| 释义 |
pasternn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pasturon. Etymology: < Old French, Middle French pasturon part of a horse's foot between fetlock and hoof (although this is first attested slightly later: 1316–40; compare Middle French (Normandy) pasturon fetter for prisoners' feet (1345), French regional (Walloon) pasturon shackle for a horse; French paturon , pâturon ) < pasture (see below) + -on , diminutive suffix (compare -oon suffix). Old French, Middle French pasture shackle for a horse's foot (c1220 in Old French (Picardy)), part of a horse's or bovine animal's foot between fetlock and hoof (1340; French pâture (now regional (Normandy, Walloon)) is < (with suffix substitution: compare -ure suffix1) post-classical Latin pastoria shackle for a pastured animal's foot, tether (7th cent.), use as noun of feminine of classical Latin pāstōrius of or belonging to a shepherd (see pastory n. and adj.). Compare post-classical Latin pastron-, pastro (c1250, 1286, 1303 in British sources), pastronus (1329, 1339 in British sources).Although the earliest attestations (compare e.g. quots. 1284, ?c1343, 1347-8 at sense 1) show the word in a Latin context and could conceivably show either the English or the French word, they probably represent Middle English examples, as the word is apparently not attested in disyllabic forms with syncope of the medial syllable in French. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > hobble or fetter 1284 Bd.97 No.3 Pro vij paribus de Pastrons emptis pro eisdem [sc. equis], xiiij d. ?c1343 in J. T. Fowler (1899) II. 543 (MED) In..3 paribus de pastrons. 1347–8 in J. T. Fowler (1899) II. 545 In 6 par. de Pastronnes novis. 1469 in (1790) 97 (MED) Item, That the maister of the horses..sue for..turnelles, pastrons, sursengles, garthes. 1570 T. North tr. A. F. Doni (1888) 258 A tying Coller, a paire of Pastornes, and a Cranell. 1607 G. Markham ii. 104 [Some] will..put a verie strong pasterne vpon one of the horses hinder feete. a1625 J. Fletcher Chances i. viii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Aaa2v/1 Ye found an easie foole that let you get it [sc. a child], She had better have worne pasternes. 1760 G. Baretti I. at Pastoja A pastern, a shackle for a horse. 1827 S. B. H. Judah I. ii. ii. 173 The lower joints of the creature's legs were bound with pasterns and bandages. 2. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern a1450 (1978) 87 (MED) A runde fot & þicke bi-comeþ an hors wel, & ȝif his pastron be schort, he is wel þe betere. c1465 (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 52 For stonye in the Pastron. That comys when a hors stomblys or slyde[s] or þt he sette his fete saddely in a hole that his fote is wrenchid þerwyth and stonyth hym in the pastron. a1500 (?c1450) 441 (MED) So many slough the cristin that the horse wente in blode vp to the pastrouns [Fr. fellons]. 1636 P. Massinger iii. i. sig. F3v He treads weake in his pasternes. 1774 O. Goldsmith III. 181 A tail which hangs down to the pastern. 1843 C. J. Lever (1878) vii. 43 A strong hackney, whose flat rib and short pastern showed his old Irish breeding. 1876 J. B. L. Warren iii. ii. 241 Down went his mare in spite of tightened rein, And, once or twice, her pastern almost snapt. 1929 49 255 The hind-hoofs, with pasterns, of a horse. 2002 Mar. 76/3 By putting a soft cotton rope around the pastern, you can lift each leg without being in close proximity. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > ankle > [noun] the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > limb > fore limb or leg > part corresponding to ankle 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria f. 260 There are also Alces muche lyke vnto hartes, with..longe legges withowt any bowinge of theyr houx or pasternes. a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. ii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Qqq4/1 Let me see your leg, she treads but low ith' pasternes. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Wife of Bathe's Tale in 481 So strait she walk'd, and on her Pasterns high. 1837 T. C. Haliburton x. 79 Marm Pugwash..has good points—good eye—good foot—neat pastern [1835 postern]—fine chest—a clean set of limbs. 1894 J. W. Whitbread (1991) 97 A fine sthrappin' Colleen—a rale beauty, an' as rate about the pasterns as the two year old filly at home. 1981 J. Halliday & J. Halliday in K. Thear & A. Fraser iv. 96/2 Tie the goat up firmly and..lift one leg and hold it by the pastern with one hand leaving the other hand free to use the knife. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) leg and foot 1845 W. Youatt ii. 33 The low placing of the pastern. 1922 R. Leighton p. xiv (Gloss.) Pastern, the lowest section of the leg below the knee, or hock, respectively. 1962 R. H. Smythe vii. 133 The loose trousers wrinkled round the knees and pasterns of the Dachshund. 1988 (Kennel Club) 13 Snatching hocks, a quick outward snatching of the hock as it passes the supporting leg and twists the rear pastern far in beneath the body. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern > bone or joint in 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. xi. xlvi. 351 The Once..hath that which somewhat resembleth a pasterne bone [L. talo, Fr. talon]. 1656 T. Blount Pastern (talus), the ankle or huckle-bone of a Beasts foot. 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer V. xx. 367 Where to the pastern-bone..The well-horn'd foot indissolubly join'd. 1766 at Shoeing Thus the cannon-bone presses on the pastern, this on the coronary, the coronary upon the coffin, or foot-bone. 1840 D. P. Blaine §633 The lesser pastern or coronary bone..receives the great pastern below. 1855 L. Holden 170 The three joints of this finger answer to those called ‘great pastern bone’, ‘little pastern bone’, and ‘coffin bone’ in the horse. 1913 J. G. Frazer I. i. 17 The pastern-bone of a hare is an infallible remedy for colic. 1997 M. A. Belknap 311/2 Pastern joint, the joint..between the long and short pastern bones. Compounds C1. 1830 J. Baxter 294 There is a dryness of the hoof, throbbing of the pastern arteries. C2. 1863 M. E. Braddon II. vi. 135 Pools of water through which the wretched animals floundered pastern-deep. 1900 8 Sept. 618/1 The sleepy kine grazing pastern-deep in the meadows. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern > bone or joint in 1682 No. 1747/4 A black Gelding,..standeth cripled with his pastern joynts. 1728 E. Chambers at Attaint The Farriers distinguish upper Attaints, given by the Toe of the Hind-foot upon the Sinew of the Fore-leg.—And nether Attaints, or Over-reaches on the Pastern-Joint. 1877 24 Nov. 446/2 The inferior connection of this ligament is the two sesamoid bones, those bones being the principal support of the pastern joints. 1931 H. W. Wright in G. D. Hadzsits 333 In those [sc. calves] six or seven weeks old the tip of the tail did reach to the pastern joint. 2002 (Nexis) 21 Nov. (Sport section) 16 The..stallion dislocated the pastern joint of his off-foreleg on Tuesday. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pasternv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pastern n. Etymology: < pastern n. Compare Italian pastoiare (1598 in Florio: see quot.). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pæ·stəɹn) /ˈpæstən/. Obsolete. rare. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > bridle, halter, collar, or reins 1598 J. Florio To fetter, to clog, to shackle, to pastern, to giue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online September 2021). <  n.1284 v.1598 |
