. In later use chiefly in pectoral syrup.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [adjective] > for the chest or lungs

pectoral1576

pulmonical1599

pulmoniac1653

pulmonic1694

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 86 A pectorall water, or water for the breast,..that especially auayleth in the weakenesse of the stomacke.

1637 T. Brian Pisse-prophet ii. 13 Some pectorall Physick to ease his cough.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 419 Mountain-mint..is Pectoral and Hepatick.

1723 R. Blackmore Treat. Small-pox 65 Pectoral Medicines ought to be given in this Case.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 246 Peaches..are..cordial and pectoral.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 314 The leaves [of Ferns] generally contain a thick astringent mucilage, with a little aroma, on which account many are considered pectoral and lenitive.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pectoral Moss, a common name for the Lichen pulmonarius.

1905 Atlanta Constit. 12/3 (advt.) Duconge's celebrated pectoral balsamic syrup will cure coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma.

1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. iv. 222 He may prescribe some pectoral syrup or some cough lozenges.

1987 ‘A. Burgess’ Little Wilson & Big God (U.K. ed.) iii. 169 One morning, suffering from a cough, she brought in pectoral syrup in a tea cup.

3. Worn, or intended to be worn, on the chest. Esp. in pectoral cross.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [adjective] > other

cod-pieced1579

pectoral1616

peasecod-bellied1650

wrapping1787

tunical1805

shad-bellied1832

odalisque1837

peplum1866

pubic1892

sack-back1892

middy1894

sarong1913

hip-hugger1932

bloused1935

snake hook1944

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun]

pectoral cross1728

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > cross

pectoral cross1728

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Pectorall, belonging to the breast, or which hangeth before the breast.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In the Romish Church, Bishops and regular Abbots wear a Pectoral Cross.

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. vi. 175 We are led to believe that the formal use of the pectoral cross, as now worn over the chasuble, goes no farther back than the middle of the sixteenth century.

1897 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 5) 696/1 Innocent III. is the first author who clearly mentions the pectoral cross as one of the episcopal insignia.

1907 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 11 379 A grave of the Gothic or early Lombard period. Among the contents were a gold pectoral cross, earrings, and a ring.

1967 P. Goodman Hawkweed 62 When he touched my pectoral cross I did not see him turning green.

2001 Sunday Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 29 Apr. (Mag.) 20 A cut-gold pectoral plaque showing Amenemhat IV, the last Pharaoh of the 12th dynasty.

4. figurative. Relating to or derived from a person's inner feelings or consciousness. Cf. pectoralist n. Now chiefly Theology.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > [adjective]

affectivec1443

pathetical1603

affectual1604

pectorala1631

pathetic1649

affectuous1664

sentimental1765

pathological1796

pathematic1822

emotive1830

emotional1831

affectional1844

spiritual1848

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 204 Let..no Angell of the Church,..proceed upon an ipse dixit, upon his own pectorall word, and determination.

1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 173 At this time a good mans tongue is in his breast, not in his mouth, his words are then so pithy and so pectorall.

1865 tr. D. F. Strauss New Life Jesus I. i. viii. 44 The inflated language here used betrays already the pectoral colouring which Keim expressly claims for his work.

1888 Eng. Hist. Rev. 3 776 Mr. Lea knows more about him [sc. Dolcino] and has better materials than the ponderous professor of pectoral theology [sc. Neander].

a1961 J. Kelly in Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1961) (at cited word) Wildly implausible tale..conforms to every pectoral rule of historical fiction without ever quite spinning an illusion.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 456/2 The ‘pectoral heart theology’ of these orthodox Lutherans found its highest expression and widest audience in the writings of Arndt.

Compounds

pectoral arch n. Anatomy and Zoology = pectoral girdle n.

ΚΠ

1841 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 131 137 Pectoral arch.—Several bones, evidently referable to a complicated sternal apparatus, approximating to that of the Lizard family.

1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals 256 [In Crocodilia] the pectoral arch has no clavicle, and the coracoid has no distinct epicoracoidal element.

1947 Amer. Midland Naturalist 38 734 Suprascapula is the name given to designate that formation of calcified cartilage which constitutes the most dorsal element of the pectoral arch.

pectoral cross n. see sense B. 3.

pectoral fin n. either of the paired lateral fins attached to the pectoral girdle in fishes, corresponding to the forelimbs of other vertebrates; (also) the reduced forelimb or flipper of a whale, manatee, or similar marine mammal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > pectoral

pectoral fin1751

pectoral?a1808

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > limb > fin or flipper

pinna1688

pinnule1688

pinnula1734

pectoral fin1751

flipper1822

flapper1836

1751 Adventures G. Edwards iv. ii. 184 There is a black Spot near the Root of each of the pectoral Fins.

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 8 This series arises from a bone which borders the opening for the gills, and the pectoral fin, with its scapula and muscles, is situated between its foremost flakes.

1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) vii. 342 The Toad-fishes, or Anglers (Antennarius), whose pectoral and ventral fins have much of the form and also the functions of the feet of a quadruped.

1926 Z. Grey Angler's Eldorado 178 His whole underside, white as snow, with the immense pectoral fins black against the horizon, shone clearly to my distended eyes.

1990 M. J. Benton Vertebr. Palaeontol. vi. 124 Denaea..has a whip-like extension to the pectoral fin called a metapterygial axis.

pectoral girdle n. Anatomy and Zoology the framework of bones which supports the forelimbs; the shoulder girdle.

ΚΠ

1879 Philos. Trans. 1878 (Royal Soc.) 169 712 The latter serve to attach the pectoral girdle to the postero-lateral angles of the skull.

1965 R. Morris & D. Morris Men & Snakes viii. 168 No single snake has ever been found with even the tiniest remnants of front limbs or a pectoral girdle.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 201 The pectoral girdle is, in all major groups except the Chondrichthyes, a duplex structure, including both dermal and endoskeletal elements.

pectoral muscle n. Anatomy and Zoology each of the four large paired muscles (pectoralis major and minor) which cover the front of the ribcage and serve to draw the forelimbs towards the chest (frequently in plural).

ΚΠ

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 776 The first is called Pectoralis the Pectorall Muscle, so named from his situation, because it occupieth the forepart of the Chest.

1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 482 The Pectoral Muscles in Birds are the..strongest.

1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 27 The great pectoral muscle, going from the first bone of the sternum to the first bone of the pectoral fin, and a small one under it which may be called the small pectoral muscle.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 941/1 A little below it [sc. the nipple] the lower limit of the great pectoral muscle is seen running upward and outward to the axilla.

1998 Zest July 108/1 Exercise your pectoral muscles regularly by doing weights on a bench that's [etc.].

pectoral quail n. the stubble quail, Coturnix pectoralis.

ΚΠ

1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. V. Pl. 88 Coturnix pectoralis.., pectoral quail.

1900 R. Hall Insectivorous Birds 208 The Stubble or Pectoral Quail..is the largest of our so-called quails.

1993 S. Marchant & P. J. Higgins Handbk. Austral., N.Z., & Antarctic Birds II. 390 Stubble quail... Grey or Pectoral Quail.

pectoral ridge n. Anatomy and Zoology the outer lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, into which the pectoralis major muscle is inserted.

ΚΠ

1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 264 The pectoral ridge is continued from the lower, slightly outstanding, part of this tuberosity.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 206 Into the lateral tip of the intertubercular groove are inserted the fibres of the pectoralis major muscle; hence it is sometimes described as the pectoral ridge.

1988 Current Anthropol. 29 128/2 On the proximal half of the shaft they will be concentrated on the anterior surface, along the pectoral ridge.

pectoral sandpiper n. a migratory sandpiper, Calidris melanotos, breeding chiefly in Arctic Canada and characterized by dark, streaked markings on the breast.

ΚΠ

1828 C. L. Bonaparte Genera N. Amer. Birds 318 The pectoral sandpiper..inhabits throughout the United States and West Indies.

1961 G. M. Sutton in D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles IX. 304 Among American bird students the pectoral sandpiper is considered the largest of the ‘peeps’.

2003 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 14 Sept. 6 j One of the most abundant shorebirds in Indiana is the pectoral sandpiper.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pectoral
释义	pectoraln.adj. Brit. /ˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/, /ˈpɛkt(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s pectorall, late Middle English–1600s pectorell, late Middle English– pectoral, 1500s pecturall, 1500s–1600s pectorel; also Scottish pre-1700 pectrell. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pectoral; Latin pectorāle, pectorālis. Etymology: As noun < (i) Middle French pectoral (French pectoral ) embroidered ornament worn on a priest's chest (1355), medicine good for respiratory complaints (1426), ornament worn on the chest by the Jewish high priest (1546), pectoral muscle (1561 in plural pectoraux ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pectorāle breastplate, in post-classical Latin also horse's breastplate (11th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), ornament worn with ecclesiastical vestments (13th cent.; from 14th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter of pectorālis (adjective) of or relating to the chest, worn on the breast < pector- , pectus breast (see pectus n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹; in later use, in some senses, directly < pectoral adj. As adjective < (i) Middle French, French pectoral of or relating to the chest (1426 or earlier in membres pectoraulx , plural), good for digestive or respiratory complaints (1478 or earlier), designating breathing in which the muscles of the chest do most of the work (1826 in the passage translated in quot. 1827 at sense B. 1b), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pectorālis (see above). Compare Italian pettorale (noun) part of a horse's harness or trappings which lies over the chest (1231–62 as petorale), breastplate (13th cent. or earlier as pectorale), (adjective) worn on the chest (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in ornamento pettorale), of or relating to the chest (a1406), good for digestive or respiratory complaints (1583 or earlier).With sense A. 1b compare earlier peytral n., poitrel n. With sense B. 4, especially in theological context, compare post-classical Latin pectus est, quod facit theologum the heart makes the theologian (J. A. W. Neander, a1850). With pectoral muscle (see pectoral muscle n. at Compounds) compare French muscle pectoral (1561). A. n. I. Something worn on the chest. †1. a. The part of a horse's harness or trappings which lies over the chest; an ornamental cloth for the chest of a horse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths poitrel1490 bard1520 fore-cloth1526 bardingc1540 barb1566 pectoral1602 water-deck1721 rug1790 barbing1799 sweaters1828 quarter blanket1872 quarter cloth1894 peto1957 sweat rug1971 1422–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 619 Et Thome Sadeler pro..Reynes de corr. pro stabulo..Shakelys..heltres..coler..1 pectoral. 1469 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 400 (MED) iij Peynterell..iij renes..iiij pectoral. 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill ii. xi. 71 His horse sadled with blacke leather,..the pectorel of blacke leather with a crosse paty of gold, hanging before the horse feete. 1650 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Descr. Grand Signor's Seraglio i. 11 The Bridles, pectoralls, Cruppers, Saddle Clothes..set so thick with jewels of divers sorts, that the beholders are amazed. 1662 Act 14 Chas. II c. 3 §23 A Bitt and Bridle with a Pectorell and Crupper. b. A piece of armour to protect the chest of a horse. Cf. peytral n., poitrel n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun] > for breast peytral1375 payttrurec1400 poitrel1490 breasting1579 pectoral1590 pectron1590 petrel1602 poitrinal1633 breast harness1660 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons f. 31^v The arrowes..doo become so terrible piques in the eyes and sight of the horses, as also in lighting vppon their shafrons, cranets, or steele pectorells. 1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 30 The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together. 1824 S. R. Meyrick Crit. Inq. into Antient Armour III. Gloss. s.v. Pectorale Sometimes the ends of the pectoral were raised so high as to protect the abdomen of the knight. 2. a. An ornamental cloth, plate, or other decoration worn on or over a person's chest, esp. as part of ceremonial dress. Now chiefly historical.Used of the ornamental breastplate worn by the Jewish high priest, and of similar ornaments worn with ecclesiastical vestments in various parts of the Christian church. Cf. rationale n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > Jewish rationaleeOE breast broocha1382 pectoral?a1439 breast-flap1530 breast lap1530 breastplate1567 oracle1743 society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > worn by bishops during celebration of mass pectoral?a1439 reasonal1574 rationale1849 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > other breastlineeOE pectoral?a1439 breastbandc1450 codpiece1577 plastron1883 slendang1885 rabat1975 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 1541 To shewe eek ther he dede his besi cure, Silk synamome..the riche pectoral, Which ordeyned wern in especial For the solempne place of placis all, Sanctum sanctorum. 1445 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 83 (MED) We..have yeve..to the Tresorer..to Deliver unto you..a Pectoral of Golde Garnished with Rubees, Perles, and Diamondes. a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 222 (MED) Your bolwerkys, pectorellys, and al your nyce aray; Treuly me semyth ye ar a louely may! 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. iiij There be also .xij. Crownes of fyne Golde and .xij. Pectorals & a Ryche Cappe. c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 322 Syne the pectrell wonder plesantlie Scho pat about hir halse as lillie quhyte. 1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xii. 51 A Pectorall..which the Missalists terme a Chasuble. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 16) 300 The twelve stones in Aarons Pectorall. 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 84 In resemblance of this sacred pectoral, or breast-plate, the American Archi-magus wears a breast-plate, made of a white conch-shell. 1876 Catholic World Nov. 271/1 This vestment..owed its peculiar excellence to the pectoral with the Urim and Thummim. 1894 Times 26 May 19/1 A Royal pectoral, on which two crowned hawks support the cartouche of Usertasen II. 1960 S. Marinatos Crete & Mycenae 99 Only the most important of the dead were honoured with gold pectorals and masks. 1994 Sci. News 26 Nov. 366/1 Most striking was a gold pectoral, an expertly worked piece of ceremonial gear consisting of a chest plate connected to an unusual mask of a human head topped by an elaborate headdress. †b. A piece of armour for the chest; = breastplate n. 1a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > armour for front of body > breast-plate breastplate1358 breastc1380 stomacher1450 vumbard1464 plastron1507 grand guard1548 vantguard1561 breast guard1578 breasting1579 pectoral1656 mamelière1824 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pectoral, a brest-plate or defence for the brest, a Peitrel, Poitrel, or Stomacher. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) A Pectoral, a Breast-plate, Armour, or Defence for the Breast. 1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume 29 A border of metal to the collar, which acted as a pectoral. †c. A covering to protect the chest from cold; a chest-protector. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > to protect chest from cold bosom friend1802 pectoral1881 chest-protector1888 1881 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 150 The great majority..still stick to coarse linen next the skin, and use woolen pectorals only as counter-irritants. †3. A book to be carried next to the chest. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1617 Janua Linguarum Advt. To render the volume as portable..and if not as a manuall or pocket-booke, yet a pectorall or bosome-booke, to be carried twixt ierkin and doublet. II. Anatomical and medical uses. 4. A medicine, food, or drink considered good for digestive or (esp.) respiratory complaints; esp. an expectorant. Now rare (U.S. in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the chest or lungs lightwort1587 lungwort1597 pulmonic1663 pectoral1699 thoracic1710 pneumonic1715 drosera1801 lungs of oak1856 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D^v Eate Penidice, Saccarum Violarum, Sugar Candid, Glicyris, or such other pectorals after them. 1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 89 There are Pectorals for the Breast and Bowels. 1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 22 June (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1360 They recommend an attention to pectorals, such as sago, barley, turnips. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 The roots of the liquorice contain..a sweet subacid mucilaginous juice, which is much esteemed as a pectoral. 1847 Republican Compiler (Gettysburg, Pa.) 1 Nov. 1/1 (advt.) Thomson's Compound Syrup of Tar and Wood Naphtha... This celebrated and powerful remedy formed by a union of the principles of some our most valuable vegetable pectorals, in a combination with [etc.]. 1859 J. W. De Forest Seacliff v. 62 It made me think of anodynes and cherry pectorals; it was enough to cure a cold only to hear him talk. 1973 A. R. Hutchens Indian Herbalogy N. Amer. (1991) 180 In pulmonary complaints it is advisable to combine 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract with other pectorals in sweetened water. 5. Short for pectoral muscle n. at Compounds. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > vertebral or costal region saw-muscle1615 subclavian muscle1615 subclavius1615 latissimus dorsi1616 pectoralis1618 intercostal1681 pectoral1702 pectoralis major1733 pectoralis minor1734 serratus1827 lat1939 pec1949 pect1963 1702 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Nat. Hist. Animals 265 These parts..do evidently serve only for a Basis or Origine to the Muscles which do supply the place of Pectorals; and which draw forward the moveable part of the Arm. 1740 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 2) xlvi. 166 The Ball..came out under the Pectoral. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 193 The great pectoral bringing the arm forward, the deltoid lifting it away from the side. 1870 J. E. Ercihsen Sci. & Art Surg. 408 The head of the bone..cannot always be very distinctly felt, owing to its being thickly covered with soft parts, by the coraco-brachialis as well as by the pectorals. 1956 Strength & Health Nov. 49/1 So far as the chest is concerned, bodybuilders take honors here, with better developed pectorals. 1978 L. Kramer Faggots 39 Your pectorals are perfect. You have the body of an ancient Greek. 2004 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 11 Mar. A football team have arrived for their training routine, they are jostling and joking in Speedos, pectorals puffed out. 6. Zoology. Short for pectoral fin n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > pectoral pectoral fin1751 pectoral?a1808 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin finc1000 back-fin?c1225 ventral fin1752 pectoral?a1808 ventral1834 subdorsal1856 pinna1890 ?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. IX. 152 The dorsal fin is short, the anal long, and both are united with the tail-fin; the pectorals and ventrals are wanting. 1856 P. H. Gosse Man. Marine Zool. II. 151 Myliobatis (Cuv.). Eagle Ray. Head projecting; pectorals extended like wings. 1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes xii. 101 The ventral fins are abdominal, the dorsal and anal are without spines and the pectorals are inserted high up on the side of the body. 1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) 120 The box-fish..sails over the coral packaged in a crate of bone, its pectorals whirling, its tail fin flickering. 1992 D. G. Campbell Crystal Desert Prol. 7 Sometimes the humpbacks will loiter just offshore, indolently waving their white pectorals in the air and slapping the water. B. adj. 1. a. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. Of or relating to the chest; situated on or occurring in the chest; thoracic.In quot. a1500 applied to the womb (perhaps by confusion with pectinal). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > [adjective] > chest pectorala1500 thoracic1656 thoracical1664 thoracious1681 thorakial1716 subpectoral1824 thoracal1963 a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis Medieval Stud. in Memory G. S. Loomis (1927) 459 The howse full chast, the chambyr pectorall [L. Domus pudici pectoris] Of mary modyr of all uirgynes flowre. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 21 The produced partes of the pectorall Spondilles. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 352 The rheume or catarrhe that hath taken a way to the brest or pectorall parts. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 176 A pellicle, or little membrane about the precinct or pectorall division of their body. View more context for this quotation 1782 Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) 167 The eight upper ribs were formerly classed into pairs, with particular names.., the crooked, the solid, the pectoral, the twisted. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 33 In general, the pectoral cavity is symmetrical. 1857 A. J. H. Duganne Tenant-house vii. 96 Always, after every sentence she uttered, a dry attempt to cough, or to clear the throat, followed, denoting pectoral disease. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 341 All Vertebrata possess typically two pairs of limbs—the pectoral and pelvic. 1938 Brit. Birds xxxi. 368 At that time the black area of the head and neck in the abnormal bird was ashy-brown..and the pectoral band was absent. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 200 The anterior pectoral appendages are situated just behind the gills in fishes. 2002 Times (Nexis) 11 May From the long white speckled pectoral flippers I knew they were grey whales. †b. Medicine. Designating breathing in which the muscles of the chest, rather than the abdomen, do most of the work; costal. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1827 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 2) Preliminary Ess. i. 13 If the abdomen dilates with comparatively much greater force than the chest, the respiration is named abdominal; if the contrary obtains, it is called pectoral. 2. Medicine. Of a medicine, food, or drink: good for digestive or (esp.) respiratory complaints. In later use chiefly in pectoral syrup. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [adjective] > for the chest or lungs pectoral1576 pulmonical1599 pulmoniac1653 pulmonic1694 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 86 A pectorall water, or water for the breast,..that especially auayleth in the weakenesse of the stomacke. 1637 T. Brian Pisse-prophet ii. 13 Some pectorall Physick to ease his cough. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 419 Mountain-mint..is Pectoral and Hepatick. 1723 R. Blackmore Treat. Small-pox 65 Pectoral Medicines ought to be given in this Case. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 246 Peaches..are..cordial and pectoral. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 314 The leaves [of Ferns] generally contain a thick astringent mucilage, with a little aroma, on which account many are considered pectoral and lenitive. 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pectoral Moss, a common name for the Lichen pulmonarius. 1905 Atlanta Constit. 12/3 (advt.) Duconge's celebrated pectoral balsamic syrup will cure coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma. 1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. iv. 222 He may prescribe some pectoral syrup or some cough lozenges. 1987 ‘A. Burgess’ Little Wilson & Big God (U.K. ed.) iii. 169 One morning, suffering from a cough, she brought in pectoral syrup in a tea cup. 3. Worn, or intended to be worn, on the chest. Esp. in pectoral cross. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [adjective] > other cod-pieced1579 pectoral1616 peasecod-bellied1650 wrapping1787 tunical1805 shad-bellied1832 odalisque1837 peplum1866 pubic1892 sack-back1892 middy1894 sarong1913 hip-hugger1932 bloused1935 snake hook1944 society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] pectoral cross1728 society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > cross pectoral cross1728 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Pectorall, belonging to the breast, or which hangeth before the breast. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In the Romish Church, Bishops and regular Abbots wear a Pectoral Cross. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. vi. 175 We are led to believe that the formal use of the pectoral cross, as now worn over the chasuble, goes no farther back than the middle of the sixteenth century. 1897 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 5) 696/1 Innocent III. is the first author who clearly mentions the pectoral cross as one of the episcopal insignia. 1907 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 11 379 A grave of the Gothic or early Lombard period. Among the contents were a gold pectoral cross, earrings, and a ring. 1967 P. Goodman Hawkweed 62 When he touched my pectoral cross I did not see him turning green. 2001 Sunday Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 29 Apr. (Mag.) 20 A cut-gold pectoral plaque showing Amenemhat IV, the last Pharaoh of the 12th dynasty. 4. figurative. Relating to or derived from a person's inner feelings or consciousness. Cf. pectoralist n. Now chiefly Theology. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > [adjective] affectivec1443 pathetical1603 affectual1604 pectorala1631 pathetic1649 affectuous1664 sentimental1765 pathological1796 pathematic1822 emotive1830 emotional1831 affectional1844 spiritual1848 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 204 Let..no Angell of the Church,..proceed upon an ipse dixit, upon his own pectorall word, and determination. 1633 Earl of Manchester Al Mondo: Contemplatio Mortis (rev. ed.) 173 At this time a good mans tongue is in his breast, not in his mouth, his words are then so pithy and so pectorall. 1865 tr. D. F. Strauss New Life Jesus I. i. viii. 44 The inflated language here used betrays already the pectoral colouring which Keim expressly claims for his work. 1888 Eng. Hist. Rev. 3 776 Mr. Lea knows more about him [sc. Dolcino] and has better materials than the ponderous professor of pectoral theology [sc. Neander]. a1961 J. Kelly in Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1961) (at cited word) Wildly implausible tale..conforms to every pectoral rule of historical fiction without ever quite spinning an illusion. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 456/2 The ‘pectoral heart theology’ of these orthodox Lutherans found its highest expression and widest audience in the writings of Arndt. Compounds pectoral arch n. Anatomy and Zoology = pectoral girdle n. ΚΠ 1841 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 131 137 Pectoral arch.—Several bones, evidently referable to a complicated sternal apparatus, approximating to that of the Lizard family. 1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals 256 [In Crocodilia] the pectoral arch has no clavicle, and the coracoid has no distinct epicoracoidal element. 1947 Amer. Midland Naturalist 38 734 Suprascapula is the name given to designate that formation of calcified cartilage which constitutes the most dorsal element of the pectoral arch. pectoral cross n. see sense B. 3. pectoral fin n. either of the paired lateral fins attached to the pectoral girdle in fishes, corresponding to the forelimbs of other vertebrates; (also) the reduced forelimb or flipper of a whale, manatee, or similar marine mammal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > pectoral pectoral fin1751 pectoral?a1808 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > limb > fin or flipper pinna1688 pinnule1688 pinnula1734 pectoral fin1751 flipper1822 flapper1836 1751 Adventures G. Edwards iv. ii. 184 There is a black Spot near the Root of each of the pectoral Fins. 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 8 This series arises from a bone which borders the opening for the gills, and the pectoral fin, with its scapula and muscles, is situated between its foremost flakes. 1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) vii. 342 The Toad-fishes, or Anglers (Antennarius), whose pectoral and ventral fins have much of the form and also the functions of the feet of a quadruped. 1926 Z. Grey Angler's Eldorado 178 His whole underside, white as snow, with the immense pectoral fins black against the horizon, shone clearly to my distended eyes. 1990 M. J. Benton Vertebr. Palaeontol. vi. 124 Denaea..has a whip-like extension to the pectoral fin called a metapterygial axis. pectoral girdle n. Anatomy and Zoology the framework of bones which supports the forelimbs; the shoulder girdle. ΚΠ 1879 Philos. Trans. 1878 (Royal Soc.) 169 712 The latter serve to attach the pectoral girdle to the postero-lateral angles of the skull. 1965 R. Morris & D. Morris Men & Snakes viii. 168 No single snake has ever been found with even the tiniest remnants of front limbs or a pectoral girdle. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 201 The pectoral girdle is, in all major groups except the Chondrichthyes, a duplex structure, including both dermal and endoskeletal elements. pectoral muscle n. Anatomy and Zoology each of the four large paired muscles (pectoralis major and minor) which cover the front of the ribcage and serve to draw the forelimbs towards the chest (frequently in plural). ΚΠ 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 776 The first is called Pectoralis the Pectorall Muscle, so named from his situation, because it occupieth the forepart of the Chest. 1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 482 The Pectoral Muscles in Birds are the..strongest. 1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 27 The great pectoral muscle, going from the first bone of the sternum to the first bone of the pectoral fin, and a small one under it which may be called the small pectoral muscle. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 941/1 A little below it [sc. the nipple] the lower limit of the great pectoral muscle is seen running upward and outward to the axilla. 1998 Zest July 108/1 Exercise your pectoral muscles regularly by doing weights on a bench that's [etc.]. pectoral quail n. the stubble quail, Coturnix pectoralis. ΚΠ 1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. V. Pl. 88 Coturnix pectoralis.., pectoral quail. 1900 R. Hall Insectivorous Birds 208 The Stubble or Pectoral Quail..is the largest of our so-called quails. 1993 S. Marchant & P. J. Higgins Handbk. Austral., N.Z., & Antarctic Birds II. 390 Stubble quail... Grey or Pectoral Quail. pectoral ridge n. Anatomy and Zoology the outer lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, into which the pectoralis major muscle is inserted. ΚΠ 1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 264 The pectoral ridge is continued from the lower, slightly outstanding, part of this tuberosity. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 206 Into the lateral tip of the intertubercular groove are inserted the fibres of the pectoralis major muscle; hence it is sometimes described as the pectoral ridge. 1988 Current Anthropol. 29 128/2 On the proximal half of the shaft they will be concentrated on the anterior surface, along the pectoral ridge. pectoral sandpiper n. a migratory sandpiper, Calidris melanotos, breeding chiefly in Arctic Canada and characterized by dark, streaked markings on the breast. ΚΠ 1828 C. L. Bonaparte Genera N. Amer. Birds 318 The pectoral sandpiper..inhabits throughout the United States and West Indies. 1961 G. M. Sutton in D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles IX. 304 Among American bird students the pectoral sandpiper is considered the largest of the ‘peeps’. 2003 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 14 Sept. 6 j One of the most abundant shorebirds in Indiana is the pectoral sandpiper. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1422
随便看	have or bear swinge have or get a crush on have or get a person set have or get one's gruel have or get one's sea legs on have or get one's sleep out have or get set have or get the gimmes have or give a list have or go in upon good cards have or hold a person suspect hawse-timber hawse-wood hawsebag hawseblock hawsebolster hawsebox hawseboxing hawsebuckler hawsed hawsefallen hawsefull hawsehole hawseholes hawsehook