partialadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːʃl/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrʃ(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English parciale, Middle English parcialle, Middle English parcyal, Middle English parcyale, Middle English parcyall, Middle English partialle, Middle English percyall, Middle English–1500s parcial, Middle English–1500s parciall, Middle English–1600s partiall, 1500s parsyall, 1500s perciall, 1500s–1600s pertiall, 1500s– partial; Scottish pre-1700 parceale, pre-1700 parcial, pre-1700 parciale, pre-1700 parciall, pre-1700 parcialle, pre-1700 parciell, pre-1700 parseall, pre-1700 partiale, pre-1700 partiall, pre-1700 perchiale, pre-1700 perciale, pre-1700 perciall, pre-1700 pertiale, pre-1700 pertiall, pre-1700 1700s– partial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French partial; Latin partialis.

Etymology: < Middle French partial, parcial (French partial or partiel : see note) forming part of a whole, particular (1370), prejudiced against (1559; a1473 as noun in sense ‘member of a faction’), incomplete (a1564; 1691 of an eclipse) and its etymon post-classical Latin partialis relating to a part (6th cent.), relating to or involving a part of something, incomplete (from 12th cent. in British sources), (of an eclipse) in which only part of the disc of the eclipsed object is covered or darkened (12th cent. in British sources), individual, personal (13th cent.), divided into parts (1316), biased (13th cent.; from 1423 in British sources) < classical Latin parti- , alternative stem of part- , pars part n.¹ + -ālis -al suffix¹; compare partialiter, adverb (Caelius Aurelianus, 5th cent.). Compare Italian parziale (a1363), Spanish parcial (a1478), Portuguese parcial (17th cent.).In the course of the 18th cent. a distinction in spelling developed in French between partial in the sense ‘biased’ (compare sense A. 4) and partiel in other senses of the word (compare Dict. Acad. 1762). The form partiel , with alteration of the suffix, is apparently first attested in 1692. In sense A. 2c perhaps associated with classical Latin parcus sparing (see parcity n.).

A. adj.

I. Relating to a part as opposed to the whole.

†1. That is one of the parts which make up a whole; constituent, component. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] > of or relating to components > forming (a) component part(s)

partiala1398

integral1551

integrant1637

constitutivea1640

elemental1639

constituting1641

integrating1654

constituent1660

component1664

compounding1682

contained1696

organical1770

inbuilt1961

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 178 In þis lond been many parcial cuntrees [L. regiones particulares], in þe whiche ben nameliche many Oliphantes.

c1450 (?a1402) J. Trevisa tr. De Regimine Principum (Digby 233) f. 2 (MED) It is oure entent to devyde this my hole booke in þre parcial bookes.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiii. 40 Who that myght haue the parfayt scyence therof [sc. of astronomy], he myght wel knowe how the world was compassed and plente of other parcyal sciences.

a. Relating to or involving a part of something rather than the whole; not general or total; constituting only a part; incomplete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective]

portionala1382

particulara1387

partial?a1425

part1496

molecular1877

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v (MED) Wonde of a bone forsoþ is inscisioun made in a bone..which somtyme is al fully totale, somtyme parciale [L. partialis].

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 146 (MED) Sumtyme is moreyn general, sumtyme parcyal.

c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 14^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) In this description the larg alwayis is fund to be the figur totall and dyesis allwayis parcialle.

1643 J. Burroughes Expos. Hosea (1652) iv. 225 Idols are content with a partiall obedience, because they are but partiall in bestowing of good things.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xv. 51 That [cause is] Partial which, joyned with the other Causes of its own Species causes the Caused only in Part.

1745 A. Pope Ess. Man (rev. ed.) iv. 76 Or partial Ill is universal Good.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxvi. 35 This partial defeat was balanced, however, by partial success.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. ix. 94 Towards one of these hills did Marianne and Margaret one memorable morning direct their steps, attracted by the partial sunshine of a showery sky.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 61 Our representation..is necessarily partial, as not including all its Marks.

1912 B. Russell Probl. Philos. xiii. 212 We suggested that there might be two kinds of self-evidence, one giving an absolute guarantee of truth, the other only a partial guarantee.

1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter iii. 29 He was embarrassed by his partial baldness.

1989 Psychiatric Devel. 7 112 In the process of starting the thought there is a slippage off topic that may be only partial, in which case the next thought fragment seems somewhat related.

2000 Guardian 19 Oct. ii. 12/3 The nature of visual perception is momentary, partial and fragmentary.

†b. Particular; individual, personal; relating to a particular interest rather than to the common or larger good. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > relating to a person in his individual capacity > personal or private

singularc1340

personala1387

partial?a1439

familiar1569

domestical1586

home1650

domestic1707

vernacular1840

intime1857

intimate1884

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1030 (MED) Parcial causes in sooth ther may non be Atwen vs tweyne.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xx. 63 A true counseiller seeth more to the comyn wele than to his owne parcyall proffit.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Av^v Ilk man takis his proper part partiall.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 87 The iniuries done to ony of them..sould be equall pertiall to thame all.

1788 J. Jay Federalist Papers v. 12 Envy and jealousy would soon extinguish confidence and affection, and the partial interests of each confederacy.

†c. Using or dealing with only a part of something, not the whole; sparing. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [adjective]

sparingc1386

savingc1440

husbandlya1450

husbandlike1542

spareful1565

chary1570

dainty1576

partial1576

spare1577

parsimonious?1591

spary1601

scant1603

wary1605

frugala1616

spare-handed1626

squeasy1628

canny1725

scrimp1728

scrimping1823

sparesome1864

stinting1867

hard-arsed1893

1576 A. Fleming tr. Caecina in Panoplie Epist. 81 I thought good, first not to touche, secondly to be parciall of my pen.

1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 245 Howe parciall and sparing in diet, how moderate in apparel.

a. Astronomy. Of an eclipse: in which only part of the disc of the eclipsed object is covered or darkened. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1602 T. Blundeville Theoriques Seven Planets 183 The Partiall Eclipse is when some part of the Moone is darkened, and not the whole.

1652 W. Lilly Easie & Familiar Method 1 A partiall Eclipse, or but in part, is when those twelve Digits or parts of the Luminar body are not all of them darkned.

1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 463 Observation of a partial Eclipse of the Moon.

1810 J. Greig Astrography iv. 75 If the moon is in the ecliptic at the change, then there is a total eclipse of the sun; and if within 17° of it, that is of her descending node, there is a partial eclipse.

1898 H. James Let. 9 July in Amer. Writers 702 It is in pieces on the minor scale that her instinct of presentation most happily serves her, and that instinct..suffers only a partial eclipse.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 752/1 Partial eclipses caused by the interposition of a dark companion moving around them [sc. stars of the Algol type].

1993 Harrowsmith Dec. 31/2 Given..the fact that most eclipses are partial, the odds of seeing a total lunar eclipse more than twice a decade are fairly slim.

b. Botany. Forming one of the parts or divisions of a compound structure; secondary, subordinate. Chiefly in partial umbel, involucre (see Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [adjective] > having particular shape, type, or arrangement > of or bearing an umbel or rays

partial1760

rayed1824

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. viii. 17 The Umbellula which proceeds from the universal Umbel, a partial Umbel.

1790 Encycl. Brit. III. 428/2 Racemus..is when the flowers are placed on short partial peduncles.

1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia at Partial umbel A partial peduncle, is a subdivision of a common peduncle.

1828 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora (ed. 2) II. 93 Partial bracteas five, ovate, acute, three-ribbed.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 58 Compound leaves are such as have the petioles branched one or more times before it bears blades; the branches of the petiole are called partial petioles or petiolules.

1993 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol, 30 ii. p. x, (caption to cover) Solitary central flower from an umbel (usually reddish),..flower (white) from innermost partial umbel.

c. Mathematics. Designating or relating to differentiation of a function of two or more variables with respect to only one of the variables, the other(s) being treated as constant. partial differential equation n. an equation containing one or more partial derivatives.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > calculus > [adjective] > other

partial1801

Runge–Kutta1930

differentiable1935

pre-exponential1940

1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 155 Partial fluxions of x and y.

1816 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 106 245 ψ(x, y)..is a partial differential equation.

1852 Cambr. & Dublin Math. Jrnl. 7 127 The class of partial differential equations to which the Laplacian equation belongs.

1889 W. W. Johnson Treat. Ordinary & Partial Differential Equations xi. 288 An equation..giving the value of a single partial derivative, or more generally an equation giving a relation between the several partial derivatives of a function of two or more independent variables, is called a partial differential equation.

1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 94 It is simpler for the purpose of proving theorems..to use directly a generalized partial derivative which has itself vectorial properties.

1957 I. N. Sneddon Elem. Partial Differential Equations iii. 97 If u is the complementary function and z₁ a particular integral of a linear partial differential equation, then u + z₁ is a general solution of the equation.

1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 474/2 To handle waves, Newton dives directly into the partial differential equation that describes a one-dimensional wave.

II. That favours one part or side over another.

a. Unduly favouring or predisposed to favour one party or side in an argument, dispute, contest, etc.; biased, prejudiced; unfair. Opposed to impartial.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > rightness or justice > wrong or injustice > [adjective] > partial or biased

partial1425

affectionate1530

affectionated1535

affectioneda1578

biased1642

one-sided1834

partialistic1896

1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 296/2 My said Lordes..shall..procede and acquite hem self..withouten yt thei..shall pryvele or appert..be partie or partiall yrinne.

c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) 2397 (MED) Have Iuges trewe good and wyse, not parcial but indifferent men.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 153 (MED) In thys matyr be nat parciall; Remembre your name was wont to be egall.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts x. 34 I perseaue, that God is not parciall.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxvi A perciall interpretour marreth the sentence.

1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker ii. sig. E2 Tis said thou art not partiall, and dost winde the Prince, the begger, and the potentate all in one mould.

1660 R. South Interest Deposed 7 Your Worldliness, your luxury, your sinister partial Dealing.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 582 The Witness is produc'd on either Hand; For this, or that, the partial People stand.

1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 29 But if magistrates are unrighteous; if they are respecters of persons; if they are partial in their administration of justice; then those who do well have as much reason to be afraid as those that do evil.

1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers lxxviii. 297 These sometimes extend no farther than to the injury of the private rights of particular classes of citizens, by unjust and partial laws.

1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism v. 67 It is inconsistent with justice to be partial.

1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 54 Who sits supreme in righteous state Above man's partial mood.

1925 J. M. Murry Keats & Shakespeare iii. 29 The rational mind is partial, because it excludes everything that is non-rational.

1986 Stage & Television Today 7 Aug. 8/2 I know why the show was not received well on the Press Night, yet to say so publicly will seem partial and bitter.

2002 Independent (Nexis) 13 June 16 [The report] exposed the Department of Work and Pensions for its highly partial attitude to parliamentary questions.

†b. Favouring a particular person or thing excessively or especially; biased or prejudiced in a person's favour. Hence in weakened sense: favourably disposed, sympathetic. Frequently with to. Obsolete (in later use passing into senses A. 4a and A. 4c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective]

mildeOE

blitheOE

goodOE

well-willingOE

beina1200

goodfulc1275

blithefula1300

faira1300

benignc1320

gainc1330

sweetc1330

kinda1333

propicec1350

well-willeda1382

well-disposeda1393

well-hearteda1393

well-willinga1393

friendsomea1400

well-willya1400

charitablec1405

well-willed1417

good-heartedc1425

kindlyc1425

honeyed1435

propitious1440

affectuousc1441

willya1449

homelyc1450

benevolous1470

benigned1470

benevolent1482

favourousc1485

well-meaned1488

well-meaning1498

humanec1500

favourablec1503

affectionatea1516

well-mindedc1522

beneficial1526

propiciant1531

benignate1533

well-intendeda1535

beneficious1535

kind-hearted1535

well-given1535

affectioned1539

well-wishing1548

figgy?1549

good-meaning1549

affectedc1553

affectionated1561

well-natured1561

well-affected?1563

officious1565

well-inclined1569

good-natured1582

partial1587

graceful?1593

well-intentioned1598

beneficent1616

candid1633

kindlike1637

benefic1641

kindly-hearted1762

well-meant1765

benignanta1782

sweet-hearted1850

1587 Queen Elizabeth I Let. 14 Feb. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) III. 23 Who shall otherwise perswade yow, judge them more partiall to others then to yow.

c1592 Faire Em sig. F2 And neuer could I see a man methought That equald Manuile in my partiall eye.

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania ii. 278 Yet did not this hinder my iorney, for my thought I was more deserving him, then the rare Princesse, so partiall are we to our selves.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 148 So obliging, so partial to our Sophist.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iii. 49 My friend Reldresal, Principal Secretary for private Affairs, is, in my opinion, if I am not partial, the second after the Treasurer; the rest of the great Officers are much upon a Par.

1759 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) V. xli. 275 Men naturally believed she had been influenced by an affection still more partial than that of friendship.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 I am not so partial to the royal judgment, as to affirm [etc.].

1805 M. G. Lewis tr. J. H. D. Zschokke Bravo of Venice i. vi. 68 Rosabella, a creature in whose formation partial Nature seemed to have omitted nothing, which might constitute the perfection of female loveliness.

1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xv. 192 Not the partial Father, loving one alone.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch I. xvii. 306 ‘A mother is never partial,’ said Mr Farebrother, smiling.

c. colloquial. With to. Having a liking for, fond of, keen on.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > liking or favourable regard > [adjective]

disposedc1430

affectuousc1441

affectioned1539

fond1548

affectionated1561

well-affectionate1567

affected1584

fancied1589

partial1621

predilective1790

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 59 His loue, to compasse which, no meanes seem'd ill, so partiall was he to his vild desires.

1696 M. Prior Secretary 16 Athens..Where people knew love, and were partial to verse.

1747 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 189 I am not partial to the family.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. xxii. 359 I am not more partial to my arm chair, nor more averse to shaving, than of yore.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. iv. 43 I'm rather partial to Carols, myself, and that's the best of reasons for my never hearing any.

1889 A. Lang Prince Prigio xvii. 133 He brought out some cold sausage (to which Alphonso was partial).

1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xx. 226 I am partial to the oil of the olive.

1990 B. Roche Poor Beast in Rain i. ii. 15 I thought you were supposed to be partial to the wild boys.

2001 Oldie Dec. 8/3 We have to admit that we are rather partial to a good obituary.

†5. Inclined or apt (to do something). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined > to do something or towards some physical state

inclinedc1450

prone1561

subject1566

propense1568

inclininga1576

inclinable1590

partial1615

proclive1653

elective1796

1615 in T. Birch Court & Times James I I. 363 They are too partial to think themselves sacro sancti, that they may not be touched.

B. n.

†1. An instance of bias or partiality. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1655 E. Robinson Disc. Warr Lancs. (1864) 4 I have related without partialles as much as I could (though really I was of the one side).

2. Acoustics and Music. Each of the simple sinusoidal components of a complex musical sound. Also in extended use.The partials comprise the fundamental and the harmonics (overtones).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > simple tone

simple tone1864

partial1873

pure tone1902

tone1919

sine tone1962

1873 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. Helmholtz in E. Atkinson et al. tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz Pop. Lect. Sci. Subj. 101 Although we are not usually clearly conscious of these beating upper partials, the ear feels their effect as a want of uniformity or a roughness in the mass of tone.

1881 J. Broadhouse Student's Helmholtz 175 If only the uneven partials are present..the quality of tone is hollow.

1931 G. O. Russell Speech & Voice iii. xv. 158 The high partials become ‘metallic’ like the tin-panny piano.

1939 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 171 13 The energy radiated is the sum of an infinite number of essentially positive terms, each of the infinitely numerous upper partials of frequency jν₀.

1960 A. H. Benade Horns, Strings, & Harmony viii. 184 There are great divagations on the harmonics, modes, and partials of simple pipes which have over the years covered up a great deal of the facts of life in the theory of brass instruments.

1996 C. Jenkins in P. Trynka Rock Hardware 59/2 Korg's Wavestation introduces the concept of wave sequencing, by which sampled partials can be chained to produce complex rhythmic sounds.

3. Mathematics. A partial derivative.

ΚΠ

1930 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 16 39 The Jacobi method..consists in differentiating (11) with respect to α₁,α₂ and equating the partials to two new constants β₁, β₁.

1968 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 36 1144 Some identities involving second partials of the Hamiltonian function and the Lagrangian function are obtained.

1996 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 354 2144 The energy of the surface may be expanded in a Taylor series, E(X)..where..H is the Hessian matrix, whose components are the second partials of E(X).

4. Crystallography. = partial dislocation n. (b) at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal irregularities > [noun] > lattice defects > partial dislocation

partial1952

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal irregularities > [adjective] > lattice defects > partial dislocation

partial1952

Shockley partial1953

1952 W. T. Read & W. Shockley in W. Shockley et al. Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals ii. 85 It was first pointed out by Heidenreich and Shockley that a dislocation having a ¹/ ₂ [110] slip vector (taking the lattice constant as unit length) in a face-centered cubic crystal could lower its energy by dissociating into two partials (Shockley partials) having slip vectors ¹/ ₆ [211] and ¹/ ₆ [121], respectively, and connected by a stacking fault.

1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xvii. 280 The more widely the partials are separated initially, the more the energy required to bring them together to form the constriction and the more rare is the cross-slip.

1993 Science 4 June 1468/3 (caption) The augite and pigeonite lattices are rotated relative to each other. Interface dislocations are dissociated into partials.

Compounds

partial birth abortion n. abortion by the technique of dilation and extraction (originally and chiefly a term used by the anti-abortion movement in the U.S.); an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1995 Washington Times 4 June a4/2 Last week, the Ohio House of Representatives overwhelmingly approved a bill that would outlaw partial-birth abortions in and beyond the sixth month of pregnancy.

1999 N.Y. Times 31 Oct. iv. 14/3 The anti-choice opposition has launched an extensive public relations campaign, using the invented term ‘partial birth’ abortion, to accomplish its long-term goal of reversing the constitutional right articulated in Roe v. Wade.

2003 Independent 6 June i. 13/8 (heading) Congress votes to ban ‘partial birth’ abortions.

partial correlation n. Statistics a correlation between two variables when one or more other variables is held constant.

ΚΠ

1898 K. Pearson & A. Lee in Philos. Trans. 1897 (Royal Soc.) A. 190 462 These values have been termed by Mr. G. U. Yule nett coefficients of correlation to distinguish them from r₂₃, r₁₃, and r₁₂, which he terms gross coefficients. The difference would, perhaps, be best expressed mathematically by the use of such terms as partial correlation coefficient and total correlation coefficient, the former being the value of the coefficient when one variable is not allowed to vary, and the latter when it is.

1959 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 12 337/1 It is possible to use percentage changes only, eliminating the effect of the original level by partial correlation analysis or analysis of residuals of a simple correlation.

1993 Evolution 47 597/1 The large number of partial correlations calculated presented a considerable problem in tems of multiple comparisons.

† partial counsel n. Scots Law Obsolete advice or communication to any of the parties in a cause, the giving of which excludes the party giving it from being a witness in that cause.

ΚΠ

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 533 The being present at a consultation with the pursuer, or the solisting for him, are likewise branches of partial Counsel.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) II. iv. ii. §29 678 The party objecting may..protest for a reprobator, i.e. protest that he may be allowed afterwards to bring evidence of the witness's enmity to him, or of his partial counsel in some other article.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Partial counsel is a ground of declinature of a judge.

partial denture n. Dentistry a denture that replaces one or more, but not all, of a person's natural teeth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture > partial

partial denture1860

1860 J. Richardson Pract. Treat. Mech. Dentistry xv. 374 (heading) Partial dentures constructed in a base of vulcanizable gums.

1975 H. Thomson Occlusion xi. 215 With the exception of the canine an abutment tooth for a partial denture should have two roots.

† partial determinant n. Mathematics Obsolete rare = minor adj. 4b.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. at Determinant Partial determinant, same as minor determinant.

partial differential equation n. see sense A. 3c.

partial dislocation n. (a) Surgery a dislocation (dislocation n. 1b) in which the relationship of the bones is disturbed but contact between them is maintained; the fact of being so disturbed; = subluxation n.; (b) Crystallography a dislocation (dislocation n. 1e) in which the displacement involved, as represented by the Burgers vector, is not an integral multiple of the lattice spacing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > dislocation

disjuncturec1400

dislocationc1400

luxation1552

disjointing1598

subluxation1634

partial dislocation1842

1842 Southern Literary Messenger 8 99/1 The unnatural action of the dorsal muscles in the effort to produce that curvature of the spine..might have occasioned a partial dislocation of that main pillar of the human system.

1951 F. C. Frank in Philos. Mag. 42 816 Unlike an ordinary twin-boundary, a translation-twin-boundary need not go right through the crystal. When it does not, its edge in the interior of the crystal is a dislocation. It will be called an imperfect dislocation (alternatively, a partial dislocation) in contrast with perfect dislocations which are surrounded entirely by good crystal.

1960 Metallurgia Mar. 125/1 He demonstrates glide, partial dislocations..and a number of other imperfections in structure.

1976 M. T. Sprackling Plastic Deformation Simple Ionic Crystals iv. 51 A strip of stacking fault extending through a crystal has two opposite sides terminated by partial dislocations.

1994 Pets Mag. 1994 Dog Care Guide 22/1 In the presence of this disease—the hip joint grows or develops abnormally leading to dislocation or subluxation (partial dislocation).

partial drought n. Meteorology a period during which the average daily rainfall does not exceed a certain minimum (originally ¼ inch over 28 days, now one-hundredth of an inch or 0.2 mm over 29 days); cf. absolute drought n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1881 G. J. Symons in Brit. Rainfall 1880 112 (1) ‘Absolute Droughts’, or all periods of 14 or more consecutive days absolutely without rain; and (2) ‘Partial Droughts’, or all periods of 28 days or upwards in which the total fall was less than a quarter of an inch.

1913 New Phytologist 12 135 The bracken has to endure at least a partial drought before the end of the season.

1972 Meteorol. Gloss (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 5) 91 The occurrences of partial droughts at selected stations were tabulated in British Rainfall until 1957... A new method of presenting rainfall deficiencies and excesses was introduced with the volume for 1961.

1994 Operations Res. 42 995/1 The ‘potential’ refers to the amount of evapotranspiration when the plants have access to all the water they require, as opposed to actual amounts under partial drought conditions where they may not.

† partial-eyed adj. Obsolete rare (probably) having an unfair or biased outlook.

ΚΠ

1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. H3 A discontented Scholler..tragicallie exclaiming vpon his partial-eid fortune.

partial fraction n. Mathematics each of two or more fractions in terms of which a given fraction can be expressed as a sum, the product of their denominators being equal to the denominator of the given fraction.

ΚΠ

1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 116 The numerators of partial fractions.

1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. vi. 198 It is very often convenient, in differentiating a rational function, to employ the method of partial fractions.

1991 J. Macqueen in C. Bondi New Applic. Math. vii. 144 We..introduce a technique for simplifying certain expressions by the method of partial fractions.

partial indulgence n. Roman Catholic Church an indulgence remitting only a part of the temporal punishment for sin.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > partial

partial indulgence1783

1783 G. Hay Sincere Christian (new ed.) II. xxiv. 93 A partial indulgence, which delivers us from it [sc. the debt of temporal punishment] only in part.

1875 Catholic World Aug. 696/2 His Holiness Pope Pius IX. has granted a partial indulgence to all who visit the church.

1963 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 35 401/2 Yet the ensuing years were marked by renewed persecution, and only a partial indulgence to protestants was offorded by the Toleration Act of 1689.

1991 Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encycl. 509/1 Plenary indulgences demand that one be free of all venial sin, but partial indulgences do not require this.

partial involucre n. Botany the involucre of a partial umbel; an involucel.

ΚΠ

1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Partial umbel, in botany; otherwise called umbellule... The involucre at the foot of this is called the partial involucre.

1976 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 707 The inflorescence is nearly always a compound umbel.., its bracts forming an involucre and partial involucres.

partial loss n. Insurance loss of or damage to only part of what is insured under a policy, esp. a marine policy; cf. particular average at average n.² 4a.

ΚΠ

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 26 We have no fixed Laws..in England, for settling partial losses on Bottomry-Monies.

1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance I. i. ii. 37 The word ‘Average’, as employed in this clause, means ‘partial loss by sea damage’.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 679/2 The payment of a partial loss gives the underwriter a similar subrogation.

1992 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 59 156 The clause ‘with average if amounting to 3 percent’ provides partial loss coverage for the perils of the sea with a 3 pecent franchise deductible.

partial order n. Mathematics = partial ordering n.

ΚΠ

1941 B. Dushnik & E. W. Miller in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 63 600 A system is called a partial order if the following conditions are satisfied. (1) If x < y then y ≮ x; and (2) if x < y and y < z, then x < z.

1990 Jrnl. Logic & Computation 1 41 A bilattice is a set equipped with two partial orders and a negation operation that inverts one of them while leaving the other unchanged.

partial ordering n. Mathematics a transitive antisymmetrical relation among the elements of a set which does not necessarily apply to each pair of the elements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of > relation between

well-ordering1914

symmetric difference1936

partial ordering1938

equivalence relation1940

symmetrical difference1978

1938 Ann. Math. 39 113 We are also able to introduce a partial ordering of the vertices of K, which corresponds to the inclusion relation in S.

1964 T. O. Moore Elem. Gen. Topol. vii. 126 Many writers require that a partial ordering be reflexive; some do not. We choose not to do so in this book.

2002 Bull. Symbolic Logic. 8 119 Shoham proposed that the notion of preferred models be defined by a partial ordering on the models of the underlying language.

partial pivoting n. Mathematics pivoting (pivoting n.) in which the choice of pivot at each stage is restricted to the largest element in the first column (or the first row) of the relevant part of the matrix, rather than the largest in all its columns or rows.

ΚΠ

1961 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 8 282 We derive first an upper bound for R when a general matrix is reduced to triangular form by Gaussian elimination, selecting as pivotal element at each stage the element of maximum modulus in the whole of the remaining square matrix. We refer to this as ‘complete’ pivoting for size, in contrast to the selection of the maximum element in the leading column at each stage, which we call ‘partial’ pivoting for size.

1973 G. M. Phillips & P. J. Taylor Theory & Applic. Numerical Anal. viii. 197 Partial pivoting using only row interchanges is preferable to that with only column interchanges.

1996 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 56 28 The truncated systems are then solved by using a subroutine from the linpack library based on Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting.

partial pressure n. the pressure that would be exerted by a constituent gas of a mixture if it alone occupied the space.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > gaseous phase > [noun] > pressures

partial pressure1857

1857 H. E. Roscoe tr. R. Bunsen Gasometry 131 The quantity of each constituent gas absorbed, is proportional to the pressure on that constituent part..; and these pressures may be distinguished as ‘partial pressures’, in contradistinction to the ‘total pressures’ of the whole mixture.

1899 J. Walker Introd. Physical Chem. vii. 55 When a mixture of gases dissolves in a liquid, each component dissolves according to its own partial pressure.

1999 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 9406/2 The change in hemoglobin saturation produced by a change in partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide of 5 mmHg..is likely to be very small.

partial product n. Mathematics (a) the product of (one term of) a multiplicand and one term of its multiplier; (b) the product of the first n terms of a series consisting of more than n terms, where n is a finite integer (including 1).

ΚΠ

c1823 New Pract. Builder 554 The sum of all the partial products will be the answer.

1898 Overland Monthly Jan. 47/1 Why he ‘carried’ in addition and multiplication; why he ‘borrowed’ in subtraction; why he set down each partial product in multiplication one place farther to the left.

1966 W. Rudin Real & Complex Anal. xv. 290 The p_n are the partial products of the infinite product.

1972 A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. xxviii. 145 Given a sequence (a_n) of non-zero real or complex numbers we form a second sequence (P_n) whose terms are the partial products P_n = Πnk = 0a_k = a₀a₁…a_n.

2000 J. Van der Spiegel et al. in R. Rojas & U. Hashagen First Computers ii. 145 Multiplication is performed by multiplying the entire multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier, and accumulating the partial products.

partial recursive adj. Mathematics and Logic designating a function defined by a recursive process which for some or all values of the arguments does not terminate, so that the value of the function is undefined.The failure of the recursive process to terminate might be due to a value of the argument for which the function is specified not appearing in the sequence of steps, working back from the one in which the argument appears.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions > recursive

general recursive1936

primitive recursive1936

partial recursive1938

1938 S. C. Kleene in Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 3 151 If we omit the requirement that the computation process always terminate, we obtain a more general class of functions, each function of which is defined over a subset (possibly null or total) of the n-tuples of natural numbers... These functions we call partial recursive.

2004 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 460 1536 The study of Diophantine equations essentially covers the class of partial recursive functions, which is at the foundation of computability.

partial sum n. Mathematics the sum of the first n terms of a series consisting of more than n terms, where n is a finite integer (including 1).

ΚΠ

1900 Amer. Math. Monthly 7 165 To interpret this, we get the sum of all the points except one and then add this partial sum to the remaining point.

1979 Sci. Amer. Oct. 24/2 These squares form the infinite sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.., and the consecutive partial sums of this sequence are 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, [etc.].

2000 Econ. & Philos. 16 125 The algorithm works on Arabic numerals, starts from the right, and carries if a partial sum exceeds nine.

partial title n. Library Science an incomplete or abbreviated form of a book's full title.

ΚΠ

1938 L. M. Harrod Librarians' Gloss. 113 Partial title, one which consists of only a part of the title as given on the title-page.

1967 Anglo-Amer. Catal. Rules: Brit. Text 267 Partial title entry, an added entry made under a secondary part of the title as given on the title page, e.g. a catchword title, subtitle, or alternative title.

partial tone n. Acoustics = sense A. 2.

ΚΠ

1863–4 Proc. Royal Soc. 13 393 By the pitch of a compound tone will be meant the pitch of the lowest partial tone or primary.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 96 That characteristic of a musical note or clang, which is called its quality, depends upon the number and relative intensities of the partial tones which go to form it.

1996 Acta Physica Polonica A. 89 269 Both linear combination of beats and the nonlinear interactions of the partial tones seem to contribute to the sensation of dissonance.

partial umbel n. Botany any of the smaller umbels of a compound umbel, an umbellule.

ΚΠ

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. viii. 17 The Umbellula which proceeds from the universal Umbel, a partial Umbel.

1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. i. 82 The entire inflorescence forms a compound umbel; the umbels of single flowers being the partial umbels.

1993 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 30 ii. p. x, (caption to cover) Solitary central flower from an umbel (usually reddish),..flower (white) from innermost partial umbel.

partial vacuum n. Physics a space largely but not totally free of air or other gas.

ΚΠ

1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 2 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 351 [The air] glides down the sides of these mountains & decends to the plains, where by the constant action of the sun on the face of an untimbered country there is a partial vacuum formed.

1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) v. 115 With the pump connections shown in fig. 25, the abolition of the partial vacuum is readily accomplished without danger.

1993 Guardian 2 Nov. (Educ. section) 12 The air clings to the curve and creates a low-pressure area or partial vacuum around the control valve.

partial valency n. [after German Partialvalenz (J. Thiele 1899, in Ann. der Chem. 306 89)] Chemistry (now historical) a partially unsatisfied valency formerly attributed to some atoms in unsaturated compounds to account for the addition reactions of olefins and the stability of the benzene ring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > valency > [noun] > partial valency

partial valency1899

1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 i. 554 The author holds the view that, in unsaturated compounds, whilst two affinities of every atom which participates in the double linking are occupied with those of the contiguous atom, the combining energy is not completely absorbed, so that the atoms in question still possess valency (Partialvalenz), and it is in this partial valency that the source of additive capacity is to be found.

1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 394 When applied to a conjugated system, such as occurs in buta-1,3-diene, Thiele postulated the union of the centre pair of partial valencies, thus creating a relatively inert type of double bond between C₂ and C₃, and leaving reactive partial valencies only at C₁ and C₄.

partial veneer n. Dentistry a veneer (veneer n. 5) consisting of a covering of three or more, but not all, of the surfaces of a tooth (the labial or buccal enamel being left exposed); usually attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [adjective] > types of crown

partial veneer1928

shoulderless1963

1928 Jrnl. Amer. Dental Assoc. Oct. 1919/2 The cast restoration is indicated in most other locations where esthetics will permit its use... One of the greatest fields of usefulness is in the construction of abutment pieces of the inlay, partial and full veneer types.

1940 S. D. Tylman Theory & Pract. Crown & Bridge Prosthesis xxvii. 332 The partial veneer retainer is indicated primarily in bridge prosthesis when two or more missing teeth are restored.

1992 Dental Clinics N. Amer. 36 765 When good labial tooth structure remains but lingual structure is inadequate, a partial veneer gold crown can be an excellent esthetic choice.

partial wave n. Physics each of the eigenfunctions of the angular momentum of a quantum-mechanical system (as a subatomic particle), the sum of which is equal to the wave function of the system (i.e. the general solution of Schrödinger's equation for the system).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > wave function

wave function1925

eigenfunction1926

Schrödinger function1935

partial wave1953

1953 R. G. Sachs Nucl. Theory iv. 65 The straightforward analysis of a scattering problem involving a short-range potential makes use of the method of partial waves.

1970 I. E. McCarthy Nucl. Reactions i. i. 13 Large values of l correspond to trajectories which miss the nucleus. Therefore the effect of the nuclear forces is noticeable only in the first few partial waves.

2002 Physical Rev. C. 66 55213-1-17 A partial-wave analysis of single-pion photoproduction data has been completed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	partial
释义	partialadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˈpɑrʃ(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English parciale, Middle English parcialle, Middle English parcyal, Middle English parcyale, Middle English parcyall, Middle English partialle, Middle English percyall, Middle English–1500s parcial, Middle English–1500s parciall, Middle English–1600s partiall, 1500s parsyall, 1500s perciall, 1500s–1600s pertiall, 1500s– partial; Scottish pre-1700 parceale, pre-1700 parcial, pre-1700 parciale, pre-1700 parciall, pre-1700 parcialle, pre-1700 parciell, pre-1700 parseall, pre-1700 partiale, pre-1700 partiall, pre-1700 perchiale, pre-1700 perciale, pre-1700 perciall, pre-1700 pertiale, pre-1700 pertiall, pre-1700 1700s– partial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French partial; Latin partialis. Etymology: < Middle French partial, parcial (French partial or partiel : see note) forming part of a whole, particular (1370), prejudiced against (1559; a1473 as noun in sense ‘member of a faction’), incomplete (a1564; 1691 of an eclipse) and its etymon post-classical Latin partialis relating to a part (6th cent.), relating to or involving a part of something, incomplete (from 12th cent. in British sources), (of an eclipse) in which only part of the disc of the eclipsed object is covered or darkened (12th cent. in British sources), individual, personal (13th cent.), divided into parts (1316), biased (13th cent.; from 1423 in British sources) < classical Latin parti- , alternative stem of part- , pars part n.¹ + -ālis -al suffix¹; compare partialiter, adverb (Caelius Aurelianus, 5th cent.). Compare Italian parziale (a1363), Spanish parcial (a1478), Portuguese parcial (17th cent.).In the course of the 18th cent. a distinction in spelling developed in French between partial in the sense ‘biased’ (compare sense A. 4) and partiel in other senses of the word (compare Dict. Acad. 1762). The form partiel , with alteration of the suffix, is apparently first attested in 1692. In sense A. 2c perhaps associated with classical Latin parcus sparing (see parcity n.). A. adj. I. Relating to a part as opposed to the whole. †1. That is one of the parts which make up a whole; constituent, component. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] > of or relating to components > forming (a) component part(s) partiala1398 integral1551 integrant1637 constitutivea1640 elemental1639 constituting1641 integrating1654 constituent1660 component1664 compounding1682 contained1696 organical1770 inbuilt1961 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 178 In þis lond been many parcial cuntrees [L. regiones particulares], in þe whiche ben nameliche many Oliphantes. c1450 (?a1402) J. Trevisa tr. De Regimine Principum (Digby 233) f. 2 (MED) It is oure entent to devyde this my hole booke in þre parcial bookes. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiii. 40 Who that myght haue the parfayt scyence therof [sc. of astronomy], he myght wel knowe how the world was compassed and plente of other parcyal sciences. 2. a. Relating to or involving a part of something rather than the whole; not general or total; constituting only a part; incomplete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] portionala1382 particulara1387 partial?a1425 part1496 molecular1877 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v (MED) Wonde of a bone forsoþ is inscisioun made in a bone..which somtyme is al fully totale, somtyme parciale [L. partialis]. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 146 (MED) Sumtyme is moreyn general, sumtyme parcyal. c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 14^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) In this description the larg alwayis is fund to be the figur totall and dyesis allwayis parcialle. 1643 J. Burroughes Expos. Hosea (1652) iv. 225 Idols are content with a partiall obedience, because they are but partiall in bestowing of good things. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xv. 51 That [cause is] Partial which, joyned with the other Causes of its own Species causes the Caused only in Part. 1745 A. Pope Ess. Man (rev. ed.) iv. 76 Or partial Ill is universal Good. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxvi. 35 This partial defeat was balanced, however, by partial success. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. ix. 94 Towards one of these hills did Marianne and Margaret one memorable morning direct their steps, attracted by the partial sunshine of a showery sky. View more context for this quotation 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 61 Our representation..is necessarily partial, as not including all its Marks. 1912 B. Russell Probl. Philos. xiii. 212 We suggested that there might be two kinds of self-evidence, one giving an absolute guarantee of truth, the other only a partial guarantee. 1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter iii. 29 He was embarrassed by his partial baldness. 1989 Psychiatric Devel. 7 112 In the process of starting the thought there is a slippage off topic that may be only partial, in which case the next thought fragment seems somewhat related. 2000 Guardian 19 Oct. ii. 12/3 The nature of visual perception is momentary, partial and fragmentary. †b. Particular; individual, personal; relating to a particular interest rather than to the common or larger good. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > relating to a person in his individual capacity > personal or private singularc1340 personala1387 partial?a1439 familiar1569 domestical1586 home1650 domestic1707 vernacular1840 intime1857 intimate1884 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1030 (MED) Parcial causes in sooth ther may non be Atwen vs tweyne. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xx. 63 A true counseiller seeth more to the comyn wele than to his owne parcyall proffit. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Av^v Ilk man takis his proper part partiall. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 87 The iniuries done to ony of them..sould be equall pertiall to thame all. 1788 J. Jay Federalist Papers v. 12 Envy and jealousy would soon extinguish confidence and affection, and the partial interests of each confederacy. †c. Using or dealing with only a part of something, not the whole; sparing. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [adjective] sparingc1386 savingc1440 husbandlya1450 husbandlike1542 spareful1565 chary1570 dainty1576 partial1576 spare1577 parsimonious?1591 spary1601 scant1603 wary1605 frugala1616 spare-handed1626 squeasy1628 canny1725 scrimp1728 scrimping1823 sparesome1864 stinting1867 hard-arsed1893 1576 A. Fleming tr. Caecina in Panoplie Epist. 81 I thought good, first not to touche, secondly to be parciall of my pen. 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 245 Howe parciall and sparing in diet, how moderate in apparel. 3. a. Astronomy. Of an eclipse: in which only part of the disc of the eclipsed object is covered or darkened. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1602 T. Blundeville Theoriques Seven Planets 183 The Partiall Eclipse is when some part of the Moone is darkened, and not the whole. 1652 W. Lilly Easie & Familiar Method 1 A partiall Eclipse, or but in part, is when those twelve Digits or parts of the Luminar body are not all of them darkned. 1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 463 Observation of a partial Eclipse of the Moon. 1810 J. Greig Astrography iv. 75 If the moon is in the ecliptic at the change, then there is a total eclipse of the sun; and if within 17° of it, that is of her descending node, there is a partial eclipse. 1898 H. James Let. 9 July in Amer. Writers 702 It is in pieces on the minor scale that her instinct of presentation most happily serves her, and that instinct..suffers only a partial eclipse. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 752/1 Partial eclipses caused by the interposition of a dark companion moving around them [sc. stars of the Algol type]. 1993 Harrowsmith Dec. 31/2 Given..the fact that most eclipses are partial, the odds of seeing a total lunar eclipse more than twice a decade are fairly slim. b. Botany. Forming one of the parts or divisions of a compound structure; secondary, subordinate. Chiefly in partial umbel, involucre (see Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [adjective] > having particular shape, type, or arrangement > of or bearing an umbel or rays partial1760 rayed1824 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. viii. 17 The Umbellula which proceeds from the universal Umbel, a partial Umbel. 1790 Encycl. Brit. III. 428/2 Racemus..is when the flowers are placed on short partial peduncles. 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia at Partial umbel A partial peduncle, is a subdivision of a common peduncle. 1828 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora (ed. 2) II. 93 Partial bracteas five, ovate, acute, three-ribbed. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 58 Compound leaves are such as have the petioles branched one or more times before it bears blades; the branches of the petiole are called partial petioles or petiolules. 1993 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol, 30 ii. p. x, (caption to cover) Solitary central flower from an umbel (usually reddish),..flower (white) from innermost partial umbel. c. Mathematics. Designating or relating to differentiation of a function of two or more variables with respect to only one of the variables, the other(s) being treated as constant. partial differential equation n. an equation containing one or more partial derivatives. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > calculus > [adjective] > other partial1801 Runge–Kutta1930 differentiable1935 pre-exponential1940 1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 155 Partial fluxions of x and y. 1816 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 106 245 ψ(x, y)..is a partial differential equation. 1852 Cambr. & Dublin Math. Jrnl. 7 127 The class of partial differential equations to which the Laplacian equation belongs. 1889 W. W. Johnson Treat. Ordinary & Partial Differential Equations xi. 288 An equation..giving the value of a single partial derivative, or more generally an equation giving a relation between the several partial derivatives of a function of two or more independent variables, is called a partial differential equation. 1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 94 It is simpler for the purpose of proving theorems..to use directly a generalized partial derivative which has itself vectorial properties. 1957 I. N. Sneddon Elem. Partial Differential Equations iii. 97 If u is the complementary function and z₁ a particular integral of a linear partial differential equation, then u + z₁ is a general solution of the equation. 1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 474/2 To handle waves, Newton dives directly into the partial differential equation that describes a one-dimensional wave. II. That favours one part or side over another. 4. a. Unduly favouring or predisposed to favour one party or side in an argument, dispute, contest, etc.; biased, prejudiced; unfair. Opposed to impartial. ΘΚΠ society > morality > rightness or justice > wrong or injustice > [adjective] > partial or biased partial1425 affectionate1530 affectionated1535 affectioneda1578 biased1642 one-sided1834 partialistic1896 1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 296/2 My said Lordes..shall..procede and acquite hem self..withouten yt thei..shall pryvele or appert..be partie or partiall yrinne. c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) 2397 (MED) Have Iuges trewe good and wyse, not parcial but indifferent men. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 153 (MED) In thys matyr be nat parciall; Remembre your name was wont to be egall. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts x. 34 I perseaue, that God is not parciall. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxvi A perciall interpretour marreth the sentence. 1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker ii. sig. E2 Tis said thou art not partiall, and dost winde the Prince, the begger, and the potentate all in one mould. 1660 R. South Interest Deposed 7 Your Worldliness, your luxury, your sinister partial Dealing. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 582 The Witness is produc'd on either Hand; For this, or that, the partial People stand. 1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 29 But if magistrates are unrighteous; if they are respecters of persons; if they are partial in their administration of justice; then those who do well have as much reason to be afraid as those that do evil. 1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers lxxviii. 297 These sometimes extend no farther than to the injury of the private rights of particular classes of citizens, by unjust and partial laws. 1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism v. 67 It is inconsistent with justice to be partial. 1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 54 Who sits supreme in righteous state Above man's partial mood. 1925 J. M. Murry Keats & Shakespeare iii. 29 The rational mind is partial, because it excludes everything that is non-rational. 1986 Stage & Television Today 7 Aug. 8/2 I know why the show was not received well on the Press Night, yet to say so publicly will seem partial and bitter. 2002 Independent (Nexis) 13 June 16 [The report] exposed the Department of Work and Pensions for its highly partial attitude to parliamentary questions. †b. Favouring a particular person or thing excessively or especially; biased or prejudiced in a person's favour. Hence in weakened sense: favourably disposed, sympathetic. Frequently with to. Obsolete (in later use passing into senses A. 4a and A. 4c). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] mildeOE blitheOE goodOE well-willingOE beina1200 goodfulc1275 blithefula1300 faira1300 benignc1320 gainc1330 sweetc1330 kinda1333 propicec1350 well-willeda1382 well-disposeda1393 well-hearteda1393 well-willinga1393 friendsomea1400 well-willya1400 charitablec1405 well-willed1417 good-heartedc1425 kindlyc1425 honeyed1435 propitious1440 affectuousc1441 willya1449 homelyc1450 benevolous1470 benigned1470 benevolent1482 favourousc1485 well-meaned1488 well-meaning1498 humanec1500 favourablec1503 affectionatea1516 well-mindedc1522 beneficial1526 propiciant1531 benignate1533 well-intendeda1535 beneficious1535 kind-hearted1535 well-given1535 affectioned1539 well-wishing1548 figgy?1549 good-meaning1549 affectedc1553 affectionated1561 well-natured1561 well-affected?1563 officious1565 well-inclined1569 good-natured1582 partial1587 graceful?1593 well-intentioned1598 beneficent1616 candid1633 kindlike1637 benefic1641 kindly-hearted1762 well-meant1765 benignanta1782 sweet-hearted1850 1587 Queen Elizabeth I Let. 14 Feb. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) III. 23 Who shall otherwise perswade yow, judge them more partiall to others then to yow. c1592 Faire Em sig. F2 And neuer could I see a man methought That equald Manuile in my partiall eye. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania ii. 278 Yet did not this hinder my iorney, for my thought I was more deserving him, then the rare Princesse, so partiall are we to our selves. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 148 So obliging, so partial to our Sophist. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iii. 49 My friend Reldresal, Principal Secretary for private Affairs, is, in my opinion, if I am not partial, the second after the Treasurer; the rest of the great Officers are much upon a Par. 1759 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) V. xli. 275 Men naturally believed she had been influenced by an affection still more partial than that of friendship. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 I am not so partial to the royal judgment, as to affirm [etc.]. 1805 M. G. Lewis tr. J. H. D. Zschokke Bravo of Venice i. vi. 68 Rosabella, a creature in whose formation partial Nature seemed to have omitted nothing, which might constitute the perfection of female loveliness. 1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xv. 192 Not the partial Father, loving one alone. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch I. xvii. 306 ‘A mother is never partial,’ said Mr Farebrother, smiling. c. colloquial. With to. Having a liking for, fond of, keen on. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > liking or favourable regard > [adjective] disposedc1430 affectuousc1441 affectioned1539 fond1548 affectionated1561 well-affectionate1567 affected1584 fancied1589 partial1621 predilective1790 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 59 His loue, to compasse which, no meanes seem'd ill, so partiall was he to his vild desires. 1696 M. Prior Secretary 16 Athens..Where people knew love, and were partial to verse. 1747 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 189 I am not partial to the family. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. xxii. 359 I am not more partial to my arm chair, nor more averse to shaving, than of yore. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. iv. 43 I'm rather partial to Carols, myself, and that's the best of reasons for my never hearing any. 1889 A. Lang Prince Prigio xvii. 133 He brought out some cold sausage (to which Alphonso was partial). 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xx. 226 I am partial to the oil of the olive. 1990 B. Roche Poor Beast in Rain i. ii. 15 I thought you were supposed to be partial to the wild boys. 2001 Oldie Dec. 8/3 We have to admit that we are rather partial to a good obituary. †5. Inclined or apt (to do something). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined > to do something or towards some physical state inclinedc1450 prone1561 subject1566 propense1568 inclininga1576 inclinable1590 partial1615 proclive1653 elective1796 1615 in T. Birch Court & Times James I I. 363 They are too partial to think themselves sacro sancti, that they may not be touched. B. n. †1. An instance of bias or partiality. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1655 E. Robinson Disc. Warr Lancs. (1864) 4 I have related without partialles as much as I could (though really I was of the one side). 2. Acoustics and Music. Each of the simple sinusoidal components of a complex musical sound. Also in extended use.The partials comprise the fundamental and the harmonics (overtones). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > simple tone simple tone1864 partial1873 pure tone1902 tone1919 sine tone1962 1873 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. Helmholtz in E. Atkinson et al. tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz Pop. Lect. Sci. Subj. 101 Although we are not usually clearly conscious of these beating upper partials, the ear feels their effect as a want of uniformity or a roughness in the mass of tone. 1881 J. Broadhouse Student's Helmholtz 175 If only the uneven partials are present..the quality of tone is hollow. 1931 G. O. Russell Speech & Voice iii. xv. 158 The high partials become ‘metallic’ like the tin-panny piano. 1939 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 171 13 The energy radiated is the sum of an infinite number of essentially positive terms, each of the infinitely numerous upper partials of frequency jν₀. 1960 A. H. Benade Horns, Strings, & Harmony viii. 184 There are great divagations on the harmonics, modes, and partials of simple pipes which have over the years covered up a great deal of the facts of life in the theory of brass instruments. 1996 C. Jenkins in P. Trynka Rock Hardware 59/2 Korg's Wavestation introduces the concept of wave sequencing, by which sampled partials can be chained to produce complex rhythmic sounds. 3. Mathematics. A partial derivative. ΚΠ 1930 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 16 39 The Jacobi method..consists in differentiating (11) with respect to α₁,α₂ and equating the partials to two new constants β₁, β₁. 1968 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 36 1144 Some identities involving second partials of the Hamiltonian function and the Lagrangian function are obtained. 1996 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 354 2144 The energy of the surface may be expanded in a Taylor series, E(X)..where..H is the Hessian matrix, whose components are the second partials of E(X). 4. Crystallography. = partial dislocation n. (b) at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal irregularities > [noun] > lattice defects > partial dislocation partial1952 the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal irregularities > [adjective] > lattice defects > partial dislocation partial1952 Shockley partial1953 1952 W. T. Read & W. Shockley in W. Shockley et al. Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals ii. 85 It was first pointed out by Heidenreich and Shockley that a dislocation having a ¹/ ₂ [110] slip vector (taking the lattice constant as unit length) in a face-centered cubic crystal could lower its energy by dissociating into two partials (Shockley partials) having slip vectors ¹/ ₆ [211] and ¹/ ₆ [121], respectively, and connected by a stacking fault. 1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xvii. 280 The more widely the partials are separated initially, the more the energy required to bring them together to form the constriction and the more rare is the cross-slip. 1993 Science 4 June 1468/3 (caption) The augite and pigeonite lattices are rotated relative to each other. Interface dislocations are dissociated into partials. Compounds partial birth abortion n. abortion by the technique of dilation and extraction (originally and chiefly a term used by the anti-abortion movement in the U.S.); an instance of this. ΚΠ 1995 Washington Times 4 June a4/2 Last week, the Ohio House of Representatives overwhelmingly approved a bill that would outlaw partial-birth abortions in and beyond the sixth month of pregnancy. 1999 N.Y. Times 31 Oct. iv. 14/3 The anti-choice opposition has launched an extensive public relations campaign, using the invented term ‘partial birth’ abortion, to accomplish its long-term goal of reversing the constitutional right articulated in Roe v. Wade. 2003 Independent 6 June i. 13/8 (heading) Congress votes to ban ‘partial birth’ abortions. partial correlation n. Statistics a correlation between two variables when one or more other variables is held constant. ΚΠ 1898 K. Pearson & A. Lee in Philos. Trans. 1897 (Royal Soc.) A. 190 462 These values have been termed by Mr. G. U. Yule nett coefficients of correlation to distinguish them from r₂₃, r₁₃, and r₁₂, which he terms gross coefficients. The difference would, perhaps, be best expressed mathematically by the use of such terms as partial correlation coefficient and total correlation coefficient, the former being the value of the coefficient when one variable is not allowed to vary, and the latter when it is. 1959 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 12 337/1 It is possible to use percentage changes only, eliminating the effect of the original level by partial correlation analysis or analysis of residuals of a simple correlation. 1993 Evolution 47 597/1 The large number of partial correlations calculated presented a considerable problem in tems of multiple comparisons. † partial counsel n. Scots Law Obsolete advice or communication to any of the parties in a cause, the giving of which excludes the party giving it from being a witness in that cause. ΚΠ 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 533 The being present at a consultation with the pursuer, or the solisting for him, are likewise branches of partial Counsel. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) II. iv. ii. §29 678 The party objecting may..protest for a reprobator, i.e. protest that he may be allowed afterwards to bring evidence of the witness's enmity to him, or of his partial counsel in some other article. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Partial counsel is a ground of declinature of a judge. partial denture n. Dentistry a denture that replaces one or more, but not all, of a person's natural teeth. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture > partial partial denture1860 1860 J. Richardson Pract. Treat. Mech. Dentistry xv. 374 (heading) Partial dentures constructed in a base of vulcanizable gums. 1975 H. Thomson Occlusion xi. 215 With the exception of the canine an abutment tooth for a partial denture should have two roots. † partial determinant n. Mathematics Obsolete rare = minor adj. 4b.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. at Determinant Partial determinant, same as minor determinant. partial differential equation n. see sense A. 3c. partial dislocation n. (a) Surgery a dislocation (dislocation n. 1b) in which the relationship of the bones is disturbed but contact between them is maintained; the fact of being so disturbed; = subluxation n.; (b) Crystallography a dislocation (dislocation n. 1e) in which the displacement involved, as represented by the Burgers vector, is not an integral multiple of the lattice spacing. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > dislocation disjuncturec1400 dislocationc1400 luxation1552 disjointing1598 subluxation1634 partial dislocation1842 1842 Southern Literary Messenger 8 99/1 The unnatural action of the dorsal muscles in the effort to produce that curvature of the spine..might have occasioned a partial dislocation of that main pillar of the human system. 1951 F. C. Frank in Philos. Mag. 42 816 Unlike an ordinary twin-boundary, a translation-twin-boundary need not go right through the crystal. When it does not, its edge in the interior of the crystal is a dislocation. It will be called an imperfect dislocation (alternatively, a partial dislocation) in contrast with perfect dislocations which are surrounded entirely by good crystal. 1960 Metallurgia Mar. 125/1 He demonstrates glide, partial dislocations..and a number of other imperfections in structure. 1976 M. T. Sprackling Plastic Deformation Simple Ionic Crystals iv. 51 A strip of stacking fault extending through a crystal has two opposite sides terminated by partial dislocations. 1994 Pets Mag. 1994 Dog Care Guide 22/1 In the presence of this disease—the hip joint grows or develops abnormally leading to dislocation or subluxation (partial dislocation). partial drought n. Meteorology a period during which the average daily rainfall does not exceed a certain minimum (originally ¼ inch over 28 days, now one-hundredth of an inch or 0.2 mm over 29 days); cf. absolute drought n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1881 G. J. Symons in Brit. Rainfall 1880 112 (1) ‘Absolute Droughts’, or all periods of 14 or more consecutive days absolutely without rain; and (2) ‘Partial Droughts’, or all periods of 28 days or upwards in which the total fall was less than a quarter of an inch. 1913 New Phytologist 12 135 The bracken has to endure at least a partial drought before the end of the season. 1972 Meteorol. Gloss (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 5) 91 The occurrences of partial droughts at selected stations were tabulated in British Rainfall until 1957... A new method of presenting rainfall deficiencies and excesses was introduced with the volume for 1961. 1994 Operations Res. 42 995/1 The ‘potential’ refers to the amount of evapotranspiration when the plants have access to all the water they require, as opposed to actual amounts under partial drought conditions where they may not. † partial-eyed adj. Obsolete rare (probably) having an unfair or biased outlook. ΚΠ 1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. H3 A discontented Scholler..tragicallie exclaiming vpon his partial-eid fortune. partial fraction n. Mathematics each of two or more fractions in terms of which a given fraction can be expressed as a sum, the product of their denominators being equal to the denominator of the given fraction. ΚΠ 1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 116 The numerators of partial fractions. 1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. vi. 198 It is very often convenient, in differentiating a rational function, to employ the method of partial fractions. 1991 J. Macqueen in C. Bondi New Applic. Math. vii. 144 We..introduce a technique for simplifying certain expressions by the method of partial fractions. partial indulgence n. Roman Catholic Church an indulgence remitting only a part of the temporal punishment for sin. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > partial partial indulgence1783 1783 G. Hay Sincere Christian (new ed.) II. xxiv. 93 A partial indulgence, which delivers us from it [sc. the debt of temporal punishment] only in part. 1875 Catholic World Aug. 696/2 His Holiness Pope Pius IX. has granted a partial indulgence to all who visit the church. 1963 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 35 401/2 Yet the ensuing years were marked by renewed persecution, and only a partial indulgence to protestants was offorded by the Toleration Act of 1689. 1991 Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encycl. 509/1 Plenary indulgences demand that one be free of all venial sin, but partial indulgences do not require this. partial involucre n. Botany the involucre of a partial umbel; an involucel. ΚΠ 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Partial umbel, in botany; otherwise called umbellule... The involucre at the foot of this is called the partial involucre. 1976 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 707 The inflorescence is nearly always a compound umbel.., its bracts forming an involucre and partial involucres. partial loss n. Insurance loss of or damage to only part of what is insured under a policy, esp. a marine policy; cf. particular average at average n.² 4a. ΚΠ 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 26 We have no fixed Laws..in England, for settling partial losses on Bottomry-Monies. 1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance I. i. ii. 37 The word ‘Average’, as employed in this clause, means ‘partial loss by sea damage’. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 679/2 The payment of a partial loss gives the underwriter a similar subrogation. 1992 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 59 156 The clause ‘with average if amounting to 3 percent’ provides partial loss coverage for the perils of the sea with a 3 pecent franchise deductible. partial order n. Mathematics = partial ordering n. ΚΠ 1941 B. Dushnik & E. W. Miller in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 63 600 A system is called a partial order if the following conditions are satisfied. (1) If x < y then y ≮ x; and (2) if x < y and y < z, then x < z. 1990 Jrnl. Logic & Computation 1 41 A bilattice is a set equipped with two partial orders and a negation operation that inverts one of them while leaving the other unchanged. partial ordering n. Mathematics a transitive antisymmetrical relation among the elements of a set which does not necessarily apply to each pair of the elements. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of > relation between well-ordering1914 symmetric difference1936 partial ordering1938 equivalence relation1940 symmetrical difference1978 1938 Ann. Math. 39 113 We are also able to introduce a partial ordering of the vertices of K, which corresponds to the inclusion relation in S. 1964 T. O. Moore Elem. Gen. Topol. vii. 126 Many writers require that a partial ordering be reflexive; some do not. We choose not to do so in this book. 2002 Bull. Symbolic Logic. 8 119 Shoham proposed that the notion of preferred models be defined by a partial ordering on the models of the underlying language. partial pivoting n. Mathematics pivoting (pivoting n.) in which the choice of pivot at each stage is restricted to the largest element in the first column (or the first row) of the relevant part of the matrix, rather than the largest in all its columns or rows. ΚΠ 1961 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 8 282 We derive first an upper bound for R when a general matrix is reduced to triangular form by Gaussian elimination, selecting as pivotal element at each stage the element of maximum modulus in the whole of the remaining square matrix. We refer to this as ‘complete’ pivoting for size, in contrast to the selection of the maximum element in the leading column at each stage, which we call ‘partial’ pivoting for size. 1973 G. M. Phillips & P. J. Taylor Theory & Applic. Numerical Anal. viii. 197 Partial pivoting using only row interchanges is preferable to that with only column interchanges. 1996 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 56 28 The truncated systems are then solved by using a subroutine from the linpack library based on Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting. partial pressure n. the pressure that would be exerted by a constituent gas of a mixture if it alone occupied the space. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > gaseous phase > [noun] > pressures partial pressure1857 1857 H. E. Roscoe tr. R. Bunsen Gasometry 131 The quantity of each constituent gas absorbed, is proportional to the pressure on that constituent part..; and these pressures may be distinguished as ‘partial pressures’, in contradistinction to the ‘total pressures’ of the whole mixture. 1899 J. Walker Introd. Physical Chem. vii. 55 When a mixture of gases dissolves in a liquid, each component dissolves according to its own partial pressure. 1999 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 9406/2 The change in hemoglobin saturation produced by a change in partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide of 5 mmHg..is likely to be very small. partial product n. Mathematics (a) the product of (one term of) a multiplicand and one term of its multiplier; (b) the product of the first n terms of a series consisting of more than n terms, where n is a finite integer (including 1). ΚΠ c1823 New Pract. Builder 554 The sum of all the partial products will be the answer. 1898 Overland Monthly Jan. 47/1 Why he ‘carried’ in addition and multiplication; why he ‘borrowed’ in subtraction; why he set down each partial product in multiplication one place farther to the left. 1966 W. Rudin Real & Complex Anal. xv. 290 The p_n are the partial products of the infinite product. 1972 A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. xxviii. 145 Given a sequence (a_n) of non-zero real or complex numbers we form a second sequence (P_n) whose terms are the partial products P_n = Πnk = 0a_k = a₀a₁…a_n. 2000 J. Van der Spiegel et al. in R. Rojas & U. Hashagen First Computers ii. 145 Multiplication is performed by multiplying the entire multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier, and accumulating the partial products. partial recursive adj. Mathematics and Logic designating a function defined by a recursive process which for some or all values of the arguments does not terminate, so that the value of the function is undefined.The failure of the recursive process to terminate might be due to a value of the argument for which the function is specified not appearing in the sequence of steps, working back from the one in which the argument appears. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions > recursive general recursive1936 primitive recursive1936 partial recursive1938 1938 S. C. Kleene in Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 3 151 If we omit the requirement that the computation process always terminate, we obtain a more general class of functions, each function of which is defined over a subset (possibly null or total) of the n-tuples of natural numbers... These functions we call partial recursive. 2004 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 460 1536 The study of Diophantine equations essentially covers the class of partial recursive functions, which is at the foundation of computability. partial sum n. Mathematics the sum of the first n terms of a series consisting of more than n terms, where n is a finite integer (including 1). ΚΠ 1900 Amer. Math. Monthly 7 165 To interpret this, we get the sum of all the points except one and then add this partial sum to the remaining point. 1979 Sci. Amer. Oct. 24/2 These squares form the infinite sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.., and the consecutive partial sums of this sequence are 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, [etc.]. 2000 Econ. & Philos. 16 125 The algorithm works on Arabic numerals, starts from the right, and carries if a partial sum exceeds nine. partial title n. Library Science an incomplete or abbreviated form of a book's full title. ΚΠ 1938 L. M. Harrod Librarians' Gloss. 113 Partial title, one which consists of only a part of the title as given on the title-page. 1967 Anglo-Amer. Catal. Rules: Brit. Text 267 Partial title entry, an added entry made under a secondary part of the title as given on the title page, e.g. a catchword title, subtitle, or alternative title. partial tone n. Acoustics = sense A. 2. ΚΠ 1863–4 Proc. Royal Soc. 13 393 By the pitch of a compound tone will be meant the pitch of the lowest partial tone or primary. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 96 That characteristic of a musical note or clang, which is called its quality, depends upon the number and relative intensities of the partial tones which go to form it. 1996 Acta Physica Polonica A. 89 269 Both linear combination of beats and the nonlinear interactions of the partial tones seem to contribute to the sensation of dissonance. partial umbel n. Botany any of the smaller umbels of a compound umbel, an umbellule. ΚΠ 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. viii. 17 The Umbellula which proceeds from the universal Umbel, a partial Umbel. 1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. i. 82 The entire inflorescence forms a compound umbel; the umbels of single flowers being the partial umbels. 1993 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 30 ii. p. x, (caption to cover) Solitary central flower from an umbel (usually reddish),..flower (white) from innermost partial umbel. partial vacuum n. Physics a space largely but not totally free of air or other gas. ΚΠ 1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 2 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 351 [The air] glides down the sides of these mountains & decends to the plains, where by the constant action of the sun on the face of an untimbered country there is a partial vacuum formed. 1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) v. 115 With the pump connections shown in fig. 25, the abolition of the partial vacuum is readily accomplished without danger. 1993 Guardian 2 Nov. (Educ. section) 12 The air clings to the curve and creates a low-pressure area or partial vacuum around the control valve. partial valency n. [after German Partialvalenz (J. Thiele 1899, in Ann. der Chem. 306 89)] Chemistry (now historical) a partially unsatisfied valency formerly attributed to some atoms in unsaturated compounds to account for the addition reactions of olefins and the stability of the benzene ring. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > valency > [noun] > partial valency partial valency1899 1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 i. 554 The author holds the view that, in unsaturated compounds, whilst two affinities of every atom which participates in the double linking are occupied with those of the contiguous atom, the combining energy is not completely absorbed, so that the atoms in question still possess valency (Partialvalenz), and it is in this partial valency that the source of additive capacity is to be found. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 394 When applied to a conjugated system, such as occurs in buta-1,3-diene, Thiele postulated the union of the centre pair of partial valencies, thus creating a relatively inert type of double bond between C₂ and C₃, and leaving reactive partial valencies only at C₁ and C₄. partial veneer n. Dentistry a veneer (veneer n. 5) consisting of a covering of three or more, but not all, of the surfaces of a tooth (the labial or buccal enamel being left exposed); usually attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [adjective] > types of crown partial veneer1928 shoulderless1963 1928 Jrnl. Amer. Dental Assoc. Oct. 1919/2 The cast restoration is indicated in most other locations where esthetics will permit its use... One of the greatest fields of usefulness is in the construction of abutment pieces of the inlay, partial and full veneer types. 1940 S. D. Tylman Theory & Pract. Crown & Bridge Prosthesis xxvii. 332 The partial veneer retainer is indicated primarily in bridge prosthesis when two or more missing teeth are restored. 1992 Dental Clinics N. Amer. 36 765 When good labial tooth structure remains but lingual structure is inadequate, a partial veneer gold crown can be an excellent esthetic choice. partial wave n. Physics each of the eigenfunctions of the angular momentum of a quantum-mechanical system (as a subatomic particle), the sum of which is equal to the wave function of the system (i.e. the general solution of Schrödinger's equation for the system). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > wave function wave function1925 eigenfunction1926 Schrödinger function1935 partial wave1953 1953 R. G. Sachs Nucl. Theory iv. 65 The straightforward analysis of a scattering problem involving a short-range potential makes use of the method of partial waves. 1970 I. E. McCarthy Nucl. Reactions i. i. 13 Large values of l correspond to trajectories which miss the nucleus. Therefore the effect of the nuclear forces is noticeable only in the first few partial waves. 2002 Physical Rev. C. 66 55213-1-17 A partial-wave analysis of single-pion photoproduction data has been completed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). partialv. Brit. /ˈpɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˈpɑrʃ(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: partial adj. Etymology: < partial adj. (see partial adj. 3c). Statistics. transitive. With out. To eliminate or remove the influence of (a factor or variable) during statistical analysis when considering the relationship between other variables. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > collect or employ statistics [verb (transitive)] > alter or modify smooth1889 weight1901 partial1928 skew1929 studentize1934 1928 E. L. Thorndike et al. in Adult Learning iii. 31 When other factors than age are equalized or ‘partialed out’, the influence approaches zero. 1940 G. H. Thomson Anal. Performance Test Scores ii. 9 The form of distribution of age is not very important since age was partialled out. 1976 Nature 24 June 689/1 When the effect of air temperature was partialled out..a rise in adjusted oral temperature was found in the 6 d following. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 8 Feb. 128/4 If you partial out the social class element the picture changes dramatically. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1398v.1928
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partialadj.n.

Compounds

partialv.