| 释义 |
participantadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French participant; Latin participant-, participans. Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French participant (1321 in Old French in phrase estre participant de to take part in; 1611 in Cotgrave as noun in sense ‘participant, associate’; use as adjective and noun of present participle of participer participe v.), and partly < post-classical Latin participant-, participans partaking, sharing, partaker, sharer (5th cent.), use as adjective and noun of classical Latin participāns , present participle of participāre participate v.With the β forms compare post-classical Latin irregular participio (1279, 1313 in British sources). A. adj. 1. the mind > possession > sharing > [adjective] a1470 in T. Twiss (1871) I. 468 (MED) Alle tho that be participant or consentyng, to have their hedes smyten of. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) cxxxviii. 183 The second enseygnement is that ye respyte no man that hath deseruyd to deye... For yf ye soo dyde ye shold be participant in al the euylle that he afterward shold doo. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Cosmogr. xi, in sig. Cij He that denyis entres to the sleuthound..salbe haldin participant with the cryme and thift committit. 1551 S. Gardiner f. 54 In this Sacrament, we be made participaunt, of his Godhode. 1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver iii. 166 Hir chambermaid..who like a faithfull secretarie was alwaies participant of their amorous councells. c1600 W. Fowler tr. N. Machiavelli Prince in (1936) II. 149 Obleising him..be preferment in honors participant vnto him office. 1607 R. Parker i. ii. 79 It maketh the Church participant with the popish superstition. 1655 W. Sales vi. 161 For intending to make her participant of my joys, entring one morning into her Chamber, I found her sitting in her chair with her hair loose, her head supported by her hand, [etc.] 1687 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 543 The Communion follow'd, at which I was participant. 1796 R. Southey vii. 101 In the ills of that defeat Participant. 1843 R. W. Emerson xxviii. 1267 We at this distance are not so far removed from any of the specific evils, and are deeply participant in too many. 1873 R. Browning iii. 266 Some better theory..Than would establish Him participant In doings yonder. 1904 H. James vii. 327 [He had] the determined need, while apparently all participant, of..backing noiselessly in, far in again, and rejoining there, as it were, that part of his mind which was not engaged at the front. 1994 Spring 3/1 The Population Summit in New Delhi last October came up with a Conference Statement signed by almost all participant academies. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Jan. The 20-member drum corp will join more than 800 people and over 60 participant groups and floats in the Parade from Brisbane City to South Bank. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > to or with c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 71 Yat the corpȝ yat ar..engendrit be thir naturis, be participant of the nature of thair..makaris. 1494 Loutfut MS f. 11v, in at Participant For thai [sc. ermine and vair] ar particepent mare with metall than of othir colour. 1580 sig. A3 It appeiris be gude ressoun to be participant of brynstane. 1634 T. Herbert 12 [The penguin] is rather participant with the water then land. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > [adjective] > possessing knowledge, informed 1527 W. Knight in H. Ellis (1824) 1st Ser. I. 280 The Kyngs Highnesse wolde that your Grace shulde be participant of that that occurreth or is..doone here. 1568 Proc. Hampton-Court 15 Dec. in H. Campbell (1824) App. 54 In this sort, they were now made participant of the whole state of the cause, even as largely as the rest of Hir Majestie's Privy Counsel were. 1823 W. Scott II. xii. 240 Didst thou propose to become participant of those mysteries which raise men above the passions, the mischances, the pains, the sorrows of life? 1862 T. Carlyle III. xii. vii. 237 Of which..we propose to make the reader participant before going farther. the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > giving out a1595 R. Southwell (1873) (modernized text) 215 O my God, Who art infinitely more noble and more participant than any other creature. B. n. 1. the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer > in association with others 1543 in A. I. Cameron (1927) 43 Ane crime of tresoun quhilk we suld be particepantis therof [etc.]. 1562 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 216 Thai sal be reknyt as participantis with the saidis thevis. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in 445 Christe instituted a communion of many participantes. 1652 in W. B. Stonehouse (1839) 91 Lands lying in the Isle of Axholme..which..were cavelled out, and allotted to every Participant. 1679 J. Goodman (1713) iii. v. 348 That none of the participants may go away without full measures of what is desirable to them. 1683 11 It [sc. a gallant exploit] bereaved him totally of the blessed fruition of Contentment in his proper vocation; adjudging it too mean a Medium to render him a participant of so big a Fortune. 1839 W. B. Stonehouse 74 He [sc. Vermuyden] sold shares to several of his countrymen, who thus became Partners, or Participants, with him in this great undertaking, by which latter demonstration the holders of these lands have ever since been distinguished. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ i. 19 It was to be a picnic on a gigantic scale. The participants in it..were to sail away in a great steamship. 1891 25 May 5/2 The chief participants in the recent massacre are now in custody. 1915 W. Cather i. viii. 61 Before the concert began, all the participants had to assemble on the stage and sit there to be looked at. 1945 44 82/2 His interest in radiology has made him an energetic participant in local and national radiologic organizations. 1988 E. Young-Bruehl iv. 143 The Congress..was encouraging to all the participants. 2002 31 Jan. 462/1 Trials of a new immunotherapy drug for Alzheimer's disease have hit a roadblock, with four of the participants developing potentially serious problems in the nervous system. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > one who takes someone's part 1554 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 190 William Murheid and..Johne Prestoun..and the remanent thair participantis baillies of this burgh hes wranguslie [etc.]. 1562 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 222 He and his saidis sonnis and utheris thair participantis. 1650 66 Abraham..rescued Lot..from Chederlaomer and his participants. 1665 J. Wilson v. 57 There are Bodies Politick, as London and Westminster; and Bodies Simple, as Sir Gudgeon and his Participants. 1675 G. R. tr. A. Le Grand 145 All her Participants take share in her Grandeur. 1796 J. Cottle 93 Whilst round the tent expiring veterans lie; His sad participants in misery! society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > one to whom information is given 1639 Sir T. Stafford in (1888) 2nd Ser. IV. 37 I beseech you make me a participant of their safe accession to the Army. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute > a thing having certain qualities > that which has some quality of something else 1686 J. Goad ii. iv. 201 Fog being a Participant of both Dryth and Moisture. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode > notes of modes 1889 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove IV. 592 [A close] may terminate upon the Dominant, or Participant of the Mode. Compounds society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [noun] > involving participation 1945 May 124/2 (title of section) Participant Democracy. 1971 Mar. 72 These ‘alternative institutions’ frequently emphasize values similar to those of a therapeutic community: group cohesion and commitment;..and ‘participant democracy’, meaning involvement of the entire group in decision-making. 2003 (Nexis) 17 Jan. Signs and costumes in tow, they will hit the streets with the fire of participant democracy, Iowa-style. society > society and the community > study of society > [noun] > theories or methods of analysis 1933 J. J. Hader & E. C. Lindeman x. 148 Participant Observation is based on the theory that an interpretation of an event can only be approximately correct when it is a composite of two points of view, the outside and the inside. 1971 G. K. Roberts 144 Several advantages are served by participant observation rather than external observation or interview techniques. 1999 J. Arnott v. 277 It was something that Karen and I argued about. ‘Ethnographic work based on participant observation,’ is how I justified my methodology. She called it ‘zookeeping.’ society > society and the community > study of society > [noun] > theories or methods of analysis > one who follows or uses 1924 E. C. Lindeman ii. viii. 191 For experimental purposes the coöperating observers have been called ‘participant observers’. 1971 G. K. Roberts 144 Ethical and practical problems are raised connected with the concealed ‘dual role’ of the participant observer. 2003 (Nexis) 28 Adherence to the importance of observation by participant observers. 1933 J. J. Hader & E. C. Lindeman x. 147 (heading) Participant observing as a technique for psycho-social research. 1984 13 173/1 Ideally, the investigative journalist and the participant-observing social scientist have much in common. 1993 22 7/1 I hear lawyers and business and government people equate ethnography with surveillance; psychologists and sociologists, with ‘hanging out’ or participant observing. Derivatives society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest 1869 A. D. Whitney xiv. 191 An Infinite Participance and Sympathy. 1931 46 193 Professor Baldwin's arguments against Kyd's participance in the play are opposed. 1984 5 112 Effect of rater participance in scale construction on the psychometric characteristics of two rating scale formats. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest 1856 W. C. Nell 10 An evidence of your satisfaction with the rights obtained, or my participancy therein, for the pleasure of the service has abundantly rewarded me. 1951 17 233 The scenes in which I have borne an active participancy are fully set forth in a No of the [Independence] ‘Agrarian’ which I send you per this post. 1988 New Ser. 28 Oct. 604/1 The universe starts small.., grows.., and in time gives rise..to observer-participancy—which in turn determines all we have the right to say about even the earliest days of the universe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.n.a1470 |
