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单词 pastern
释义

pasternn.

Brit. /ˈpastn/, /ˈpastəːn/, U.S. /ˈpæstərn/
Forms:

α. Middle English pastronnes (plural), Middle English pastroun, Middle English pastrown, Middle English–1500s pasturne, Middle English–1600s pastron, 1500s pastourn, 1500s pastren, 1500s–1600s pasterne, 1500s–1700s pastorn, 1500s– pastern.

β. 1500s pasture.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pasturon.
Etymology: < Old French, Middle French pasturon part of a horse's foot between fetlock and hoof (although this is first attested slightly later: 1316–40; compare Middle French (Normandy) pasturon fetter for prisoners' feet (1345), French regional (Walloon) pasturon shackle for a horse; French paturon , pâturon ) < pasture (see below) + -on , diminutive suffix (compare -oon suffix). Old French, Middle French pasture shackle for a horse's foot (c1220 in Old French (Picardy)), part of a horse's or bovine animal's foot between fetlock and hoof (1340; French pâture (now regional (Normandy, Walloon)) is < (with suffix substitution: compare -ure suffix1) post-classical Latin pastoria shackle for a pastured animal's foot, tether (7th cent.), use as noun of feminine of classical Latin pāstōrius of or belonging to a shepherd (see pastory n. and adj.). Compare post-classical Latin pastron-, pastro (c1250, 1286, 1303 in British sources), pastronus (1329, 1339 in British sources).Although the earliest attestations (compare e.g. quots. 1284, ?c1343, 1347-8 at sense 1) show the word in a Latin context and could conceivably show either the English or the French word, they probably represent Middle English examples, as the word is apparently not attested in disyllabic forms with syncope of the medial syllable in French.
1. A shackle attached to the foot of a pastured animal, esp. an unbroken horse. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > hobble or fetter
cubbelc1230
pastern1284
lock1384
langle1394
spannel1398
warlockc1440
curb1477
hough-band1568
foot widdy1569
curble1598
spancel1610
hopple1641
twitchel1689
collaring1692
hobble1744
sideline1803
hog-tie1902
pigging-string1924
1284 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer Bd.97 No.3 Pro vij paribus de Pastrons emptis pro eisdem [sc. equis], xiiij d.
?c1343 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 543 (MED) In..3 paribus de pastrons.
1347–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 545 In 6 par. de Pastronnes novis.
1469 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 97 (MED) Item, That the maister of the horses..sue for..turnelles, pastrons, sursengles, garthes.
1570 T. North tr. A. F. Doni Moral Philos. (1888) 258 A tying Coller, a paire of Pastornes, and a Cranell.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 104 [Some] will..put a verie strong pasterne vpon one of the horses hinder feete.
a1625 J. Fletcher Chances i. viii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaa2v/1 Ye found an easie foole that let you get it [sc. a child], She had better have worne pasternes.
1760 G. Baretti Dict. Eng. & Ital. Lang. I. at Pastoja A pastern, a shackle for a horse.
1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers I. ii. ii. 173 The lower joints of the creature's legs were bound with pasterns and bandages.
2.
a. The part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern
pasterna1450
shank-main1580
a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 87 (MED) A runde fot & þicke bi-comeþ an hors wel, & ȝif his pastron be schort, he is wel þe betere.
c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 52 For stonye in the Pastron. That comys when a hors stomblys or slyde[s] or þt he sette his fete saddely in a hole that his fote is wrenchid þerwyth and stonyth hym in the pastron.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 441 (MED) So many slough the cristin that the horse wente in blode vp to the pastrouns [Fr. fellons].
1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iii. i. sig. F3v He treads weake in his pasternes.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 181 A tail which hangs down to the pastern.
1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) vii. 43 A strong hackney, whose flat rib and short pastern showed his old Irish breeding.
1876 J. B. L. Warren Soldier of Fortune iii. ii. 241 Down went his mare in spite of tightened rein, And, once or twice, her pastern almost snapt.
1929 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 49 255 The hind-hoofs, with pasterns, of a horse.
2002 Equus Mar. 76/3 By putting a soft cotton rope around the pastern, you can lift each leg without being in close proximity.
b. The corresponding part in other ungulates. Also (now rare): the human ankle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > ankle > [noun]
ankleeOE
rascettea1400
wrist?1515
pastern1555
ankle joint1636
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > limb > fore limb or leg > part corresponding to ankle
pastern1555
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 260 There are also Alces muche lyke vnto hartes, with..longe legges withowt any bowinge of theyr houx or pasternes.
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. ii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Qqq4/1 Let me see your leg, she treads but low ith' pasternes.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Wife of Bathe's Tale in Fables 481 So strait she walk'd, and on her Pasterns high.
1837 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker x. 79 Marm Pugwash..has good points—good eye—good foot—neat pastern [1835 postern]—fine chest—a clean set of limbs.
1894 J. W. Whitbread Lord Edward (1991) 97 A fine sthrappin' Colleen—a rale beauty, an' as rate about the pasterns as the two year old filly at home.
1981 J. Halliday & J. Halliday in K. Thear & A. Fraser Compl. Bk. Raising Livestock & Poultry iv. 96/2 Tie the goat up firmly and..lift one leg and hold it by the pastern with one hand leaving the other hand free to use the knife.
c. The part of a dog's foreleg between the wrist and the digits; the metacarpus. Also (more fully rear pastern): the corresponding part of the hindleg.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) leg and foot
dew-claw1575
water claw1611
hare's foot1747
pastern1845
toe-tufta1858
trousersa1907
culotte1928
1845 W. Youatt Dog ii. 33 The low placing of the pastern.
1922 R. Leighton Compl. Bk. Dog p. xiv (Gloss.) Pastern, the lowest section of the leg below the knee, or hock, respectively.
1962 R. H. Smythe Anat. Dog Breeding vii. 133 The loose trousers wrinkled round the knees and pasterns of the Dachshund.
1988 Gloss. Canine Terms (Kennel Club) 13 Snatching hocks, a quick outward snatching of the hock as it passes the supporting leg and twists the rear pastern far in beneath the body.
3. In full pastern bone. Either of the two phalangeal bones in the foot of a horse between the cannon bone and the coffin bone, esp. the longer one: (a) (more fully long pastern bone or great pastern bone) the proximal phalanx; (b) (more fully short pastern bone or little pastern bone) the middle phalanx. Also: a corresponding bone in certain other mammals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern > bone or joint in
pastle1552
pastern1601
cronet1610
pastern joint1682
coronet1833
coronary1843
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlvi. 351 The Once..hath that which somewhat resembleth a pasterne bone [L. talo, Fr. talon].
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pastern (talus), the ankle or huckle-bone of a Beasts foot.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 367 Where to the pastern-bone..The well-horn'd foot indissolubly join'd.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Shoeing Thus the cannon-bone presses on the pastern, this on the coronary, the coronary upon the coffin, or foot-bone.
1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §633 The lesser pastern or coronary bone..receives the great pastern below.
1855 L. Holden Human Osteol. 170 The three joints of this finger answer to those called ‘great pastern bone’, ‘little pastern bone’, and ‘coffin bone’ in the horse.
1913 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Balder the Beautiful I. i. 17 The pastern-bone of a hare is an infallible remedy for colic.
1997 M. A. Belknap Equine Dict. 311/2 Pastern joint, the joint..between the long and short pastern bones.

Compounds

C1.
pastern artery n. Obsolete
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1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 294 There is a dryness of the hoof, throbbing of the pastern arteries.
C2.
pastern bone n. see sense 3.
pastern-deep adv. rare so deep in water, mud, etc., that the pasterns are covered.
ΚΠ
1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy II. vi. 135 Pools of water through which the wretched animals floundered pastern-deep.
1900 Living Age 8 Sept. 618/1 The sleepy kine grazing pastern-deep in the meadows.
pastern joint n. the joint or articulation between the long and short pastern bones of a horse; the corresponding joint in other ungulates.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern > bone or joint in
pastle1552
pastern1601
cronet1610
pastern joint1682
coronet1833
coronary1843
1682 London Gaz. No. 1747/4 A black Gelding,..standeth cripled with his pastern joynts.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Attaint The Farriers distinguish upper Attaints, given by the Toe of the Hind-foot upon the Sinew of the Fore-leg.—And nether Attaints, or Over-reaches on the Pastern-Joint.
1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 446/2 The inferior connection of this ligament is the two sesamoid bones, those bones being the principal support of the pastern joints.
1931 H. W. Wright in G. D. Hadzsits Classical Stud. in Honor of John C. Rolfe 333 In those [sc. calves] six or seven weeks old the tip of the tail did reach to the pastern joint.
2002 Australian (Nexis) 21 Nov. (Sport section) 16 The..stallion dislocated the pastern joint of his off-foreleg on Tuesday.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pasternv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pastern n.
Etymology: < pastern n. Compare Italian pastoiare (1598 in Florio: see quot.). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pæ·stəɹn) /ˈpæstən/.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To fetter, to shackle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > bridle, halter, collar, or reins
bridlec1330
kevela1400
halterc1440
rein?c1475
pastern1598
lock1625
to put (a horse) under the button1667
knee-halter1835
collar1884
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes To fetter, to clog, to shackle, to pastern, to giue.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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n.1284v.1598
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