Pearsonn.
/ˈpɪəsn/, U.S. /ˈpɪrs(ə)n/ Statistics. attributive and in the genitive.
1. Designating or relating to a correlation coefficient calculated from the product moment and equal to the covariance divided by the geometric mean of the variances. Cf. product moment n. at product n.1 Compounds 2.
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the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > variable > relationship between sets of variables > coefficient of correlation
correlation coefficient or coefficient of correlation1888
product moment1895
Pearson1903
rho1907
Spearman1907
phi coefficient1929
1903 Science 17 July 82/2 There is not any very great variation in the correlations between marks in academic subjects, such as the languages, sciences and mathematics. The Pearson coefficients run between 40 per cent. and 60 per cent.
1957 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statist. Terms 215 The product-moment coefficient of correlation is sometimes referred to as the Pearson coefficient of correlation because of K. Pearson's part in introducing it into general use.
1973 L. D. Phillips Bayesian Statistics xii. 294 Transform the ranks into normal scores, compute the Pearson-r between the pairs of scores and use the inference method just discussed.
1988 Amer. Statistician 42 61/1 Many ‘competing’ correlation indexes are in fact special cases of Pearson's formula.
2001 School Sci. Rev. Dec. 27/1 The most common tests for correlation are the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) for normally-distributed (parametric) data, and the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient.
2. Designating or relating to the members of a family of curves including many probability distribution functions, described by Pearson in 1894–5.
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the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph
probability curve1863
Pearson1908
scatter diagram1925
scattergraph1935
correlogram1938
scattergram1938
scatter plot1971
1896 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 59 324 The curve thus obtained (Professor Pearson's Type III).]
1908 Biometrika 6 124 It deals with the..Pearson Type curves. The latter are re-numbered and the normal curve appears as Type I, and the Pearson Type III is called II.
1927 H. L. Rietz Math. Statistics iii. 58 The method of moments plays an essential rôle in the Pearson system of frequency curves.
1993 Appl. Statistics 42 55 An attempt to extend the results available for non-normal distributions using the Pearson family of probability curves has recently been made.
3. Designating or relating to a measure of the skewness of statistical distributions.
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the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > skewness > measure of
Pearson1911
1897 Proc. Royal Soc. 1896–7 60 226 Professor Pearson's measure of skewness for a curve of unlimited range.]
1911 G. U. Yule Introd. Theory Statistics viii. 150 There is, however, only one generally recognised measure of skewness, and that is Pearson's measure..—skewness = mean − mode/ standard deviation... The numerator of the above fraction may..be replaced approximately by 3 (mean − median).
1954 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 49 250 The degree of asymmetry was established using Pearson's measure of skewness which equaled 0.05.
1997 Ann. Statistics 25 1988 Oja (1983) generalized the Pearson measure of skewness by the parameter (μ2 − μ1)′Σ−1(μ2 − μ1), where μ1 is the Oja median and μ2 is a generalized mean, μ2 − μ1 giving the direction of skewness.
4. Designating or relating to the chi-squared test, esp. in the form devised by Pearson in 1900 and based on the formula Σ(O −E)2/E (where O stands for the observed frequency and E for the expected frequency).
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the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > test to compare observed and theoretical values
Pearson1912
chi-square1936
1912 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 13 203 Pearson's test depends upon a variable χ2 [sic] = S{(mr − mr′)2/mr} where mr is the theoretical frequency and mr′ the observed.
1936 J. B. S. Haldane in Biometrika 31 346 Pearson's measure of divergence, χ2, can be used not only as a test of goodness of fit, but as a test of homogeneity when the expectations are unknown before the samples are observed.
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 19 798/2 Eight trials used traditional statistical methods, such as the Pearson chi-square test and the unpaired t-test, which are appropriate only under individual randomization.
5. Designating a set of formulae used to estimate human stature from the length of limb bones.Pearson's formulae were published in Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A. (1899) 192 196.
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the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > statistics > study of > within specific field > for estimating human stature
Pearson1912
1911 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 41 123 The stature of these Saxons, as deduced by K. Pearson's tables from the length of the humerus.., tallies very closely with that obtained from the femur.]
1912 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 42 363 One estimates that in life he must have had a stature of about 1,800 (5 ft. 10 in.)—or, if we use Pearson's formula.., 1750 mm. (5 ft. 9 in.).
1947 Sci. News 4 40 These Pearson formulas are quite remarkable in their accuracy.
1966 R. Jackson Crime Doctors 25 Simpson measured the only intact bone he had—the upper part of the left arm—and, using Pearson's formula, concluded that the bones were those of a woman who had been slightly over five feet tall.
1977 Current Anthropol. 18 533/2 Estimated stature, calculated by Pearson's formulae, ranges between 155.75 cm and 175.11 cm in males.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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