单词 | pastry |
释义 | pastryn. 1. a. Originally: a stiff but malleable mixture of flour moistened with water or milk and kneaded to make dough. In later use: this material with the addition of butter, lard, or other fatty substance, as used to form a base and covering for baked dishes such as pies; this material after being baked, in its edible form. Cf. paste n. 1a. Somewhat rare before 17th cent.Recorded earliest in compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [noun] paste1288 breadc1400 pastry1442 1442 in B. Marsh Rec. Worshipful Company Carpenters (1914) II. 7 (MED) Payed for j pastre bowrde. 1449 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 112 (MED) De j tabula pro le pastree, vocata pastrybord, vj d. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Opus pistorium, pasterie woorke. 1626 H. Parrot Epitaphs in Cures for Itch sig. G7v Death through the pastry peeping in disguise, Took poor Tom Cook from making of his pies. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 343 Meats of noblest sort..In pastry built. View more context for this quotation 1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress xxv In Pastry Kings and Queens th'allotted Mite to spend. 1788 G. Colman Ways & Means ii. 37 She'll be in..a fine fuss with preparations for tomorrow, I warrant: up to the neck in beef, gowns, ducks, jewels, ribbons, and puff pastry. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xii. 149 Tarts wherein the raspberry jam coyly withdrew itself..behind a lattice-work of pastry. 1892 A. B. Marshall Larger Cookery Bk. xiv. 528 Prepare a pastry fleur case with paste as below and cook it as for Fleur of Apples. 1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) xxxi. 883 The pastry may be used at once, but it will be lighter if allowed to stand for 1 hour. 1966 N. Nelson Your Guide to Syria 73 White cheese mixed with fine rice beaten together with lemon juice until it looks like unbaked pastry. 2000 K. Atkinson Emotionally Weird (2001) 72 Kevin..was stuffing a huge Forfar bridie into his mouth, greasy flakes of pastry adhering to his puffy lips. b. Articles of food made of pastry, or of which pastry forms an essential part, collectively. Now: spec. pies, tarts, etc., after being baked.Recorded earliest in pastry house n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [noun] > article(s) made of bakemeatc1405 pastry1526 baked meat?1560 pastry work1565 paste meat1597 patisserie1784 tabnab1933 1526 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) (modernized text) IV. ii. 1219 Behind the kitchen southward be goodly larder houses, pastry houses,..slaughter and fish houses. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ix. f. liiii Beware of..spycerye, pastrye, and breed not verye well leuened. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. Y2v Lest rapt from hence, I see thee lye Torn for the use of Pasterie. 1726 J. Barker Lining of Patch-work Screen 95 She..was so ready at all Sauces and savory Meats, all manner of Pickling and Pastry. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 124 The diet..includes a large variety of pastry. 1883 A. Thomas Mod. Housewife 14 Ducklings and roast pigeons followed, then some pastry and a well-made soufflé. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. ix. 217 The dominant odor was of hot coffee; but that aroma was carried to still higher delight by a suggestion of pastry. 1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart iii. 92 It was grand, a truly grand homecoming: lifers off the sauce, raccoons that dodge, cheese and pastry for everybody. c. A small cake or other confection made wholly or partly of pastry. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > sweet or rich pastries > [noun] puff1419 curd tart1594 baklava1650 petits choux1702 chou1706 pastry1708 millefeuille1733 pithivier1834 frangipane1844 apple strudel1850 cream puff1851 ensaimada1867 profiterole1884 Napoleon cake1892 strudel1893 milk tart1896 Napoleon1896 St. Honoré1907 cream horn1908 bear claw1915 butterhorn1920 churro1929 vanilla slice1930 Danish pastry1934 gur cake1936 rugelach1941 pain au chocolat1944 religieuse1954 Pop Tart1964 Napoleon pastry1969 1708 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. II. vii. 153 This excellent Production of the Cane in Barbadoes... Most Fruits wou'd be pernicious without it; the finest Pastries cou'd not be made, nor the rich Cordials. 1766 Pennsylvania Gaz. 12 June 3/2 He likewise keeps a large Confectioners Shop, where Ladies and Gentlemen may be supplied with Cakes and Pastries of all Sorts. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Hoglin, a homely kind of pastry. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xvii. 204 With the pastries and so-on, the heavy drinking began. 1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) xxxi. 879 Since the dinner à la Russe banished almost everything of an edible nature from the table, any talent in this direction has been chiefly expended on small pastries. 1960 E. David French Provinc. Cooking 435 The ingredients of good pastries..are very expensive. 1988 M. Spark Far Cry from Kensington iii. 27 They ate sweet cakes and creamy pastries with tea and lemon. 2. The art or skill of a person who makes pastry; pastry-making. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing pastry, biscuits, or cake > [noun] pastrya1516 biscuit making1835 pastrycookery1860 a1516 H. Medwall Godely Interlude Fulgens sig. Di v He that can do most maystry Be it in cokery or in pastry. 1673 B. Makin Ess. to revive Antient Educ. Gentlewomen 43 Those that please, may learn Limning, Preserving, Pastry and Cookery. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 314. ⁋ 13 The whole Art of Paistrey and Preserving. 1752 J. Middleton & H. Howard (title) Five hundred new receipts in cookery, confectionery, pastry [etc.]. 1848 (title) The family's guide..; together with directions for cookery, pastry, and confectionary. 2003 Newsday (Nexis) 14 May b43 (headline) Savoring the Guyanese art of pastry—in Queens. 3. A place or building where pastry is made. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > place where pastry made or sold pastehouse1471 pastry?a1527 pastry shop1656 pasticceria1921 ?a1527 in Regulations & Establishm. Househ. Earl of Northumberland (1905) 873 It ys Ordynede at every Remevall that the Stuf of the Kechinge Squillery Lardre and Pastrey shall be apontide ij Cariages. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 10v Hereby is a Backhouse and a Pastrie with two Ouens. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 2 They call for dates and quinces in the Pastrie . View more context for this quotation ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 150 A Pastery or Larder. c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 66 Their kitching, pastry, and pantry. 1745 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 149 Pastry: 1 Boulting Mill, two Kneeding Troughs, 1 Flour Bing, and one Bran Bing, [etc.]. 1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 81/2 To the right..were..inferior buildings and offices,—kitchens, cellars, pastries, spiceries, bakehouses. 1963 M. Barley in I. L. Foster & L. Alcock Culture & Environment 496 John Aiscough, esquire, of Tadwell, Minister in Sheppey (1600), had a kitchen, a pantry near the kitchen and a pastry as well. Compounds C1. pastry blender n. ΚΠ 1938 Amer. Home Jan. 52/1 Cut the shortening into the flour with two knives, scissors fashion. Or use a regular pastry blender, available in housewares departments. 1994 Harrowsmith Apr. 71/2 With pastry blender or two knives, cut butter into dry ingredients until crumbly. pastry case n. ΚΠ 1920 E. V. McCollum & N. Simmonds Amer. Home Diet ii. 126 Creamed Chicken in Pastry Cases. 1997 Bakers' Rev. Sept. 82/3 Come and..try a wide range of pre-baked pastry cases suitable for sweet or savoury fillings. pastry chef n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > baker > pastry-cook or confectioner paste-maker1288 pastler?a1439 patisser1538 pasterer1552 confectioner1591 patissier1596 sugar-mana1626 sugar-baker1650 pastry-cook1652 pastry-man1655 pastry chef1890 1890 N.Y. Times 16 Oct. 6/7 Man Cook—By Englishman; can cut raw meats, carve, soup, entrées; pastry chef; just come from the country. 1931 Times 11 Nov. 3/3 (advt.) Baker, Scotch (or pastry chef), good all-round experience. 1994 Minnesota Monthly July 28/1 A pastry chef turns out a wide assortment of desserts. pastry cutter n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > pastry cutter jagging-iron1598 runner1688 twitcher1688 paste cutter1845 cookie cutter1864 jagger1864 pastry cutter1869 cookie press1919 1869 Sci. Amer. 1 May 285 (advt.) Pastry cutter and crimper. 1902 Daily Chron. 25 Jan. 8/4 Stamp them into fancy shapes with a pastry cutter. 2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 5 Jan. l3 The art form..starts by using a pastry cutter to trim flattened clay. pastry-making n. ΚΠ 1857 E. A. W. Hopkins Ella Lincoln 71 It was a great school for pastry-making, that tavern kitchen. 2003 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Weekend Suppl.) 68 If you want to learn more about the science of pastry-making, Peter Barham covers it brilliantly in The Science Of Cooking. pastry-man n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > baker > pastry-cook or confectioner paste-maker1288 pastler?a1439 patisser1538 pasterer1552 confectioner1591 patissier1596 sugar-mana1626 sugar-baker1650 pastry-cook1652 pastry-man1655 pastry chef1890 1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iii. 76 A famisht Norman..fell into such a passion against the Pastry-man,..that he flung all the Crust of the Pye at his slouching Chops. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 251. ¶10 The Pastry-man, commonly known by the Name of the Colly-Molly-Puff. 1993 J. Gallas Thousand & Second Night in Flying Carpets over Filbert Street 12 The pastry-man smiled, ‘He must be off to seek his fortune, haha.’ ΚΠ 1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks 222 Confects, Neats-Tongues, Bononia Sausages, and fine Pastry-meat. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 96 The wafers, flamms, and pastry-meat will scarce have had the just degree of fire, which learned pottingers prescribe as fittest for the body. pastry pan n. ΚΠ 1679 Inventory 1 Sept. in Probate Inventories Lincoln (Linc. Rec. Soc.) (1991) 66 1 pastry pann 1 Sawcis pann..1 Cheese plate. 2003 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 8 June (Lifeline section) 23 Place the pastry pan on a rack and cool for five minutes. pastry puff n. ΚΠ 1763 J. Bell Trav. from St. Petersburg I. 14 A sort of pastry-puffs, baked over the steam of boiling water. ?1809 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1947) VIII. 792 When lottery-puffs shall be swallowed as eagerly as pastry-puffs by the good people of the United Kingdom. 2003 Boston Globe (Nexis) 10 Aug. b1 Danielle..was picking up a salgadinho called ‘pastel’, a thin rectangle-shaped pastry puff filled with chicken and cheese. pastry room n. ΚΠ 1741 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels Forefathers (1976) 280 In the Pastry Room One Safe and 2 Benches 4s 0d. 1832 F. Trollope Domest. Manners Amer. (ed. 2) II. xxvi. 72 Her carriage is ordered at eleven; till that hour she is employed in the pastry-room. 2002 Detroit News (Nexis) 11 Oct. (Weekend section) 12 e The heart of the operation, the spacious kitchen including a pastry room, was ready. pastry school n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > place where pastry made or sold > pastry-school pastry schoolc1710 c1710 in J. Ashton Social Life Reign of Queen Anne (1882) I. 24 To all Young Ladies at Edw. Kidder's Pastry School in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields, are taught all Sorts of Pastry and Cookery. 1809 Sporting Mag. 33 281 The sewing-school, the pastry-school, were then essential branches of female education. 2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 Aug. (Food section) f4 Many pastry schools and community programs also offer gingerbread-house courses. pastry scraper n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > pastry-scraper pastry scraper1962 1962 Listener 22 Nov. 887/1 Pastry scraper, mixing spoon, and pastry brush. 1992 European Trav. & Life May 74/2 Use a pastry scraper to keep the liquids from running off and to incorporate the last bits of flour into the dough. pastry shop n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > place where pastry made or sold pastehouse1471 pastry?a1527 pastry shop1656 pasticceria1921 society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop selling provisions > baked goods or pastry baker1548 pie house1589 baker's shop1593 bakery1598 cake house1641 pastry shop1656 bakehouse1714 bread shop1773 bakeshop1789 confectionery shop1801 confectionery1803 patisserie1824 cakery1841 bun-shop1889 pasticceria1921 konditorei1935 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xliv. 90 The Pastrey shop in the corner of the Herb-market. 1782 J. Woodforde Diary 25 May (1926) II. 26 I dined at a pastry shop on 3 Cheese Cakes. 1977 ‘S. Leys’ Chinese Shadows (1978) ii. 68 The local pastry shop..sells..strudels and little pink marzipan pigs. 2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. g5/1 As overwhelmed as a starving man in a pastry shop, I can't decide which to play first. pastry slab n. ΚΠ 1855 Godey's Lady's Bk. Mar. 268/2 Puff Paste. Put one pound of flour upon your pastry slab [etc.]. 2002 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Real Estate section) 1 The pastry slab is marble and granite is around the preparation sink. pastry vendor n. ΚΠ 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 7 The propriety of enforcing the heated pastry-vendor's proposition. 1989 I. McDonald Desolation Road xxxviii. 186 There pastry vendors and whey-faced tourists pushed rudely past them in the laneway. pastry work n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [noun] > article(s) made of bakemeatc1405 pastry1526 baked meat?1560 pastry work1565 paste meat1597 patisserie1784 tabnab1933 1565Pastry work [see sense 1a]. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals (1657) 619 What viands or what banquetting dishes or pastry works he loveth best. 1705 Pastry-cook's Vade-mecum (title page) Receipts for making all sorts of Pastry-work. 2002 Christchurch (N.Z.) Press (Nexis) 24 Oct. iii I have always enjoyed the alchemy of cooking, especially in baking and pastry work. C2. pastry bag n. chiefly North American (originally U.S.) a funnel of cloth, paper, etc., usually fitted with a nozzle, through which pastry, icing, or other food of a similar consistency may be piped. ΚΠ 1884 M. J. Lincoln Boston Cook Bk. (1887) 437 A Pastry Bag... Fold two opposite corners together, stitch along the edge, and make a triangular bag. Cut off at the point to make an opening large enough to insert the end of a tin tube. 1895 ‘M. Ronald’ Cent. Cook Bk. xxi. 468 Make a layer of Genoese..press it through a pastry bag in lines onto the tins. 2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 78 Spoon your mashed potatoes in here—or better, pipe the spuds in with a pastry bag. pastry board n. a board on which pastry is rolled out, cut into shapes, etc., before baking; cf. pasteboard n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > bread or pastry board pennybred?c1300 moulding board1327 pastry board1442 pasteboard1452 bakbrade1457 bred1538 bakeboard1545 panel1612 pie board1691 breadboard1761 board1845 1442Pastry board [see sense 1a]. 1860 Sci. Amer. 11 Feb. 109/1 An Improved Pastry Board. 2002 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 5 Nov. (Features) 32 Mix the ground rice and almonds and sprinkle evenly over a pastry board. pastry brush n. a small brush used to spread beaten egg, milk, or melted butter over pastry, so as to glaze it or to form a seal at the edge of a pie, pasty, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > pastry-brush pastry brush1891 1891 Freeborn County Standard (Albert Lea, Minn.) 15 Apr. 7/4 Dip a pastry brush into the glaze and use in brushing over boiled tongues, breasts of roast fowls. 1948 P. Harben Way to Cook (rev. ed.) x. 203 Moisten right round the edge of your sheet of paste (a pastry brush is the best tool for this job). 2003 Detroit Free Press (Nexis) 14 Jan. (Food news section) With a pastry brush, remove the remnants of soy that cling to the cookies. pastry cream n. [compare French crême pâtissière (1750)] a thick, sweet, vanilla custard used in filling cakes and pastries. ΚΠ 1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) xvi. 361 Crême patissière, or pastry cream. 1892 Encycl. Pract. Cookery I. 246/1 Lay in a Napoleon-cake pan..a layer of puff paste, spread over that a layer of pastry cream. 1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything iii. 216 Less admirable were the rubbery pastry cream, the dry chocolate soufflés,..and several of the sauces. ΚΠ 1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.7) i. 424 They fall downe upon their knees, and thump their brests, as beating the heart that will not enough beleeve in that pastry-deity. pastry house n. †(a) a house in which pastry is made (obsolete); (b) a shop in which pastries are sold; (c) a company that manufactures pastries. ΚΠ 1526Pastry house [see sense 1b]. 1539 R. Cromwell Let. 24 Apr. in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 220 Jennyns sergeant of your graces pasterye house. 1986 Nation's Restaurant News (Nexis) 6 Oct. 3 The Peabody's Cafe Expresso ‘is a combination New York-style deli and Viennese pastry house’. 2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Dec. f13/1 As soon as we start to work on a flavor, other pastry houses find out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
随便看 |
|
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。