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单词 pass
释义

passn.1

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/
Forms: Middle English–1600s (1700s Scottish) passe, Middle English– pass.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: pace n.1; French pas.
Etymology: Originally a variant of pace n.1, probably reinforced in early modern English by French pas (see pace n.1). In later use often associated with pass v., and thus in some senses not easily separated from pass n.4Sense 10 may perhaps belong at pass n.4
†I. Rate of stepping.
1. The rate at which a person or animal takes steps, or moves by stepping. Cf. pace n.1 4b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun]
speedc1175
passa1393
pace?a1439
strake1558
rate1652
velocity1656
rapidity1701
rake1768
bat1824
clip1868
tempo1898
work rate1906
pacing1958
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1205 (MED) He which goth the pass Defyed best of alle was.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. 3444 [She] tuk hir rayk wiþe mowande passe.
†II. A step.
2.
a. One step of a flight of stairs or the like. Cf. pace n.1 10. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > step
stepc825
treadlea1000
stopelc1200
degreec1290
passa1400
pace1423
grece1448
stair1530
footing1725
stair-step1794
gradin1839
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 9948 (MED) Climband vp wit seuen pass [c1460 Laud pace], Ilkan es wit þair messur mette, Ful semeli þar ar þai sett.
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 92v (MED) A passe: gressus.
b. A step, a stride; a short distance. Also figurative. Cf. pace n.1 9a. Obsolete (Scottish in later use). to draw one's pass (Scottish): to leave off a pursuit. to be about a pass (with) (Scottish): to keep step (with).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > pace or step
stridec725
stepc975
pacec1330
pass?c1400
pass?a1425
footstep1570
rhythm1778
?c1400 tr. Secreta Secret. (Sloane) (1977) 13 Whose passes ar wyde, longe, and late, he sale spede and be welthy in alle his wayes.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 203 Till hym thai ȝeid a full great pass.
?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 142 A little passe Beyond our Fore-decke, from the fall there was.
1759 F. Douglas Rural Love 8 Mess James affronted drew his pass.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 10 A hellzier she than Lindy younger was, But for her growth was much about a pass.
c. = pace n.1 8. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > pace or step
stridec725
stepc975
pacec1330
pass?c1400
pass?a1425
footstep1570
rhythm1778
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 41 Fra þe kirke of þe sepulcre..ane aght score passez es þe temple Domini.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 18 This arck..was in length half a myle and xl passes.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 148 (MED) When he had dygid in the erþe abowte xx passe, he fonde there i-hidde thre crosses.
1611 in H. Maule Reg. de Panmure (1874) I. p. xcv The space of fourscor passes.
†III. A passage of text.
3. In a piece of writing, esp. (in later use) a legal text: a part, chapter, or clause. Also: a space of time. Cf. pace n.1 7, passus n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > chapter or section
capitleeOE
chapter?c1225
pacea1325
chapitle1340
passa1400
capitalc1460
titlec1460
spacea1500
section1576
head1610
tract1662
passus1765
screed1829
subtitle1891
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10970 (MED) I and mi wijf on ald tas Of barns er we passed þe pass [a1400 Trin. Cambr. tyme].
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2845 (MED) Here a passe ende [a1500 Trin. Dub. a passe endes].
1546 Bp. S. Gardiner Declar. True Articles 27 So as in thys passe of saynt Paule, saynte Chrisostome is verye dylygente to note and conferme vnto vs.
1573 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 275 In quhilk Act, besyde mony utheris passis and claussis,..it is statute and ordanit [etc.].
1633 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1817) V. 152/1 Dispenssis for ever In all..heades articles claussis obleisments pointes passis..of the samyn.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. sig. B4 A summary view of the cardinall passes of the government of this Kingdome.
IV. A way to pass through.
4.
†a. A course, route, or road; a way into or out of somewhere. Also formerly: †a journey; passage, passing. Cf. pace n.1 1. Obsolete. all the pass of: all over.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun]
patheOE
gangOE
gangwayOE
passagec1300
wenta1325
goingc1350
transit1440
way-wenta1450
accessa1460
traduct1535
conveyance1542
ancoming1589
passado1599
avenue1600
passageway?1606
pass1608
way-ganga1628
approach1633
duct1670
waygate?c1690
way-goa1694
vent1715
archway1802
passway1825
approach road1833
fairway1903
a1450 York Plays (1885) 275 (MED) I am prowde and preste to passe on a passe, To go with þis gracious, hir gudly to gyde.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2978 (MED) Þe pepill of þe palais, quen þai his passe [a1500 Trin. Dub. hym passe] saȝe, Rusches vp in a res.
c1510 Gest Robyn Hode ccclvii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 73 All the passe of Lancasshyre He went both ferre and nere.
1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxiii. 274 Some Marchants theare..did mind with Nations, then vnknowne, New Traffiques, & the passe thereto was by Caboto showne.
1608 G. Chapman Trag. Duke of Byron v, in Conspiracie Duke of Byron sig. O3v Let your Armie Take the directest passe, it shall goe safe.
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 143 The King and Councell seemed to have the sole power..to open and shut the passes of Trade.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 537 The force of both Counties..should be drawn to Tiverton, and upon that Pass, to fight with the Rebels.
a1709 J. Fraser Chrons. Frasers (1905) 299 A common passe where they had conveniency of burialls.
1798 R. Bloomfield Spring in Farmer's Boy 302 [He] Sees every pass secur'd, and fences whole.
b. Chiefly Military. A place on a way or route which affords a strategically important point for attack, ambush, or defence, esp. one affording an entrance to or exit from a region, city, etc. Also figurative. Cf. pace n.1 2a.† pass of arms n. [after Middle French pas d'armes (c1330)] Obsolete rare a point on a road which cannot be passed except by fighting the person who defends.Now usually with reference to a place of defence.to sell the pass: see sell v. 7g.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground > viewed strategically
passa1450
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 9046 Here to manacen whom that ȝe wylle, and this passe to kepen.
1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa II. i. vi. 183 At a place of advantage.., he pitcht his Campe, and by winning the Passe hinder'd Asbruballs progresse.
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 98 They would be able to keep their Pass and fence off all assault of Conviction.
a1704 T. Brown Satyr against Woman in Wks. (1707) I. i. 83 Thus all the unguarded passes of his Mind she'll try.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Pass Pass of Arms, in Chivalry, a Place which the antient Knights undertook to defend, E.gr. a Bridge Road, &c. not to be passed without fighting the Persons who kept them.
1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1792) I. xvii. 74 Horatius Cocles, who alone defended the pass of a bridge against the whole Tuscan army.
1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic ii. 10 The sentinel which guards the pass between the worlds of matter and of spirit.
1927 W. G. Sumner Sci. of Society xiv. 379 The Khonds fortified a pass in the way between the Police camp and their village.
1969 Listener 24 July 123/1 It is doubtful whether anybody but David Frost could have held the ITV format together so well... For nine hours he held the pass until the time-filling could stop.
2002 Sunday Times (Nexis) 7 July (Culture section) 41 The Spartans who defended the pass at Thermopylae.
c. A place at which a river can be crossed by ford or ferry. Also (occasionally): a bridge. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > place where something may be crossed
ferry1286
passage?a1400
trajecta1552
crossing1632
trajection1637
pass1649
rack1659
crossing-place1763
river crossing1839
transit1852
1649–50 O. Cromwell Let. 15 Feb. in Writings & Speeches (1939) (modernized text) II. 214 Desirous to gain a pass over the Suir, where indeed we had none but by boat, or when the weather served.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Worc. 181 The Royalists Chiefest strength consisted in two Passes they possessed over the River of Severn.
1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 815 To guard the Passes of the German Rhine.
1834 H. Taylor Philip van Artevelde ii. ii. i. 242 I shall strive to keep The passes of the Lis.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. iii. 66 The watch-tower of Peniel, which years afterwards guarded the passes of the Jordan.
1952 R. P. Bissell Monongahela 168 That didn't faze him none, he run her right over the pass, tow and all, knocked the wickets down and went on down the river.
5.
a. A way through or across an area where passage is limited by natural impediments, such as trees, marshes, or hills. Chiefly spec.: a route over or through a mountainous region; a narrow passage between mountains. Cf. pace n.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground
portc1275
pacec1330
close?a1400
destrayt1481
gate1601
gut1615
passc1650
defile1685
ghat1698
mountain pass1707
bealach1794
ca1795
poort1834
Passover1839
droke1848
gateway1884
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 211 Of ane pass or brig whiche Newcastell behoved to marche by.
1661 T. Ross tr. Silius Italicus Second Punick War v. 127 The Pass is narrow..Between those Hills.
1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 205 Pignerol..a Commodious Pass from France to Italy.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 35 Having gone thro' a very rugged and uneven pass.
1779 in New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1850) VI. 314 This morning the troops..pass the Windgap, so called, for its being the only pass for a number of miles through a long chain of mountains.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 194 The guide, abating of his pace, Led slowly through the pass's jaws.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 388/2 The chief pass of the Lepontian Alps is that of the St. Gothard.
1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) ii. 280 Mountains ten thousand feet high through which there was no pass.
1989 S. Chinodya Harvest of Thorns (1990) xxx. 219 At last they found a pass through the mountains and went down into the village.
2002 Corpus Christi Caller-times (Nexis) 29 Mar. b1 After making the 15-mile drive down the beach, trucks..turn into Yarborough Pass, a pre-existing pass through the dunes.
b. to head (also cut) off at the pass: to prevent from travelling through a pass. Frequently figurative: to forestall, to put a stop to.
ΚΠ
1939 N.Y. Times Mag. 23 Apr. 14/3 The director asked: ‘Aren't you going to study your lines?’ ‘I know what it says,’ replied Bickford. ‘I'll turn to the gang and say, “We'll head 'em off at Eagle Pass”.’
1945 N.Y. Times 25 May 22/4 In a climacteric flourish of action filled with the spirit of ‘head 'em off at Eagle Pass’, Chen Ta and warriors charge down from their mountain hide-away to rescue the village.
1961 Washington Post 7 Mar. b5/2 ‘The New Frontier's A Bum Steer’ began the message, which urged voters to ‘Join the GOP Posse and Head 'Em Off at the Pass in '62.’
1972 Amer. Econ. Rev. 62 528 These villains can be prevented from causing inflation, cut off at the pass, through the use of ‘emergency expedients’.
1994 Proscenium Fall 16 The arts community was..reeling from the pre-empted merger of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Canada Council, cut off at the pass by the Senate.
2000 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) (Nexis) 23 Jan. Like a movie cowboy headin' them off at the pass, guide Bill Erwin..bounced ahead of the animals in a flatbed truck to set up an ambush on a ridgetop.
6. A navigable channel, esp. at a river's mouth or in a delta; spec. one in the Mississippi delta.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > channel > [noun] > navigable channel through shoals, etc.
channel1536
thoroughfare1598
swatch1626
traversea1645
pilot water1653
swash1694
pass1698
waterway1759
water lane1779
swatchway1798
fairwater1802
swash-way1839
water gate1850
stoach-way1853
seaway1866
swash channel1885
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 123 The next Morning, with only sending my Servant ashore to acquaint the Rendero, I quitted the Pass.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 56 Passes that lead to the City from the Adriatic.
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 109 The greatest part [of the vessels] escaped by running into the pass of Toulinquet.
1817 J. W. Heustis Physical Observ. Topogr. & Dis. Louisiana 23 The main branch of the Mississippi has three mouths, or, as they are called, passes.
1895 J. Winsor Mississippi Basin 154 A fort was soon built at the Balize,..on the edge of the Gulf, but which to~day is nine miles up the pass.
1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. vii. 173 A river crosses its delta through a number of channels known variously as distributaries, mouths, or passes.
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 10 Aug. 8/7 The ferry ran on a reef when negotiating the tricky waters of Active Pass.
2002 Platt's Petrochem. Rep. (Nexis) 11 Oct. 1 The Southwest Pass, a crucial ship channel in southern Louisiana that links the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River.
7. A narrow street; an alley, esp. one running between two streets. Also: an indoor passage or corridor. Now Scottish and Irish English (northern).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > narrow passage or narrow part of passage
chare12..
danger1393
throata1522
creek1573
pass1712
push-through1888
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 454. ⁋4 While he whipped up James-Street, we drove for King-Street, to save the Pass at St. Martin's Lane.
1727 A. Pope Alley 46 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. A narrow Pass there is, with Houses low.
1806 J. W. Croker Amazoniad 61 A pass from Crow-street leads to Temple-bar.
1902 Daily Chron. 16 Apr. 7/2 How Royal and Coronation processions got through the Pass is a secret which our London fore~fathers have taken to their graves.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 208/1 Pass, an open, exposed passage or lane.
1975 J. Y. Mather & H. H. Speitel Ling. Atlas Scotl. I. 201 Passage between houses, [Sutherland, Banff, Aberdeen, Antrim, Donegal, Fermanagh] Pass.
8. A channel built to enable fish to swim past or over a weir or similar obstacle, esp. (more fully salmon pass) one for salmon migrating upstream to spawn. Usually with modifying word. Cf. fish-ladder n. at Compounds 2b, fish-pass n. at fish n.1 Compounds 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish passage or ladder
salmon leapa1387
fish-way1845
fish-pass1861
pass1861
fish-ladder1865
salmon ladder1867
salmon pass1867
zigzaga1877
1861 Act 24 & 25 Victoria c. 109 §23 Any Proprietor of a Fishery with the written Consent of the Home Office may attach to every Dam..a Fish Pass, of such Form and Dimensions as the Home Office may approve.
1899 Daily News 4 May 11/2 In 1863 a salmon pass or ladder was made at Wood Mill, with the result that fish were enabled to ascend into the non-tidal waters.
1950 Chambers's Jrnl. 180/2 All new and rebuilt obstructions in rivers frequented by salmon must be provided with a pass to enable the fish to surmount the obstacle.
1998 Wildlife News (Berks., Bucks. & Oxon Naturalists' Trust) 13/1 Man-made obstructions such as weirs and sluice gates inhibit the natural migration and spawning process of the salmon and therefore special passes have to be built.
2001 Independent 20 Apr. i. 1/6 The Environment Agency has installed a series of cameras at known river ‘salmon passes’—the fish world equivalent of the M1's fast lane.
9. Scottish. A passage between the seats in a church; an aisle. Cf. pace n.1 3. Sc. National Dict. s.v. records this sense as still in use in north-eastern Scotland in 1965.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > aisle or passage > [noun]
alley1497
pace1499
going1516
aisle1646
pass1871
alure1878
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xi. 84 He was going along the ‘pass’ to shut the door.
1873 D. Gilmour Reminisc. Pen Folk 51 (E.D.D.) William McLerie..steps noiselessly up the ‘pass’, asking kindly for each as he slips along.
1913 C. Murray Hamewith 29 When stridin' slawly ben the pass, Or to the lettrin speelin'.
V. A passage for materials.
10. Mining. A chute down which ore slides from one level to another.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > chute for passing coal, etc., into receptacle
pass1671
trunk1725
chute1829
coal drop1864
1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2108 After the Ore is landed,..'tis brought..and unloaded at the head of the Pass (i.e. 2 or 3 bottom-boards with 2 side-boards sloping-wise) in which the Ore slides down into the Coffer.
1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II. (at cited word) A Frame of Boards consisting of 2 or 3 bottom Boards and two side ones set slope-wise, thro' which the Ore slides down into the Coffer of the Stamping-Mill, for the Tin-works, is called by the Workmen the Pass.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 161 Pass, an opening in a mine through which ore is shot from a higher to a lower level.
1944 Korero (N.Z.) (AEWS Background Bull.) 24 Apr. 20 Clad in trousers and singlet, they are busy shovelling the quartz down a ‘pass’ to the level below.
1993 Forbes 18 Jan. 81/2 Freeport built an ore pass, a sort of laundry chute that drops fist-size chunks of ore 3,000 feet.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† passn.2

Forms: late Middle English passe, 1600s pass.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin passum.
Etymology: < classical Latin passum raisin wine, made from dried grapes, use as noun of neuter of passus spread out, (of fruit) spread out to dry, dried, past participle of pandere to spread (see pandation n.); compare classical Latin ūvae passae raisins. Compare Italian †vino passo (a1350), Spanish vino passo (1555).
Obsolete.
Wine made from raisins, raisin wine; = passum n. Also pass-wine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > non-grape and home-made wines > [noun] > raisin-wine
pass?1440
raisin wine1599
stepony1656
passum1657
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 961 Or in defrute or passe [L. passo] sethe hem faire.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. 500 (MED) This licoure Affrikes calleth passe [L. passum].
c1450 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Bodl. Add.) xi. 491 Now passe is made, that Affrike useth make Aforn vyndage.
1671 tr. A. Charant Let. Countrys King of Tafiletta 37 They..are forc'd to make use of Pass-wine, or Raisin-wine, for they call Raisin of the sun Pass,..it is a white Wine, but muddy.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

passn.3

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/
Forms: late Middle English–1600s passe, 1500s pas, 1600s– pass; also Scottish pre-1700 pas, pre-1700 pase, pre-1700 passe.
Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch pas; Middle Low German pas.
Etymology: Either < Middle Dutch pas, passe (Dutch pas ) particular state or condition, particular place, particular time, figurative use of pas , passe step, pace, way, or < Middle Low German pas particular state or condition, particular time, figurative use of pas step, pace, way, both < Old French pas pace n.1 Compare pass n.1With sense 1 compare Middle Dutch te pas , te passe (Dutch te pas ), Middle Low German tō passe appropriately, fittingly, properly, suitably, chiefly in phrases, as Middle Dutch (Cleves) tō passe kōmen to turn out, result, Dutch te pas komen to be opportune, to come in handy, Middle Low German tō passe kōmen to come in handy, to put in order, to get something done, tō gūdem passe kōmen to have success. With sense 3 compare French être dans une bonne (or mauvaise) passe (1704). In early modern English and Older Scots sometimes difficult to distinguish in sense 3 from similar senses of pass n.1 and pace n.1
1.
a. to come (also †go) to pass: to take place in the course of events; to happen, occur; to be accomplished or realized; to come to fulfilment. †to come evil to pass: to turn out badly (obsolete). †to come well to (our) pass: to turn out well (for us) (obsolete). †to come to good pass: to turn out well (obsolete).to pass is now usually apprehended as the infinitive of the verb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)]
becomec888
i-tidec888
falleOE
ywortheOE
i-limp975
belimpOE
i-timeOE
worthOE
tidea1131
goa1200
arearc1275
syec1275
betide1297
fere1297
risea1350
to come aboutc1350
overcomea1382
passa1393
comea1400
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400
eschew?a1400
chevec1400
shapec1400
hold1462
to come (also go) to pass1481
proceed?1518
occura1522
bechance1527
overpass1530
sorta1535
succeed1537
adventurec1540
to fall toc1540
success1545
to fall forth1569
fadge1573
beword?1577
to fall in1578
happen1580
event1590
arrive1600
offer1601
grow1614
fudge1615
incur1626
evene1654
obvene1654
to take place1770
transpire1775
to go on1873
to show up1879
materialize1885
break1914
cook1932
to go down1946
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)]
speedc1175
fayc1300
provec1300
flourishc1400
passc1425
prosper1434
succeedc1450
to take placea1464
to come well to (our) pass1481
shift?1533
hitc1540
walka1556
fadge1573
thrive1587
work1599
to come (good) speedc1600
to go off1608
sort1613
go1699
answer1721
to get along1768
to turn up trumps1785
to come off1854
pan1865
scour1871
arrive1889
to work out1899
to ring the bell1900
to go over1907
click1916
happen1949
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > go wrong
mistimeOE
to come evil to pass1481
tread awry1524
mischance1552
to go wrong1592
pall1604
to go haywire1929
snafu1943
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 101 The wulf..threw the foxe al plat vnder hym, whiche cam hym euyl to passe [Du. dat hem seer misuiel].
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvi. 226 Alas! why dyd not Huon knowe his entente? if he had, the mater had not gone so to passe.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xiii. f. cxliv Nowe tell I you before it come: that when yt is come to passe, ye myght beleve that I am he.
1527 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 119 Within breif tyme all sall cum to gude pase.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 336 Not..to be brought in despaire, if some thyng have not well come to our passe.
1611 Bible (King James) Num. xi. 23 Thou shalt see now whether my word shall come to pass vnto thee [ Coverdale: shall be fulfilled in dede], or not. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vi. §5 When therefore any Prophets did foretell things..and those things did not come to pass, it was a certain evidence of a false Prophet.
1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. v. 20 Which accordingly came to pass.
1784 E. Allen Reason viii. §1. 294 It is very improbable..that the prophecy of Micah will ever come to pass.
1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iv. xv. 259 The Gospel was no after-thought, as it were,..but came to pass as God had predetermined.
1887 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. VI. 121 If the projects foreshadowed by De Maulde had come to pass.
1937 J. Marquand Thank you, Mr. Moto xvii. 126 Matters came to pass exactly as the tortoise had predicted.
1991 P. McGilligan George Cukor ix. 231 He wasted a lot of time on pipe-dream films that never came to pass.
b. to bring to pass: to cause to happen; to bring to accomplishment, fulfilment, or realization.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect
helpc1410
obtain?a1425
procurec1425
practise?a1439
upholdc1450
furnish1477
to bring about1480
to bring to passc1513
conduce1518
contrive1530
to make good1535
moyen1560
effect1581
effectuatea1586
to level out1606
operate1637
to carry offa1640
efficiate1639
work1761
engineer1831
c1513 T. More Kyng Edward V in Chron. Ihon Hardyng (1543) ii. f. xxxviiiv It shoulde be harde for hym to bryng hys purpose to passe.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1228 A tratyse he deuysid & browght it to pas, Callid Speculum Principis.
1549 H. Latimer 1st Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Bviiiv Many hath taken in hande to brynge manye thinges vnto passe.
a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) v. iii Doe but bring this to passe which thou pretendest.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 169 They [sc. faith and sanctity] are not Miracles, but brought to passe by education.
1654 Trag. Alphonsus ii. 24 Huge wonders will Alphonsus bring to pass.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iv. 97 Canaan..resolv'd..to give himself the Satisfaction of bringing it to pass.
1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 91 I know not by what means such an event can be brought to pass.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxviii. 317 What another year would bring to pass, who could tell?
1891 H. Caine Scapegoat I. Introd. 10 What the sumner of the Lord of Hosts had not done, the sumner of the Lord Sultan very speedily brought to pass.
1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey i It is not poets who bring things to pass, but rather Zeus who pays out to men, the Makers, their fates at his whim.
1992 J. Creighton Oil on Troubled Waters (BNC) 80 One project Iraq was no doubt relieved to see never brought to pass concerned the much spoken-of Majnun field.
c. With subordinate clause. it comes to pass (that): it comes to be the fact that; it comes about or happens that. Usually in past tense.Used frequently in Tyndale's Bible (1526) and in the King James version (1611); in later use sometimes archaic or humorous with allusion to this biblical style.to pass is now usually apprehended as the infinitive of the verb.
ΚΠ
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xi. f. xiiij And it cam to passe when Iesus had ended his preceptes..he departed thence.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Ded. And so it came to passe, that through the pithye eloquence of this noble Oratoure, divers stronge Castels and Fortresses were peaceablye geven up.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxii. i And it came to passe after these things, that God did tempt Abraham. View more context for this quotation
1671 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 5) ii. 136 It came to pass that divers were unburgessed.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 418. ¶3 But how comes it to pass, that we should take delight in being terrified or dejected by a Description.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 44 It comes to pass, that those places only, which are situated in the point of divergence..experience two tides a day.
1840 W. M. Thackeray King of Yvetot in Paris Sketch Bk. III. 212 And every day it came to pass, That four lusty meals made he.
1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. xl. 331 Every man..knows very well who will be the next Prime Minister when it comes to pass that a change is imminent.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. ix. 230 Thus it came to pass that, after the first spurt, the business fell back to about where it had been before Susan came.
1992 J. Dominguez & V. Robin Your Money or your Life v. 157 And so, as they say in fairy tales, it came to pass that she had a successful husband, two sons, [etc.]
2001 Times 27 June ii. 11/2 And so it comes to pass that Patrick Wallingford..has his left hand snatched from him while standing just too close to a lion's cage.
†d. to pass: in or into proper position. Cf. well to pass adj. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > in (original or proper) position [phrase]
in place1560
to pass1647
in situ1648
the world > space > relative position > [adverb] > to proper position or in position
to pass1647
1647 N. Nye Art of Gunnery ii. 5 If the first shot had struck under the Mark, then bring the Peece in all points as before to passe.
†2. Event, issue, outcome. Chiefly as a mass noun. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > a conclusion or end
finea1300
head1340
conclusion1382
close1399
finishmentc1400
issue1479
pass1542
tittle est Amen1568
wind-up1573
wind-up-all1573
upshot1586
catastrophe1609
come-off1640
period1713
pay-off1926
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > outcome or that which results
issuea1325
outcominga1382
conclusionc1384
endc1385
fruita1400
finec1405
termination?a1425
sumc1430
succession1514
sequel1524
game1530
success1537
event1539
pass1542
increase1560
outgate1568
exit1570
cropc1575
utmosta1586
upshoot1598
sequence1600
upshot1604
resultance1616
upshut1620
succedenta1633
apotelesm1636
come-off1640
conclude1643
prosult1647
offcome1666
resultant1692
outlet1710
period1713
outcome1788
outrun1801
outcome1808
upset1821
overcome1822
upping1828
summary1831
outgo1870
upcomec1874
out-turn1881
end-product1923
pay-off1926
wash-up1961
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. Socrates §93 n., f. 38 [He] shall easily bryng the same to suche ende, and to such passe and effecte, as he would dooe.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 287/2 God will bring all to good passe.
c1600 Resurrection of Our Lord (1912) 22 When the mater framed, and came to this passe that the Bishops apprehended hym.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets ciii. sig. G2v To no other passe my verses tend, Then of your graces and your gifts to tell. View more context for this quotation
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 11 Wee haue at the length, through the good hand of the Lord vpon vs, brought the worke to that passe that you see.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης ix. 86 By this reckning his consents and his denials come all to one pass.
1680 M. Stevenson Wits Paraphras'd 36 Blest Paper! to what happy pass Art thou ordain'd, to kiss her A—.
3. A situation or point in the course of a sequence of events; esp. a critical, difficult, or unfortunate situation; a predicament, a juncture. Frequently with modifying word; (to come to, reach, etc.) a pretty pass: (to arrive at) a bad or regrettable state of affairs. Cf. pace n.1 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > difficult state of things
hard casec1325
box1546
pass1560
little-ease1589
a fine kettle1741
mess1812
how-do-you-do1835
hot mess1867
bed of nails1872
shitter1958
strife1963
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > juncture or critical point
timeeOE
point?c1225
state of time (also times)1534
pass1560
conjuncture1619
juncture1656
hinge1775
cross-road1795
contingency1803
the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > reach a regrettable state of affairs
(to come to, reach, etc.) a pretty pass1842
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lviij Yet all thynges lyke to come to suche a passe.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. iii. sig. Bb3v Him seemed fit, that wounded Knight To visite, after this nights perillous passe . View more context for this quotation
1610 R. Abbot Old Way 27 To that desperate passe they are brought by the writings of the authors.
1682 N. Luttrell Diary 26 June (1857) I. 199 All things are come to that passe, that they judge by the men, and not by the meritt of the cause.
1729 W. Law Serious Call iv. 66 To such a pass are we now come.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Triumph of Life in Posthumous Poems (1824) 85 How and by what paths I have been brought To this dread pass.
1842 W. M. Thackeray in Punch 3 192 A pretty pass things are come to, when hussies like this are to be bepraised and bepitied.
1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 9 Neglecting, at this critical pass, to secure the maritime approaches to his realm.
1955 Times 5 Aug. 10/4 Things, one felt, must have reached a pretty pass if the big banks..had run into the same squalid staffing problems as the National Coal Board.
1992 M. Bishop Count Geiger's Blues xxxi. 153 Had Bari come to such a pass, erotically speaking, that she'd developed a fetish for guys gussied up in superhero drag?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

passn.4

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/
Forms: 1500s–1600s passe, 1600s– pass; Scottish pre-1700 pas, pre-1700 passe, pre-1700 1700s– pass.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French passe ; pass v.
Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French passe act of passing (1368 in Old French), the ring through which the ball is driven in the game of pall-mall (1606), (in bullfighting) movement of the cape made by a matador (1833 or earlier), (in hypnotism) act of passing the hands over a person without touching (1838), sexual liaison (1856) < passer pass v., and partly directly < pass v.In early modern English sometimes difficult to distinguish in sense 3a from similar senses of pass n.1 and pace n.1
I. An act or the fact of passing; passage.
†1. Probably: demeanour; a course of action. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > mode or manner of behaviour or conduct
rate1517
pass1555
forma1616
style1770
pose1892
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 269 To be honestly appareiled, and accordyngly to vse their passe and conuersacion.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 367 When I perceiue your grace, like powre diuine, Hath look'd vpon my passes . View more context for this quotation
1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy v. iii. sig. M4 Make scruteny throughout the passes [1708 Quarto 4 passages] Of your owne life.
†2. General approval; a reputation. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun]
nameeOE
talec1175
fame?c1225
lose1297
creancec1330
stevenc1374
opinionc1384
credencec1390
recorda1393
renowna1400
reputationc1400
reportc1425
regardc1440
esteema1450
noisea1470
reapport1514
estimation1530
savour1535
existimationa1538
countenancea1568
credit1576
standing1579
stair1590
perfumec1595
estimate1597
pass1601
reportage1612
vibration1666
suffrage1667
rep1677
face1834
odour1835
rap1966
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor v. i. sig. M Or that their slubberd lines haue currant passe, From the fat iudgements of the multitude. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 52 I do know him well, and common speech Giues him a worthy passe . View more context for this quotation
3.
a. An act or instance of moving into, out of, across, or past something; passing, passage. Cf. pass n.1 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > [noun]
goinga1250
passagec1300
passingc1350
progressiona1460
local motion1551
progress1564
pass1602
traverse1663
locomoving1704
roll1827
onwards1943
society > travel > [noun] > travelling across or through
passagec1300
transita1500
traversing1524
traverse1563
thorough-faring?1575
pass1602
peragration1611
traject1852
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun]
leadinga1300
passagec1300
overstyinga1382
overpassingc1384
transita1500
pass1602
transitation1605
transcursion1624
transcent1626
transmeation1630
pertransition1653
tranation1654
transcurrence1656
coming1726
traversion1838
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 45 In the passe and repasse out of England into Fraunce.
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads iii. 45 He sent his bigge voice forth, and gaue his graue words passe.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 61 This priviledge of safe passe being..ancient and fundamentall,..resteth still in force.
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. ii. 61 The Sap moving through the cortical Body, towards the Pith, through the Insertions thereinto, obtains a pass.
1743 C. Russell Let. 22 June in J. Croke et al. Rep. Manuscripts Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley (1900) 254 We..had it in our power easily to cut off their pass over the bridge.
1820 J. Cleland Rise & Progress Glasgow 121 There are four or five hundred passes and repasses in the same period.
1844 D. Welsh Serm. 186 How dread must be the pass from the unsubstantial fabric of this earthly state to those abodes.
1889 J. McCarroll Madeline & Other Poems 71 The monastery fell, for its turret and bell Stood aloft in the whirlwind's pass.
1967 Technol. Week 23 Jan. 28/2 Primary function of the subsystem is to correct the flight trajectory to assure a close pass by Mars.
1994 Up Here (Yellowknife, N.W. Territories) Sept. 15/1 We squeak down to the beach in our oilskins..for one more pass across that rich, invisible reef.
†b. Departure from life; death. Also figurative. Cf. to pass away at pass v. Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun]
hensithOE
qualmOE
bale-sithea1000
endingc1000
fallOE
forthsitheOE
soulingOE
life's endOE
deathOE
hethensithc1200
last end?c1225
forthfarec1275
dying1297
finec1300
partingc1300
endc1305
deceasec1330
departc1330
starving1340
passingc1350
latter enda1382
obita1382
perishingc1384
carrion1387
departing1388
finishmentc1400
trespassement14..
passing forthc1410
sesse1417
cess1419
fininga1425
resolutiona1425
departisona1450
passagea1450
departmentc1450
consummation?a1475
dormition1483
debt to (also of) naturea1513
dissolutionc1522
expirationa1530
funeral?a1534
change1543
departure1558
last change1574
transmigration1576
dissolving1577
shaking of the sheets?1577
departance1579
deceasure1580
mortality1582
deceasing1591
waftage1592
launching1599
quietus1603
doom1609
expire1612
expiring1612
period1613
defunctiona1616
Lethea1616
fail1623
dismissiona1631
set1635
passa1645
disanimation1646
suffering1651
abition1656
Passovera1662
latter (last) end1670
finis1682
exitus1706
perch1722
demission1735
demise1753
translation1760
transit1764
dropping1768
expiry1790
departal1823
finish1826
homegoing1866
the last (also final, great) round-up1879
snuffing1922
fade-out1924
thirty1929
appointment in Samarra1934
dirt nap1981
big chill1987
a1645 D. Featley tr. I. Wake in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus (1651) 492 Whose happy passe, agreeable to his godly life, God forbid that any should deplore.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Third 13 For man you smile; Why not Smile at him too? You share indeed His suddain Pass; but not his constant Pain.
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. iii. 141 This pass of human thought, This wilderness of intellectual death.
1876 W. Morris tr. Virgil Æneids i. 9 Pious King Æneas moaned the pass Of brisk Orontes.
c. Aeronautics. A short, low, sweeping movement made by an aircraft; esp. one of a series of such movements, as when diving to fire at a target or to drop a bomb. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > short, sweeping passage or s
pass1943
the world > animals > birds > flight > [noun] > specific type of
tower1486
high flying1556
whirleryc1560
soaring1575
plane1622
soar1817
song flight1839
overflight1883
pursuit flight1930
pass1987
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Aug. 4 He followed him into a power dive after two Japanese planes, made one pass without any results and went into a cloud.
1968 M. Woodhouse Rock Baby xvi. 153 An overhead pass by a very low-flying helicopter.
1987 World Mag. Oct. 26/1 It shows amazing flying skill as it threads through a wood or copse to pursue any prey that escapes the first pass.
2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 15 Apr. 7 The ground troops moved in, covered by Cobra helicopter gunships which could be seen making passes over the city.
d. Sport. A single passage over a course or round a circuit; a lap.
ΚΠ
1970 J. G. Sylvester in A. Tyll Compl. Beginner's Guide Water Skiing p. ix The fallen skier..continued his one remaining trick run pass with perfect execution.
1977 Custom Car Nov. 21/2 Norm Wheeldon, moving up from Junior with his Rowatt/Chevy-motored T, opened a few eyes with a nine-second pass.
1986 Drag Racing Sept. 84/1 After installing the borrowed piece, he reportedly blackened some bearings during his next pass.
2000 Brit. Waterskier Sept. 39/2 So next time you fall on your start pass,..just stop and think for a second before you throw that tantrum.
4. The act of passing a test, examination, course of study, etc.; the number of marks required to pass a particular examination; an award obtained for attaining this; spec. the attainment of such a standard in a degree course as qualifies for the awarding of the degree but without honours; a degree awarded in such circumstances, a pass degree.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > pass or pass without honours
gulf1827
pass1838
shave1840
1838 T. Arnold Let. 22 June in A. P. Stanley Life of Dr. Arnold (1844) II. viii. 127 A pass little go, or even great go, is surely a ridiculous thing, as all that the University expects of a man after some twelve or fourteen years of schooling and lecturing.
1860 M. Burrows (title) Pass and class: an Oxford guide-book through the courses of Literæ Humaniores, Mathematics, Natural Science, and Law and Modern History.
1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxxvi. 388 Honours were out of the question, and a pass we most of us obtained.
1882 J. Southward Pract. Printing (1884) 199 If, however, there are only three marks or less, there is ‘no pass’.
1923 R. Macaulay Told by Idiot iv. vi. 270 Stanley's son was at Oxford, reading for a pass.
1963 J. Fountain in B. James Austral. Short Stories 275 Brilliant passes in the Intermediate and Leaving Certificate examinations.
2000 Plumbing Mag. (Inst. Plumbing) May 15/3 (advt.) A one day training and assessment course; where a pass will bring you a BPEC..Certificate.
5. Bridge. An act of declining to make a bid.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > pass
pass1923
slow pass1931
penalty pass1959
1923 M. C. Work Auction Bridge of 1924 497 Business Pass, a pass which indicates to the partner, who has made an Information Double, that the existing declaration will be remunerative.
1958 Listener 25 Dec. 1094/3 I agree with West's opening pass and with his next bid of Two No Trumps.
1981 G. Brandreth Everyman's Indoor Games 81 A player whose bid is followed by three subsequent passes then has to win the declared number of tricks.
6. transitive. North American. to give (something) a pass: to forgo.
ΚΠ
1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 23 Sept. b1 It was mentioned on the radio, and one Washington newspaper carried the story on its financial page, but the network news gave it a pass.
1987 M. Atwood Bluebeard's Egg 214 Alma has decided to give this experience a pass.
2003 Nation (N.Y.) 18 Aug. 49/1 It's in terrible shape, so blemished by cracks and fissures that one would give it a pass at a yard sale.
II. Permission or authorization to pass.
7.
a. Permission to leave, enter, or travel somewhere; a document giving or declaring such permission. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > authorization to travel to, from, or in a country > [noun] > document
passport1498
letters of passport1521
pass1586
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > to go or come
passport1498
pass1586
let-pass1635
laissez-passer1914
1586 Let. of Priviledge in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 825 They shal haue a letter of passe giuen vnto them.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 936 He cast to leave The Court, not asking any passe or leave.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 120 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) To give him Passe to seek adventures in some forraigne country.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 3 Apr. (1974) VIII. 145 The Dutch have ordered a passe to be sent for our Commissioners.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 9 To get passes and Certificates of Health..for without these, there was no being admitted to pass thro' the Towns.
1798 Ld. Nelson Let. 27 Oct. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 163 I am much displeased that you should grant Passes to the Ships of any Power with whom we are at War.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Pass, or Passport, a permission granted by any state to a vessel, to navigate in some particular sea without molestation.
1883 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. IV. xiv. 140 He obtained from Arnold a pass enabling him..to traverse the American lines.
1942 R. Packard & E. Packard Balcony ix. 157 The airline official said, ‘Have you got permission from the Air Ministry to make such a trip?’ Reynolds showed him the pass.
1969 R. Lowell Notebk. (1970) 213 Even suppose I had..earned a pass to the minor slopes of Parnassus.
1990 European 11 May 13/1 Albanians are required to obtain a pass from their local Sigurimi (secret police) agent to travel from their village to anywhere else in the country.
b. Military. An authorization or document permitting a member of the armed forces to take leave of absence (now usually for a short, specified length of time).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > specific certificates
pass1617
beating-order1721
smart ticket1734
papers1872
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 253 No souldier should bee discharged but by Passe from the Lord Deputie, Principall Gouernour, or chiefe Commanders.
1847 J. J. Oswandel Notes Mexican War (1885) i. 31 This morning, after breakfast, orders were read for each captain of their respective companies, to give each company ten passes to go to New Orleans.
1887 Times 28 Sept. 7/3 Passes to remain out after hours for well-conducted soldiers.
1919 Athenæum 8 Aug. 729/1 The soldier going on short leave speaks usually of ‘going on pass’.
1955 ‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren iii. 67 Before she had been a year at Ford Janet came to look forward to her next pass with something close to apprehension.
1994 C. Grant X-Files: Goblins iii. 24 So he had wangled a pass from the sarge, no sweat, put on his civies and hitched a ride into Marville.
c. In England: an official order sending a pauper or vagrant back to his or her original parish of settlement under the Poor Law system. Now historical.The practice became less common after reforms made in the 19th cent., e.g by the Poor Removal Act 1861 and the Union Chargeability Act 1865. The National Assistance Act 1948 repealed the Poor Law.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > passing pauper to parish
pass1646
pass-warrant1840
1646 Stanleyes Remedy 3 They may earne money by their worke, to carrie them to another work-house, and so forwards to the place whereunto they would repaire, without being distressed, or wanting reliefe, or troubling the Constables with Passes.
1743–4 Act 17 Geo. II c. 5 Incorrigible rogues..who being apprehended..refuse to go before a magistrate, or to be examined on oath, or to be conveyed by a pass.
1786 Pilton Churchwardens' Accts. in Notes & Gleanings 2 37/2 Paid a woman that had a Pass to Wexford in Ireland 0s. 6d.
1895 Dict. National Biogr. at Parnell, James After three days he was forcibly driven from the town, with a pass describing him as a rogue.
1926 D. Marshall Eng. Poor in Eighteenth Cent. vi. 233 To the parish constable was entrusted the task of apprehending all such wanderers,..providing them with a pass, which allowed them to go the direct way back to their places of settlement.
1996 P. Griffiths Youth & Authority v. 286 Women who were not resident in the parish in which they were arrested were usually handed a pass and returned to their last place of settlement.
d. Australian History. A document issued to a convict permitting him or her to travel to a different area.
ΚΠ
1796 Instr. Constables Country Districts 13 They are to apprehend all Persons passing to and from the different Settlements who are not furnished with proper Passes.
1822 J. T. Bigge Rep. State Colony New South Wales 79 A pass, signed by the master of a convict, is requisite to enable him to travel to any part of his own district on his master's business.
1865 J. F. Mortlock Experiences of Convict 87 Foot-travellers must exhibit their ‘pass’ and satisfy enquiries on pain of apprehension.
1962 D. Pike Austral. v. 85 Prisoners now had to work in convict gangs for at least a year before they were given probationary passes which allowed them to seek private employ in the country.
1963 M. Barnard Hist. Austral. vi. 82 Various methods, such as passes and certificates, had been used to control the movement of convicts, but without success.
e. In South Africa and Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe): an identity document formerly issued to black Africans, which restricted movement and residence in certain areas and had to be produced on demand. Now historical.Laws obliging black people to carry such passes (see pass law n. at Compounds 2) were repealed in South Africa in 1986. From 1952 the passes were officially known in English as reference books (see reference book n. 2) and more informally as pass books (see passbook n. 3).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > to go or come > in South Africa
pass1828
passbook1956
1828 J. Philip Res. S. Afr. I. 167 Among the many hardships to which the Hottentot is subject by this proclamation, one must advert to the Law of Passes, contained in the 16th article.
1899 W. J. Knox-Little Sketches & Stud. S. Afr. ii. i. 127 It was required that he should have..a ‘pass’ or certificate when moving from place to place.
1914 in Statute Law of S. Rhodesia (1923) II. 273 Every native shall be bound, on demand made by any Pass Officer, to state all the particulars required to be entered upon his pass or certificate.
1928 R. R. R. Dhlomo Afr. Tragedy 21 There was no necessity for him to go to the Pass Office and spend half a day there waiting for his pass to be endorsed.
1972 P. Driscoll Wilby Conspiracy (1973) iii. 40 The black man shuffled forward, reaching automatically for his pass, and the constable paged through the green booklet.
1983 S. Fugard Revolutionary Woman (1984) ii. 76 Burn the registration certificates. We refuse to carry these passes.
f. A card, ticket, or permit giving authorization for the holder to enter or have access to a place, form of transport, or event, esp. one which requires no payment, or for which payment has been made in advance. Also: a document showing that the holder is entitled to concessionary fares, rates of admission, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > freedom from charge > [noun] > practice of admitting free of charge > ticket admitting free of charge
pass1838
pass check1842
comp1871
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > for free use or admission
free pass1653
billet1697
order1763
paper1785
pass1838
courtesy card1934
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > ticket > for free admission
pass1838
billboard pass1890
1838 Actors by Daylight 1 141 Give the Mounseer a pass to the pit.
1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. ix. 270 He has..railway-passes.
1894 Times (Weekly ed.) 9 Feb. 113/2 An..applicant for a free pass over this company's lines of railway.
1944 J. W. Krutch Samuel Johnson (1945) viii. 210 Garrick..refused him a pass to the theater..because..he saw no reason why he should give away a ticket to what he knew was going to be a full house.
1986 Buses July 310/2 Travel Permit holders—such as the elderly—will also put their passes in the validator for checking.
2002 Daily Variety (Nexis) 4 Dec. 45 As a young boy he distributed weekly circulars for the local movie theater door-to-door. His pay was an unlimited free pass to the movies.
g. An explicit or implicit permission, licence, or authorization to engage in something without (legal) conditions or restrictions. Frequently in negative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > unrestricted permission
carte blanche1766
blank cheque1886
pass1919
1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold i. iii. 47 I have no doubt she had a pass from the French Government giving her the completest freedom of action.
1953 M. V. Rosenbloom Peace through Strength v. 195 A fair return for capital was never to be interpreted as a free pass to profiteering.
2001 Akron Beacon Jrnl. (Ohio) (Nexis) 21 Aug. (Metro section) a1 Being an artist is not a free pass to do anything you want.
8. Baseball. More fully free pass. A free advance to first base awarded to a batter who receives (but does not swing at) four pitches outside the strike zone during his turn at the bat; = base on balls n. at base n.1 Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > batting > walk
walk1891
base on balls1898
pass1899
1899 Washington Post 16 July 9/1 Bonner, after working a base on balls, was moved up on Padden's free pass.
1984 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 9 May (Sports news section) Cub's manager Jim Frey conceded walks—the Cubs were issued nine passes by Dodger pitchers—have helped supplement an offense that now ranks first in the league.
2003 Tulare Advance-Register (Tulare, California) (Nexis) 23 Apr. (Sports section) 6 a The last free pass occurred with no outs in the seventh inning.
III. The causing of something to pass; a result of this.
9. Conjuring and Cards. An action which secretly moves or alters something, esp. cards, by sleight of hand; a conjuring or juggling trick. Also in extended use: †a trick, a game (obsolete). to make the pass: to alter the position of the cards in a pack by sleight of hand, bringing the lower cards to the top, or shifting the top or bottom card.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > a trick
colea1307
playa1475
conveyance1534
legerdemain?1544
prank1555
convoyance1578
sleight1596
pass1599
paviea1605
trick1609
sleight of handa1626
hocus-pocus1647
juggle1664
hocus-trickc1680
passe-passe1687
jugglementa1708
thaumaturgics1721
necromantics1745
conjuration1820
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Passa As juego de Passa, iuglers playing passe and repasse.
1603 Philotus xcvii. sig. D3 Scho wants a dow, bot hes a pillie, That will play the ane passe.
1683 R. Dixon Canidia ii. xi. 52 We afford you fair Play, above Board... These play their Passes and Escapes.
1814 Ld. Byron Diary 8 Apr. He will yet play them a pass.
1836 F. Marryat Japhet I. xi. 134 For hours and hours was I employed by his directions in what is called ‘making the pass’ with a pack of cards, as almost all tricks on cards depend upon your dexterity in this manœuvre.
1859 F. C. L. Wraxall tr. J. E. Robert-Houdin Mem. iv. 38 He performed the most difficult ‘passes’ with a coolness no one would expect him to possess.
1961 J. Hugard Encycl. Card Tricks 422 The greatest of present-day magicians use this pass only.
1975 R. Davies World of Wonders (1977) ii. iii. 171 They allowed me to draw a crowd by making some showy passes with cards.
2001 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 18 Jan. (Xtra section) 54 He does a merely passable pass (one of the most difficult of card sleights).
10.
a. Fencing. A lunge or thrust made with a sword or rapier. Formerly also: †a round or bout of fencing (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > [noun]
rounda1500
pass1604
firka1635
sword-cut1817
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > actions
buttc1330
overheadc1400
stopc1450
quarter-strokea1456
rabbeta1500
rakea1500
traverse1547
flourish1552
quarter-blow1555
veny1578
alarm1579
venue1591
cut1593
time1594
caricado1595
fincture1595
imbroccata1595
mandritta1595
punta riversa1595
remove1595
stramazon1595
traversa1595
imbrocado1597
passado1597
counter-time1598
foinery1598
canvasado1601
montant1601
punto1601
stock1602
embrocadoc1604
pass1604
stuck1604
stramazo1606
home thrust1622
longee1625
falsify?1635
false1637
traversion1637
canvassa1641
parade1652
flanconade1664
parry1673
fore-stroke1674
allonge1675
contretemps1684
counter1684
disengaging1684
feint1684
passing1687
under-counter1687
stringere1688
stringering1688
tempo1688
volte1688
overlapping1692
repost1692
volt-coupe1692
volting1692
disarm?1700
stamp1705
passade1706
riposte1707
swoop1711
retreat1734
lunge1748
beat1753
disengage1771
disengagement1771
opposition1771
time thrust1771
timing1771
whip1771
shifting1793
one-two1809
one-two-three1809
salute1809
estramazone1820
remise1823
engage1833
engaging1833
risposta1838
lunging1847
moulinet1861
reprise1861
stop-thrust1861
engagement1881
coupé1889
scrape1889
time attack1889
traverse1892
cut-over1897
tac-au-tac riposte1907
flèche1928
replacement1933
punta dritta1961
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 126 In a dozen passes betweene your selfe and him, hee shall not exceede you three hits.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. i. 211 In these times you stand on distance: your Passes, Stoccado's, and I know not what. View more context for this quotation
1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion i. 4 I put by his pass, clos'd with him, and threw up his Heels.
1752 E. Young Brothers iv. i Thy bloody pass cleave thro' thy brother's breast.
1795 F. Reynolds Rage iv. ii. 68 (stage direct.) Sir George and Gingham make two or three passes, when loud knocking at the door interrupts them.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine vi He drew his..sword and made a pass at Mr. Sicklop.
1960 A. Duggan Family Favourites v. 91 For a few more passes our swords rattled together.
1997 Providence Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 20 Nov. 2 d The undaunted Goffe refused, and the fencer attempted to drive him off the stage with a pass of his sword.
b. figurative. A witty or cutting remark. Chiefly in pass of pate, pass of wit. rare.In quot. 1915 an allusion to Shakespeare's use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > be or become mad [verb (intransitive)]
dwelec900
wedec900
awedeeOE
starea1275
braidc1275
ravea1325
to be out of mindc1325
woodc1374
to lose one's mindc1380
madc1384
forgetc1385
to go out of one's minda1398
to wede (out) of, but wita1400
foolc1400
to go (also fall, run) mada1450
forcene1490
ragec1515
waltc1540
maddle?c1550
to go (also run, set) a-madding (or on madding)1565
pass of wita1616
to have a gad-bee in one's brain1682
madden1704
to go (also be) off at the nail1721
distract1768
craze1818
to get a rat1890
to need (to have) one's head examined (also checked, read)1896
(to have) bats in the belfryc1901
to have straws in one's hair1923
to take the bats1927
to go haywire1929
to go mental1930
to go troppo1941
to come apart1954
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > [noun] > instance of wit, witticism
conceita1522
device1575
by-wit1605
passa1616
witticism1677
point1694
funniness1838
Goldwynism1936
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 242 Steale by line and leuell, is an excellent passe of pate. View more context for this quotation
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. viii. 173 This is a curious pass of wit.
1857 O. B. Bunce Love in '86 i. 8 Cleveland: Really, Mr. Elsworth, your daughter has a sharp tongue. Elsworth: It is her humor, sir. Her passes are but play.
1915 ‘W. N. P. Barbellion’ 24 Mar. in Jrnl. Disappointed Man (1919) 183 My consciousness is a ragbag of things: all quips, quirks, and quillets, all excellent passes of pate.
11. Bullfighting. A movement of the cape made by a matador to encourage the bull into a charge.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > bullfighting or bullfight > [noun] > actions of bullfighter
pass1835
recibir1838
suerte1838
volapié1838
larga1902
recibiendo1902
recorte1909
estocada1910
quite1924
natural1925
piccing1925
cape-work1926
pic1926
Veronica1926
veronique1931
banderilling1932
farol1932
mariposa1932
media vuelta1932
molinete1932
lidia1952
manoletina1952
revolera1952
orteguina1957
rejoneo1961
1835 New-England Mag. 9 259 After many passes, when the matador thinks that he understands his antagonist, he prepares to give him his last blow.
1852 Fraser's Mag. 45 537/1 The matador..finally makes up his mind as to his disposition, by a few passes and foilings with the flag.
1932 E. Hemingway Death in Afternoon vii. 67 The slow passes that he made were called veronicas and the half pass at the end a media-veronica.
1992 Toronto Star (Nexis) 10 May d6 He flopped the cape once at the bull at the finish of a pass, swung it around behind him and walked away from the bull to the barrera.
12. An act of passing the hands over or across a person without touching, in a manner intended to have hypnotic or mesmeric effects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > mesmerism > passing of hands over
pass1847
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > [noun] > passing the hand over
pass1847
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > hypnotic state > [noun] > hypnotizing > manipulation in mesmerism
pass1847
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiii. 193 Alexis, after a few passes from Dr. Elliotson, despises pain, reads with the back of his head.
1851 H. Mayo On Truths Pop. Superstit. (ed. 2) 180 The employment of mesmeric passes..as a local means of tranquillising the nervous sensibility.
1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) ii. xiv. 553 The delusion was kept up by a frequent recourse to ‘passes’, resembling those of the Mesmerists.
1905 B. L. Taylor Log of Water Wagon 106 The amateur hypnotist took the Captain in hand and made a few passes at him, and he took the count in six seconds.
2000 Alternative Therapies in Health & Med. (Nexis) Mar. 12 Taking her hand in his, he began to make mesmeric passes over her with his other hand.
13.
a. Metallurgy. A single passage of a plate or bar between the rolls of a rolling mill.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1635/1 Pass, a single passage of a plate or bar between the rolls.
1939 E. C. Rollason Metall. for Engineers iv. 55 The metal spreads..and forms fins on opposite sides of the bar, which in subsequent passes are lapped over.
1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxii. 439 For the first few passes the draught (i.e. reduction of cross-section) is light.
1984 E. P. DeGarmo et al. Materials & Processes in Manuf. (ed. 6) xiv. 341 The amount of deformation that can be achieved in a single pass between a given pair of rolls depends on the friction conditions along the interface.
b. A passage of something through or over a piece of equipment in order to subject it to a mechanical, chemical, or other process.
ΚΠ
1930 H. S. Bell Amer. Petroleum Refining (ed. 2) xv. 268 The large digester with reasonable yields per pass, permits relatively long runs.
1968 F. Kertesz Lang. Nucl. Sci. (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab. tm-2367) 18 The term, alpha separation indicated a first pass in the separation process on the 48-inch radius machine.
1984 R. Szczepanski in C. A. Heaton Introd. Industr. Chem. v. 167 It is usually difficult to achieve near-equilibrium conversion in a single pass of reactants through a reactor.
2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. v. 110/1 It is usually printed on a four-colour press, which allows all four to be printed..in a single pass of the sheet through the machine.
c. Computing. A passage of data through a computer for processing; a single cycle of reading, processing, and writing; the performance of a particular kind of operation on each of a set of data in turn.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] > processing > passage of data
pass1946
1946 J. W. Mauchly in Moore School Lect. (1985) 284 We have performed a decimal sort by a combination of binary sorts with a total of 4.2 tape passes.
1954 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 151/1 A single pass of the data through the 702 may be enough to carry out..a statistical analysis.
1975 H. Lorin Sorting i. 6 A pass of Linear Selection involves selecting the element with the lowest key on the list to be sorted and placing it on a growing output list.
1995 Macworld Oct. 120/3 The first pass erases the area about to be used, and the second writes new data.
14. Sport.
a. In team games: an act of passing the ball to another player on the same team.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
ball1483
through-pass1673
intercept1821
fielding1823
outfielding1851
wrist stroke1851
goalkeeping1856
shot1868
scrimmage1872
passing1882
save1883
touchback1884
angle shot1885
shooting1885
pass1887
line1891
tackling1893
feeding1897
centre1898
chip shot1899
glovework1906
back-lift1912
push pass1919
aerial1921
screen1921
ball-hawking1925
fast break1929
tackle1930
chip1939
screenshot1940
snapshot1961
hang time1969
one-two1969
blooter1976
passback1976
sidefoot1979
1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 308 Forwards, half-backs, and three-quarters, alike, vie with each other in their efforts to make brilliant ‘passes’.
1899 G. O. Smith in M. Shearman et al. Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) (new ed.) viii. 109 Inside forwards..must, like the outsides, be on the look-out for making a pass to the opposite wing.
1906 N.Y. Times 30 Sept. 5/4 This requires the utmost accuracy in passing and handling the ball, prohibits long passes, and makes the dangers of the play very great.
1944 N. Mailer Calculus at Heaven in E. Seaver Cross-Section 345 Sergeant! Did I ever tellya how I got to throw a pass in the Red Bank game one year?
1994 Sunday Times 6 Mar. (Sport section) ii. 3/3 Ipswich..were powerless to prevent Wright from tucking away a long pass by Adams for Arsenal's fifth.
b. In Real Tennis: a service which drops in the pass court. In Tennis: a shot which goes beyond the reach of an opponent's racket.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > types of play or stroke
chasec1440
loss1591
volley1596
bandy1598
back-racket1608
service1611
force1662
serve1688
serving1688
Renshaw smash1881
pass1888
railroad service1890
kicker1936
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 179/2 A pass counts for nothing but annuls a previous fault.
1900 in A. E. T. Watson Young Sportsman 614 A ‘pass’ shall not neutralise a previous fault.
1962 Times 27 Apr. 4/1 A mixture of lobs and angled passes.
1975 Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 825/1 The remainder of the winning area is the ‘pass court’ and, if the ball falls there, ‘pass’ is called and a let played.
2002 Times (Nexis) 4 July (Sport section) 43 Krajocek whipped a cross-court pass across his stationary opponent to reach 30-0.
15.
a. U.S. slang. A threat of violence; an attempt to hit someone. Chiefly in to make a pass at.
ΚΠ
1900 ‘J. Flynt’ & ‘F. Walton’ Powers that Prey 156 It's time 't you get your graft in elsewhere. I ain't makin' no passes at you nor nothin', but if you sprint, you can catch that seven-thirty this evenin'.
1908 in Washington Post 30 Apr. 8/5 McGann..made a vicious pass at the Giants' manager.
1935 D. Lamson We who are about to Die xi. 187 ‘Why you lyin' so-an'-so,’ he says... An' he makes a pass at me.
1973 Playboy Jan. 240/1 ‘I could kill you, you know.’ ‘I don't know any such fuckin' thing... You ever made a pass at me, well, you better make a good one is all.’
b. colloquial (originally U.S.). An amorous or sexual advance. Also figurative. Chiefly in to make a pass at.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a person) amorously
chase1894
to make a pass at1925
bird-dog1942
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > act of courtship > amorous overture or approach
advance1817
pass1925
1925 D. Parker in World (N.Y.) 16 Aug. 3 e/1 News Item... Men seldom make passes At girls who wear glasses.
1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock i. i. 21 He made no immediate pass at Ida in the taxi.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top vii. 70 A little gentle flirtation, even a discreet sort of pass, would have changed her attitude entirely.
1991 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Apr. 104/3 Ed Turner remembers the gathering of wagons in New York's media circles when Ted Turner..made a pass at CBS.
2001 S. Brett Death on Downs (2002) xii. 87 Once, when they'd been alone.., Charles Hilton had made a pass at her.
16. Ornithology. More fully food-pass. The passing of a prey item by a bird of prey to its mate while in flight.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [noun] > passing food in flight
food-pass1931
1931 D. Nethersole-Thompson in Brit. Birds 25 147 During the early stages of incubation the food ‘pass’ of the Hobbies may be occasionally witnessed.
1956 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles V. 182 Excellent views of the food-pass of the cock to the hen [marsh harrier] were also witnessed.
1970 E. Hosking Eye for Bird xi. 157 It is the speed and precise flight control which makes the hobby's food-pass so exhilarating to watch.
1991 Bird Watching June 8/3 The female..will..leave the nest to receive whatever he has to offer—either in a dramatic aerial food-pass..or at a plucking perch.
IV. Other senses.
†17. The iron ring through which the ball is driven in the game of pall-mall. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > pall-mall > [noun] > equipment
pass1611
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Leve, a Mallet..wherewith the bowle is raysed, and cast through the Passe at Palemaille.
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. at Mall The Ball is struck..so as to run through an iron Arch at the End of a long Alley..This Arch is call'd the Pass.
†18. = pass-hemp n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > hemp > types of
fimble hemp1484
carl hemp?1523
henequen1555
steel hemp1604
Rusband1633
Riga rhine1639
Russia hemp1663
pass-hemp1742
chucking1785
Manila1826
sisal1827
sisal hemp1828
moorva1855
outshot1858
pass1858
carl doddie1868
outshots1880
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 277/1 Pass, a name for the third classification or quality of Russian hemp.
19. Metallurgy. The aperture formed by the grooves in a rolling mill, giving the requisite cross-sectional shape to the metal.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > aperture
pass1875
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1635/1 The pass is so formed as to give the required shape to the metal rolled therethrough.
1930 Engineering 12 Dec. 759/2 The drawing of the strip through the pass of the rolls.
1960 D. J. O. Brandt Manuf. Iron & Steel (ed. 2) xxxiii. 249 The most commonly used passes in bar and rod rolling are the diamond, the diagonal, the oval, and to finish with, the round.
1983 W. L. Roberts Hot Rolling of Steel xvi. 561 The passes should be shaped so as to avoid the side thrusting of the rolls as much as possible.

Compounds

C1.
a. With the sense ‘relating to the passing of an examination’ (cf. sense 4). See also passman n. 1, pass-woman n.
(a)
† pass-examiner n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1858 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 21 29 A pass examiner for naval commissions.
1883 Times 1 June 4 Some pass-examiners..set a continuity of traps..whereby the unwary examinee was brought to grief.
pass mark n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > specific marks
accessit1753
honour1774
credit1802
second class1810
firsta1830
first class1830
third class1844
Hons.1850
max1851
second1852
special mention1886
distinction?1890
A1892
E1892
pass mark1894
two-two1895
alpha1898
alpha plus1898
gamma1898
beta1902
delta1911
alpha minus1914
fourth1914
straight A1926
two-one1937
lower second1960
honourable mention2011
1894 Cornhill Mag. May 608 The pass mark is 126.
1902 Science 11 Apr. 570/1 His interest in the science cannot terminate with the pass-mark of the final college examination.
1991 S. Graham-Brown Educ. in Developing World (BNC) 148 In 1989 there were strikes and demonstrations against the government's new educational measures, which included raising the minimum pass mark.
pass rate n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > pass rate
pass rate1958
1958 Times 25 June 11/7 Improving the pass rate in trade and technician examinations will be a difficult task.
1968 Sunday Times 30 June 15 So many students resit the engineering examination each year that an eventual pass rate of 80 percent..may occur.
1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 23 Nov. 10/1 Comparing A-level entry and pass rates from exam boards for about 90 per cent of students.
(b) spec. With the sense ‘relating to the gaining of a pass degree rather than an honours degree’.
pass class n.
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1953 K. Amis Lucky Jim viii. 82 Of course, their problems down there are very different... The Pass classes in particular.
1999 Times of India (Nexis) 31 May Records showed that he had obtained a pass class in PG (post graduation).
pass coach n.
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1878 Examiner 2 Mar. 267/2 There are two orders of private tutors—‘pass coaches’ and ‘honour coaches’.
1997 M. C. Curthoys in M. G. Brock & M. C. Curthoys Hist. Univ. Oxf. VI. xi. 359 L. R. Farnell left a vivid picture of the ‘galley-slaves’ drilled for the examination by a successful pass coach.
pass Mods n.
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1886 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) June 577 This examination is known at Oxford as ‘Pass Mods’.
1912 Rep. 81st Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1911 219 The opinion has been expressed that Pass Mods. is not a bad thing.
1994 Times (Nexis) 26 Nov. He took only pass Mods (the first part of the classical school), but got a first in Greats (the second part).
† pass-party n. Obsolete
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1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green xii. 115 He had gone to a farewell pass-party.
pass schools n.
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1891 Daily News 8 Dec. 3/2 The pass-schools are once more upon us, and the pass-men in their white ties monopolize the High-street after breakfast and lunch.
1980 Hist. Educ. Q. 20 259 Both in the Pass School which was taken by the majority of students and in the Honors Schools.
1997 D. Dowland 19th-cent. Anglican Theol. Training 189 At the same time [sc. the early 1800s], the pass school was changed from a series of formalities to a more effective test of knowledge.
b. With the sense ‘relating to the issue or use of identity passes’ (cf. sense 7e). Now historical.
(a)
pass inspector n.
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1900 Daily News 23 Feb. 6/4 He also bribed the ‘pass inspectors’, whose business it was to see natives had proper passes.
1995 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 21 30 The apparatus of control—a professional manager, pass inspectors, a nighttime curfew.
pass office n.
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1903 Ilanga 11 Sept. 4 After losing a whole hour, waiting in the Government Pass Office, I found that the official for issuing passes is also Clerk of the Court.
1928 R. R. R. Dhlomo Afr. Tragedy 21 There was no necessity for him to go to the Pass Office and spend half a day there waiting for his pass to be endorsed.
1983 Listener 28 Apr. 16/2 I seemed to intrude on some private dispute between the policeman on duty and the man in the pass office.
pass regulation n.
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1909 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 3 313 If..the curator refuses to issue a pass to such native his Transvaal pass shall forthwith be cancelled in accordance with the Transvaal pass regulations.
1995 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 21 258 By 1881..the administrative machinery that embodied the system of..pass regulations..had already been..put in place.
pass system n.
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1859 Queenstown Free Press (S. Afr.) 2 Mar. Upon more occasions than one I have endeavoured to bring to the notice of the public the evils of the Pass system.
1936 New Statesman 11 July 46/1 I badly wanted to know whether God approved of the colour bar and the Pass system for natives.
1992 UNESCO Courier Feb. 20/2 The old and hated ‘Pass system’, controlling freedom of movement for blacks, has been abolished.
(b)
pass-bearing adj.
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1943 E. H. Brookes Bantu in S. Afr. Life v. 11 The provisions of the Act under which Industrial Councils are formed do not apply to ‘pass-bearing Natives’.
1997 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 23 643 Ordinance 49 of 1828..allowed greater numbers of pass-bearing Xhosa to enter the colonial margins.
C2.
passband n. Electronics a frequency band within which signals or light rays are transmitted by a filter or other device without attenuation.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > band of frequencies
sideband1921
frequency band1922
passband1922
waveband1923
S-band1946
baseband1952
guard band1956
vestigial side band1966
1922 G. A. Campbell in Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. Nov. 15 The pass band and stop band characteristics of wave~filters are concretely illustrated..by the curves of Figs. 8–13.
1965 Wireless World Sept. 459/1 The low-frequency passband of the filter.
1998 Sky & Telescope Mar. 110/1 Promscope, which shows an artificially eclipsed Sun through a 4-angstrom passband filter.
† pass-bank n. Dice Obsolete rare the pool of money in a game of passage.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > other dice games > funds in passage
pass-bank1699
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Pass-bank, the Stock or Fund thereto belonging [i.e. to the game of passage]; also the playing Place Cut out in the Ground almost Cock-pit waies.
† pass-boat n. Obsolete a broad, flat-bottomed boat; a punt.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > types of
sedge-boat1336
shout1395
scout1419
pink1471
punt-boatc1500
palander1524
pram1531
punt1556
bark1598
sword-pink1614
pont1631
schuit1666
pontoon1681
bateau1711
battoe1711
flight1769
scow1780
keel-boat1786
ferry flat1805
ark1809
panga1811
mackinaw boat1812
mudboat1824
pinkie1840
mackinaw1842
sharpie1860
sculling float1874
pass-boat1875
sled1884
scow sloop1885
sharp1891
johnboat1894
ballahoo1902
pram1929
goelette1948
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1635/1 Pass-boat, a broad, flat-bottomed boat. A flat or punt.
pass box n. Military a box used for carrying cartridges from a magazine to a gun.
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1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Pass-box, a box of wood, used to carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the gun when they are too large to be conveyed in the gunner's haversack.
1997 Re: Reenactment Injury in alt.war.civil.usa (Usenet newsgroup) 13 Nov. Carry cartridges..in either a pass box or the artilleryman's haversack.
pass burner n. now historical (in South Africa and Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe)) a person who burns his or her pass as a protest against the pass laws (cf. pass law n.).
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1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli vi. i. 190 Strikers and pass-burners were jailed and shot down in large numbers.
1972 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 5 173 His life in Pretoria as a delivery boy, pass burner, labor organizer, [etc.].
pass burning n. now historical (in South Africa and Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe)) the action of burning a pass or passes as a protest against the pass laws (cf. pass law n.).
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1961 Economist 4 Nov. 415/1 2,072 [Northern Rhodesians] were convicted on charges of stoning, pass-burning, arson, road-blocking, and the like.
1983 S. Fugard Revolutionary Woman (1984) ii. 74 The memory of my meeting with Gandhi..is still clear. That was the night of the pass burning.
pass card n. (a) a card entitling the holder to certain privileges or exemptions concerning rights of access; (b) a swipe card that can be used to open selected doors in a building.
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1853 W. Hazlitt tr. A. de Beauchesne Louis XVII II. xi. 19 The two Princesses were..furnished with the pass-cards carried by the commissaries and all other persons who had access to the Temple.
1963 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 47 165/1 It is wise to obtain a second pass card, since the withdrawal of..one book..requires the deposit of the card and thus leaves the user without access to the main reading room.
1994 National (Ottawa) Mar. 41/1 In large firms, numbered passcards or employee cards with photo ID are critical for tracking after-hours entry and exit.
2003 Providence Jrnl.-Bull, (Rhode Island) (Nexis) 7 Apr. (News section) b-01 Around the State House, an electronic pass card for the new security system is replacing low-digit license plates..as a status symbol.
pass check n. now rare a ticket allowing the holder to leave and re-enter a place of entertainment during a performance.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > freedom from charge > [noun] > practice of admitting free of charge > ticket admitting free of charge
pass1838
pass check1842
comp1871
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > enabling holder to pass in and out
pass ticket1762
pass check1842
pass-out1959
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > ticket > others
box ticket1768
bone1788
pass check1842
1842 Bentley's Misc. Nov. 445 An old pass-check of Covent Garden theatre,..and two or three jujubes melted into one conglomerate.
1858 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock in Welcome Guest 22 May 60/1 There is a theatrical pass-check, and the thumb of a white kid glove, very dirty, lying..at the back [of the hansom].
1961 W. P. Bowman & R. H. Ball Theatre Lang. 250 Pass check, a re-admission pass for a spectator who leaves the theatre temporarily. British: pass-out check.
passcode n. a numeric or alphanumeric string used as a password, esp. for operating equipment.
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1982 Industry Week 6 Sept. 29 The design..enables the building occupant, with the use of special pass codes, to enter the property after-hours.
2000 ‘Dr. K.’ Compl. Hacker's Handbk. ix. 138 Each user will have a VMB, which will have its own unique number, and each box will have a 4-6 digit PIN to act as passcode.
pass court n. Real Tennis the area in front of the court on the hazard side, lying between the main wall, the end wall, the service line, and the pass line.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > court > parts of
hazard1583
nicka1672
penthousea1672
gallery1699
grille1700
dedans1706
tambour1706
gallery-post1878
pass court1878
pass line1878
winning-gallery1878
winning opening1878
wing-neta1884
1878 J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 117 The area enclosed between the lines x and p, and the walls, may be called the service-court; and the area enclosed between x, p, h, and the main wall, the pass-court.
1975 Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 825/1 The remainder of the winning area is the ‘pass court’ and, if the ball falls there, ‘pass’ is called and a let played.
pass coverage n. American Football defensive play against potential receivers; the tactics of such play.
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1932 N.Y. Times 14 Nov. 23/6 Vanderbilt and Tennessee fought to a deadlock at Nashville as desperate line play and alert pass coverage halted every challenge on either side.
1988 L. Wilson Amer. Football vi. 87/1 The surprise element of blitzing linebackers is balanced by a weakening of the pass coverage.
2003 Sporting News 15 Sept. 42/1 His range in pass coverage is good, though not what it once was.
pass defence n. American Football defensive play aimed at preventing a pass being successfully completed by the offence.
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1916 N.Y. Times 19 Nov. 20/1 (heading) Gains by opponents made chiefly against third string—lack forward pass defense.]
1921 N.Y. Times 12 Oct. 13/5 (headline) Dobie drills team in pass defense.
1997 Chicago Tribune 17 Aug. iii. 9/2 The Cowboys..showed good offense, solid special-teams play and slipshod pass defense.
pass deflection n. American Football contact by a defensive player with a thrown ball, without intercepting it, before it can reach its intended receiver.
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1954 N.Y. Times 26 Sept. v. 10/5 State could not find the scoring magic and picked up its only touchdown on a freak pass deflection picked off by a guard.
2002 Sporting News 7 Jan. 19/2 Vrabel always seems to be around the ball, as evidenced by his nine pass deflections.
pass degree n. a university degree awarded without honours, as corresponding to a less specialized course of study.
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society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > types of
first degree1530
honorary degreea1661
poll degree1834
poll1843
honours degree1851
summa cum laude1856
pass degree1865
terminal degree1904
Hons. degree1913
cum laude1927
summa1968
1865 Harper's Mag. May 774/2 The majority of students seek only to attain the standard required for an ordinary, or ‘pass’ degree.
1948 M. Laski Tory Heaven i. 5 After reading for a Pass Degree at Oxford, James had..been sent to..an uncle's rubber-plantation in Malaya.
1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 353/2 at F. J. Jervis-Smith He was educated privately and, from 1868, at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he read classics but was awarded only a pass degree.
pass door n. Theatre a door allowing access between the auditorium and the backstage area.
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > other parts of theatre > [noun] > doors
stage-door1761
pass door1819
stage-entrancea1828
1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. 876/2 The pass-doors in principal floors to have double margins.
1856 C. Dickens Let. 22 Mar. (1995) VIII. 75 The wall dividing the Front from the stage still remained, and the iron pass-doors stood ajar.
1937 N. Coward Present Indicative viii. 313 I dashed through the pass door and on to the stage as quickly as I could.
1982 S. Brett Murder Unprompted (1984) ix. 95 Charles knew it would be unprofessional to use the pass-door from backstage to the auditorium once the house had started to fill.
pass duty n. now rare a duty levied on goods entering or leaving a territory.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > duty on transport of goods > [noun]
land-leave?c1357
portage1588
carriage1610
portage duty1640
caphara1701
transit duty1753
pass duty1862
1862 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 25 15 The net receipts from opium sold in Bengal..and from pass duty in Bombay..total 1,439,038l.
1909 Daily Chron. 20 Feb. 4/4 Opium..is grown in the Native States, the Government levying a heavy pass duty on its entrance to British territory.
pass examination n. (a) an examination for a pass degree; (b) an examination in which the result is a simple pass or fail.
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1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University I. 126 It is only a pass examination.
1890 Spectator 5 Apr. We quite see the use of a pass examination in health for all appointments, because the State does not want to be burdened with invalids.
1931 L. S. S. O'Malley Indian Civil Service 241 A system of pass examinations, such as the Haileybury entrance examination.
1997 R. Brent in M. G. Brock 19th-cent. Oxf. i. 27 His performance in the pass examination was so good that he was awarded an honorary fourth class.
† pass-gilt n. Scottish Obsolete legal tender; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > kind of money > current or legal
lawful1533
going1591
pass-gilt1657
real money1675
legal tender?1730
legal tender1740
1657 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 300 Money not pasguilt. The officers are ordained..to advertise the inhabitants not to receive this newe brought in base couper coyne.
1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 112 His prayers, his other service done to God, his alms-deeds, &c. are not pass-guilt before God, since they came not from a right principle in his heart.
† pass-hemp n. Obsolete the third quality of Russian hemp, below outshot.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > hemp > types of
fimble hemp1484
carl hemp?1523
henequen1555
steel hemp1604
Rusband1633
Riga rhine1639
Russia hemp1663
pass-hemp1742
chucking1785
Manila1826
sisal1827
sisal hemp1828
moorva1855
outshot1858
pass1858
carl doddie1868
outshots1880
1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Sept. xv. 87 There is another Sort from Russia,..called Pass-hemp, which is a very shaggy, coarse, cheap Sort, used altogether for Roping.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 95 Riga Hemp..is distinguished by the Trade by the names of Rhyne, Outshot, Pass, and Codilla Hemp.
1886 W. A. Harris Techn. Dict. Fire Insurance Pass-hemp.
pass-holder n. (a) Australian (now historical) a convict in possession of a pass (sense 7d); (b) gen. a person who holds an entrance pass or permit.
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1844 Colonial Times (Hobart, Austral.) 9 Jan. In order to afford every facility to the hiring of probation pass-holders, two principal hiring depôts will be formed.
1962 D. Pike Australia: Quiet Continent v. 85 When the free immigrants did arrive, they found themselves in competition with probationary pass-holders whose fixed, low pay depressed all wages.
1974 New Society 29 Aug. 551/2 The total weekly number of trips was estimated at..an average of 4.23 per week per pass-holder.
1985 Toronto Life Sept. 40/2 People who aren't passholders can go to the theatre at the last minute.
pass lamp n. now historical an extra lamp on a motor vehicle for improving visibility in fog; a fog lamp.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > other exterior lights
side lamp1780
brake light1853
running light1863
spotlight1875
rear lamp1884
spotlamp1900
sidelight1906
parking lamp1926
parking light1927
reversing lamp1927
stop light1930
pass light1938
pass lamp1948
stop lamp1959
parker1967
1948 Times 14 Jan. 2/5 It has been found that the low-mounted passlamp is especially liable to cause dazzle.
1963 Traffic Engin. & Control Apr. 674/1 When used in preference to the dipped headlamp this third lamp became known as a passlamp, and auxiliary lamps were offered for sale as pass and foglamps.
1996 Times (Nexis) 16 Nov. Auxiliary headlamps or ‘pass lamps’ had been used in the late 1930s by Pierce-Arrow and Packard.
pass law n. now historical (in South Africa and Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe)) each of a number of laws which formerly controlled the rights of black Africans to residence and travel, and which were implemented by means of passes (cf. sense 7e) or pass books (cf. passbook n. 3); usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > types of laws > [noun] > restricting movement of inhabitants
pass law1897
curfew1939
1897 A. Milner Let. 12 Aug. in C. Headlam Milner Papers (1931) I. vi. 194 If they do exempt Cape Boys from the degrading provisions of the Pass Law.
1901 Natives S. Afr. x. 165 Every native on entering a district, being in possession of the pass required by the existing Pass Law, was directed to repair to the district office and get a pass and badge.
1921 Outward Bound May 46/2 Soon after that, all my own boys cleared one night... I would not report them, that was not my way, let the pass-law say what it pleased.
2000 Wine May 90/2 You'll have the wine equivalent of a black South African without identity papers in the days of the infamous pass laws.
pass light n. now historical = pass lamp n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > other exterior lights
side lamp1780
brake light1853
running light1863
spotlight1875
rear lamp1884
spotlamp1900
sidelight1906
parking lamp1926
parking light1927
reversing lamp1927
stop light1930
pass light1938
pass lamp1948
stop lamp1959
parker1967
1938 Times 20 July 12/5 A rubber footrest for the clutch foot in which is the switch to cut out the head-lamps and put on a pass-light.
1965 R. Priestley & T. H. Wisdom Good Driving ii. 21 Many cars are fitted with ‘fog’ or ‘pass’ lights.
2001 Auto Week 17 Dec. 47/1 This Two-Litre is equipped with..a standard Lucas ‘pass light’.
pass-lighting n. now historical the use of pass lamps.
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1938 Times 14 Oct. 11/1 Radio sets, permanent jacking systems, and an arrangement of pass-lighting which conduces to safety are outstanding features in standardization this year.
pass line n. Real Tennis the line between the pass court and the service court.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > court > parts of
hazard1583
nicka1672
penthousea1672
gallery1699
grille1700
dedans1706
tambour1706
gallery-post1878
pass court1878
pass line1878
winning-gallery1878
winning opening1878
wing-neta1884
1878 J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 159 Service court, that part of the floor which is contained between the service-line, the pass-line, the grille-wall, and the gallery-wall and battery.
1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities iv. 32 They stood opposite the Catholics, on the other side of the pass line, near the tennis-court grille.
† pass-note n. Obsolete rare a certificate from an employer stating that the holder has left his or her previous employment and is free to take up a new post.
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1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. 1571/3 Pass-note,..a certificate from an employer that the bearer has regularly left his last employment.
pass-pawn n. Chess = passed-down adj. at passed n. and adj. Compounds 4.
ΚΠ
1908 Daily Chron. 29 Sept. 1/6 Lasker has a pass pawn, but..a draw appears probable.
1996 Jakarta Post (Nexis) 28 Sept. 15 This is the point, Black will get a pass-pawn!
† pass-penny n. Obsolete an obol placed by the ancient Greeks on the tongue of a dead person to pay the fare over the Styx.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by ship > by ferry > across Styx
passing-penny1651
pass-penny1657
1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility iv. 55 Whether the Ægyptians also were wont to put a Passe-penny in the mouth of the dead.
pass percentage n. (a) American Football = passing percentage n. at passing n. Compounds; (b) South Asian the proportion of candidates passing a particular examination, expressed as a percentage.
ΚΠ
1940 N.Y. Times 16 Dec. 30/6 (table) Lowest rival pass percentage.
1961 Asian Surv. 1 v. 6 There will be a marked improvement in this and similar pass percentages.
1982 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Sept. f5 Junior quarterback Sandy Nichols started the last six games and was first in the MEAC in total yards and pass percentage.
2002 Pakistan Newswire (Nexis) 19 Nov. 323 candidates registered themselves for the supplementary examination, 319 appeared, 258 passed while 61 failed, the pass percentage remained 80.88.
passphrase n. a phrase used as a password, esp. for a computer.
ΚΠ
1984 Human-Nets Digest (Electronic text) 7 No. 2 I don't see how even a good impressionist, even if he/she [k]new your passphrase could duplicate it.
2000 Yahoo! Internet Life Mar. 164/1 This free PC utility lets you create a virtual encrypted drive on your system, which can be accessed only with a pass phrase.
pass play n. American Football a play in which the ball is passed between members of the same team; cf. running play n. at running n. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1857
punt-out1861
goal-kicking1871
safety1879
safety touchdown1879
scrimmage1880
rushing1882
safety touch1884
touchback1884
forward pass1890
run1890
blocking1891
signal1891
fake1893
onside kick1895
tandem-play1895
pass play1896
spiral1896
shift1901
end run1902
straight-arm1903
quarterback sneak1904
runback1905
roughing1906
Minnesota shift1910
quarterbacking1910
snap-back1910
pickoff1912
punt return1914
screen forward pass1915
screen pass1920
power play1921
sneak1921
passback1922
snap1922
defence1923
reverse1924
carry1927
lateral1927
stiff-arm1927
zone1927
zone defence1927
submarine charge1928
squib1929
block1931
pass rushing1933
safetying1933
trap play1933
end-around1934
straight-arming1934
trap1935
mousetrap1936
buttonhook1938
blitzing1940
hand-off1940
pitchout1946
slant1947
strike1947
draw play1948
shovel pass1948
bootleg1949
option1950
red dog1950
red-dogging1951
rollout1951
submarine1952
sleeper pass1954
draw1956
bomb1960
swing pass1960
pass rush1962
blitz1963
spearing1964
onsides kick1965
takeaway1967
quarterback sack1968
smash-mouth1968
veer1968
turn-over1969
bump-and-run1970
scramble1971
sack1972
nose tackle1975
nickel1979
pressure1981
1896 N.Y. Times 16 Nov. 3/2 Wesleyan scored the first touch-down in three minutes on long runs around the ends and double pass plays.
1949 Lafayette Alumnus (Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.) 24 Oct. 1/2 By crashing in he ruined innumerable would-be pass plays getting the pitcher for losses averaging 9 yards.
1991 Sports Illustr. May 31/2 There is so much talent in the skill positions that Osborne has introduced a number of new pass plays.
pass protection n. American Football blocking by players on the offensive team aimed at protecting the quarterback as he or she prepares to pass.
ΚΠ
1938 N.Y. Times 22 Sept. 31/3 Coach George Munger herded the squad into the arena, where it drilled on pass protection and pass defense.
1995 Inside Sports July 56/1 Poor pass protection rendered the vertical passing game ineffective.
pass raid n. now historical (in South Africa) a raid carried out by the police to check that black Africans' passes (cf. sense 7e) are in order.
ΚΠ
1958 New Statesman 8 Nov. 619/3 ‘Pass raids’ are so commonplace in Johannesburg that even few liberal whites experience any real shock when they see a group of 10 or 20 Africans under police guard on a street corner.
1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) 55 In our eyes, there was an unmistakeable link between such fascism and the larger workings of apartheid, between short-back-and-sides haircuts and pass raids.
pass-shooting n. U.S. the shooting of wild ducks as they pass to and from feeding and roosting grounds.
ΚΠ
1877 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer 204 Another method is pass shooting; that is, standing..in belts of woods, over which the birds fly when travelling in their afternoon flights to the roosting and feeding grounds.
1980 Outdoor Life (U.S.) Oct. (Northeast ed.) 66/2 The golden hot mornings of high excitement, superb pass-shooting and massive game bags are pretty well a thing of the past.
pass ticket n. a ticket allowing the holder to enter or leave a place.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > enabling holder to pass in and out
pass ticket1762
pass check1842
pass-out1959
1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 229 The friendship of Mr. Rolles, who had procured me a pass ticket, as they call it, enabled me to be present both in the hall and the abbey.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 207/1 Ivory is also the name for a pass-ticket on a railway, or subscriber's admission to a theatre, public gardens, etc.
1870 B. Disraeli Lothair I. xxvii. 235 What surprises me is how you got your pass ticket.
2001 News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, Indiana) (Nexis) 7 Nov. 1 a Second-shift officers, who arrive at 3 p.m. and need a pass-ticket to enter the garage handed them off to the first-shift officers, who used them to get out of the parking garage.
pass transistor n. Electronics (a) an external transistor used to provide additional current capacity for an electronic circuit; (b) a type of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistor used in integrated logic circuits where input signals may be applied not only to the gate but also to the source and/or drain.
ΚΠ
1969 Symp. Engin. Probl. Fusion Res. 1 (title) Precise regulation of a 500 K d.c. generator with 2500 ampere series pass-transistor bank.
1982 Giant Bk. Electronics Projects i. 67 Each pass transistor has a 1-ohm resistor in the emitter.
2003 Electronics News (Australia) (Nexis) Jan. The low-dropout linear regulators use an internal P-channel pass transistor to deliver up to 160 mA continuous current and minimise supply current.
† pass-warrant n. Obsolete = sense 7c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > passing pauper to parish
pass1646
pass-warrant1840
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 401/2 Paupers who have no settlement must be maintained by the parish in which they happen to be, as casual poor, unless they were born in Scotland or Ireland, or in the islands of Man, Jersey, or Guernsey, in which case they are to be taken under a pass-warrant of two justices to their own country.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

passadj.

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish passo.
Etymology: Apparently < Spanish passo (in vino passo raisin wine: see pass n.2).
U.S. regional (southern and south-western). Now historical and rare.
Designating strong alcoholic drinks made in the southern United States and Mexico from grapes or agaves. Chiefly in pass whiskey, pass wine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective]
heady1559
pass1840
1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 6 Sept. 2/4 The wild American youths..were highly excited with pass whiskey, which they had been drinking at some fandango.
1844 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies II. 77 The inhabitants [of the El Paso valley] manufacture [from grapes] a very pleasant wine, somewhat resembling Malaga. A species of aguardiente (brandy) is also distilled from the same fruit... These liquors are known among Americans as ‘Pass wine’ and ‘Pass whiskey’.
1874 E. Eastman Seven & Nine Years among Camanches & Apaches 116 The juice [of the pita plant] distilled, produces the fiery mezcal, familiarly known among the trappers as ‘pass whiskey’.
1968 R. F. Adams W. Words 221/1 Pass whisky, a trader's name for aguardiente distilled from grapes.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

passv.

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/
Forms: Middle English paci, Middle English pasce, Middle English pasi, Middle English passi, Middle English passy, Middle English passye, Middle English paste, Middle English pasye, Middle English peseþ (3rd singular present indicative, transmission error), Middle English–1500s pace, Middle English–1500s pas, Middle English–1600s pase, Middle English–1600s passe, Middle English– pass; Scottish pre-1700 pais, pre-1700 pase, pre-1700 passe, pre-1700 past, pre-1700 pays, pre-1700 1700s– pas (now archaic and regional), pre-1700 1700s– pass. Past tense Middle English paced, Middle English pacede, Middle English pas, Middle English pasade (in a late copy), Middle English pased, Middle English pasede, Middle English pasid, Middle English passede, Middle English passet, Middle English passid, Middle English passide, Middle English passit, Middle English passud, Middle English passyd, Middle English passydh, Middle English passydon (plural), Middle English paste, Middle English pasted, Middle English paston (plural), Middle English þast (transmission error), Middle English– passed, Middle English– past (now nonstandard), 1600s– passd (now poetic); Scottish pre-1700 paicet, pre-1700 paissit, pre-1700 paist, pre-1700 pasd, pre-1700 passet, pre-1700 passit, pre-1700 passith, pre-1700 passyd, pre-1700 passyt, pre-1700 paste, pre-1700 pausit, pre-1700 1700s– passed, pre-1700 1700s– past (now nonstandard). Past participle Middle English ipassed, Middle English ipassede, Middle English ipasset, Middle English ipast, Middle English pace (transmission error), Middle English pacyd, Middle English pasce (transmission error), Middle English pascid, Middle English pased, Middle English passede, Middle English passen, Middle English passet, Middle English passid, Middle English passide, Middle English passit, Middle English passud, Middle English passyd, Middle English pastd, Middle English paste, Middle English ypased, Middle English ypassede, Middle English ypassid, Middle English ypassyd, Middle English ypaste, Middle English–1500s ypassed, Middle English–1500s ypast, Middle English– passed, Middle English– past (now nonstandard), 1600s– passd (now poetic); Scottish pre-1700 passet, pre-1700 passit, pre-1700 passith, pre-1700 passyd, pre-1700 passyt, pre-1700 paste, pre-1700 pastit, pre-1700 1700s– passed, pre-1700 1700s– past (now nonstandard).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French passer.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman passer, paser, pascer, passir, passier and Old French, Middle French passer (French passer ) to get across, to cause or enable to get across, to carry over, (of time) to pass by, elapse (c1050), to go beyond, exceed (c1100), to pierce (c1100), to pass from sight (c1120), to undergo, endure (c1120–40), to disregard (1130), to surpass (1130), to depart life (c1165), to be allowed or tolerated, to be approved or ratified (c1220), to omit (c1245), to sift, filter (c1250), (of a verdict) to be given or pronounced (1293 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to give a verdict (1311 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to escape (a1325 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to sanction, ratify (a1400), to leave, depart (c1400 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to become qualified as (c1450), to come to an end, abate (1530), (in conjuring) to cause to disappear (1549), to judge as satisfactory in an examination (1607) < post-classical Latin passare to go on, extend (1044), to ferry, carry over (1206, 1492 in British sources), to go beyond (1262; c1348 in a British source), to permit (1325), to make a treaty (from 1337), to be valid (1398) < classical Latin passus step, pace, track (see pace n.1). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan passar (c1070), Catalan passar (11th cent.), Spanish pasar (1207), Portuguese passar (a1065), Italian passare (a1250). Compare pace v. (originally the same word, but now differentiated in form).In Middle English occasional ‘double’ past tense forms are found, as pasted , pastd . With to pass for (see sense 43a) compare Middle French, French passer pour (a1300). In English pass has become the most general verb expressing onward motion; passing may consist in going or moving, or in being carried, drawn, driven, or impelled in any way. In many cases the intransitive sense can be expressed by go , especially when construed with, or extended by, prepositions or adverbs specifying direction, etc. Pass can, however, be used in many transferred senses in which go is inapplicable; e.g. to pass from one state or condition to another, or on to a new subject. It differs from move in expressing the effect rather than the action. As in other intransitive verbs of motion (go , come , depart , etc.), the perfect of resultant condition had originally the auxiliary be (he is passed, they were passed): compare quots. c1380 at sense 7a, a1500 at sense 7b, etc. This was sometimes retained even when pass was transitive: compare sense 12. Hence arose the later past prep. Attested early in surnames clearly reflecting the Anglo-Norman word, as Walt. Passavant (1206), Rob. Passelew (1218–19), Steph. Pasemer (1234–5), etc.
I. To excel or surpass.
1.
a. transitive. To exceed in excellence or worthiness; to surpass in some activity, quality, or degree. Now archaic and regional.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > excel in working
passc1225
outwork1599
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)]
overstyeOE
overshinec1175
overgoc1225
passc1225
surmountc1369
forpassc1374
overmatcha1375
overpassa1382
to pass overa1393
overcomec1400
outpass?a1425
exceedc1425
precedec1425
superexcelc1429
transcendc1430
precel?a1439
outcut1447
overgrowc1475
to come over ——a1479
excel1493
overleapa1500
vanquish1533
outweigh1534
prevent1540
better1548
preferc1550
outgo1553
surpassa1555
exsuperate1559
cote1566
overtop1567
outrun1575
outstrip1579
outsail1580
overruna1586
pre-excel1587
outbid1589
outbrave1589
out-cote1589
top1590
outmatch1593
outvie1594
superate1595
surbravec1600
oversile1608
over-height1611
overstride1614
outdoa1616
outlustrea1616
outpeera1616
outstrikea1616
outrival1622
antecede1624
out-top1624
antecell1625
out-pitch1627
over-merit1629
outblazea1634
surmatch1636
overdoa1640
overact1643
outact1644
worst1646
overspana1657
outsoar1674
outdazzle1691
to cut down1713
ding1724
to cut out1738
cap1821
by-pass1848
overtower1850
pretergress1851
outray1876
outreach1879
cut1884
outperform1937
outrate1955
one-up1963
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 646 (MED) Alswa as a charbuche is betere þen a iacinct..al swa passeð meiden onon te mihte of meiðhad widewen & iweddede.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1035 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 136 (MED) For gold ne passez nouȝt so muche In bounte led, i-wis, Al-so dignete of þe preost herre þane þe kingus is.
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 448 Of clooth makyng she hadde swich an haunt, She passed hem of Ypres and of Gaunt.
?a1450 (?c1400) Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb.) (1901) 7 Þis pater noster..passys oþer prayers.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 113v (MED) Þis fisch Cancer or crabbe passiþ in roundnesse alle oþir fischis.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 2 (MED) The doctrine of crist passiþ þe doctrine of all seintes & holy men.
1539 Bible (Great) 2 Sam. i. 26 Thy loue to me was wonderfull, passyng the loue of wemen.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. ii. 83 Ethiopia passeth Affrike and Barbarie in heat.
a1674 T. Traherne Centuries, Poems & Thanksgivings (1958) I. 118 We Pass them in Barbarous Opinions and Monstrous Apprehensions: which we Nick Name Civility.
1704 tr. A. de Ovalle Of Kingdom of Chile in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 25/2 The Milk..has a sweetness..which passes ordinary Milk.
1815 C. Lloyd Myrrha iii. ii. 318 My mind, e'en passing ordinary strength, Was, and is, strong.
1851 J. M. Neale Mediæval Hymns 17 Of rival towns thou passest all.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. iii. 41 Whose loathly talk, forced upon the hearing of a decent old woman opposite him, passed baboonish behaviour.
1968 A. K. Armah Beautyful Ones are not yet Born viii. 124 Money sweet pass all.
b. transitive. To exceed in number, measurement, or amount; to surpass (a person) in wealth or number of possessions. Also (in early use): †to be older than (obsolete). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > be great in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > be greater than in quantity, amount, or degree
surmountc1374
passa1387
exceedc1400
to come over ——a1479
surpassa1555
outstrip1579
top1582
outnumber1598
over-reckona1635
turn1716
overgang1737
overspring1801
rise1838
overvault1851
override1867
better1873
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > exceed or extend beyond
passa1387
surmount1502
surpassa1555
transcend1559
outreacha1568
surreach1606
paragona1616
outsweepa1729
overjump1877
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 109 Pamphilius..hadde..þritty þowsand volyms of bookes in his librarie; Þanne Origenes passede [?a1475 anon. tr. precellede; L. vicit] alle þat were tofore hym.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1238 (MED) Adam had pastd [a1400 Fairf. was alde] nine hundret yere, Nai selcut þof he wex vn-fere.
1468 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 399 As fore the byble þat the master hath, I wend the vttermest pryse had not passyd v mark.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 5954 (MED) From hens it passith not a myle or twayne.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 34 Though they in number passe the starres of heauen.
1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks 183 Let Jove steep the grass Three days together, so he do not pass An ox's hoof in depth.
1668 P. Belon Relation of Country of Jansenia 5 The Men of this Country are commonly very little, and the tallest do not pass our moderate stature.
1855 Brit. Q. Rev. July 157 Our authorship at the present day has attained a bulk that passes all measure.
1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 164 The whole chest should not much pass four feet in height.
1935 G. Greene Eng. made Me ii. 61 I think they will pass a hundred and twenty-five shillings tomorrow, they may even reach a hundred and thirty.
2. transitive. To be beyond the range or compass of (a faculty or expression); to be too great for, transcend.Now chiefly in to pass (all) understanding, with allusion to Philippians 4:7 used as the first part of a blessing in some Churches (cf. quot. c1384).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > transcend or be independent of
passc1384
transcend1898
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)]
abobc1330
confusec1350
confoundc1374
cumbera1375
passc1384
maskerc1400
mopc1425
enose1430
manga1450
overmusec1460
perplex1477
maze1482
enmuse1502
ruffle?a1505
unsteady1532
entangle1540
duddle1548
intricate1548
distraught1579
distract1582
mizzle1583
moider1587
amuse1595
mist1598
bepuzzle1599
gravel1601
plunder1601
puzzle1603
intrigue1612
vexa1613
metagrobolize?a1616
befumea1618
fuddle1617
crucify1621
bumfiddlea1625
implicate1625
giddify1628
wilder1642
buzzlea1644
empuzzle1646
dunce1649
addle1652
meander1652
emberlucock1653
flounder1654
study1654
disorient1655
embarrass?1656
essome1660
embrangle1664
jumble1668
dunt1672
muse1673
clutter1685
emblustricate1693
fluster1720
disorientate1728
obfuscate1729
fickle1736
flustrate1797
unharmonize1797
mystify1806
maffle1811
boggle1835
unballast1836
stomber1841
throw1844
serpentine1850
unbalance1856
tickle1865
fog1872
bumfuzzle1878
wander1897
to put off1909
defeat1914
dither1919
befuddle1926
ungear1931
to screw up1941
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Philipp. iv. 7 The pees of God, that passith [L. exsuperat] al witt, kepe ȝoure hertis and vndirstondingis in Crist Jhesu oure Lord.
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 82 If..y passe þe capacitie of ȝoure vndirstonding..be it to þe preising of god þat his trouþis ben so hiȝe.
a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 130 (MED) Othere causis þer been wol fele queche pasyn mannys wyȝt, for we moun nought knowyn alle Godys domys.
1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. B.3v It passeth all my skill the halfe for to indite.
c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 834 Whouȝ may mannes wijt þoruȝ wek him-selue Knowen Cristes pryuitie, þat all kynde passeþ?
1624 R. Davenport City Night-cap (1661) i. i. 1 Where each word stands so well plac'd, that it passes Inquisitive Detraction, to correct.
1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vi. 364 It passes all comprehension to conceive such a thing.
1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman v. 226 She will not impart that peace ‘which passeth understanding’, when she is merely made the stilts of reputation.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. C p. xi The conscience is.., best described in the words of our liturgy, as the peace of God that passeth all understanding.
1885 Good Words July 454/1 Why boots with elastic sides should be called ‘Congress gaiters’ passes my comprehension.
1954 A. Huxley Doors of Perception 62 This given reality is an infinite which passes all understanding.
1985 R. Silverberg Tom O'Bedlam (1986) i. iii. 33 Just this once he had broken through into something that passed all his understanding.
2002 R. Mokashi-Punekar tr. Chokamela On Threshold in Hindu (Nexis) 2 Mar. A spirit of understanding that passes understanding itself.
3. transitive. To exceed or overstep (bounds, limits, rules, etc.); to deviate or digress from; (figurative) to go beyond (one's province, knowledge, etc.). Also †intransitive: to deviate, stray (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond > beyond a limit or bound
overgangeOE
overstepOE
passc1390
transgressa1620
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > go beyond (bounds)
transcenda1340
exceedc1374
overwenda1375
overpassa1382
passc1390
to pass beyond ——1429
outreacha1568
overlash1581
pretergress1583
outrun1589
overslipa1592
surpass1592
to step over ——1599
outstep?1611
outstrip1612
overrun1612
outpass1635
pose1636
over-burst1856
overact1858
overstride1925
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 1059 (MED) Hose passede [v.r. breke] Godes heste, He scholde be myn and in sunne leste [read lefte].
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 17 Angelis ledith vs þat we passe noȝt out of þe weye.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 102 (MED) Whoso passiþ [v.rr. passet, pasid] þat poynt is apostata in his ordre.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 111 & haldis jt, Neuertheles jn his rycht reule, that is, pas nocht his mesure.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 88 (MED) Thei passed [Fr. trespassoient] the religion of their fadirs.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxiv Let hym loke..that in no wyse he doe passe the boundes of his commission.
1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois i. 2 A poore staid fisher-man, that neuer past His Contries sight.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 602 But who can pass the Bounds prefix'd by Fate?
1757 T. Gray Ode I iii. ii, in Odes 10 He pass'd the flaming bounds of Place and Time.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 192 He marks the bounds which Winter may not pass, And blunts his pointed fury.
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights I. ii. 30 The first who passes the limits, I fix, shall—I'll not say what he shall be done to—but, you'll see!
1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 Aug. 60/1 While no one was counting, Hamper may have already passed his limit, beerwise.
4. transitive. To go beyond (a point or place); to overshoot (a mark); to rise above, surmount. Also: to outrun or outdistance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > be higher than
passc1400
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond
passc1300
exceedc1374
passc1400
overshootc1450
outpassa1513
surpass1588
outstart1593
outrepass1645
overrun1703
ungang1768
outrange1871
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > make high(er) [verb (transitive)] > exceed in height
surmountc1374
overpassa1400
passc1400
overpeer1565
overcrop1567
overlook1567
overtop1578
top1582
superate1599
overtip?a1607
over-heighten?1611
out-topa1672
overtower1812
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. ii. 151 (MED) Soþnesse..prikede forþ on his palfray & passide hem alle.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 8 (MED) Þe mount Caucase þat passez þe clowdes.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 114 (MED) Thair hausyn..passyn not thair kne.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 24 (MED) Of the laddir which apperid to Iacob..some of the raungis passid þe hevenys.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxiv. 140 Mount Athos is so high, that it passeth the skies.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 25 These are all circumstances which pass the mark I proposed, so that here my narrative ends.
1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans II. ix. 157 I doubt not, on a rush, you would pass the whole nation.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems iv. 4 Nor yet a timber o'er the waves alertly flew She might not aim to pass it.
1917 Jane's All World's Aircraft 103b The ‘Sopwith Pup’ on active service has passed the 25,000 feet level with a Naval pilot.
1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 189/1 Only on cars that have passed the 120,000-mile mark..will things be starting to get ragged.
†5.
a. intransitive. To excel, be superior; to have greater authority, be dominant. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (intransitive)]
pass?a1425
precel?a1425
superexcelc1429
surmount1447
excela1535
transcend1635
prepoll1657
outgrabe1855
to go one better1856
?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 567 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 33 Gramer forsothe ys the rote..But art passeth yn hys degre, As the fryte doth the rote of the tre.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 13543 (MED) He thynkes..to sett hym in kyng Dauid se Ouer Iuda with power to pase.
?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 392 Þouȝ þai be lesse in oo chirche, þai passen in an-oþer.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diiiiv So dyd he excede and passe.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 148 Only Demosthenes passeth or excelleth.
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 40 The fairest man..Of all the Greekes saue Peleus sonne, who past for Generall frame.
1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. F3v My fayth compared with thine as much shall passe, As doth the Diamond excell the glasse.
b. intransitive. it passes: it exceeds all ordinary limits; it surpasses everything; it defies description. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (intransitive)] > surpass everything
to bear (also have, carry) the pricea1275
it passes1549
to cap the climax1804
to take the rag off (the bush)1810
to beat cockfighting1821
to beat (or bang) Banagher1830
to beat the band1890
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Kij It passeth, to see what sporte and passetyme the Godds them selues haue, at suche folie of these selie mortall men.
1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. I2v I hearing her,..led her such a dance in the darke as it passes.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 163 There was such laughing, and Hellen so blusht, and Paris so chaft, and all the rest so laught that it past. View more context for this quotation
a1658 J. Cleveland Wks. (1687) 376 You keep such Hurly-burly, that it passes.
1689 T. Shadwell Bury-Fair i. i. 6 We all..were as merry as pass'd.
II. To proceed, move forward, depart; to cause to do this.
6.
a. intransitive. Of a person, or a soul or spirit: to go to one's spiritual destination. Chiefly with to in to pass to God, to pass to heaven.
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 245 We moten þurch rodi scheome þet is isoð schrift & þurch bitter penitence passi to heouene.
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 112 (MED) He seiȝ þe peple þorw peine passen in-to helle.
c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 1092 No fors of deeth, ne whan my spirit pace [v.r. is pace].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 17019 (MED) Hering, sight, smelling, and fele, cheuing er wittes five; All sal be tint er saul pas.
1451 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 243 Ser Herry Inglose is passyd to God this nygth.
1517 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 6 All my good freindes passyd to the mercie of God.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 73 All that liues must die, Passing through nature to eternitie. View more context for this quotation
1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia 46 Suffer, my child, my sweet-fac'd child, anon Thou'lt pass to him, who will adorn thy head With an eternal crown.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 261 She..past To where beyond these voices there is peace.
1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. vi. 252 Through the church on earth he had passed to the church triumphant.
1990 P. Allardice Myths, Gods & Fantasy (BNC) 154 Cornish people..believe souls progress through various stages..before passing to Heaven or Hell.
b. intransitive. To die. Now chiefly North American and in Spiritualism (cf. to pass over 6 at Phrasal verbs 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > bodily movement > move the body or a member [verb (intransitive)] > move as a living being
stira1000
wawc1275
movea1325
pass1340
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 241 (MED) Non ne wot huanne he ssel sterue ne huanne he ssel paci.
c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 494 Myn harm I wol confessen er I pace.
1417–18 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 38 Ȝyf þat I passe Rather þan sche.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 55 (MED) Oon of yow two moste nede passe [Fr. morir] in this bataile.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 308 Vex not his ghost, O let him passe . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. iii. 25 Disturbe him not, let him passe peaceably. View more context for this quotation
a1752 T. Fitzgerald Poems (1781) 62 Cheerful we pass, to Heav'n's high Will resign'd.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lviii. 84 He past; a soul of nobler tone. View more context for this quotation
1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 560 About 6 o'clock [he] was seen to turn on his left side, breathe a deep sigh, and pass.
1930 H. Belloc Wolsey x. 288 The clock struck eight, and immediately thereafter he passed.
1959 A. Lomax Rainbow Sign 160 My first wife didn't live more than a year and six months. Then she passed.
1969 M. Emmons Deep Rivers 42 The night he passed, I was with him by myself.
1993 Times 25 Sept. (Weekend section) 7/1 Spiritualists believe that..a person who has died, or ‘passed’, becomes a ‘spirit’ which can communicate with the living through a medium.
2014 M. Poland Keeper vi. 62 You will be glad to know he was well cared for before he passed.
c. intransitive. With adverb or preposition, as to pass hence, etc. to pass away: see to pass away 1c at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 70 Ȝif þat deþ take þe sodeynly so þat þou passe hennis in dedly synnes.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vii. 18 Bisshopis..Han pardoun wiþ þe apostlis whanne þei passe [v.rr. partyn, wende] hennis.
1482 Monk of Evesham 72 The sowlys that passyn hens out of this world.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. Pref. 349 Lyk to our faytfull pastoris past befoir.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 163 His long trouble now is passing Out of this world. View more context for this quotation
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 153 No handful of earth shall bury me, pass'd to the shadows.
1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 1st Ser. 349 There passed from among us a man who held a high..position in English literature.
1946 ‘E. Crispin’ Moving Toyshop 104 My dear, you look too wasted,..I'm sure you might Pass Beyond at any moment.
1974 B. Emecheta Second Class Citizen vii. 88 He reminded one of a dying old man eager to tell it all to the living world before he passed to the other side.
7.
a. intransitive. To go on, move onward; to make one's way. In later use usually with a preposition or adverb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 2043 (MED) Beues..rod norþ gode spede; Euer a was pasaunt [v.r. rydaunt] Til a com to Mombraunt.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2026 (MED) Þay in-to hure chambre come..Wan þay weren alle yn y-paste..Florippe het schitte þe dore.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 168 He vnderstude nocht, yat he suld pas be see..and thare sa mony..yat may pas land gate.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 4 Ther durst none of that grit companye, pas bakuart nor forduart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. i. 70 Most part of all this Night..I was imploy'd in passing to and fro, About relieuing of the Centinels.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1031 A Bridge..by which the Spirits perverse With easie intercourse pass to and fro. View more context for this quotation
1727 J. Gay Fables I. xv. 51 But where he past, he terror threw.
1780 Mirror No. 94 Nor could I refrain, as I passed along, from dropping a tear over the ruins of our religious houses.
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvii. 295 The narrow passages are roughly hewn in the rock, and on each hand as you pass along, the hollowed shelves are carved out.
a1938 J. Stephens Coll. Poems (1954) iv. 134 But he stared and wagged his head, Growling as he passed along.
1992 S. S. Hall Mapping Next Millennium (1993) iii. 74 Lumbering armadas of research vessels chummed the sea with sound, passing back and forth over the ocean floor.
b. intransitive. With adverbial noun phrase expressing route or distance, as to pass a mile. Now chiefly in to pass that way (also figurative).
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms lxxxviii. 42 Þer wasteden hym alle men passynge [v.r. passende] þe wei.
a1450 (?1409) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Royal) 59 I cam to a restyng place of Seint patrik, in Þe whiche he abode the reuelacion of goddes angellis when he passed þat way.
a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Cambr.) 1731 (MED) When he was paste a myle fro Damaske, He sawe Befyce ryde a softe pase.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N3 For neuer wight he lets to passe that way; Ouer his Bridge,..But he him makes his passage-penny pay. View more context for this quotation
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. I8 After I was passed a few miles from Vercellis, I came into the Dukedome of Milan.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. v. 225 Jones began to enquire if no Ladies had passed that Way in the Morning. View more context for this quotation
1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 239 And all and each that passed that way Did join in the pursuit.
1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) i. 27 She once had past that way.
1884 Times 16 Sept. 12/1 He invites all Alpine clubbists who pass that way.
1934 E. Pound Make it New vii. 405 The great past-master of pastiche has, it might seem, passed this way before me.
1993 Time Out 31 Mar. 147/1 Tonight's main item in Channel 4's ‘Gimme Shelter’ season..will make you pause next time you pass that way.
c. intransitive. Of something inanimate: to move along under a force; to be moved or conveyed onward; to flow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things
travelc1300
passa1387
gad1582
toll18..
translate1876
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > under any force
passa1387
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 291 (MED) Þe brook..passeþ by þe toun.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 140 (MED) He dide him forþ to flod þat Phison is called..From perlese Paradis passeþ þe stronde.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. vii. 80 If the water do..passe aboue the gyrdlesteed, they haue a hundred Aspres.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ix. 334 This riuer taking his originall from mount Atlas..passeth southward.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 146 A bridge..with three Arches, vnder which the boates passe.
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 185 That the Pole may..pass from one Puppet to the other, as the Work may require.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. ii. 34 The river was gay with boats passing to that city.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iii. v. 148 No accounts having been kept of the quantity or value of the articles passing between the two countries.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 23 While the rheophore is thus placed and the current still passing, the patient should be made to exercise these muscles.
1989 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 9) I. iv. 208 Current passes round these turns so as to magnetize them.
d. intransitive. To proceed or go on in narration, consideration, or action; esp. to turn (from one matter) to another in this way. Cf. to pass on at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)]
wadec1374
passc1387
proceeda1393
followa1400
to pass ona1400
to get forward1523
pace1597
step1599
to get on1655
to get along1768
to tide one's way1827
to come along1844
press1870
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 36 Er that I ferther in this tale pace, [etc.].
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1355 Hit were al to longe to rede The names, and therfore I pace.
1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Fii The whiche pillor of .60. foote in height shalbe deuided into .9. partes, where of the Epistilium occupieth..one such part, and so passing forward as necessitie shall requyre in order as is before mencioned.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. viii. 42 I will not passe further without first making a..description of the yle.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 309 One being finished, we immediately passe to another.
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 155 I pass to the Explanation of the following Table.
1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. iv. 428 From these hypotheses,..we may pass to another.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 30 Suppose we pass to some of the less ignoble Miseries of the country.
1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 5 I will pass to Bacon, the great remodeller of science.
1899 F. Harrison Tennyson i. 10 So far we have been considering the lyrical form of the In Memoriam... We pass to its substance.
1934 A. H. R. Goldie Abercromby's Weather (rev. ed.) i. 10 We pass to the consideration of..anemographs.
1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman ix. 131 Lady Grampound soon passed to topics of more interest to her.
e. intransitive. Of a line, string, path, etc.: to extend or continue, to form a continuous line. With preposition or adverb of direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)]
goeOE
wendOE
runOE
stretchc1400
strike1456
extend1481
point?1518
address1523
passc1550
tend1574
trend1598
conduce1624
direct1665
verge1726
shape1769
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 38 Ȝe sal ymagyn ane lyne that passis throucht the spere.
1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 220 Each two Centers..shall have an imaginary Axis pass between them.
1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §31. 439 A Diameter of the Ellipse..passing thro' the given points B and A.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §254 Two strong..ropes, one passing from the head of the shears..to the rocks.
1813 J. C. Hobhouse Journey 485 The path passes round a bay, where there is a solitary cottage.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 297 Branch bundles passing down through the cortex.
1947 Textile Res. Jrnl. Jan. 27/1 The thread then passes to a tensiometer.
1993 H. Petroski Evol. Useful Things 172 There were jugs..with an inside tube passing from the handle down to the bottom.
8.
a. intransitive. To go away, leave, depart; esp. to go away from (†of) a place, thing, or person. Of a thing: to be taken away or removed (from) (archaic).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > become displaced [verb (intransitive)] > be removed or taken away
to go off?c1425
pass1611
subduct1669
c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 130 Charls..bisouȝt ihu..For to wite..Ȝif þe relikes verray were, Er he þennes pase.
c1330 King of Tars (Auch.) 49 in Englische Studien (1889) 11 34 (MED) Y schal wite ar þan ȝe pas.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 4001 (MED) If þu will, þai sal pasce And cum nohut in his hand percas.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 239 Shortly of this thyng to pace, she made Eneas so in grace Of Dido, [etc.].
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 94 (MED) Won fot woll I not fro hym pase Thow he be stronger than Samson wase.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1896 Pas fro my presens on payne of þi lyffe.
1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 729 We passed from the Sea side, towardes the toppes of those hils next adioyning.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xxvi. 39 If it be possible, let this cup passe from me. View more context for this quotation
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 54 Passing from hence through the Sala Regia againe, I was led into the great roome hard by.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cx. 174 The sand Swam round and round, and all his senses pass'd.
1881 T. Hughes Rugby, Tennessee 58 They remained peacefully among corn-cobs till the danger had passed.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xx. 574 The ripe spermatozoa pass from the testes by delicate efferent vessels.
1984 I. Doig Eng. Creek (1985) ii. 127 Alec simply passed from sight.
b. intransitive. To go or travel to, into, (†unto) a place or destination; to go (from one place) to or into another.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards [verb (intransitive)]
comeeOE
tocomeOE
approachc1374
passa1375
accede1465
comprochea1500
coasta1513
aggress?1570
succeed1596
propinquate1623
proximate1623
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 399 (MED) So passed he to þe paleys.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 1034 (MED) I mydde þat lond a welle spryngeþ þat renneþ out of foure stremes Passynge [a1400 Vesp. farand] into dyuerse remes.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 2240 (MED) Till Araby sone gan he pas.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 720 The way therto ys so overt..That every soun mot to hyt pace.
a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 115 (MED) Erkenwolde..passyd in-to his palais, and pes he comaundit.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. B Democles..elected two of his chiefe Lordes to passe vnto Delphos.
1645 J. Winthrop Declar. Former Passages 6 He..told Benedict Aarnold's wife..that the English messengers should not passe to the Mohiggins.
1727 J. Arbuthnot Tables Anc. Coins 255 The Argonauts..sail'd up the Danube, and from thence passed into the Adriatick.
1782 Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) 15 The marrow passes into the articular cavities.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice III. x. iv. 173 Amidst blank and welcomeless faces, Maltravers passed into his study.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 19 She rose..And past into the little garth beyond.
1921 E. Ferber Girls ix. 172 The swinging door whiffed and whoofed with the energy of her exit as she passed into the kitchen.
1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover ii. v. 247 They passed into another drawingroom.
†c. intransitive. to pass one's way: to depart, go away. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]
to come awayeOE
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
awayOE
dealc1000
goOE
awendOE
rimeOE
to go one's wayOE
flitc1175
depart?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
to turn awaya1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
recede1450
roomc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
avaunt1549
trudge1562
vade?1570
discoast1571
leave1593
wag1594
to go off1600
troop1600
hence1614
to set on one's foota1616
to pull up one's stumps1647
quit1811
to clear out1816
slope1830
to walk one's chalks1835
shove1844
to roll out1850
to pull out1855
to light out1859
to take a run-out powder1909
to push off (also along)1923
c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3573 Breke an hole..vpon the gable..That we may frely passen forth oure wey.
c1480 (a1400) St. George 346 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 186 [He] lape one horse & passit his way.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 184 In pess lete thame pass thar vay.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1388 (MED) Whan he toke his way to passe, Mo than ffyfty with hym was That fals to hym were.
1588 T. Hughes Misfortunes of Arthur in Certaine Deuises & Shewes iv. i. 32 They violently tooke her Childe and flung it against the walles; Sh[e] in mournefull sort wringing her hands passed her way.
†d. intransitive. figurative. to pass from (also †of, †fro): to depart or diverge from a course, practice, principle, etc.; (literal) to abandon, forsake. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise
runOE
withdraw1340
waivec1386
to pass from (also of, fro)c1449
recoil1481
to go back1530
recant1585
resile1641
shirk1778
renegea1849
slink1853
welsh1870
to throw over1891
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 176 (MED) He spekith of a variaunce..in mannis wil, bi which a man leueth and forsakith and passith withinforth fro that that he hath take upon him to kepe as lawe of God.
1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) sig. Ciij As a henne yt passeth fro her egges & suffre them to be colde.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8685 Sum walt into wodenes, & of wit past.
1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. f. 43v Thair is na caus quhairfore ve sould pas from the inflexibil vord of God.
1679 in J. Wilson Reg. Synod of Dunblane (1877) 146 Whether he was resolved to pass from that paper as it was given in by him.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. x. 285 Intreating him..to pass from the other taxes.
9.
a. transitive. To cause or enable (a person or thing) to go or proceed somewhere; to carry, convey, or send, esp. to convey across a river or land; to transport. Usually with preposition or adverb of direction.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
ferryOE
weighOE
bearOE
take?a1160
weve13..
carry1348
passa1350
tow1391
geta1393
convey1393
winc1400
transport1483
set1487
convoy1500
traduce1535
port1566
repair1612
vehiculate1628
transmute1683
transplant1769
gallant1806
transit1859
inveigh1878
waltz1884
sashay1928
conduct-
a1350 (?c1225) King Horn (Harl.) (1901) 759 (MED) A god ship he him herde, þat him shulde passe out of westnesse.
1473–4 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 66 To Dauid Quhite..quhen he past the Kingis chargis to Bruges to the Bischop of Sanctandros.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) clvi. 597 Me thynke ye be none of the fayrey, wherfore I am not contente that I haue passed you ouer.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxiv. 140 The way whereby Xerxes passed his army.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 30 The most of them were barkes to passe horse and munition.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 126 I sent to the Havaldar, to know when he would Pass us up the Gaot.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 143 Every vagrant Person may..be..pass'd back to their last legal Settlement.
1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 254 A canal..sufficient to pass boats of 25 tons burthen into said lake.
1834 Picture of Liverpool 46 The vast numbers of poor..either obtain a settlement or add to the burthen by requiring to be passed to their own country.
1885 F. Alexander Roadside Songs Tuscany ix. 305 One night he was very tired, having passed many People over the river that day.
1972 G. M. Brown Greenvoe (1976) i. 13 Ivan Westray passed from boat to pier Inga's trunk and cases and coat.
1994 Science 17 Dec. 23/2 The probe then passes an electric current through the tissue heating the tumour to 80°C.
†b. transitive (reflexive). To proceed or depart. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]
wendeOE
meteOE
drawc1175
flitc1175
do?c1225
kenc1275
teemc1275
movec1300
graitha1325
dightc1330
redec1330
windc1330
yieldc1330
dressa1375
raikc1400
winc1400
pass?a1425
get1492
tirec1540
flitch?1567
frame1576
betake1639
rely1641
society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > travelling [verb (reflexive)] > pass, proceed, depart, cross
pass?a1425
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) I. l. 2827 Scho past her furth into Cornevale, Soccur to seke yf ought myght vale.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 362 So the king proponit And for to pas hyme one the morne disponit.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xiv. 215 Some God misinspir'd..past him for the Pylian Shore, to finde His long-lost Father.
†c. transitive. With double object: to send or convey (a thing) over or across (a place). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1512 W. Knight Let. 4 Oct. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 199 Which can shew yow..with what besynes thei [sc. the Spaniards] haue passyd thaire Artiliarie the grete mountaynys.
III. To go by or move past; to cause to move past.
10.
a. transitive. To go by, past, or beyond; to leave behind or on one side as one goes.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > cross or pass over
overstyeOE
overleapeOE
overfareOE
overgoc1225
passc1300
overpassa1382
to pass through ——a1382
overlendc1450
overmetec1480
overspana1522
cross1583
transpass1626
overwenda1649
overmarcha1805
peregrinate1835
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move past
passc1300
apassc1330
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond
passc1300
exceedc1374
passc1400
overshootc1450
outpassa1513
surpass1588
outstart1593
outrepass1645
overrun1703
ungang1768
outrange1871
c1300 St. Christopher (Laud) 50 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 272 (MED) Þo heo þe croiz i-passede hadden, a-ȝein to þe weie he cam.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 11 Whan schipmen passiþ þe next clif of þat lond, þei seeþ a citee.
1461 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 519 Men that come from London sey there have not passid Thetford not passyng cccc.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 564 The perlouse pointtes..passe you behoues.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. ii. 31 b [We] followed on along the coast..to passe the cape Malee.
?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses vi. 92 Thus (passing him) she to the Virgins went.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 211 Time, as he passes us, has a dove's wing, Unsoil'd, and swift, and of a silken sound.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Sir Galahad vii, in Poems (new ed.) II. 178 So pass I hostel, hall, and grange.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiii. 531 The jingling of the bells on the horses of a horse-car passing the door.
1943 L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 17 By spangled weirs we pass the gas-works.
1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups iii. 33 A car passed them in second gear, throwing up dust and stones in their faces.
b. intransitive. Of a person or animal: to go by or past.to pass and repass: see repass v.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by
passc1330
to go byc1449
hove1535
forpass1590
hit1911
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass in continuous stream
passc1330
flowa1382
fleet1596
stream1735
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by > passing
passc1330
to come byc1450
by-coming1600
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > move past
apassc1330
passc1330
to pass by ——c1395
to go byc1449
to come byc1450
to go (also flow, run, etc.) past1542
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 849 A wende pasi in griþ & pes, þe stiward cride; ‘Leiþ on & sles.’
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 1332 (MED) The kinges dowhter..hield hire clos under the bowh And let hem passen stille ynowh.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 50 Ther passed a theef byfore alexandre.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 5 The hagbutaris, past neir to the camp of ther enemeis.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xvi. 10 Againe Iesse made seuen of his sonnes to passe before Samuel. View more context for this quotation
1665 Sir C. Lyttleton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 47 Welcomed by..the nobility and gentlemen of the contrys..as wee passed.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4445/3 The Right of the Foot.., pass'd yesterday in Review before his Grace.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. v. 187 The carols of new-waked birds saluted her as she passed.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Voyage vi And hills and scarlet-mingled woods Glow'd for a moment as we past.
1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion iii. ii. 105 At a distance I Have seen thee pass.
1936 F. Clune Roaming round Darling ix. 76 A modern flapper, wearing slacks and a beret, riding a man's bicycle, passed.
2000 M. Kneale Eng. Passengers (2001) ix. 212 ‘No we've not,’ I told him, throwing him a sneery sort of look as we passed.
c. transitive. To avoid. Formerly also intransitive: †to escape (obsolete). Now Scottish and Irish English (rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade
fleec1175
shunc1275
forgoc1305
passc1330
escapea1340
beglidea1350
voidc1380
shuntc1400
missa1522
evade1535
delude1536
to dally out1548
illude1553
prevent1598
outruna1616
to fail of1624
elude1634
subterfugea1643
shoot1685
shift1724
to get out of ——a1817
win by…1816
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > pass by
overpassa1382
balk1481
forpass1590
overslip1600
outstrip1632
depass1886
pass1894
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 4417 (MED) To Iesu he made his praiere..Þat he moste pase wiþ is lif.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 4603 (MED) Gude menn of renoune, To passe þat persecucioune, his body þeyn þai bare.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 547 And I wyst hit were thou that thus traytourely haste hurte thys noble knyght, thou shuldist never passe my hondys!
1515 Will of Arthur Vernon in G. Griffiths Hist. Tong (1894) 55 The day of deth..which nothing lyving may passe.
1894 R. Reid Poems 88 (E.D.D.) The herds wad gang five mile aboot Tae pass this lanely brae.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 208/1 He went six miles out of his way to pass the wood.
d. intransitive. Of something inanimate: to be moved or impelled past; to flow past. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > move past > specifically of things
passc1400
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2188 (MED) Alisaunder he smoot vnder þe arme; Þe launce passed [v.r. paced] wiþouten harme.
c1475 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Caius) 10633 (MED) Thre dartis he shote full tyte; The two passyd, the thyrd gan byte.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xii. 14 At the beginning of the valley passe two smal riuers.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 38 My Lord, stand backe and let the coffin passe . View more context for this quotation
1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 2 All the Planets did unclouded pass.
a1689 A. Behn Dream in Wks. (1992) I. 71 The Grove was gloomy all around, Murm'ring the Streams did pass.
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. vi Gay castles in the clouds that pass.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nature ii. 21 The air collapses the moment after the electric matter has passed.
1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 63 The pageant of a kingdom vast, And things unutterable, past Before the Prophet's eye.
1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 149 He saw it [sc. a bear] cross a long corridor of down timber where a tornado had passed.
1990 Canoe Dec. 23 (advt.) The kayaker had to be able to roll his craft and right it when the waves had passed.
e. transitive. Of a vehicle or its driver: to drive past (a vehicle travelling in the same direction), overtake.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > overtake
overtake1936
pass1943
1943 M. Millar Wall of Eyes xvii. 216 He let other cars pass him and didn't pass anything himself except a popcorn man pushing his cart.
1968 H. McCloy Mr. Splitfoot (1969) xvii. 195 Another car passed him and slipped in between his car and Folly's.
1990 K. S. Robinson Pacific Edge (1992) 113 They zipped down the gentle slope of the coastal basin pumping so hard that they passed the cars in the slow lane.
11.
a. intransitive. Of a thing in time: to go by, run its course; to come to an end, cease to exist; to abate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)] > arrive and pass
scritheOE
passa1325
to come and goa1400
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 465 Ffor heuene and eorþe passi shulleþ and as ffor-olded beo, Ak þe wordes þat ich speke ne shulleþ neuere passy ffram me.
c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3578 Be murye, for the flood wol passe anon.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. 416 (MED) Vigilies and fastyng-dayes alle þise late I passe And ligge abedde in lenten.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 27631 (MED) If þou be faire, þou think alswa Þat all þir pointes sone passes þou fra.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. cijv/1 Thou oughtest to dylate thy vengeaunce tyll the furour be passed.
?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xx. 169 The worlde passeth with all his plesaunt delites.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb So passeth, in the passing of a day, Of mortall life the leafe, the bud, the flowre.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 7 Beauty's a Charm, but soon the Charm will pass.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. iii. 44 She went off as peacefully as a child, for all the violence of her disorder was passed.
1841 G. P. R. James Brigand i Thus passed the earlier part of the day's journey.
1882 Ld. Tennyson To Virgil vii Kings and realms that pass to rise no more.
1924 Black Mask Nov. 48/2 My wooziness had passed.
1993 N.Y. Times 8 Jan. a25/6 Nationalism will pass, too—together with the imbecilic remnants and ideas of a worn-out century.
b. intransitive. Of a period of time or an interval: to go by, to elapse; to come to an end.For slightly earlier use in the perfect tense, expressing resultant condition, see past adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5189 Miday passed & none cam.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job i. 5 Whan þe daiys of þe feste hadden passid aboute, Job sente to þem.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 485 (MED) Yt xall be otherwyse..or þis nyght passe.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 84 The first day passed without any thing doyng.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 98 More Ages..Than have from Tithon past to Cæsar's Days. View more context for this quotation
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 39 If the Husbandman lets his Seedtime pass without sowing, the whole Year is lost to him.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. v. 104 Several days passed with Emily in total seclusion.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. x. 180 The first few days..appear to pass very slowly.
1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. iv. 148 As we advance in age so do the years pass more rapidly.
1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth iv. 173 A fortnight passed in which no letter came from Roland at all.
2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land v. 56 Another half-hour passed without development.
c. transitive. To spend or use up (a period of time) engaged in a particular activity, or while in a particular place; to occupy (time) while it passes.Frequently with transferred epithet indicating the manner or state of mind in which a person spends a period of time, as to pass a restless night (i.e. to pass a night restlessly), etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 191 (MED) Al þet his moder hedde y-gadered uor to pasi þet yer, he hit yaf þe poure.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2175 (MED) Thus passen thei that wofull nyht.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 3979 Many an Aprill and many a May We han passed, not ashamed.
a1525 G. Myll Spectakle of Luf in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 272 I tuk a lytill buk in Latyn to pas mye tyme.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 2 Oh I haue past a miserable night, So full of vgly sights, of gastly dreames.
1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. i. i. 35 A very pleasant way of passing one's time.
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 153 A Friend..invites me to pass the Evening at his House.
1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France II. lvi. 63 He generally passes the summer in the country.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iii. xxiv. 181 Those whose lives are passed in humble everyday work.
1861 Court Circular 13 Dec. Windsor Castle, Dec. 13... His Royal Highness the Prince Consort passed a restless night.
1916 E. H. Porter Just David ix. 119 In time he came to know not a little about..the strange ways in which they passed their time.
2000 Canad. Geographic Jan. 60/1 I passed the time watching a pair of red foxes.
†d. transitive. To cause to abate; to dispel. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > an immaterial thing
driveOE
exilea1393
to ding outc1400
banish1460
expela1500
pass1565
divorce1594
abstrude1628
to put by1634
abigate1657
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Acquiescere in re aliqua,..to take delight and pleasure in: to passe his sorow and phantasies.
12.
a. transitive. To get beyond (a stage or condition of life, development, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > continuance or tenacity of life > continue in life [verb (transitive)] > survive age or stage in life
passc1350
overgoa1400
surmounta1530
out-pitch1627
turn1716
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > recovery from misfortune, error, etc. > [verb (transitive)]
overcomea1225
recoverc1330
overputa1382
overpassa1387
passa1500
digest1577
to put over1593
outwear1598
overseta1600
to make a saving game of it1600
repassa1631
to get over ——1662
overgeta1729
overcast1788
overa1800
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 74 Nou ounderstand for ham Þat gooþ a pylgrymage: On [spouse] wenddeþ, þoþer abyde schel Wet oþer passeþ age By kende.
c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 98 (MED) It drewe nye the ende of the terme whiche he had sett that Iulius shulde not passe.
a1500 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Adv.) (1843) 1492 (MED) Thou art passyd thy peynis all.
?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Fvi Whan he passyd chylde And come to mannys estate.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Cor. vii. 36 If she passe the floure of her age. View more context for this quotation
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 468 On purpose that they might whilst young, passe that fatal dissease.
1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xxviii. 258 Though his sensations of loss and defeat had passed the acute stage, his mind was far from healthy.
1965 N. Frye in C. F. Klinck Lit. Hist. Canada 837 The Canadian imagination has passed the stage of exploration and has embarked on that of settlement.
2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. iii. 144 Once a vertebrate has passed the early embryo stage, only the gametes retain totipotency.
†b. transitive. To go beyond, live beyond, or exceed (a particular time or length of time). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > limit in time > exceed limit
passa1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 253v Þe lattere it [sc. a vine] is y-cutte, þe more plente it bereþ of fruyte, so þat þe kuttynge passe nought dewe tyme.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 392 Loo, Demophon..traysed Phillis wikkidly..And falsly gan hys terme pace.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1236 Yf ye passe this unhappy day, y[e] shall be ryght well revenged.
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme ii. sig. D3v I neuer passe my Month you know.
13. intransitive. Of an event: to take place; to occur, happen.In quot. 1541 with indirect object; thus to pass me = to happen to me.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)]
becomec888
i-tidec888
falleOE
ywortheOE
i-limp975
belimpOE
i-timeOE
worthOE
tidea1131
goa1200
arearc1275
syec1275
betide1297
fere1297
risea1350
to come aboutc1350
overcomea1382
passa1393
comea1400
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1400
eschew?a1400
chevec1400
shapec1400
hold1462
to come (also go) to pass1481
proceed?1518
occura1522
bechance1527
overpass1530
sorta1535
succeed1537
adventurec1540
to fall toc1540
success1545
to fall forth1569
fadge1573
beword?1577
to fall in1578
happen1580
event1590
arrive1600
offer1601
grow1614
fudge1615
incur1626
evene1654
obvene1654
to take place1770
transpire1775
to go on1873
to show up1879
materialize1885
break1914
cook1932
to go down1946
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > proceed or carry on an action [verb (intransitive)] > be carried on or proceed
wharvec888
passa1393
proceed?a1439
stir1526
progress1600
to go on1735
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 5954 (MED) Hir will was..forto duelle in prive place..For schame..Of thing that was tofore passed.
c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 143 Sum thyngis..pase with-owte ony gret heuynes or gret hurt.
1541 T. Wyatt Declar. in K. Muir Life & Lett. (1963) 178 That I shulde wryte and declare suche thynges as have passed me whylste I was in th' emperor's curte.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7 If he did know Of straunge aduentures, which abroad did pas.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 173 Heav'n is for thee too high To know what passes there. View more context for this quotation
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. xxv. 145 I am attentive to all that passes.
1779 Earl of Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. I. 257 What had passed already caused a great sensation in foreign Courts.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 726 Intelligence of what was passing was conveyed to the Lord President.
1964 A. S. Byatt Shadow of Sun xii. 263 They both hoped that a solution, or at least a wiping out of what had passed, could be achieved.
1995 I. Banks Whit xvi. 261 I suppose you could label what passed there as meditation, but that might be to dignify it over much.
14.
a. intransitive. to let (something) pass: to allow (something) to occur, be done, or be said without comment or challenge; to raise no objection to (something). Chiefly in to let it pass.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 60v Þere I lete þis matere passe wiþ scilens.
1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 355v/2 Of your gentilnesse I you require my boistousnesse Ye let passe, as thing rude.
1650 A. Cowley Guardian iii. vi. sig. C4 Captain, I thought thou hadst been at Erebus by this time: but 'tis no matter; 'tis but an Epitaph lost: hang't, 'twas made ex tempore, and so let it pass.
1701 J. Howe Some Consideration Pref. Enq. 32 'Tis not to be let pass, that you, or your Author, industriously represent the Primitive English Puritans..as if they were generally of your stingy, narrow Spirit.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. Introd. 12 He let it pass..preferring to point his whip at some object which could raise no questions.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iv. viii. 325 ‘Yes sir,’ he said. ‘I did use the word... I said I was sorry, but I soon shan't be.’ ‘Come, let it pass then,’ said Frodo.
1993 Fort Collins (Colorado) Triangle Rev. 6 May 25/1 Knowing Pundit as I do, I knew he was just pulling my strings so I let it pass.
b. intransitive. With a past participle (usually negative), as to pass unheeded, unpunished, etc.: to go by, occur, or be tolerated in the state or condition indicated by the past participle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore [verb (intransitive)] > escape attention
to go by1508
pass1607
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 406 (MED) Þe synne of man is so displesaunt to me..þat I may in no wise suffre it passe vnponeschid.
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 114 (MED) It is not to lete passe vndeclarid þat þere ben ij maners of loue.
a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 227 (MED) God seyth þat hoso take his name in veyn, he schal nouȝt pasyn vnpunchid.
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme ii. sig. Cv Do I passe altogether vnnoted thinke you?
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. v. v. sig. Ll1 There being nothing more easie,..than for Multitudes to pass uncited before Man's Tribunal, to receive their Condemnation at God's.
1717 D. Defoe Mem. Church of Scotl. (1844) 6 There can no Mistake pass unobserved.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 317 Nor unnoted pass The sycamore, capricious in attire.
1809 Ld. Byron Eng. Bards & Sc. Reviewers 255 Shall gentle Coleridge pass unnoticed here?
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxvi. 260 I'll lay my sword they let us pass unchallenged.
1987 E. E. Smith Miss Melville Returns (1988) viii. 66 His death had passed unremarked by the press.
2001 Observer 19 Aug. (Life Suppl.) 3/3 The government is petrified that Liz's 50 years of service will pass uncelebrated.
15.
a. transitive. To move, draw, push, or guide in some particular direction. With preposition of direction, as to pass one's hand over, to pass a rope round, etc. to pass one's eye over: to glance rapidly or cursorily over. to pass a wet sponge over (figurative, now rare): to obliterate the memory of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > pass (something flexible) along, over, or through
leadc1050
pass1663
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 47 In the attesting of Bills..not to pass his eyes slightly over them.
1695 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scotl. (1876) II. 254 [The Lords] ordaine the master of his majesties mint to pass under his majesteis irons the said..fourtie shilling peices.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 434 I..had only time to pass my Eye over the Medals, which are in great Number.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (1780) Spring is..a rope passed out of one extremity of a ship and attached to a cable proceeding from the other.
1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 10 O'er his chilly limbs his woollen coat He pass'd.
1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead II. ii. ii. 114 He had passed the wet sponge over the slate containing any records of his early life.
1887 W. F. Barry New Antigone III. xxxiv. 213 Ivor..was convinced that the fever had passed a sponge not only over Hippolyta's name, but over the scenes wherein she had appeared.
1951 S. H. Bell December Bride i. v. 31 She passed her hand across her bruised forehead.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) xii. 519/2 Mouse, a small weight used to pass a line through a narrow vertical space.
b. transitive. Surgery. To insert (a catheter, ligature, or surgical instrument) into or through.
ΚΠ
1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. iii. v. 231 I prepared a Ligature, and with a Probe-needle passed it up into the Gut.
1720 J. Douglas Lithotomia Douglassiana 14 That [operation]..when a furrow'd Probe is pass'd into the Bladder, upon which they afterwards Cut.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 437 If..the nurse cannot pass the catheter into the orifice at once.
1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 13188/1 A balloon injury was..created by passing an inflated..catheter through the common carotid artery zone.
16. to pass in review: (a) transitive (Military) to cause (troops) to march by for inspection; (gen.) to scrutinize, look over; (b) intransitive to give an opportunity for inspection or scrutiny.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > observe, note [verb (transitive)]
markc1175
note?c1225
heedc1275
apperceivec1300
spyc1380
notec1390
notac1392
registera1393
considerc1400
notifya1425
animadvert?a1475
mind1490
adnote1558
observe1560
quote1560
remark1581
to take note1600
apprehenda1634
to take cognizance of1635
animadverse1642
notice1660
to pass in review1697
smoke1716
cognize1821
spot1848
looky1900
society > armed hostility > military organization > ceremonial > perform ceremony [verb (transitive)] > review
view?1520
to pass in review1697
1697 R. Blackmore King Arthur ix. 251 On high they muster, and with martial Grace In long Review before their General pass.
1743 H. Bland Abstr. Mil. Discipline v. 61 (heading) Containing some short Directions on passing in Review.
1824 Philos. Mag. 64 113 I shall..pass in review..the principal new facts..respecting igneous meteors.
1852 G. Grote Hist. Greece IX. ii. lxix. 24 Here..Cyrus, halting three days, passed the army in review.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 162 Passing lightly in review What seemed hits and what seemed misses in a certain fence-play.
1931 Brit. Printer 43 229/1 The author passes in review all the different types.
1990 E. Harth Dawn of Millennium (1991) 5 We can expect an unprecedented amount of merriment, soul-searching, and prognostication when the three terminal zeroes pass in review.
IV. To get through, across, or over; to cause to do this.
17.
a. transitive. To go from side to side of or across, to cross (a sea, river, barrier, or boundary). Also: to go through or traverse (a forest, street, etc.).to pass the pikes: see pike n.4 Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > traverse a distance or ground
runeOE
overcomeOE
meteOE
through-gangOE
passc1300
to pass over ——c1300
overpassc1325
tracec1381
travela1393
traverse?a1400
travelc1400
measure?a1425
walkc1450
go1483
journey1531
peragrate1542
trade1548
overspin1553
overtrace1573
tract1579
progress1587
invade1590
waste1590
wear1596
march1606
void1608
recovera1625
expatiate1627
lustrate1721
do1795
slip1817
cover1818
clear1823
track1823
itinerate1830
betravel1852
to roll off1867
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)]
thoroughfareeOE
overrunOE
through-goOE
through-gangOE
passc1300
traverse?a1400
go1483
transcur1528
sweep1600
oversweep1612
supermeate1656
percur1835
overmeasure1896
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > across
overgoeOE
to come overeOE
to go over ——OE
overcome?c1225
passc1300
overpassa1382
cross1583
traject1624
cut1634
c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 345 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 472 (MED) Huy scholden passi þe grickische se.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3523 (MED) God me graunty grace þe brigge of Mantrible saf to pace.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 568 (MED) Thei of Almeyne the Alpies dide passe Vnto Rauenne.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dviii The first people..so entred & passed the reed see.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 19 They..are..pointed at commonly as they passe the streetes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iii. 24 The waies are dangerous to passe . View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 23 They..measure their way in these countreys, by the time they spend in passing it.
1743 T. Jones in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 405 15,000 men..had passed the bridge at Aschaffenburg.
1776 W. Heath Let. 10 Dec. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) 150 They will pass the river this day.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cv. 171 He could, perhaps, have pass'd the Hellespont, As once..Leander, Mr. Ekenhead, and I did.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 221 At Cambridge the river and the marshy ground beyond had to be passed.
1956 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 239 404 Melanomatous tumour cells of maternal origin appear to have passed the placental barrier.
1987 C. Brooke Europe in Central Middle Ages (ed. 2) 165 He makes a secret compact to betray the rearguard of Charlemagne's army as it passes the Pyrenees.
†b. intransitive. To make the passage of a river, channel, or sea; to cross. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)]
to come overeOE
passc1300
to pass byc1390
overwend?a1400
to go over1415
to pass througha1425
overdrawa1450
to make over1488
to get overa1500
transita1500
transire1592
to make through1606
transpass1626
to get through1694
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > across
passc1300
transfrete1548
transfleeta1600
transwaft1624
to make the riffle1887
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1148 He wende to Eystrie..That was neȝ the see ynouȝ he abod wel there; Lokede forto passi whan best tyme were.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 715 (MED) At vche warþe oþer water þer þe wyȝe passed, He fonde a foo hym byfore.
1588 B. C. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 135 From Dunkerke is lately come to Lisbone a smale shipp..having passed in vij daies.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 102 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors A hundred small vessels..which came from Cananor and the coasts of Malabar, and had pass'd, notwithstanding the blockhouse of Dutch vessels.
†18. transitive. figurative. To go or come through (something) in the course of a period of study or treatment; to undergo, suffer, endure (an experience, crisis, etc.). Later usually to pass through: see to pass through —— 2b at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > undergo or experience
feelOE
seeOE
passa1325
provec1330
attastec1374
wielda1375
tastec1380
sufferc1390
to pass through ——c1400
expert?a1475
traverse1477
experiment1484
savour1509
to taste of1526
to go through ——1535
sustain1575
approve1578
try1578
experience1588
undergo1600
to run through ——1602
pree1806
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > pass through (danger or adversity)
passa1325
to wear out1617
weathera1631
to come through ——1655
survive1717
to live out1719
overa1800
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
cuneOE
supOE
yfeeleOE
afondOE
canOE
seeOE
knowc1175
provea1200
feelc1225
passa1325
fraistc1330
wielda1375
wita1450
experiment1484
approve1578
experiencea1586
resent1595
fand-
a1325 Pilate (Corpus Cambr.) 212 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 705 (MED) Þou schelt passi þoru iugement vor þou toke on so.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxxiii. 4 (MED) Our soule passed trauail; perchaunce our soule had passed peine þat maie nouȝt be suffred.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 89 If he bygynne to haue feuer, passe he it [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. passe he; L. transeat] wiþ a ptisan.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxxiii. 1 The voice of thaim that ere passid the perils of this warld, or in certayn hope to pass thaim.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xv. 39 b Hauing past many troubles and daungers upon the sea.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 130 The story of my life, From yeare to yeare; the battailes, seiges, fortunes That I haue past . View more context for this quotation
1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox v. 249 Withdrawing himself secretly out of that Province (where he had passed so many perills).
1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 191 After having past the previous ceremonies.
1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems 196 And countless beings Pass countless moods.
19.
a. intransitive. To get through by a narrow passage or in the face of obstruction or difficulty; to have, obtain, or force a way through. Also figurative: †to endure, to live through a testing experience.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles
passc1330
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 3663 (MED) Merlin..bad he no schuld lete passe Noiþer þe more no þe lasse Þat miȝt bere ani tiding To þe barouns of her king.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 707 (MED) He on rode þat blody dyed..Gyue þe to passe when þou arte tryed By innocens and not by ryȝte.
1509 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 9 Preamble The Kynges Subgiectes shal nott..passe on horsebacke..nor on fote by that way.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 286 Mutius My Lord you passe not here. Titus What villaine boy, barst me my way in Rome? View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 480 And they who to be sure of Paradise Dying put on the weeds of Dominic, Or in Franciscan think to pass disguis'd. View more context for this quotation
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) [At] Billiards, when the Ball goes through the Court or Porch, it is said to pass.
1749 Apol. Life Bampfylde-Moore Carew 19 In the hinder Part of it is an Overture big enough for a small Hand to pass.
1819 St. Louis Enquirer 8 Dec. In consequence of the shoals of white-fish which occupied and choaked the channel..the steamboat could not pass.
1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia iii. 80 At the gates he set A triple guard, and bade no man should pass By day or night.
1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast xx. 355 They will not pass. Your Maréchal will hold them.
1992 N.Y. Times 21 Mar. 52/2 Low-emissivity glass..is specially coated with metal oxides to contain indoor heat..and yet allow visible light to pass.
b. intransitive. To go through a passage or duct of the body; spec. to be discharged from the body as or with excreta. Cf. sense 50a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (intransitive)]
pass?c1425
void1558
purge1596
expurgate1621
excrete1832
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 41 (MED) From oon [ventricle] to anoþer beþ wayes by þe whiche spirites passen.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 44v It is holowe & haþ two holis, oon þat þe pisse passiþ by, and it is þe ouer, and anoþir þat þe sperme passiþ by, and it is þe lowere.
1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments i. 8 Such [substances], whose Tenacity exceeds the Powers of Digestion will neither pass nor be converted into Aliment.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 480 When a bougie can readily pass, there is no necessity for using any other method.
1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. v. 153 If large quantities [of fat] are given, much passes by the bowels.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 233 The patient was progressing satisfactorily, save that..the button had not passed.
1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs i. 14 A series of small food boluses passes down the gut.
1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) x. iv. 414/1 (in figure) Mature eggs enclosing miracidia pass with faeces and urine into water.
†20. intransitive. To succeed, to be successful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)]
speedc1175
fayc1300
provec1300
flourishc1400
passc1425
prosper1434
succeedc1450
to take placea1464
to come well to (our) pass1481
shift?1533
hitc1540
walka1556
fadge1573
thrive1587
work1599
to come (good) speedc1600
to go off1608
sort1613
go1699
answer1721
to get along1768
to turn up trumps1785
to come off1854
pan1865
scour1871
arrive1889
to work out1899
to ring the bell1900
to go over1907
click1916
happen1949
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 6371 (MED) If Ector lyue, we are alle y-schent; Schal non of vs aȝeyn him pas.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) ccviii. 304 They ansuerd that it shold be hard to be had, not with~stondyng they muste essaye, ffor they myght passe in none other maner.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8295 Than Troiell..Wold haue led the lord o-lyue to þe towne; But the stoure was so stithe & stedis so thicke, Thai pullid hym with pyne, but passid þai noght.
1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. C4 Howe they meane than to proceede (if they passe) shall bee a Mumchaunce for mee.
†21. transitive. To carry out and bring to an end; to accomplish (a matter or business); to transact; to complete (a voyage). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > following up, through, or prosecution > follow up, through, or out [verb (transitive)]
suec1325
pursuea1393
follow1425
pass1473
prosecute?a1475
ensue1509
convey1530
persecute1546
to follow on?1557
transact1636
to follow up1659
to follow up on1927
1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 66/1 All other things were thoroughly passed and concluded betwixt his Highnes and theym.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. G2 If you but meditate of what is past, And what you plot to passe.
1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. ix. sig. H4v I told his sonne, brought, hid him here, Where he might heare his father passe the deed. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iv. 56 Then at my lodging,..there this night Weele passe the businesse priuately and well. View more context for this quotation
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 403 The contract being past, it was some satisfaction..to be certain that his preparations were now going on.
22. to pass the lips (also mouth):
a. transitive. To come out of the mouth, to be spoken.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > be spoken or flow (of words)
move1508
to pass the lips (also mouth)1526
come1582
roll1599
distil1610
to come out1653
mouth1762
utter1792
on-flow1863
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. MMiiii Kepe it in the, that it passe nat thy mouthe.
1633 E. Ford Famovs Hist. Montelyon xxi. 109 It shall neuer passe my lips, whilest life doth last, for I so much abhorre the fact, that I hate to speake of it.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. xxi. 128 Many things are reported of him which..he has forgot as soon as the words have passed his lips.
1755 H. Walpole Lett. to H. Mann 15 June I will describe him to you, if I can, but don't let it pass your lips.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 20 Mother, let not aught Of..evil, pass again My lips.
1863 A. Trollope Rachel Ray II. xii. 242 No threat against the absent brewer passed her mouth.
1906 B. Carman Pipes of Pan V. 56 To think such moody and unmanly words Could ever pass the mouth thy mouth has pressed.
1994 Fellowship Catholic Scholars Newslet. Dec. 48/1 Bush, realizing the ‘G’ word had passed his lips, hastened to reassure his listeners..that his god, at least, was apolitical.
b. transitive. To be put into the mouth, to be eaten or drunk. Chiefly in negative contexts.
ΚΠ
1728 J. Thomson Agamemnon I. i. 1 Nor has Food pass'd Your loathing Lips.
1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard II. xiii. 23 Nothing stronger than water has passed my lips for years.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 30 Oct. 3/2 Not a morsel or drop ever passes the Sultan's lips, they say, until he has tried it first on a tester.
1958 J. Kesson White Bird Passes iv. 48 Not another drop passed my lips.
2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 1 Sept. 52/1 Cooked food has not passed Klein's lips in five years.
†23. transitive. To sift through a sieve or filter. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through > cause to pass through
pass1530
to pass through ——1530
to get through1813
thread1851
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 654/2 Je sasse... I left hym passynge of synnamon.
1639 I. W. tr. P. Guybert Charitable Apothecarie i. i, in tr. P. Guybert Charitable Physitian 66 Two..searses or sieves to passe bitter things.
†24. transitive. Of a weapon: to pierce, penetrate. Of a person: to pierce with a weapon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)]
biteOE
pass1588
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 331 Their weapons are strong bowes and arrowes..wherwith they will pierce and passe a shirt of mayle or plate coate.
1630 J. Smith True Trav. 12 At the sound of the charge, he passed the Turke throw the sight of his Beaver, face, head, and all.
1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 567 From strong Patroclus' Hand the Javelin fled, And pass'd the Groin of valiant Thrasymed.
†25. transitive. Of a book or printed work: to go through (the printing press, or successive editions). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > [verb (transitive)] > go through press
pass1623
1623 E. Misselden Circle of Commerce i. iv. 14 Its pitty such stuffe as this should passe the Presse.
1630 J. Taylor Errata in All Wks. sig. A4v And since my faults are heere in prison fast, And on record (in print) are like to last, Since the Correcters let them passe the Presse.
1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 104 Which hath already so far passed the Press.
1787 R. E. Raspe Trav. Baron Munchausen (ed. 5) Pref. p. viii The sudden estimation which this work is grown into (having passed four editions within a few months).
†26. intransitive. Of goods: to be admitted through customs. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles > through a customs barrier
pass1637
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing §6 sig. C2 Nor shall any Searcher, Wayter, or other Officer belonging to the Custome-house,..suffer the same to passe.
1787 A. Young Jrnl. 7 Nov. in Trav. France (1792) i. 74 Wool passes from Dunkirk without entry, duty, or any thing being required.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 115 The officers of the customs allowed the superstitious garments and trinkets to pass.
V. Law. Used with reference or allusion to process of law.
27.
a. intransitive. Of a jury, inquest, etc.: to sit in judgement or make a decision on or upon; to decide or adjudicate between parties; to give a verdict with (i.e. for) or against. Now rare.
ΚΠ
a1325 Pilate (Corpus Cambr.) 206 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 705 (MED) Ak hii were vp him so vaste þat me ne miȝte mid no lawe Whanne þe queste passede bote he were ibrouȝt of dawe.
a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) 243 (MED) He chesed a quest on him to pas.
1437 Rolls of Parl. IV. 509/2 If the seid Thomas Stamford perceyve that eny enquest woll not passe with his entent, he woll be nonsued.
1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 239/2 By the Jurre that passed betwene the said Duke and the said Thomas, it was founde that the same Thomas was gylty.
1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 457 He vndrestod þat ye had large langage to þe jurye þat passyd ageyn Saundre.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 21 Such persones as passen and ben impanelled upon issues joined between partie and partie in the Courtes of the same Citie.
1599 Warning for Faire Women ii. 1209 Master Shiriff, ye shal not need to returne any Iury to passe upon him, for he hath pleaded guilty.
1689 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 7 Feb. 75 83 Jurors which passe upon men in tryalls for high treason, ought to be freeholders.
1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 203 These Men which you shall hear called..are to pass between our Sovereign Lord the King and you, upon Trial of your Life and Death.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Nov. 2/1 Judge Stephen has decided that a jury could not be trusted to pass upon the question of Endacott's good faith.
1901 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 248 Sheriffs' juries should never be asked to do more than pass upon the estates of the alleged lunatics.
2003 Disclosure (Nexis) 18 It is the responsibility of the jury to weigh the evidence and to pass upon the credibility of witnesses.
b. intransitive. To serve or sit on, upon (also †in) a jury, assize, or trial. In later use only in oaths sworn by jurors in Scotland (see quot. 1929). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > jury > serve on jury [verb (intransitive)]
pass1425
1425 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 545 Of worthy personis of thaim that passyt on the sayd assyse.
1511 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 349/1 A lettre..exemand him of all..passing apoun assis or inquestis.
1597 in R. S. Ferguson & W. Nanson Munic. Rec. Carlisle (1887) 277 Yf thes [slander] may goe unpunished, it is not for noe honest man..to pass upon any jury.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 157 Of them quha spares the ritch men, and summons the pure men to passe vpon the assise.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Panel, a Schedule or Page..containing the names of such Jurors, as the Sheriff returns, to pass upon any Trial.
a1712 G. Martine Reliquiæ Divi Andreae (1797) vii. 125 His Lordship shall grant..ane exemption from all service to the stewart, passing upon the stewart's assises, keeping his wards, [etc.].
1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 40 With a List of the Assizers Names and Designations, that are to pass upon his Assize.
1835 T. E. Tomlins Law Dict. (ed. 4) II. at Magna assisa eligenda To pass upon the great assize, between A.B. plaintiff, and C.D. defendant.
1929 Encycl. Laws Scotl. VIII. 545 In criminal cases it [sc. the jurors' oath] is in these terms:—Do you fifteen swear by Almighty God..you will the truth say and no truth conceal so far as you shall pass in this assize.
c. intransitive. Of a court, a judge, or the law: to adjudicate upon or on a person or case. Also gen.: to express an opinion, make a decision.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > make (a) law(s [verb (intransitive)] > be passed into law
pass1454
to pass the seals1710
to get through ——1718
1454 in 7th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1879) App. 720 in Parl. Papers (C. 2340) XL. 1 Vnder..the seillis of thaime that passis vpon the said knavlage.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 775 Twelve knyghtes passed uppon h[e]m, and they founde sir Palomydes gylty.
1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde Prol. C ij Yf euery thynge in this wourdle shold be wayed and passyd vpon after this sorte.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. Q2 The lawes must further passe vpon him.
1641 D. Cawdrey Three Serm. 12 A Commission of Oyer and Terminer, which passes upon life and death.
1681 Late Famous Tryal Mr. Hickeringill 14 The wicked World..cannot pass upon it..’till they have first defiled it with Lies and Slanders.
1832 J. L. Wendell N.Y. Rep. 8 554 It is..unnecessary to pass upon that question.
a1863 C. P. Daly in Court Comm. Pleas, N.Y. in Herald & Genealog. (1863) 1 345 It does not fall within the sphere of my judicial duty to pass upon that question.
1896 Law Times 100 491/1 The conception of a judge to pass on questions of law, and a jury to pass on questions of fact.
1917 G. Ade Let. 29 July (1973) 68 If you want me to pass upon the sub-titles, I shall be glad to do so.
1971 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 23 Nov. 4/2 It was proper to allow the jury to pass on both counts together.
1983 B. A. K. Rider Insider Trading vi. 318 A minority shareholder should be entitled to proceed with his action until in fact the shareholders do pass upon the matter.
28.
a. intransitive. Of a verdict, sentence, or judgment: to be given or pronounced. Of justice: to be executed. †Of a case or suit: to be determined or decided (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)] > be decided or pronounced
passc1390
c1390 (?c1350) Virgin of Antioch 415 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 32 (MED) I am sent hider to beo slayn; Þe sentence, mayden, asoyleþ þe Whon þat hit passeþ on me.
1453 Rolls of Parl. V. 267/2 If in eny of thoo actions the mater pleded passe or be demed for the Pleintif therin, [etc.].
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 3787 (MED) He was in certen þat the Iugement Shuld pas with his mastir.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xvii. ii O, let my sentence passe from thine own face.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 94 After verdict judgement passed according to the letter of the Law.
1681 Arraignm.,Tryal & Condemnation S. Colledge 10 The common Judgment of Pressing to Death must not pass upon him.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. II. 82 A similar sentence passed against some of his adherents.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 199 Before his arrival, unlimited condemnation had passed on the whole of his proceedings.
1891 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 25 Apr. 78/2 The verdict and judgment passed for the plaintiff.
1980 D. M. Walker Oxf. Compan. Law 1020/1 The person liable may in certain cases, by paying or performing in terms of his obligation at any time before decree declaring the irritancy to have been incurred passes against him, purge the irritancy.
†b. intransitive. Of an accused person: to undergo trial and sentence; to be sentenced. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (intransitive)] > be sentenced
passc1515
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxii. 254 To dyssymell the matter vayleth not, syn that Huon must passe by iugement; howe saye you, shall he be hangyd or drawen?
29. transitive. To utter or pronounce (a sentence, etc.) on or upon a defendant in a court of law. Also gen.: to pronounce (a judgment) on a person or thing.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > give verdict or sentence
givea1300
findc1400
passa1616
to bring in1684
record1824
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 83 Firme, and irreuocable is my doombe, Which I haue past vpon her. View more context for this quotation
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. ix. 469 I shall not..attempt to pass so liberal a judgment upon a person I am, for so many respects, oblig'd to honour.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite i, in Fables 11 If our Doom be past in Bonds to lie.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. vi. 40 And to say the Truth, Blifil had passed Sentence against Sophia. View more context for this quotation
1824 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 369 Pass judgement on a batch which my friend has received into his Binn.., with some tolerable Port as an Alternative.
1894 H. Caine Manxman vi. viii The Deemster in the half-lit court was passing sentence.
1935 Ann. Reg. 1934 i. 191 This tribunal..passed excessively severe sentences on opponents of the Government.
1989 Sound Choice Autumn 33/1 The guy..gets off on the pseudo-power of passing judgement on all the musicians he wishes he was.
VI. To omit, decline.
30.
a. transitive. To go by without paying attention to; to leave unnoticed; to neglect, disregard, omit. Cf. to pass by 1b at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > omit, pass over
forgetc950
overhipc1300
overgoa1382
overpassa1382
passa1382
to step over ——1387
to pass overc1390
overslipa1400
overskipc1400
overslide1488
overstartc1500
neglect1511
skip1531
to pass by1560
intermit1570
leap1600
overjump1604
jump1749
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Esdras iv. 5 & þe woord of þe king þei passen not [L. non praetereunt].
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 448 (MED) Wedding wiþ þes newe bilawis, passinge þe wedding wiþ goddis lawe, makiþ þes newe rotun sectis & puttiþ bi-hynde þe sect of crist.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 258 If you fondly passe our proffer'd offer. View more context for this quotation
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §29 I wonder how the curiosity of wiser heads could pass that great and indisputable Miracle, the cessation of Oracles. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 407 Having dind at Sienna where we could not passe admiring at the Greate Church.
1937 H. G. Wells Star Begotten v. 80 Do try this savoury. Don't pass it.
†b. transitive. To leave unmentioned or unexplained. Cf. to pass over at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > omit, pass over > in speaking, writing
passa1425
missa1450
ferry1477
pretermit1542
silence1570
slip1607
reticence1833
to miss out1855
to skate over or round1928
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 1576 I passe al that which chargeth nought to seye.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 113 (MED) He sayde al soth to ȝow, & he passyd noght a lettre þerof.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxxiii. 156 Other goodly ordinances, which I passe with silence.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) i. 472 To passe the papist & the Lutheran, Their trans & consubstantiation.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 Nor must we pass untold what Arms they wield. View more context for this quotation
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1871) vii. 293 As the negotiation did not succeed, I may pass the details.
1890 Times 6 Dec. 12/4 We may pass the cleaning-rod and the downhill position; they are not of much consequence.
†c. transitive. To allow to go unchecked; to overlook, excuse, ignore. Also formerly: †to pass over, pardon. Scottish in later use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > allow to pass unnoticed
to look through ——OE
to let (something) overpassa1375
overpassa1382
unseea1395
forgoa1400
balkc1440
dissimulea1450
pass?c1475
dissemblea1500
dissimulatea1533
to wink at1535
nod1607
connive1641
beholdc1650
to wink against1653
to shut one's eyes to (also against, on)a1711
blink1742
?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f.144v (MED) Þou, lord, þat dost away oure wykkudnesse and passust oure synnes.
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads iii. 42 An old man will consent to pass; things past, and what succeedes He lookes into.
1725 in H. Paton Penninghame Parish Rec. (1933) II. 27 The Session having considered the affair found no reason to pass that to him more than to others guilty of the like sin.
1768 Woman of Honor II. 212 Pass me this digression.
1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross I. 247 I tell you, I will not, cannot pass that boy's bravado.
1894 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin: Swatches o' Hodden-Grey xxx Pass him, did ye say? If it sid cost me a' I'm worth in this warl' I'll never rest till I hae the villain punisht.
†d. transitive. Navy. to pass one's flag: to decline promotion to flag rank (the rank of admiral). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval service > serve in the Navy [verb (intransitive)] > decline promotion
to pass one's flag1805
1805 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 41 When you passed your Flag, I wrote my regret that the Service was to lose your abilities at Sea.
e. transitive. Finance (originally U.S.). To omit payment of (a dividend).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > omit payment of dividend
pass1870
society > trade and finance > payment > non-payment > not pay [verb (transitive)] > withhold payment
pass1870
1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 137 To ‘pass’ a dividend... A dividend is said to be passed when the directors vote against declaring it.
1890 Financial News 7 July A few days ago the National Bank..passed its interim dividend.
1903 Forum (N.Y.) Oct. 209 Concerns which not only passed dividends..but went bankrupt.
1981 Times 18 July 21/1 Stoddard Holdings..passed the final dividend for the 10 months to March.
1992 Investors Chron. 23 Oct. 50/2 Brooks has passed the interim dividends.
31.
a. intransitive. Cards. To decline to play a card, make a bid or bet, etc., in the course of a game.Early examples refer to primero and related games.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics
pass1599
pluck1606
pulla1625
to play high1640
to follow suit1643
to play at forsat1674
lead1677
overdrawc1805
stand1813
retract1823
underplay1850
to hold up1879
to throw in one's hand1893
build1901
build-down1983
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > pass
pass1599
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics
echo1885
peter1887
declare1895
false-card1902
finesse1902
to go over1902
to go down1905
switch1906
pass1908
exit1930
break1952
shoot1957
1599 J. Minsheu Pleasant Dialogues Spanish & Eng. iii. 26 in R. Percyvall & J. Minsheu Spanish Gram. I am come to passe againe.
1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 320 As in a luckless Gamester's Place, She would not play, yet must not pass.
1814 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved (new ed.) 188 If all pass the cards must be thrown up, and dealt by the person to the left of the former dealer.
1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 246 When the first player says Pass, every one is obliged to discard, notwithstanding any one may have an ace or a six in hand.
1843 J. Cowell Thirty Years Passed among Players 94 He paused a moment in disappointed astonishment, and sighed ‘I pass’ and threw his cards upon the table.
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 229/1 If the eldest hand passes, the next player to the left has a similar option of standing or passing, and so on all round.
1908 R. F. Foster Auction Bridge 29 The player on his left must either pass, or make a better declaration, or ‘double’.
1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 163 North, not being obliged to keep the bidding open, might pass.
1991 Choice Jan. 98/2 Godfrey might have a fairly good hand, but he passes because he and Joan already have 60 points towards their game.
b. intransitive. gen. To decline or forgo an opportunity or offer; to decline to answer a question.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (intransitive)] > not take or take up
to do without ——1645
pass1902
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)] > decline to take up an opportunity
pass1902
1902 R. H. Barbour Behind Line xvi. 170 ‘But he played last year,’ said Paul. ‘Why didn't they protest him then?’ ‘I'll pass again,’ answered Foster.
1976 L. Sanders Hamlet Warning (1977) xxv. 216 ‘If you want to run up and take a look..’ ‘I'll pass. If you've seen one cannonball, you've seen them all.’
2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 71 Shrimp? All right, if it looks fresh, smells fresh, and the restaurant is busy... But shrimp toast? I'll pass.
VII. To transfer, to be transferred.
32. intransitive. To go or be transported from one place or set of circumstances to (unto) or into another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > change place or position
flitc1175
passa1387
changec1390
skifta1400
shift1530
transmigrate1611
reshift1629
transfer1646
to turn over1851
reposition1947
translocate1975
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 287 Þe empere passede from þe Grees to þe Frenschemen and to þe Germans.
c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 193 Þis bisshopriche..he helde longe, unto þe nynþe ȝere of William Conquerour, when he passid [?a1475 anon. tr. wente; L. migravit] fro Shirburne unto Salesbury.
c1440 (a1349) R. Rolle in Eng. Writings (1931) 55 (MED) Arystotill sais þat some fowheles are of gude flyghyng, þat passes fra a lande to anothire.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 142 A griefe passed from the side into the hart.
1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ D 2 a Freely to renounce Glory and Granduer, to pass from a Throne to an Hermitage.
1667 J. Glanvill Philos. Considerations Witches 24 Subtil streams and aporhœa's of minute particles, which pass from one body to another.
1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour II. 133 Toll is paid for..black cattle that pass from Jutland into Germany.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. vi. 219 Through a folding door, she passed from the great hall to the ramparts.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xiv. 323 As the wind blows they pass from one side of the lake to the other.
1895 Argosy Nov. 100/2 As we pass from room to room we are bewildered by a thousand beautiful and wonderful things.
1952 Sc. Naturalist 64 12 If a drift-migrant could continue on the wing indefinitely it would pass from one weather system to another.
2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 312/2 Magical formulae..enabled him to pass from one dungeon to the next.
33. intransitive. To change from one form or state to another, esp. by regular or gradual transitions; to undergo chemical, mineralogical, structural, or other gradual conversion into.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo transition from one form to another
passa1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 309 Citryne passeþ by purpure in to blak.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1583 Mater apetiteth forme alwey, And from forme into forme it passen may [v.r. hit passit maye].
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2405 (MED) For prudent nature may not bi worching Make complement of appetite of a thing, And so passe bitwen extremytees, But if she first passe bi alle degrees.
1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks i. 197 Jove's will was, The good should into heavenly natures pass.
1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick ii. 5 That which is a fift shall pass into a third.
1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §124 Ancient and rooted prejudices do often pass into principles.
1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer xii. 276 How easily do men pass from loving, to hating and cursing one another!
1854 D. Brewster More Worlds xv. 228 Our Earth passed from a state of chaos into an orderly world.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 595 The patient then passes into a severe general lichen, after the ordinary type.
1987 D. Lindsay Haunted Woman 109 Her feelings passed from disappointment to impatience, and thence to anger.
2001 Wired Feb. 143/3 As the material heats up, it passes from dull red to brightening orange.
34. Chiefly Law.
a. intransitive. Of property, a title, etc.: to be conveyed (to or from a person); to come by inheritance to or into the hands of a person.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > be transferred [verb (intransitive)]
goOE
pass1416
devolvea1575
settle1629
to go overa1645
cede1756
shift1844
1416 in C. L. Kingsford Rep. MSS Ld. de l'Isle & Dudley (1925) I. 205 I will that, if anything of them [manors] be tailled, [they] passe after the tenur of the taille to the next heir.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 404 (MED) Oon [gift] passith fro the principal ȝeuer into the principal receyuer, and the other passith fro the seid principal receyuer into the seid principal ȝeuer.
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xviiiv Al the rente & seruyce..be incydences to the reuercyon & passe by the graunte of reuercyon.
1611 Bible (King James) Num. xxvii. 7 Thou shalt cause the inheritance of their father to passe vnto them. View more context for this quotation
1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 109 If it should so happen, that..all this Wealth should pass from the Master to the meanest Varlet of his whole Family.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) V. 51 The advowson passed, because it was clearly referred to in the grant.
1883 Law Times Rep. 49 337/1 There is no case in which the benefit of a personal covenant, not assignable on the face of it, has been held to pass by assignment.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 947/1 Races organized on a patriarchal basis among whom the headship passes from father to son.
1992 TV Quick 19 Dec. (Central Region ed.) 8/3 If the property was bought as joint tenants, it will pass to the survivor and cannot be willed away.
b. transitive. To convey or make over in legal form or with legal effect.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)]
assign1297
bequeathc1305
alienc1400
analy1405
releasea1425
alienate?a1475
to make over1478
convey1495
transport1523
to put over1542
dispone?1548
design1573
pass1587
to set over1594
transfer1598
abalienate1646
attorn1649
demise1670
enure1736
to will away1773
divest1790
1587 Ld. Burley Let. 16 Aug. in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 204 It is hir..will and pleasure that you passe such a lease to the said Ladie Stafford.
1652 in Recusant Hist. (1965) Jan. 35 The said John shall..sell, grant, assigne & passe over unto the said Rowland..All his right Title & Interest to the same.
1891 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 19 Dec. 201/1 The delivery of the key of a trunk was held to pass the trunk and its contents.
1967 Odger's Constr. Deeds & Statutes 199 As long as the intention is clear a deed is effective to pass whatever estate the conveying party has.
35.
a. intransitive. To be uttered, exchanged, or transacted between two or more people; to take place at a meeting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > correlate [verb (intransitive)] > pass between people
pass1538
intercede1630
1538 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 20 Aug. (1933) 82 Ther hath also passed betwene the Kinges Hieghnes and the French Kyng an other treatye.
a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. 462 Here must no speeches passe, nor swords be drawne.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 59 Now M. Broome, you come to know What hath past betweene me, and Fords wife.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 13 Aug. (1972) VII. 244 He blabs to me what hath passed between other people and him.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 263. ⁋5 Two Letters which passed between a Mother and Son very lately.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer v. 88 I know what has past between you.
1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 158 The Count entered. Salutations passed.
1939 W. S. Maugham Christmas Holiday iii. 82 I asked him what had passed between him and his mother, but he wouldn't tell me.
1992 Chess Monthly Sept. 40/2 Almost the only word that passed between them in four months was ‘check’.
b. transitive. colloquial. to pass a good morning, to pass the compliments of the day, etc.: to exchange greetings, pleasantries, or casual remarks.Earliest and most commonly in to pass the time of day: see time n., int., and conj. Phrases 1a(b)(iii).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > chat
dallyc1300
confablec1450
crack1529
tattle1547
chat1551
confabulate1604
confab1741
prosea1764
parleyvoo1765
coze1818
yarn1819
cosher1833
to pass a good morning1835
small-talk1848
mardle1853
cooze1870
chinwag1879
rap1909
kibitz1923
to shoot the breeze1941
old-talk1956
ole-talk1971
gyaff1976
gist1992
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] > in return > exchange courteous remarks in passing
to pass a good morning1835
1835 N.-Y. Spectator 22 June This [sc. ‘howdy’] is an idiom, and corresponds rather to our fashion of ‘passing the time of day’ with a man.
1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 180 She had simply passed him a pleasant ‘Good morning’.
1894 Outing 24 10/1 Nothing has happened to prevent my passing the compliments of the day with Mrs. Crombie.
1914 Mag. of Business 25 613/2 [He] passed a ‘good-morning’ and walked out again.
1997 Daily Tel. 1 Apr. 23/6 Everyone would pass a word with John Stamp; he had absolutely no side at all.
†36. Conjuring.
a. intransitive. To move an object from one person or place to another by sleight of hand. Cf. repass v.1 3. Obsolete.figurative in quots. 1589, 1607.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > practise legerdemain, etc. [verb (intransitive)]
jugglec1440
tregetc1440
repass?1555
pass1589
hocus-pocus1687
1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Diij No body knowes how it came or how it went, for, since she was deliuered, (passe and repasse) the childe was neuer heard of.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat l. 916 Hee shall passe and repasse, iuggle the best he can.
1627 H. Burton Baiting Popes Bull Ep. Ded. 19 They are like cunning Iugglars, that can passe and repasse at pleasure.
b. intransitive. pass! or hey pass!: ‘Move!’, ‘Change position!’ (a conjuror's exclamation, supposedly ordering something to go from one place to another). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1616) sig. G2 v You thinke to carry it away with your Hey-passe, and Re-passe.
1600 T. Dekker Old Fortunatus sig. K1v Therefore vanish, you haue made me turne Iugler, and crie hey-passe, but your hornes shall not repasse.
a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ll2/2 What a rogue's this Jugler, This hey passe, repasse, ha's repasd us sweetly.
1700 G. Farquhar Constant Couple ii. 17 A Legerdemain Mistriss, who, presto, pass, and she's vanish'd.
1727 J. Gay Fables I. xlii. 143 ‘See this bank-note; observe the blessing: Breathe on the bill.’ Heigh! pass! 'tis gone.
c. transitive. To perform a pass (pass n.4 9) on (a playing card). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > deal, shuffle, or cut
cutc1555
deal1560
rob1575
shuffle1589
fuzz1753
pass1859
flitter1864
split1866
ruffle1872
make1876
trey1888
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card-sharping or cheating > cheat someone at cards [verb (transitive)] > methods of cheating
pack1575
palm1671
spur1674
slip1807
stack1825
pass1859
stock1864
riffle1891
1859 F. C. L. Wraxall tr. J. E. Robert-Houdin Mem. i. viii. 157 He also said, in allusion to the ace of hearts, which he had ‘passed’ on one of the most beautiful women in the room: ‘Will you be kind enough, madam, to lay your hand on your heart?’
1884 St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 5/2 [To] prevent him from watching the operator too closely when engaged in ‘readying’ and ‘passing’ the cards.
37.
a. transitive. To cause to go from one person to another; to hand over, hand round, or transfer. Frequently with preposition or adverb.to pass the buck: see buck n.9; to pass the hat (around): see hat n. Phrases 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > pass with the hand > pass from hand to hand
band1580
bandya1599
passa1616
to hand about1660
to fist about1701
circulatec1793
to send round1839
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iv. 44 If..like a Father you will deale with him, And passe my daughter a sufficient dower, The match is made, and all is done. View more context for this quotation
1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 75 When God makes a Man wealthy and potent, he passes a double Obligation upon him.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 194 Shall I pass you a spoon, Sir?
1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. ii. 18 The intelligence was ‘passed round’..in an instant.
1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 102 If there is a fill of tobacco among the crew..pass it round.
a1901 W. Besant Five Years' Tryst (1902) 117 They passed buckets of water from hand to hand.
1947 J. Steinbeck Wayward Bus 104 He passed the sugar dispenser politely to her.
1987 A. Djoleto Hurricane of Dust xxi. 100 He passed the gun into his left hand.
2000 J. Hughes Blackberry Season in J. Thomas Catwomen from Hell 181 She passed the be-ribboned box over the table to me.
b. transitive. colloquial (originally Nautical). to pass the word: to convey information by word of mouth; to issue an order or instruction orally.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > action of informing > information [phrase] > convey information orally
to pass the word1843
1756 S. Bever Cadet xxii. 212 A Communication should be kept open round the Place, that the Sentrys might pass the Word to each other.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple ii. viii. 120 Desire the sentry to pass the word for the butcher; I want to speak with him.
1843 S. Leech 30 Years from Home x. 218 I heard the order from an officer, of ‘Pass the word for the boy Leech.’
1901 G. B. Shaw Caesar & Cleopatra ii. 133 Pass the word to the guard; and fetch my armor.
1924 J. Buchan Three Hostages vi. 96 I will visit it as a man..to see about the meter... Macgillivray will pass the word for me.
1961 Sat. Evening Post 3 June 60/2 Hundreds of men are required to pass the word to the button pushers and to push the buttons.
1991 Ships Monthly Apr. 18/1 During the dark hours, the engineer would pass the word that he was going to blow the steam tubes.
c. intransitive. To be handed from one person to another in succession.
ΚΠ
1766 Ann. Reg. 1765 Hist. Europe 90/2 No bank..can issue notes after the 15th of May 1766, containing optional clauses: but such optional notes as are then in the circle may freely pass from hand to hand during any after period.
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal iii. iii. 36 Let the toast pass, drink to the lass.
1810 A. Boswell Edinburgh 31 From hand to hand the whirling halfpence pass.
1991 R. Kerridge Jaunting through Ireland (BNC) I would..pretend to drink deeply as the cider or barley wine bottle passed around.
d. transitive and intransitive. Sport. To throw, kick, or hit (a ball, puck, etc.) to another player on the same team.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > play team ball games [verb (intransitive)] > pass
pass1865
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > play team ball games [verb (transitive)] > actions or manoeuvres
pass1865
to throw in1867
work1868
centre1877
shoot1882
field1883
tackle1884
chip1889
feed1889
screen1906
fake1907
slap1912
to turn over1921
tip-in1958
to lay off1965
spill1975
1865 F. Wood Beeton's Football Rules 36 No player shall carry the ball, hold it, throw it, pass it to another with his hands, or lift it from the ground with his hands.
1888 Irvine et al. Football, Laws Rugby 71 Never pass blindly, and be very chary of passing at all near your own goal.
1900 J. H. C. Fegan Football, Hockey, & Lacrosse 135 The ball may often be passed as usefully from forwards to halves, or from halves to backs.
1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 26/3 He felt a wild impulse to dash down the rink, but quelled it immediately and passed to Hassett.
1993 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 4 Dec. 31/5 Johnson stripped Anderson at midcourt and passed to Ainge for an easy layup.
2001 New Scientist 3 Nov. 11/3 They can shoot and pass the ball as accurately with their left foot as their right.
†e. intransitive. U.S. To throw a ball back and forth between two or more people. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > play at ball [verb (intransitive)] > motion of ball
hang1838
carry1861
pass1889
1889 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 2 155 In New England the ordinary term used to express the throwing and catching of a ball by two or more persons is pass. ‘Let's go out and pass.’
VIII. To allow, be allowed; to approve.
38. intransitive. To be allowed or tolerated; to go uncensured or unpunished; to be successful as an expedient; to be adequate, to come up to the required standard.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (intransitive)] > be permitted
passa1400
the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > be expedient or advisable [verb (intransitive)] > serve the purpose
servec1392
doa1450
to serve (also answer) one's purposea1500
pass1565
to fit one's turn1603
to come in handy1839
to come in useful1854
to fill the bill1882
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28707 (MED) For quen a sin was broken [read wroken] sua, Hu sal he passe [a1425 Galba do] has hundret ma?
1565 Abp. M. Parker in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 28 We thinke it maye so passe well ynoughe.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII Prol. 11 Those that come to see Onely a show or two, and so a gree, The Play may passe . View more context for this quotation
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love i. i. 13 'Tis very hard—Won't a Baronet's Lady pass?
1781 W. Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 92 I never suffer a line to pass till I have made it as good as I can.
1861 D. G. Rossetti tr. Dante Vita Nuova in Early Ital. Poets ii. 308 This sonnet..might be divided yet more nicely, and made yet clearer; but this division may pass.
1883 Harper's Mag. July 196/2 The censorship of the Foreign Office allowed them [sc. letters] to pass unblackened and unmutilated.
1907 G. B. Shaw Major Barbara ii. in John Bull's Other Island 222 Youd pass still. Why didnt you dye your hair.
1962 J. Braine Life at Top xv. 191 ‘He's a lovely little boy.’ ‘He'll pass,’ I said absently.
1987 N. Ward Dawson's Govt. Canada (ed. 6) x. 214 They dare not permit unwelcome proposals to pass unchallenged.
39.
a. intransitive. Of a law, parliamentary bill, resolution, etc.: to be approved by a legislative or deliberative body; to be ratified or sanctioned.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > be approved or gain acceptance [verb (intransitive)]
pass1405
to pass muster1573
serve1593
takea1635
take1639
resenta1646
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > be approved or gain acceptance [verb (intransitive)] > legally or officially
pass1405
to pass the seals1710
1405 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 32 (MED) The recouerere of the assis of nouell diss..schal pasen be assent of both parties.
1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 343/2 In alle thynges that owith to passe and be agreed be the seide Counseill.
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 376 The bill will passe neuer the sooner.
1672 A. Marvell Let. 14 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 276 I tell him that we must get the Patent passe before Parliament.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 72. ¶5 This Resolution passed in a general Club Nemine Contradicente.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 31 That great body of our statute law which passed under those whom they treat as usurpers. View more context for this quotation
1826 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 123/2 No general bill has passed in favour of the Protestant Dissenters.
1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. lviii. 285 The bill passed without substantial alteration.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 938/1 The bill to legalize and regulate the supply of subjects for dissection did not pass without considerable opposition.
1994 Amer. Spectator Apr. 40/2 With Brown's help, Clinton prevailed, and the tax bill passed by one vote.
b. transitive. To cause or allow (a proposal, plan, etc.) to proceed, esp. to further legislative processes; to agree to, confirm, sanction.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit to proceed
pass1523
green1839
society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > pass a (law)
receivea1538
pass1667
1523 T. Wolsey Let. 24 Aug. in N. Harpsfield Life T. Moore (1932) 320 The..diligence of..Sir Thomas More, in all your causes treated in this your late parliament, as wel for your Subsidy, right honorably passed.
1562 T. Sternhold et al. Whole Bk. Psalmes cxix. iii. 305 They serve in stede of councellers, My matters for to pas.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia 185 The greatest matter passed, was a Proclamation against the spoile of Cahowes.
1667 A. Marvell Let. 19 Jan. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 52 His Majesty came yesterday to the Lords House and there past fiue publick bills.
1705 S. Sewall Diary 12 Nov. (1973) I. 531 Brooklin is pass'd to be a Township by the Council.
1799 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 263 Their majority will pass the bill.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxvii. 327 The city authorities..passed a vote thanking the military associations who had tendered their aid.
1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 796 A scheme of arrangement passed by the shareholders.
1892 Bookman Oct. 26/2 He had already passed for the press all the sheets of the present volume.
1930 N. R. Stephenson Nelson W. Aldrich iii. 48 The Senate passed the bill, Aldrich and Platt registering against it.
1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 May 20/1 He passed not a single bill in the Senate, but contributed more verbiage to the Congressional Record than any other member.
c. transitive. Of a parliamentary or legislative measure, bill, etc.: to be approved or carried by (a legislative body). †to pass the seals: to receive sanction or ratification expressed by a royal (or other) seal.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > make (a) law(s [verb (intransitive)] > be passed into law
pass1454
to pass the seals1710
to get through ——1718
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > be approved or gain acceptance [verb (intransitive)] > legally or officially
pass1405
to pass the seals1710
?a1600 (a1575) N. Harpsfield Life T. Moore (Emmanuel) (1932) 31 It fortuned at that Parliament a very great subsedie to be demaunded, which the Cardinall fearing would not passe the common house, [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 31 Hath he not pass'd the Noble, and the Common? View more context for this quotation
1670 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 14 My Bill hath passed the Lords House and was this day read in the House of Commons.
1710 London Gaz. No. 4728/3 Their Commissions are passing the Seals accordingly.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §335 Estimates..were approved, and passed the common seal of the Corporation.
1814 Columbian Centinel 21 Dec. 2/5 The bill for drafting, or Conscripting, the Militia, has passed both Houses of Congress.
1871 Illustr. London News 29 Apr. 414/3 The Ku-Klux Bill has passed both Houses at Washington with considerable modifications.
1938 Foreign Service Feb. 54/2 H.R. 3423..which passed the House last July 19, 1937, has since then been slumbering in the Senate Committee on Education and Labor.
1992 Crime Beat Jan. 33/1 The Brady Bill passed the House of Representatives on its own as a free-standing bill.
40.
a. transitive. To be successful or reach the required standard in (an examination, test, inspection, etc.); to undergo and succeed in; to be allowed by.to pass muster: see muster n.1 2d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > pass through (any trial) successfully
pass1536
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > pass an examination
pass1536
to scrape through1907
1536 T. Cromwell Let. 6 Dec. (1902) II. 38 This maner of dealing..is suche as I am right sory to see pass you that shuld be a man of honestie.
1599 G. Chapman Humerous Dayes Myrth sig. B3v Then haue you passed the ful test of experiment.
1662 H. More Antidote against Atheism (ed. 3) ii. iii. 47 in Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) There is nothing in Nature but what passes the approbation of a Knowing Principle.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 438. ⁋3 All things among Men of Sense and Condition should pass the Censure, and have the Protection, of the Eye of Reason.
1837 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. Oct. 544 Preliminarists,..those who have passed only the examination whence they take their name.
1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 616 All [Russian Rhubarb] that does not pass this examination is burned.
1885 Manch. Examiner 11 Nov. 3/1 Very few..could pass even the most elementary examination.
1941 Faugh-a-Ballagh 34 57/2 There is so much which might be described and yet so little that would pass the Censor.
1995 D. L. Kirp et al. Our Town (1997) iii. 48 The clerk who handled the building permits lived in a falling-down house that wouldn't have passed even the most cursory inspection.
2002 I. H. M. Miller Our Glory & our Grief iii. 79 Those who passed the medical filled out insurance forms, attestation papers, and were assigned to a local battalion for training.
2005 J. Egginton Working & Living Australia vi. 150 Pink Slips are proof that a vehicle has passed an annual roadworthy inspection and are another legal requirement.
b. intransitive. To reach the required standard in an examination, course, inspection, etc. Formerly frequently with complement (esp. in †to pass master): to graduate as, to become qualified as; (occasionally) transitive, to approve (a person) as.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (intransitive)]
commencea1387
proceed1455
to pass master?1566
graduate1807
incept1852
to go out in the poll1889
to pass out1916
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine [verb (intransitive)] > pass examination
to get through1805
through1830
pass1843
to shave through1860
scratch1890
?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 13 Ane of profession of medicine passit maister, and ane regent in humanite.
1595 Minute Bk. Royal Coll. Surgeons Edinb. 20 Considering that the said Henrie was past maister of befoir in the barbours craft..[he] has funden him qualifeit to be admittit fre chirurgiane and past maister therof.
1600 M. Sutcliffe Briefe Replie to Libel viii. 217 Parsons is not onely a practitioner, but also has passed master in this facultie.
1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Degree To pass bachelor of divinity, the candidate must have been seven years master of arts.
1814 J. B. Scott Diary Dec. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) vii. 163 On the 15th December I was passed ‘Fellow Craft and raised Master Mason’ at the Free Mason Lodge No. 515.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 29/2 Candidates will pass who show a competent knowledge in any two of the subjects.
1872 Athenæum 11 May 583/2 Lest it should be supposed that no Lawrence could pass for the artillery.
1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 98 The scholars..could have passed with honours.
1991 A. Campbell Sidewinder ii. 24 You must have known I was merely testing you. And of course you passed with flying colours.
c. transitive. Of an examiner, doctor, etc.: to judge as satisfactory the performance or attributes of (a person) in an examination or test. Of a teacher: to ensure that (a person) succeeds in an examination; to give a passing grade to (a person).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > pass a candidate
pass1677
1677 in R. F. Gould Hist. Freemasonry (1884) I. 410 Power to them to enter, receave and pass ony qualified persons that they think fitt.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple ii. xix. 341 Come, Mr. Simple, stand up again... Don't be afraid, we wish to pass you.
1889 Nature 18 Apr. 577 His first duty..is to pass his men; and as our systems of examination are at present ordered, the passing is more a question of the facts than of the principles.
1922 J. Galsworthy Forsyte Saga iii. i. iii. 823 His doctor had passed him sound in other respects.
1976 R. Massey When I was Young xxii. 188 The medical board, to my delight, passed me ‘fit for active duty’.
1999 J. Elliot Unexpected Light (2000) vi. 236 The teacher saw it differently..—why not pass them all and get the year over with?
41. transitive. To cause or allow to go through a (real or notional) barrier. Chiefly in to pass (someone) in: to gain admittance for (someone), esp. into a theatre.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit to pass
passa1616
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles > cause or allow to pass obstructions
passa1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. ii. 60 Madam, if't please the Queene to send the babe, I know not what I shall incurre, to passe it, Hauing no warrant. View more context for this quotation
1861 C. Dickens Let. 7 Nov. (1997) IX. 500 Frederick appeared at Canterbury as ‘Mr Dickens' brother, to pass in Dr. Sankey.’ Then he went away and of course did not come to me. The mysterious Sankey was admitted, and I know no more of him.
1862 C. J. Riethmüller Frederick Lucas 15 A fellow student, who had the means of obtaining free admissions to the theatre, promised to pass him in with a friend.
1867 J. MacGregor Voy. Alone in Rob Roy ii. 38 I had letters..from the highest authorities to pass the Rob Roy as an ‘article entered for the Paris Exhibition’.
1884 Graphic 30 Aug. 215/1 The men who pass tobacco, wine, and spirits into England..by contraband.
1936 H. Belloc Battle Ground xi. 215 Yes, certainly he could pass in a friend.
IX. To circulate, have currency.
†42. intransitive. To go or move about; to travel; to be alive and active. to pass on earth (also mould): to be alive, to exist (cf. to go on (also upon) the earth, ground, etc. at go v. 1c). Obsolete.See also well to pass adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > [verb (intransitive)]
liveeOE
aliveeOE
ylivec950
won971
goc1225
movea1325
breathea1382
reigna1400
to pass on earth (also mould)c1400
to draw (one's) breath?1570
exist1578
respire1619
to tread clay, this earth, shoe leather1789
to grab on1861
to store the kin1866
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > travel about or visit many places
runeOE
to go aboutc1300
passc1400
discur1557
dispace1588
perambulate1607
to get about1776
to go around1796
to get around1798
circulate1848
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 7 (MED) Þe moste partie of þis peple þat passiþ on þis erþe, Haue þei worsshipe in þis world þei kepe no betere.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 741 (MED) Whi favure ȝe þanne falce godus and folliche seggen Þat þei han power of peple þat pacen on molde?
1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 162 That na skipparis, marineris, nor utheris pass in cumpany with thame.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. i. 114 Yong men..passyng as I haue said, in the nightes to goe about the streetes.
1653 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 259 Goeing throw the haill streitis..and paseing frae house to house.
a1895 C. F. Alexander Poems (1896) ii. 83 That was the grandest funeral That ever pass'd on earth.
43.
a. intransitive. to pass for (also as): to be taken for or to serve as (usually with the implication of being something else); to be accepted or received as equivalent to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > be equivalent
amountc1390
to pass for (also as)1463
to come to one purpose1489
weigh1529
to pass muster1573
parallel1626
tantamount1628
to come to the same1643
coextenda1711
muster1820
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)] > be rated or regarded as
to pass for (also as)1463
likenc1570
rate1819
1463 in W. Kennedy Ann. Aberdeen (1818) II. 472 [The sum] wes nocht lachful na sufficiande to pas for payment.
1467 Acts Parl. Scotl. II. 88/2 The aulde Inglis grot sall pas for xvi d.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 6441 (MED) Oure foul wille þat was so kene Shal wasshe away and passe for noght.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 54 God made him, and therefore let him passe for a man. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. ii. §17 Had Lucretius been only a Poet, this might have passed for a handsomly described Fable.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 1. ¶5 I..sometimes pass for a Jew in the Assembly of Stock-Jobbers at Jonathan's.
1752 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. (1756) I. 142 A very Considerable Number of masqueraded Shillings..so well disguised, that they passed among the Company for Guineas.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. ix. vii. 438 You pass for a kind-hearted gentleman.
1884 H. Spencer New Toryism in Man v. State 1 Most of those who now pass as Liberals, are Tories of a new type.
1954 F. O'Connor Let. 13 Feb. in Habit of Being (1980) 68 I have what passes for an education in this day and time, but I am not deceived by it.
2002 Hotdog Feb. 33/2 Even expressions such as ‘bang-tail’ and ‘pinch-pricks’ (Whitechapel prostitutes), could pass as modern street slang back in the 'hood.
b. intransitive. to pass under (also by): to be generally known by (a particular name).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > have or bear (name) > be known as
to go under the name of1566
to pass under (also by)a1643
a1643 W. Cartwright Siedge ii. ii, in Comedies (1651) sig. H4v Where you are best esteem'd You only pass under the favourable Name Of humble Cozens, that sit below the Salt.
1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Of Consol. Philos. i. 18 The whole Province of Campania had like to have been ruin'd by an Imposition upon the People, which pass'd under the Name of a Coemption.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. II. App. iii. 518 Davis..discovered the Straits which pass by his name.
1894 T. H. Huxley Evol. & Ethics Prolegom. 13 That progressive modification of civilisation which passes by the name of the ‘evolution of society’.
1963 A. J. Hall Student's Handbk. Textile Sci. ii. 38 The recovered wool passes under various names such as mungo, shoddy, alpaca and extract.
1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind xiii. 402 The ceaseless surge of fevers which, in a time of pre-bacteriology, passed under names like ‘putrid fever’.
†c. intransitive. to pass upon (also on): to impose upon; to gain credit with; to dupe. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)]
deceivec1330
defraud1362
falsec1374
abuse?a1439
fraud1563
visure1570
cozen1583
coney-catch1592
to fetch in1592
cheat1597
sell1607
mountebanka1616
dabc1616
nigglea1625
to put it on1625
shuffle1627
cuckold1644
to put a cheat on1649
tonya1652
fourbe1654
imposturea1659
impose1662
slur1664
knap1665
to pass upon (also on)1673
snub1694
ferret1699
nab1706
shool1745
humbug1750
gag1777
gudgeon1787
kid1811
bronze1817
honeyfuggle1829
Yankee1837
middle1863
fuck1866
fake1867
skunk1867
dead-beat1888
gold-brick1893
slicker1897
screw1900
to play it1901
to do in1906
game1907
gaff1934
scalp1939
sucker1939
sheg1943
swizz1961
butt-fuck1979
1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode ii. i. 22 I..said..that it was all grimace, and would not pass upon me.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 229 Illiterate Dunces undiscern'd Pass on the Rabble for the learn'd.
1738 tr. S. Guazzo Art of Conversat. 192 I am now sensible that you have passed upon me very pleasantly.
1781 C. Johnstone Hist. John Juniper I. 193 This imposition was too gross to pass upon him.
1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 676/2 It was a poor thing for the Bruce boys to do, to try to pass upon him like this.
d. intransitive. To be accepted as or believed to be, or to represent oneself successfully as, a member of an ethnic or religious group other than one's own, esp. one having higher social status; spec. (of a person of black ancestry in a racially segregated society) to be accepted as white. Later also: (of a transsexual) to be accepted as a member of a different sex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > one who passes as one of another race > pass as one of another race [verb (intransitive)]
pass1929
1929 N. Larsen Passing ii. ii. 38 ‘I see. They were “passing” too.’ ‘No. They weren't. They were white.’
1953 E. H. Brookes S. Afr. in Changing World vii. 147 Because of the permutations of nature, a coloured man white enough to ‘pass’ can have children or grandchildren who look ‘Coloured’.
1963 M. McCarthy Group xiv. 319 ‘Freddy's parents were trying to pass,’ she went on sombrely. ‘Like so many rich German Jews.’
1994 City Life 24 Aug. 61 The author documents hundreds of cases of individual women who lived most of their adult lives as men—women who managed to ‘pass’ in all kinds of situations.
44. intransitive. To be in circulation; to be current, have currency. See also to pass, go, or run current at current adj. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > be in circulation [verb (intransitive)]
gangOE
run1399
pass1475
servec1475
go1504
to pass, go, or run current1596
to take vent1641
circulate1691
float1778
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > be generally applicable [verb (intransitive)] > be general or prevalent
pass1475
runa1500
tain?1536
to go for current1596
to pass for current1596
prevail1617
obtain1619
1475 Acts Parl. Scotl. II. 112/2 And al vther gold to pas eftir the wecht and fynace at the plesance of the gevare and the takare.
1560 Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. XXX. f. 50v The wardane..sall nocht latt ony denier of gold and siluer pas without it be of the richt wecht.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Ev Vpstart reformers..coueting to haue newe opinions passe vnder their names.
1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 248 This foolish and false rule of honour, which passeth..among the Nobility and Gentry of France.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1734) II. 161 Our money they thought would not pass, and so the Markets would not be furnished.
1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Mar. 5/2 A certain quantity of paper engraved and signed so as to pass instead of gold.
1913 G. J. Kneeland Commercialized Prostitution N.Y. 62 The word quickly passes among the ‘gang’.
45. transitive. To give currency to; to put (esp. base or forged currency) into circulation. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)]
utterc1483
to put forth1572
pass1579
to turn and wind1598
wind1598
vent1629
to put outa1719
expose1751
mobilize1864
monetarize1952
1579 in G. Donaldson Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1966) VII. 347/2 Commanding alsua his majesteis thesaurer..maister of his hienes cunyeous, to stamp and pas the threttie and twentie schilling peces abonespecefeit.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 192 One whom his mistresse burdened with some vnkinde speeches which he had past of her.
1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect To Rdr. sig. A3v There hath beene many scandalous and false reports past upon the Country.
1778 T. Jefferson Public Papers in Writings (1984) 357 Whosoever..shall pass any such counterfeited coin, paper bills, or notes..shall be condemned to hard labour six years.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 190 This bank-note..he was afraid to pass..till all inquiry had blown over.
1864 Daily Tel. 28 Nov. Utterers of base coin have a trick of passing a bad shilling between two good ones.
1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear ii. ii. 189 This man..helped me to shove the queer... It means to pass the dollars out into circulation.
1988 J. Cartwright Interior vi. 67 Stafford went to jail shortly after for passing forged bonds.
X. To emit, give out, utter.
46.
a. transitive. To give in pledge (one's word, a promise, oath, etc.) (now rare); †to pledge (one's honour, etc.) (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do
sweara1154
fast?a1160
plightc1275
givec1300
undertake1393
strokea1400
warranta1400
foldc1400
pledge?a1439
affiance1523
pass1528
betroth1573
assume1602
impawna1628
gagea1642
spond1698
guarantee1820
vouch1898
1528 J. Taylor et al. in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. xli. 79 To pass his promise on such sort..might..make much broylery.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 49 Your othe is past, to passe away from these. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 76 Sir Toby will be sworn that I am no Fox, but he wil not passe his word for two pence that you are no Foole. View more context for this quotation
1659 in J. H. Dixon Anc. Poems (1846) 22 I'le pass my worde this night Shall yield.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 114 He [sc. the King of Sweden] had passed his Honour to the Norembergers, that he would not leave them.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxi. 279 He (the doctor) had passed his word for our conduct in time to come, and he hoped we should give him no cause to repent of his kindness.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. xxvi. 103 That Name, by which thy faithful oath is past.
1896 Monthly Packet Christmas No. 97 He had passed his word of honour..that he would report himself at the fort of Haraf.
1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 25/3 Whitepig said no—he'd passed his word.
†b. transitive. To give or cast (a vote). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)]
pass1642
throw1648
poll1717
record1856
cast1871
1642 G. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 298 These are the votes.., which passed shall be published in a Declaration to the kingdom.
1685 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 266 Everie person..shall..passe his vote when required,..the town clerke shall..proceed from person to person till the whole Councell have passed their votes.
†47. transitive. To emit or give vent to. to pass the ghost: to die. Obsolete (in later use poetic).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (transitive)]
fetcha1200
to breathe out one's lifea1382
passc1540
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8216 Ector..macchit hym so harde That he gird to the ground, & the gost past.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. iii. sig. D3v Here is a vent to passe my sighes.
1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia ii. 57 She past a sigh, and said, O ask not who.
1885 ‘M. Field’ Father's Trag. iii. ii Rothsay: You are safe. How felt you dying? Felon: Why I cannot say—But like as you must pass a ghost.
48. transitive. To utter or pronounce (words, esp. of a critical or censorious nature). to pass a remark (colloquial): to make an observation or comment, esp. one that is sarcastic or derogatory.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to
sayOE
talkc1275
soundc1386
outc1390
shedc1420
utterc1445
conveya1568
discharge1586
vent1602
dicta1605
frame1608
voice1612
pass?1614
language1628
ventilate1637
to give venta1640
vend1657
clothe1671
to take out1692
to give mouth to1825
verbalize1840
to let out1853
vocalize1872
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > speak of or mention > comment on
note1607
observe1613
commenta1616
observea1616
remark1676
commentate1861
to pass a remark1899
?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses i. 7 On him againe, the grey-eyd Maide did passe This kind reply.
1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 35 To passe a censure, or to whisper seditiously against the Actions of Princes.
1698 R. South 12 Serm. III. 30 By all this (it seems) our Saviour was only teaching those about Him, how to pass Complements upon Almighty God.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 290 No man shall brook life after he has passed an affront on Douglas.
1843 G. W. Gillespie Misc. Poems 46 You are na blate To slight this land at sic a rate; To pass remarks you hadna time.
1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xxi. 218 I didn't sye I 'ad nothin' to sye to 'im. I only passed the remark.
1924 R. Kipling Debits & Credits (1926) 157 Macklin had a wonderful way o' passing remarks on a man's civil life.
1958 J. Cannan And be Villain iii. 70 I'll tell him you've broken off your engagement and not to pass any remarks.
1986 N. Harte Univ. of London 194 The Commission included..a Visitor in Lunacy, on whose appropriateness no comment will be passed.
2001 J. Boyle Galloway Street 162 Auntie Mary's been passing remarks, saying It'd break yer heart the way that dirty-looking mutt goes mooning about the place.
†49. transitive. To discharge (a volley). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > assail with missiles [verb (transitive)] > discharge (missile) > in volley
pass1681
volley1839
1654 True & Perfect Dutch-diurnall 10 Jan. 27 After the passing of two broad sides, the private Man of war ran after their Fleet.]
1681 London Gaz. No. 1628/1 One of them..shooting a-head and passing his Broad-side,..fell a stern, by her Lee side.
50.
a. transitive. To discharge from the body as or with excreta. Cf. sense 19b.to pass water: see water n. 17.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (transitive)]
yetOE
to put outa1350
void1398
expelc1405
avoid1562
ejaculate1578
excern1578
regurgitate1578
egest1607
evacuate1607
vent1607
expurgate1621
excrete1669
pass1698
to put off1740
re-ejaculate1826
1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 266 He hath past none by the Yard since he past these the other way.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 264 She passes her stools naturally.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 220 He..was incapable of passing a motion by any means.
1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis vii. 205 Hairs have been known to be passed with this fluid.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 14 Oct. 947/2 The patient was passing black tarry stools.
1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 129/2 Two girls continue to pass beads of faeces resembling rabbit's stools.
b. transitive. to pass wind (also gas): = to break wind at break v. Phrases 6.
ΚΠ
1852 Suppl. to Provinc. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 28 Apr. 237/2 He had no motion, but is constantly passing gas, and a slimy kind of mucus.
1853 C. J. Hempel tr. G. H. G. Jahr Jahr's & Possart's New Man. Homoeopathic Materia Medica (ed. 4) 472 She imagined she had to pass wind, but passed a thin and yellowish stool along with it.
1931 Man 31 224 A horse which passes wind is an ideal animal to possess,..for it will never be tired.
1992 Harper's Mag. Mar. 35/1 Helplessly, I pass gas; I fart.
1997 C. P. Dancey & S. Backhouse IBS i. 6 After having my second child I noticed that I felt bloated and wanted to pass wind.
†XI. To care.
51. To care, mind, be concerned; cf. care v. 4. Usually in negative contexts.
a. intransitive with infinitive or at, or without construction. To care, to feel concern or interest. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (passive)]
pass1534
the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)]
strivea1400
objectc1443
repugna1513
controlc1525
to lay something in a person's light1530
pass1534
take1542
to think (it) much1548
challenge?1577
except1577
except1597
to formalize upon1597
formalize1599
scruple1627
demur1827
1534 tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani (new ed.) sig. Aiv To please all sortes of men I do not passe To please to good and lerned is a fayre thyng.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ooo.iii Much wicked people passe nothyng to resort to the Church.
1578 J. Stockwood Serm. Barthelmew Day sig. Aijv I passe very little to be iudged of them.
a1625 E. Chaloner Six Serm. (1629) 149 To retaine it, it passeth not to forgoe halfe her controversies.
1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 171 Yet if you go, I passe not; take your way.
b. intransitive with of, on, or upon. To care about, to feel concern or interest about. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 24 The scoldying of brathels is no more to bee passed on then the squekyng of welle wheles.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxij For he passed litle, either of the pein of his seruaunt, or of his charge and expence.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. M.iiv In our countrey of Lumbardy these matters are not passed vppon.
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 54 I passe of my honor more than life.
1609 B. Jonson Case is Alterd (new ed.) iii. sig. K Signiors for you, I passe you not: though I let you passe; for in truth I passe not of you.
c. intransitive with for. To care for, have regard for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > be attentive, pay attention to [verb (intransitive)]
lookeOE
reckOE
heedOE
turna1200
beseec1200
yeme?c1225
to care forc1230
hearkenc1230
tendc1330
tentc1330
hangc1340
rewarda1382
behold1382
convert1413
advertc1425
lotec1425
resortc1450
advertise1477
mark1526
regard1526
pass1548
anchor1557
eye1592
attend1678
mind1768
face1863
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > care or heed [verb (intransitive)] > care or reck
reckOE
force1471
regardc1540
pass1548
skill1821
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts 60 Paule and Sylas, not passyng for theyr whyppyng..prayed and song hymnes.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 28v They passe for no Doctores: They mocke the Pope: They raile on Luther.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xiv. 61 Neither doe I passe greatly for my life.
1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 292 I do not so much pass for the body.
d. transitive. In negative constructions with a strengthening word or phrase as object, as to pass nothing at all, not to pass a fly (also fig, pin, point, straw, whit, etc.): to care very little or not at all. Cf. care v. 4a(b). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > be inattentive [verb (intransitive)] > be unconcerned
not to pass a fly (also fig, pin, point, straw, whit, etc.)?1548
matter1678
to know little (or nothing) and care less1783
?1548 L. Shepherd Doctour Doubble Ale l. 321 I..wyll not ceasse To drinke a pot the lesse Of ale that is bygge Nor passe not a fygge for all their malice.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. sig. y4v Pitiful povertie praieth for a peny, but puffed presumpcion, passeth not a poynct.
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 132 They passe not a pynne of the Magistrates.
1573 G. Harvey Let. 26 Apr. in Let.-bk. (1884) 27 He..said he passid not ani thing at al of althere displeasure.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 54/2 We passe not a flie for it.
1615 J. Day Festivals 63 Nor doe we passe a whit what Iew, or Gentile, can say against it.
a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) III-IV. xxxiv. 68 Yet Man, (whose folly is but oversway'd In fate) keeps tennant; passing not a Pin, His Ruine Imminent.
e. transitive. With clause as object. To care about, to feel concern or interest about. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1549 J. Hales in Disc. Common Weal Eng. (1893) p. lii He passythe not what he saythe, nor what he dothe, so that he maye satisfie his vngodlie desyres.
1565–73 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 109 She..said that she dyd not passe yf all ropers were hanged.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 44 Three poles to a hillock (I passe not how long).
a1617 P. Baynes Comm. First & Second Chapters Colossians (1634) 340 Passe not you who doth give sentence against you.
1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 171 I passe not, I, what of the rest become.
f. transitive. To care for or about; to take heed or notice of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > take notice of, heed [verb (transitive)]
yemec897
understandc1000
beseea1225
heeda1225
bihedec1250
tentc1330
to look into ——c1350
rewardc1350
undertakea1382
considerc1385
recorda1393
behold?a1400
receivea1425
advertc1425
attend1432
advertise?a1439
regard1526
respect1543
eye?c1550
mind1559
panse1559
to take knowledge of1566
to consider of1569
suspect1590
pass1609
matter1652
watch1676
1609 B. Jonson Case is Alterd (new ed.) iii. sig. K Signiors for you, I passe you not: though I let you passe; for in truth I passe not of you.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) iv. 270 Not passing his much and often intreaties she continued her refusall.
1647 H. More Philos. Poems i. ii. xliii [He] deemed it no small disgrace That that bold youngster should so little passe His learned speech.
†XII. Other senses.
52. intransitive. Fencing. To make a pass (on or upon a person); to thrust, lunge. Also (rare) transitive: to make or execute (a thrust). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > fence [verb (intransitive)] > actions
traversea1470
to hold one's handa1500
flourish1552
lock1579
to come in1594
retire1594
pass1595
recover1600
redouble1640
allonge1652
caveat1652
parry1671
disengage1684
overlap1692
volt1692
tierce1765
whip1771
wrench1771
lunge1809
salute1809
riposte1823
cut1833
quart1833
repost1848
remise1889
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > fence [verb (transitive)] > actions
to traverse one's ground1577
lock1579
falsify1595
pass1595
button1615
touch1622
stringere1688
repost1691
quart1692
riposte1707
time1765
whip1861
1595 V. Saviolo Practise ***j You may suddenly passe with your left foot..and turne your point vnder his Rapier.
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. iii. sig. C4 A well experienced man would passe vpon you at pleasure... make a thrust at me; come in..and make a full carriere.
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. iii. 24 To see thee fight, to see thee foine, to..see thee passe the punto.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. i. 41 Nay, and thou passe vpon me, Ile no more with thee. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 32 They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their Corslets.
53. intransitive. Dice. To win in a game of passage (passage n. 13). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (intransitive)] > win at passage
pass1600
1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. F4 Hunt: I must haue the dice, What do we play at? Suff: Passage if ye please... Har: George, you are out. Giue me the dice, I passe for twentie pound.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 119 The Caster throws continually till he hath thrown Dubblets under ten, and then he is out and loseth; or Dubblets above ten, and then he passeth and wins.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Passage, a Camp-Game, with three Dice, Doublets, making up Ten or more, to Pass or Win, any other Chances lose.
1725 New Canting Dict. Passage, a Camp-Game, with three Dice, Doublets, making up Ten or more, to pass or win; any other Chances lose.

Phrasal verbs

PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to pass away
1.
a. intransitive. Of a thing: to cease to exist; to perish or disappear; to be dissolved.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > be non-existent [verb (intransitive)] > end or cease to exist
tirec725
endOE
forfareOE
goc1175
fleec1200
to wend awayc1225
diea1240
to-melta1240
to pass awaya1325
flit1340
perishc1350
vanisha1375
decorre1377
cease1382
dispend1393
failc1400
overshakec1425
surcease1439
adrawc1450
fall1523
decease1538
define1562
fleet1576
expire1595
evanish1597
extinguish1599
extirp1606
disappear1623
evaporatea1631
trans-shift1648
annihilate1656
exolve1657
cancela1667
to pass off1699
to burn out, forth1832
spark1845
to die out1853
to come, go, etc. by the board1859
sputter1964
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 464 Þis kynde þat now is Ne shal neuere passy awey ffor-to hit beo ydo al þis.
c1390 (?c1350) St. Paula 29 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 4 Precious stones Þat wiþ þis world and eorþe here Passen awey al in fere.
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 3934 Thys tyraunth..neuere..obeye, Whos powyr..shal passyn a-wey.
1557 Bible (Whittingham) Matt. xxiv. 35 Heauen and earth shall passe awaye [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. passe, Tyndale perisshe], but my wordes shal not passe awaye.
1681 R. L'Estrange tr. Cicero Offices (ed. 2) 103 All Disguises pass away, and shed like Flowers.
1715 tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Exercise iii. xxv. 173 As Lightning in the Twink of an Eye, so do all the Kingdoms and Times of the World pass away.
1815 R. Southey Ode written Dec. 1814 xiii, in Minor Poems II. 237 Dominion passeth like a cloud away.
1884 Manch. Examiner 20 May 5/2 The fears of a general crisis are passing away.
1960 H. Edwards Spirit Healing xi. 92 The drink habit passed away.
2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Nov. 37/4 Bull Mácha cannot quite believe that the blissful postwar age..is passing away forever.
†b. intransitive. To depart. Also: to break away, to escape as from a restraint. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > run away or flee > get away
to pass awaya1400
skey1488
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 12975 (MED) Somme oþere vnswere shaltou say Ar I passe [a1400 Vesp. part] from þe away.
c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 216 (MED) Þe Iewes had..sperde hyme in a house and sellede þe dores with grete besynes þat he suld noghte passe awaye.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) 317 (MED) Whyll þey were togedur bestedd, The quene passyd awey and fledd On fote.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F6 But when he saw the Damsell passe away He left his stond, and her pursewd apace.
1662 J. Dauncey Eng. Lovers i. ii. 49 He courteously saluted our Amazon, and would have passed away, had not she..demanded with an angry countenance, wherefore he had jostled her?
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 174 Just long enough to..pass away to his own desolate abiding place.
1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia iv. 88 But that ox-king..Trampled the warders down and passed away.
c. intransitive. In early use: (of a person's soul or life) to depart from the body. Later: (of a person) to die. Cf. to pass out at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 112 (MED) Graunt..rest & pese..to cristen soules passed away.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 844 (MED) When þe lyfe of hym passes oway, Þan es he noght bot erthe and clay.
c1500 Makculloch MS in G. S. Stevenson Pieces from Makculloch & Gray MSS (1918) v. 11 Tak heid..Quhow sone that thow may pas away.
1544 Protocol Bk. Sir J. Cristisone (1928) 88 Gif he passis auay within xiii ȝeirs [etc.].
a1608 A. Montgomerie Poems (1887) ii. 232 Thou knouis not weill vhen thou man pass away.
1625 T. Hawkins tr. Horace Odes (1631) iv. vii. 77 We are but dust; like shadows passe away.
1715 tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Exercise i. vii. 13 The Fair, the Black, the Learned, the Unlearned, do all pass away.
1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 366 Immediately as he uttered the words he passed away.
1911 J. M. Barrie Peter & Wendy xv. 258 There was no kennel, for Nana also had passed away.
1993 WWF Mag. Apr. 46/1 Ring announcer Howard Finkel announced that earlier in the day Andre the Giant had passed away.
d. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to elapse, come to an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 20858 (MED) Tyme passeþ faste awey.
a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 114 (MED) Þe day endyȝt and pasyȝt awey in þe west.
1666 Duchess of Newcastle Descr. New World i. 111 The time passed away faster than they expected.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 93. ¶2 The Moments that are to pass away before the happy Meeting.
1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. i. 146 The evening passed away in hilarity.
1890 Cent. Mag. Mar. 698/2 At least ten times ten centuries have passed away since [etc.].
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out viii. 108 The next few months passed away, as many years can pass away, without definite events.
1988 M. Lister Cornish Times Reflected (BNC) 38 A character and an era of Saltash history had passed away.
e. transitive. To spend or waste (time); to while away. Cf. sense 11c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
?1550 R. Weaver Lusty Iuventus sig. a.ii What shal I do now to passe away the day?
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxix Going than to Wittemberge they passed away the rest of the wynter there.
1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen vii. 140 And so we discoursing of our late Journey, passed away the time till we went to Bed.
a1706 Earl of Dorset in Earl of Rochester et al. Wks. (1718) 63 To pass our tedious Hours away.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Lett. 12 Aug. One day is passed away here very like its defunct predecessor.
1895 T. Hardy Jude iv. i. 252 To pass the time away he walked down to the level terrace.
1943 G. Greene Ministry of Fear i. iii. 43 One attended cinemas at ten in the morning with other men in macintoshes who had somehow to pass the time away.
1981 S. McAughtry Belfast Stories i. 52 They help to pass the time away while waiting for the slaughter to commence.
†2. transitive. To relinquish, surrender, or transfer away (a right, etc.); to convey (property, possessions, etc.) to another person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)]
forsakec893
forlet971
to reach upOE
agiveOE
yield?c1225
uptake1297
up-yield1297
yield1297
deliverc1300
to-yielda1375
overgivec1384
grant1390
forbeara1400
livera1400
forgoc1400
upgive1415
permit1429
quit1429
renderc1436
relinquish1479
abandonc1485
to hold up?1499
enlibertyc1500
surrender1509
cess1523
relent1528
to cast up?1529
resignate1531
uprender1551
demit1563
disclaim1567
to fling up1587
to give up1589
quittance1592
vail1593
enfeoff1598
revoke1599
to give off1613
disownc1620
succumb1632
abdicate1633
delinquish1645
discount1648
to pass away1650
to turn off1667
choke1747
to jack up1870
chuck up (the sponge)1878
chuckc1879
unget1893
sling1902
to jack in1948
punt1966
to-leave-
1650 Perfect Diurnall No. 5. 41 About ten daies ago a fellow was..noticed to profer in payment, and endeavour to passe away some quantity of Gold.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. viii. §116 Because our Fathers or Progenitors passed away their natural Liberty.
1697 J. Pollexfen Disc. Trade & Coyn 28 A Man that is to pass away Lands, or Goods.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 142 Riches are pass'd away from hand to hand.
 to pass by
1.
a. intransitive. To go or proceed past; to move on without stopping; to flow past. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)]
to come overeOE
passc1300
to pass byc1390
overwend?a1400
to go over1415
to pass througha1425
overdrawa1450
to make over1488
to get overa1500
transita1500
transire1592
to make through1606
transpass1626
to get through1694
c1390 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 1124 To Cristes chirche he dide greet honour, But I lete al this storie passen by [v.r. passen me by]—of Custaunce is my tale specially.
a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 35 (MED) Þoow þi dore stond wide open, flateres wole passen bi; jdel men with þer feet schul not defile þi þreschfold.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) 278 (MED) To a wode they wente in hye There the quene schulde passe by, And there stode they all stylle.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 301 The Englishmen passed by without anye approchyng.
1611 Bible (King James) Lament. i. 12 Is it nothing to you, all ye that passe by ? View more context for this quotation
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 398. ⁋1 He saw Robin the Porter..passing by.
1799 R. Southey Ruined Cottage in Wks. (1838) III. 32 The countrymen..leaning o'er the bridge,..would all look up When she pass'd by.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xix. 32 There twice a day the Severn fills, The salt sea-water passes by . View more context for this quotation
2000 Roofing Trades Jrnl. Jan. 28/2 Do not throw..slates, tiles etc from the roof or scaffold—someone may be passing by.
b. transitive. To go past without stopping, or without taking notice; to overlook, ignore, disregard. Cf. to pass over at Phrasal verbs 1.When the object comes after by (as in quot. 1742) rather than after pass, the construction can also be interpreted as an intransitive verb with a preposition and its object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > omit, pass over
forgetc950
overhipc1300
overgoa1382
overpassa1382
passa1382
to step over ——1387
to pass overc1390
overslipa1400
overskipc1400
overslide1488
overstartc1500
neglect1511
skip1531
to pass by1560
intermit1570
leap1600
overjump1604
jump1749
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15634 (MED) Quer i sal þis calice drinc, or i sal pass þar-bi?]
1560 Bible (Geneva) Prov. xix. 11 His glorie is to passe by an offence.
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 77 Better to wink at, and passe by an iniurie.
1677 A. Horneck Great Law Consideration (1704) v. 297 These observables are passed by as things out of his element.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. i. 3 But I pass by these and many others, to mention two Books lately published. View more context for this quotation
1788 Parl. Hist. XXVII. 22 Such officers as were passed by in a promotion of captains to flags.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Allegory in Posthumous Poems (1824) 197 Many passed it by with careless tread..But others..Pause to examine.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xiii. 278 That Eadward might rightly pass by an incompetent minor.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xlvii. 236 The fear seized him that love would pass him by.
1989 R. J. Smith Unknown CIA vii. 139 Though visibly unconvinced, he accepted our assurances and passed it by.
2. intransitive. Of time or a period of time: to elapse, come to an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time [verb (intransitive)] > expire or run out
to run outa1400
outrunc1425
to pass by1488
to draw by1850
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 2 Quhen passyt by the hycht was off the hette.
1532 Romaunt Rose in Wks. G. Chaucer f. cxxixv/2 For [er] men thynke it redily Thre tymes ben passed by.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 266 Now is past by the skant time of the ȝeir. Meit grew at large and vittaillis was not deir.
1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. 5 260 Let the foolish April-fool-day pass by.
1885 Manch. Weekly Times 20 June 5/5 A generation would pass by before the adversaries..would find their way back to power.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 10/1 Ten years have passed by since I first was swung between supporting posts in the white picket fence.
1990 Nat. Hist. June 6/2 Hardly a day passed by when this subject went unmentioned.
 to pass down
transitive. To hand down or bequeath (esp. to a later generation). Cf. hand v. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > cause to descend by succession [verb (transitive)] > cause to descend by inheritance
traduce1568
convey1592
bequeath1614
transmit1629
deduce1633
to hand down1722
to pass down1854
1854 M. J. Barry Waterloo Commemoration xx. 26 One at length fair England's crown Obtained, and to his line passed down.
1887 Times 28 Mar. 10/6 It is a matter of tradition, and is passed down from generation to generation.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 65/2 Even those of us who are descended from those women are still proud of them? Aren't we right to treasure the things they have passed down to us?
1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 113/1 A pram which has been passed down can be scrubbed and made to look like new.
2002 Isis 93 737/1 Maureen Lux combines ethnohistorical documents with oral tradition passed down to contemporary First Nations elders.
† to pass forth
Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To go out or away; to depart; (in later use poetic). Also: to go out of consideration. to pass forth of use: to go out of use, become obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > remain unused [verb (intransitive)] > fall into disuse or become obsolete
to pass forth of use1565
lapse1620
to play out1835
obsolesce1873
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2910 He sey þe contreys as he passede vorþ & destrued & bar in eche half.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 142 (MED) Forth he passede ate laste. Bot natheles, er he forth wente, A firy Dart me thoghte he hente.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5315 (MED) We liȝtly suffre her importable offence To passe forþe, and take of it noon hede.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 277 (MED) The saisnes than passed forth..and rode forth till thei com to the riche Citee of Clarence.
1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 332 Understanding the privilegis of the Scottis merchantis..to decay and pas furth of use in the partis of Flanderis.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. ix. 9 And as Jesus passed forth from thence, he saw a man named Matthew. View more context for this quotation
1854 L. C. Moulton This, That & Other 405 Her soul passed forth upon the wing of the tempest.
1888 E. Arnold With Sa'di in Garden 73 Those strong clattering hoofs Passed forth from ear-shot.
2. intransitive. To go forward, advance, spread; to continue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > progress or advance to another action
suea1200
goc1275
to pass forthc1384
proceeda1393
to go on1566
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds viii. 4 Thei that weren scaterid passyden forth [L. pertransibant], euangelisynge the word of God.
c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3370 This passeth forth, what wol ye bet than wel; Fro day to day this ioly Absolon So woweth hire, [etc.].
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 391 The yongest..say their opinions first, and so passe foorth in order vntill it come to the highest.
1850 R. W. Emerson Swedenborg in Representative Men iii. 125 What is real and universal..will pass forth into the common stock of wise and just thinking.
3. transitive. To spend (time or a period of time).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 73 She wyll wyth loue her grene flourynge age Passe forth in Ioye pleasure and courage.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Passe forth the day or tyme, Agitare diem, Exigere tempus.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 138 I will passe forth this day by litle and litle [L. paulatim hunc producam diem] with sipping and drinking.
 to pass in
transitive.
1. To hand in, return, or cash in (a form of currency). Chiefly figurative (colloquial) in to pass in one's cheques (U.S. checks), to pass in one's chips (U.S.), to pass in one's marble (Australian and New Zealand), also intransitive, to pass in: to die. Cf. check n.1 15, chip n.2 Phrases 4d, marble n. 11c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > hand over to another > hand in
to give in1602
to hand in1623
to pass in1869
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
1869 Overland Monthly July 31/2 Three or four miners and axemen sat whittling on the logs as the doctor came out; and Hy Fender asked: ‘Well, now; has he passed in his checks?’
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 332 One of the boys has passed in his checks and we want to give him a good send-off.
1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 108 I can..give you a cheque of my own made payable to yourself at sight.., and I will pass in the form myself next time I am down there.
1904 N.Y. Evening Jrnl. 3 May 2 ‘I may die,’ he told friends, ‘and I want to breathe American air again before I pass in.’
1907 C. E. Mulford Bar-20 xi. 130 He passed in his chips last night.
1908 Austral. Mag. 1 Nov. 1250 Instead of dying you can ‘chuck a seven’, ‘pass in your marble’, or ‘peg out’.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 406 Chum o yourn passed in his checks?
1936 J. A. McKenna Black Range Tales 56 Several cowboys passed in their chips in that snowstorm.
1951 D. Stivens Jimmy Brockett 304 I'm not going to pass in my marble just yet!
1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 177 Passed in his checks Died.
2. Australian and New Zealand. To withdraw (a lot) from an auction because of failure to reach the reserve price.
ΚΠ
1973 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 26 Aug. 23/2 The house was passed in at $37,000—the reserve was $42,000.
1987 Stock & Land (Melbourne) 25 June 13/3 The trade cleared 99 per cent of the 92,703 bales offered. The majority of the remainder was passed in.
2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June (Trader section) 35 (table) ‘Oriel’ Tottenham..Result..Passed in, now for sale at $370,000.
 to pass off
1.
a. transitive. To put into circulation, promote, or market, esp. deceptively; to present or sell (someone else's work or property) as one's own. With for or (now more usually) as. Cf. passing off n. at passing n. Phrases 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently
put1603
to bob off1605
to put off1612
impose1650
palm1679
sham1681
cog1721
slur1749
pawn1763
to play off1768
to pass off1799
to work off1813
to stall off1819
to fob off1894
1681 A. Behn 2nd Pt. Rover ii. Prol. Poets, like States-men, with a little change, Pass off old Politicks for new and strange.
1739 T. C. Pagett Dialogue in Hudibrasticks 7 The modish Ware so quickly sold, One would have sworn 'twas made of Gold: Sure it must be more Luck than Sleight, To pass off Pinchbeck Ore for right.
1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 297 They might be tempted to pass off for their own what they pick up from others.
1845 C. Beavan Rep. Cases in Chancery VI. 66 A party will not, therefore, be allowed to use names, marks, letters, or other indiciæ by which he may pass off his own goods to purchasers as the manufacture of another person.
1884 Law Times Rep. 51 222/2 The applicants..pass off their goods for those of the Baron de Geer.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 233/1 Wines from the Palatinate which under their own names would not sell out of Germany are often passed off as hocks.
1972 T. A. White & R. Jacob Kerly's Law of Trade Marks (ed. 10) xvi. 362 The question whether the use of particular words or badges is calculated to pass off the defendant's goods as those of the plaintiff is often one of difficulty.
1990 A. Kernan Death of Lit. vii. 170 Image makers pass off mediocrity for genius.
b. transitive. To cause (a person) to appear as or be accepted for someone else. Chiefly reflexive: to assume a false character or false identity as.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (reflexive)]
feign1297
abuse?a1439
counterfeit1610
personate1710
to pass off1770
to hold out1829
to work off1894
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)] > lay claim to, personate > cause to
personate1594
simulate1652
to pass off1770
1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. p.xx He passed them [sc. Gauls] off for prisoners from Germany.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas II. v. i. 257 He passed himself off for my servant.
1871 S. Smiles Character vi. 181 He does not seek to pass himself off as richer than he is.
1885 ‘H. Conway’ Family Affair I. i. 3 A child still young enough to be passed off as a child in arms.
1945 ‘G. Orwell’ in Tribune 9 Nov. 10/3 He..attempted to pass himself off as an ordinary soldier of the Wehrmacht.
2000 W. Self How Dead Live (2001) xv. 352 Charlotte..has no difficulty passing herself off as a goy.
2.
a. intransitive. To fall into disuse; to cease gradually to exist; to elapse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > be non-existent [verb (intransitive)] > end or cease to exist
tirec725
endOE
forfareOE
goc1175
fleec1200
to wend awayc1225
diea1240
to-melta1240
to pass awaya1325
flit1340
perishc1350
vanisha1375
decorre1377
cease1382
dispend1393
failc1400
overshakec1425
surcease1439
adrawc1450
fall1523
decease1538
define1562
fleet1576
expire1595
evanish1597
extinguish1599
extirp1606
disappear1623
evaporatea1631
trans-shift1648
annihilate1656
exolve1657
cancela1667
to pass off1699
to burn out, forth1832
spark1845
to die out1853
to come, go, etc. by the board1859
sputter1964
1699 T. Forrester Rev. & Exam. Scripture-grounds i. 10 in Hierarchical Bishops Claim Their office was extraordinary, and passed off like that of the Apostles with that first infant state and exigence of the Church.
1728 J. Thomson Spring 2 And see where surly Winter passes off, Far to the North, and calls his ruffian Blasts.
1861 F. W. Headland Med. Handbk. 160 Remittent fever instead of intermitting at distinct periods, passes off after a variable time, and then recurs.
1979 B. Bainbridge Another Part of Wood vii. 133 Love does exist... All I know is it passes off.
b. intransitive. Of a vapour or other substance: to leave or come away from, esp. by evaporation. Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away quietly or gradually (of things)
to-glidea1000
atslip?c1225
atslikec1400
to pass off1708
cut1836
silt1863
1708 J. Keill Acct. Animal Secretion i. 131 The Water passes off thro' the Pores or Excretory Ducts of the Plant.
1794 J. MacPhail Treat. Culture Cucumber 92 A little air was given to it to let the steam pass off.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 166 Openings, which allow the smoke to pass off into a low bell-chimney.
1860 Amer. Agriculturist Dec. 354/3 With proper heat, the liquid portion of their food, probably passes off in the form of vapor, leaving the more solid part as fæces.
1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 565 The cold lid re-condenses the vapour, which would otherwise escape with the nitrous fumes that pass off by the pipe.
1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) i. 38 Positively charged silver ions pass off, leaving the metal with a negative charge.
1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 106 The spiritual part of the being passes off like a scum, leaves absolutely no evidence or trace of its passage.
3. intransitive. Of a proceeding, social event, etc.: to be carried through and completed. Usually with modifying adverb or adjunct, expressing degree of success.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > go or proceed
yernc900
proceed?a1439
to pass off1752
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (intransitive)] > be carried out
to take placea1464
stand1488
to pass off1752
to rub off1784
to come off1826
1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote II. vii. ii. 127 Day's Journey passed off, without any Accident worthy relating.
1788 E. Sheridan Let. in Betsy Sheridan's Jrnl. (1986) vi. 141 Our day pass'd off very well—no awkwardness or unpleasantness of any kind.
1847 J. M. Hollingsworth Jrnl. 12 June (1923) 29 Gave the people here a splendid ball. Every thing passed of [sic] well.
1891 Leeds Mercury 2 May 6/3 The Labour Demonstrations throughout Europe yesterday passed off on the whole more peaceably than was anticipated.
1995 Independent 11 Oct. 2/3 We are quite confident this will pass off without trouble.
4. transitive. To ward off or deal with (a remark, threat, etc.) lightly, glibly, or humorously.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion
to put by1618
to put off1630
stave1646
parry1687
to pass off1811
to stall off1819
to stand off1871
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. ix. 195 Instead of an enquiry, she passed it off with a smile. View more context for this quotation
1890 A. Gissing Village Hampden III. xi. 238 The young man passed off lightly all such reference.
1938 S. Rosenzweig in H. A. Murray Explor. in Personality vi. 587 He..will pass off the frustration as lightly as possible.
1992 B. Adams Brought to Book 91 The tarot card..could have been passed off as a sick joke.
 to pass on
1. intransitive.
a. To proceed on one's way, to continue in one's actions; to continue, advance, or persist; to proceed to a further stage, progress. Of time: to elapse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)]
wadec1374
passc1387
proceeda1393
followa1400
to pass ona1400
to get forward1523
pace1597
step1599
to get on1655
to get along1768
to tide one's way1827
to come along1844
press1870
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
a1400 Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 990/395* (MED) It is nerhand night, And þe day is passed on.
c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 53 It es nought godys wille that we folowe the felynges of payne in sorowynge..for thaim, botte sodynlye passe on.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1098 So thys passed on all that wynter, with all maner of huntynge and hawkynge.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 142 The more time that passed one, the more &c.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xviii. 5 I will fetch a morsell of bread; and comfort ye your hearts, after that ye shall passe on . View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 15 Yea there, where very desolation dwells..She may passe on with unblench't majestie.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xvii. 104 An Idea of Motion not passing on, would perplex any one, who should argue from such an Idea, which is not better than an Idea of motion at rest.
1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 341 They then pass on rapidly to a high perpendicular steep of rocks.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 651 The optic neuritis is passing on to post-neuritic atrophy.
1935 E. Wallace & R. Curtis Mouthpiece i. 9 By now the woman has exhausted her credit in Vienna..and passed on to Budapest or somewhere.
2003 G. Shteyngart Russ. Debutante's Handbk. ii. vi. 60 And to what end? he thought before passing on to the Land of Nod.
b. To proceed from one existence or activity to another; spec. (euphemistic) to die.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
1805–20 W. Blake Jerusalem iii. Pl. 73 So Men pass on: but States remain permanent for ever.
1860 Ladies' Repository 20 277 Do they wait us there with changeless lore, The dear ones who passed on before?
1884 150th Anniv. Settlement of Boscawen & Webster, New Hampsh. 44 They have all passed on to become soldiers of the unseen army.
1930 ‘E. Queen’ French Powder Myst. xxxv. 274 Bernice [should] come in for a good share of Cyrus's estate when Cyrus should pass on.
1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh i. 89 Too late! The old Doc has passed on to his Maker.
1993 W. Baldwin Hard to catch Mercy xiii. 409 Blaine Fitchum was pumping my hand and expressing his unlimited admiration for the fine old gentleman who had passed on.
2. transitive. To send or hand to the next member of a series; to relay (a rumour, piece of information, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > transmit > pass on
transfude?a1475
derivea1530
transmit1629
derivate1643
to hand down1651
to hand on1685
to pass on1791
1791 ‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsemanship xvii. 78 No Vagrants past on.
1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. iii. 51 Each portion, while passing on the wave of molecular motion, adds the molecular motion given out during its own transformation.
1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xix. 171 The older boys had outgrowed their duds, an' they was passed on to me.
1941 Times 22 May (advt.) Magazines have always given the widest possible coverage, since they are passed on from hand to hand.
1995 C. Bateman Divorcing Jack xxvi. 222 He smiled brightly and clasped my hand. ‘Only joking. Don't pass it on.’
2003 Independent 17 Jan. i. 4/8 [He] went to meet the ‘Metric Martyr’ and pass on a message of support from his boss.
 to pass out
1.
a. intransitive. To go out through an opening, passage, etc. to pass out of: to leave, to issue from. to pass out of sight: to go beyond the reach of sight (also figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart from or leave [verb (transitive)]
leaveeOE
beleavea1250
devoidc1325
voidc1330
to pass out ofa1398
roomc1400
departa1425
avoid1447
ishc1450
part1496
quita1568
shrink1594
shifta1642
to turn out of ——1656
refraina1723
blow1902
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > through a passage
to pass outa1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 56 Ȝif he [sc. the stomach] were slider and smoþe withinne..mete schuld passe oute wiþoute defyenge.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 12127 How lange þi life sal laste or þou passe out of þis werde.
?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 104 (MED) So shall þe noyous wynd passe oute of þe stomake.
a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 142 (MED) Smoke in house, qhanne it pasyȝt nought redely out, is tokene of reyn.
1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 3 That he should passe out of Asia into Macedonia.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 412 Milke..is not mingled with the bloud, but passeth out by vrine pure and sincere.
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love ii. 26 Not a Ship shall pass out from any Port.
1689 T. Ken Articles of Visitation Diocess Bath & Wells in Prose Wks. (1838) 492 Tolling and ringing the bell..when any person is passing out of this life.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 155 In umbilical hernia the parts protruded pass out at the umbilicus.
1833 J. Keble Serm. (1848) I. 147 He may..pass out of this world, before he see any abatement in the triumph of disorder and irreligion.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 95 Love..Smote the chord of Self, that, trembling, pass'd in music out of sight.
1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 364 Tobacco..has almost passed out of sight as a therapeutic agent.
1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxviii With crossed ankles and sunken head, he sat as though all his life had passed out of him.
1958 Observer 25 May 11/3 The styling of clothes for small children has now passed out of the hands of British makers.
1993 Sci. Fiction Age Jan. 53/2 It passed out of sight of the pursuing ships.
b. intransitive. To complete a course of instruction successfully; to graduate, esp. from a military academy. Also transitive: to complete successfully (a course of instruction); to allow or enable (a person) to do this.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (intransitive)]
commencea1387
proceed1455
to pass master?1566
graduate1807
incept1852
to go out in the poll1889
to pass out1916
1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 28 July 4/7 Midshipman Robert W. Wood..passed out first in 1914 both in the college and in ships.
1920 Discovery Mar. 77/2 Airship pilots..are required to pass-out a course in free ballooning.
1967 S. Faessler in Atlantic Monthly Apr. 102/2 My plan, after being passed out of Grade VIII, was to go..to Harbord Collegiate.
1979 P. Nihalani et al. Indian & Brit. Eng. 137 This batch of students is due to pass out next month.
2000 Times 7 Aug. i. 18/3 A list of Officers who passed out and this term's prize winners follows.
†2. transitive. To spend the whole of (a period of time). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 55 The poore Sultan vtterly discouraged, returned againe to Constantinople, and there..passed out the rest of his daies.
3.
a. intransitive. To die. Cf. to pass away at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly U.S. regional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
c1867 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 49 [Tombstone inscription] Caroline wife of E. J. Langston born on March 23, 1833 Passed out Dec. 18, 1867.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 6 Mar. 2/1 Another [spirit] who ‘passed out’ with consumption is heard coughing.
1924 P. Marks Plastic Age i. 12 He left us a whole lot of jack when he passed out.
1968 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. 1966 xlvi. 28 Pass out, die—‘When he passed out, he was buried with his dogs.’
b.
(a) transitive. Australian colloquial. To knock unconscious. rare.
ΚΠ
1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands xii. 151 He promised to show Feathers a ‘boshter knack for passing out gazobs’.
(b) intransitive. colloquial. To faint; to lose consciousness. Also to pass out cold.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon
swotherc1000
swowa1250
swoonc1290
sweltc1330
trance1340
to fall on, in swowa1375
swapc1386
sound1393
dwelea1400
swaya1400
faintc1440
owmawt1440
swalmc1440
sweamc1440
syncopize1490
dwalm?a1513
swarf1513
swound1530
cothe1567
sweb1599
to go away1655
to die away1707
go1768
sink1769
sile1790
to pass out1915
to black out1935
1915 C. Mathewson Catcher Craig i. 9 They sure do work you hard over there. I worked in the stock-room one summer and nearly passed out!
1924 P. Marks Plastic Age xxii. 254 A man ‘passed out cold’ and had to be carried from the gymnasium.
1935 J. T. Farrell Guillotine Party & Other Stories 191 Young Johnny Herbert had gotten drunk for the first time in his life and he'd passed out like a light.
a1953 E. O'Neill Hughie (1962) 22 I got scared he'd pass out with excitement.
1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses i. iii. 52 Five hours after she entered his dressing-room they were in bed, and he passed out. When he awoke she explained.
4. transitive. Chiefly U.S. To hand out, distribute.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)]
britteneOE
to-dealeOE
dealOE
britOE
setc1275
dispensec1374
dispendc1375
to-seta1387
dispone1429
disposec1430
sparple1435
demean1439
distributea1464
distribue1477
issuec1484
communy1530
to deal out1535
impart1545
disperse1555
retail1576
digest1578
deliver1626
to hand out1648
to dispose of1676
dispensate1701
dole1701
to give out1710
sling1860
to give away1889
to pass out1926
dish1934
1926 Publishers' Weekly 10 July 116 Librarians..are eager and willing to pass out catalogs that have won their confidence.
1978 Detroit Free Press 2 Apr. 8 e/1 Allow the ATF to lift licenses from dealers at any time.., as well as pass out $10,000 fines.
1995 Time 20 Nov. 112/2 She passed out leaflets on street corners.
5. transitive. Bridge. To make (the last bid made in an auction) the contract by declining to bid three times in succession. Also: to make no positive bid at all in (a hand). Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > bid > types of bid
overbid1887
double1894
redouble1894
to go back1900
pre-empt1913
rebid1914
S.O.S.1926
overcall1927
cue-bid1932
psych1932
to sign off1932
reverse1939
sacrifice1952
to pass out1959
stop1959
underbid1974
under-call-
1959 Listener 19 Mar. 530/3 The fourth hand bid Three Spades which was passed out.
1960 T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese 91 Partner now surprises me by going five hearts. That is passed out.
1977 Bridge Mag. Sept. 142/1 The Hungarian East opened one diamond third in hand and it was passed out.
2002 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 15 July 4 Your opening bid of one no-trump is passed out.
 to pass over
1.
a. intransitive. To go across or beyond; to cross to the other or opposite side; (figurative) to change from one state or condition to another; (Chemistry, of a substance) to vaporize during distillation and condense in a receiving vessel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > across
to pass overc1300
cross1486
thwarta1552
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1140 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 139 (MED) Þare he was neiȝ þe se i-novȝ, he..a-waitede is point to passi ouer.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 157v He [sc. the sea] is y-stent & yholde in by oþer þinges, so þat he passeþ [read passeþ not] eseliche ouer by boundes of his owne clyfes.
c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 61 (MED) Thei sought & founde an olde planke that lay ouer a diche by the which men passid ouer.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 45127 In sax schippis tha passit ouir at Dover.
1611 Bible (King James) Deut. iii. 18 Ye shall passe ouer armed before your brethren the children of Israel. View more context for this quotation
1651 J. French Art Distillation vi. 196 Adde the tartarizated quintessence, yet so that..that passe over with it.
1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi vii. App. 66/1 She stole along by the River side, until she came to a Boom, where she passed over.
1789 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 307 The volatile alkali..will frequently pass over in great quantities undecomposed.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 601 The hope that some of those regiments which he had formerly commanded would pass over to his standard.
1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 25 After lining the inner surface of the lids, it [sc. the mucous membrane] passes over to the ball, forming a loose fold.
1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. 238 Traces of the oxychloride will occasionally pass over in the vapour of the acid chloride.
1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xvi. 142 I just couldn't get the clamps on my hilarity which had passed over into near-hysteria.
†b. transitive. To convey or transport across a river, etc. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across
overcarrya1382
to set overc1540
to put over1569
to take over1573
traject1635
put1636
cross1804
to pass over1832
to get across1909
1832 N. Wyeth Jrnl. 18 June in Corr. & Jrnls. (1899) 157 Reached the place for fording the platte. 19th, Passed over my goods during a severe wind without accident.
2. intransitive. Of an event or a period of time: to go by, elapse, come to an end; to be forgotten.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xv. 1 So þez þingez past ouer [a1425 L.V. weren don], þe word of þe lord was ymade to Abram by auisioun.
c1475 Brome Abraham & Isaac in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 49 Syn yt may be noo other wysse, Let yt passe ouer as wyll as I.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 271 This passit our quhill diuers dayis war gane.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 382 Lett that Parliament pas ower..then should the religioun..be establessed.
1659 H. Plumptre Let. in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 6 Wishing that all your yeares yet to come may passe over with mirth and jollityes.
1794 W. Blake Urizen iv, in Compl. Writings (1972) 228 And a second Age passed over, And a state of dismal woe.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiv. 250 The night passed over without any trouble.
1878 R. L. Stevenson in London 6 July 10/1 The journey passed over without much incident.
1994 Arena Sept. 64 Still, the scandal eventually passed over.
3.
a. transitive. To pass (a thing) without touching it, or without remark or notice, esp. in narration; to omit, to disregard; to ignore the claims of (a person) to promotion or advancement; to overlook in selection for a special post or duty.When the object comes after over, the construction can also be interpreted as an intransitive verb with a preposition and its object, as in the literal he passed over the bridge. Cf. overpass v., which was originally the form of pass over used in certain verbal constructions (cf. over- prefix).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > omit, pass over
forgetc950
overhipc1300
overgoa1382
overpassa1382
passa1382
to step over ——1387
to pass overc1390
overslipa1400
overskipc1400
overslide1488
overstartc1500
neglect1511
skip1531
to pass by1560
intermit1570
leap1600
overjump1604
jump1749
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject or cast off a person > ignore the claims of or pass over
to pass overc1390
supersede1710
c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 303 This is a pitous tale for to heere, But nathelees, passe ouer, is no fors.
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 898 Passe ouer this; I go my tale vn to.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 226 (MED) Poul passiþ over þes two vertues and praieþ after charite.
a1500 Let. Alexander l. 44 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 119 And now nat in manyfold writynges the former deedis now bifore knowen I passe over.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Biiiiv I wyll passe ouer the cyrcumstaunce And shortly shewe you the hole substaunce.
1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 54 The matter of Yelverton is of such ymportaunce as yt cannot be paste over.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 1. ¶3 As for the rest of my Infancy... I shall pass it over in Silence.
a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1847) I. 99 Even the black Princes widow..was passed over and her son regented by his Uncles.
1839 G. P. R. James Gentleman of Old School II. ii. 48 This gross offence..was not to be passed over.
1890 T. W. Reid Monckton Milnes I. viii. 360 He had again been disappointed in his justifiable expectation of office, Peel having once more passed him over.
1929 Amer. Mercury Jan. p. xii Mr. Lipsky's account..is full of matter that is passed over gingerly in the usual biographies.
1992 Opera News Nov. 30/3 When it was passed over for a Pulitzer Prize, Bolcom became more famous for losing than the winner..did for winning.
b. transitive. To let (an offence) go unpunished; to disregard; to avoid mentioning or considering. Also †intransitive: to go unpunished (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > forgive [verb (transitive)] > specifically an offence
forgiveOE
atletc1200
to pass overa1425
sparea1425
remit1457
dispense1563
dismissa1616
condonate1656
condone1851
to look over ——1887
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. xix. 11 The teching of a man is knowun bi pacience, and his glorie is to passe ouere wickid thingis.
1566 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 470 Wordis of dishonour..quhilk aucht nocht to pas owir untryit and unpuneist.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xix. 11 It is his glory to passe ouer a transgression. View more context for this quotation
1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 47 Never to pass over any disrespect from the amildars to the officers.
1855 E. Forbes Lit. Papers vi. 176 We like this book too well to permit us to pass over a fault unscolded.
1882 Cent. Mag. May 145/1 His unjudicial, or, to put it more accurately, his fiercely partisan, temper may be passed over.
1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxxii. 787 He would pass over an insult to his daughter sooner than lose a good charwoman for his wife.
1991 Argus (Cape Town) 11 Apr. 17/7 These unsavoury shenanigans might ordinarily be passed over as the roisterous behaviour of just another old roue.
†4. transitive. To surpass; = overpass v. 8a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)]
overstyeOE
overshinec1175
overgoc1225
passc1225
surmountc1369
forpassc1374
overmatcha1375
overpassa1382
to pass overa1393
overcomec1400
outpass?a1425
exceedc1425
precedec1425
superexcelc1429
transcendc1430
precel?a1439
outcut1447
overgrowc1475
to come over ——a1479
excel1493
overleapa1500
vanquish1533
outweigh1534
prevent1540
better1548
preferc1550
outgo1553
surpassa1555
exsuperate1559
cote1566
overtop1567
outrun1575
outstrip1579
outsail1580
overruna1586
pre-excel1587
outbid1589
outbrave1589
out-cote1589
top1590
outmatch1593
outvie1594
superate1595
surbravec1600
oversile1608
over-height1611
overstride1614
outdoa1616
outlustrea1616
outpeera1616
outstrikea1616
outrival1622
antecede1624
out-top1624
antecell1625
out-pitch1627
over-merit1629
outblazea1634
surmatch1636
overdoa1640
overact1643
outact1644
worst1646
overspana1657
outsoar1674
outdazzle1691
to cut down1713
ding1724
to cut out1738
cap1821
by-pass1848
overtower1850
pretergress1851
outray1876
outreach1879
cut1884
outperform1937
outrate1955
one-up1963
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 4110 (MED) Sche was..a goddesse, And what hir liste..Sche dede..That passeth over manneskinde.
5. transitive. To hand over to another; to transfer. (literal and figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > hand over to another
i-taechec888
outreacheOE
sellc950
beteacha1000
areachc1000
turnc1175
handsellc1225
betakec1250
deliverc1300
beken1330
yielda1382
disposec1384
resigna1387
livera1400
to turn overa1425
deputea1440
overgive1444
quit?c1450
surrend1450
surrender1466
renderc1480
to give over1483
despose1485
refer1547
to pass over1560
to set over1585
behight1590
tip1610
consign1632
delegate1633
skink1637
to hand over1644
delate1651
to turn off1667
to turn in1822
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccvjv [They] leauing behinde them no children, passed ouer the gouernment to their yongest brother.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xiv. f. 89/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I But then I should exceede the lymittes of a description, wherfore I passe it ouer vnto other.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 687 This house..satisfied the said Sir Richard; who thereupon past it ouer to Q. Mary.
1774 R. Cumberland Note of Hand ii. 45 Sunderland put it into my hands as a money-bill: in my confusion I passed it over to an Irish tenant.
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 583 Geology here passes over the continuation of the history of man to Archaeology.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage cxiii. 601 Philip passed his pouch over to 'Erb and they lit their pipes.
1996 Wanderlust Oct. 10/3 The yogi..brought out the uppermost part of a skull, and passed it over to me.
6. intransitive. figurative. To die.Associated esp. with Spiritualism (cf. sense 6b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 220 When the Day that he must go hence, was come, many accompanied him to the River side, into which, as he went, he said, Death, where is thy Sting... So he passed over, and the Trumpets sounded for him on the other side. View more context for this quotation]
1897 I. W. Rogerson Victorian Triumph (1898) 151 His loved ones passed over, one by one, To the mansions prepared on high.
1909 Rev. of Reviews Feb. 123/2 His automatic writing..came..through the same friend through whom he has constantly communicated ever since he passed over.
1958 C. Watson Coffin scarcely Used ii. 18 If the living's good and bad mixed, then those who've passed over are two sorts as well.
1986 U. Holden Tin Toys (1987) xi. 121 They were sent for when loved ones passed over, their piety and taste were famed.
 to pass through
intransitive. To continue on one's or its course through a place or along a street; to go through a passage, opening, etc. Cf. sense 19a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)]
to come overeOE
passc1300
to pass byc1390
overwend?a1400
to go over1415
to pass througha1425
overdrawa1450
to make over1488
to get overa1500
transita1500
transire1592
to make through1606
transpass1626
to get through1694
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) 161 (MED) In a frith I fand a strete..Nerehand al day I rade þareyn, And thurgh I past with mekyl payn.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxviii. 102 Ffor syk maner of vomytis purgis the stomak with less wering na dois purgaciouns yat passis throu be art of medicynis of all euill humouris.
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 240 His Heart lies open..for all the Sin and Villainy in the World freely to pass through.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Dream Fair Women xxvii, in Poems (new ed.) 129 Pass freely thro'! the wood is all thine own.
1937 A. J. Cronin Citadel i. ii. 19 I realise you're just passing through on your way to Harley Street.
1946 A. Christie Hollow xiii. 116 Henrietta went to the french windows, opened them, and passed through.
1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life 3 At night a freight train passed through on its way to Birmingham.
 to pass up
Originally U.S.
transitive. To renounce or forgo (an opportunity, prospect, etc.); to reject on the terms offered.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > decline to receive or accept
forsakea800
refusec1400
renayc1400
repelc1443
reject1532
disavow1579
balk1587
deny1590
disaccept1647
to pass up1896
to turn down1900
1896 G. Ade Artie xii. 112 Well, I guess I'll pass up the whole thing.
1906 H. D. Pittman Belle of Bluegrass Country vii. 108 ‘I know’, he continued, ‘when I've got enough. I pass this little town up.’
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water xi. 188 And those jewels? You're really going to pass them up?
1964 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 6 July (1970) 175 When Lyndon insisted that I go over to the Scharnhorst Ranch with him, it was one last chance that I couldn't pass up.
1976 Daily Tel. 26 Oct. 17/1 He had passed up a job offer with a large accounting firm to cruise the South Seas.
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Apr. d6/4 The gumbo of the day, with andouille, duck and tasso ham, sounded too good to pass up.
PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses.Pass (intransitive or transitive) may be followed by any preposition of motion or direction, with its object, both words having their own senses. Sometimes the preposition appears to be more closely associated with the verb, so as to form with it a verbal phrase (often expressible by a single verb with its object). Thus to pass across = to cross, to pass down = to descend, to pass into = to enter, etc. Of these the following are the more important. to pass beyond ——
intransitive. To pass the limits of; to exceed, transcend.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > go beyond (bounds)
transcenda1340
exceedc1374
overwenda1375
overpassa1382
passc1390
to pass beyond ——1429
outreacha1568
overlash1581
pretergress1583
outrun1589
overslipa1592
surpass1592
to step over ——1599
outstep?1611
outstrip1612
overrun1612
outpass1635
pose1636
over-burst1856
overact1858
overstride1925
1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 359/2 Be itt ordeined yat no manere shippman straungier..ne yaim leede oute of yis Roiaume unto any oyer parties beyonde ye See bott oonly to ye Staple at Caleys, salvyng swich as..shall passe beyonde ye distroites of Marrok.
1657 J. Harington Hist. Polindor & Flostella (ed. 3) iii. 137 He..had bound himself by suddain Vow, beside, Never to pass beyond that watry Bay.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xv. 93 It [sc. the mind] can proceed and pass beyond all those lengths.
1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly II. xv. 136 This agony had already passed beyond the limits of endurance.
1820 J. Keats Lamia ii, in Lamia & Other Poems 29 His spirit pass'd beyond its golden bourn Into the noisy world.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 257 No effort of reflection will enable us to pass beyond the limits of our own faculties.
1935 Motion Picture Nov. 81/1 That keen humor..has passed beyond our ken.
1993 B. Wood Rebel Angel (BNC) 233 They had long since passed beyond defiance and hope.
 to pass by ——
intransitive.
†1. To go through or by way of; to go down (a street). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xliv. 2 This ȝate shal be closid..and a man shal not passe by [a1425 L.V. passe thorou; L. transibit per] it.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1843 (MED) Wher as sche passeth be the strete, Ther was ful many a tymber bete.
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) 600 (MED) He passed many high mowntayne..Til he come to þat leþir sty Þat him byhoved pass by.
a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 55 (MED) It is more hesy..a chamel to pasyn be the nedelys eye.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxi [They] assauted the Alyens as they passed by the stretes.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 141 As we came to this citie we passed by Lions, where we soiourned twoo daies.
2. To go past; = sense 10a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > move past
apassc1330
passc1330
to pass by ——c1395
to go byc1449
to come byc1450
to go (also flow, run, etc.) past1542
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7267 Þai..sei ȝen paiens..Al day passen hem forbi.]
c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1585 Thanne sholde he se ful many a figure pace By his mirour.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 52 I supposed to haue passed by hym peasibly toward this feste.
a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 64 (MED) As Jhesu passed by me, y cryed wyth an hygh voyce and seyde, ‘Jhesu, sone of Dauyd, haue mercy on me.’
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 39 Please it our generall passe strangely by him: As if he were forgot. View more context for this quotation
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer ii. i As he passed by my window the last training-day.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 63. ¶6 I heard several double Rhymes as I passed by them.
1769 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 182 Lord Chatham passed by my door on Friday morning.
1898 I. Zangwill Dreamers of Ghetto 237 We passed by the village Beth-Hamidrash.
1934 H. Haslund Tents in Mongolia vi. 59 We passed by two colossal heaps of stones.
1993 W. Baldwin Hard to catch Mercy iii. 63 We passed by a number of sorry cabins and small clearings.
 to pass over ——
intransitive.See also to pass over 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.
1.
a. To cross above or on the surface of (a sea, river, etc.); to cross, traverse; = sense 17a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > traverse a distance or ground
runeOE
overcomeOE
meteOE
through-gangOE
passc1300
to pass over ——c1300
overpassc1325
tracec1381
travela1393
traverse?a1400
travelc1400
measure?a1425
walkc1450
go1483
journey1531
peragrate1542
trade1548
overspin1553
overtrace1573
tract1579
progress1587
invade1590
waste1590
wear1596
march1606
void1608
recovera1625
expatiate1627
lustrate1721
do1795
slip1817
cover1818
clear1823
track1823
itinerate1830
betravel1852
to roll off1867
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 672 He heþte..seyles drawe to toppe, leten lade þane wind, passi ouer bieres [c1275 Calig. liðem mid þan uðen].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10120 (MED) Do me to passe þe dikes [v.r. diches] ouer.
c1450 (?a1400) Sege Melayne (1880) 878 (MED) To Charls now will I torne agayne Þat passes ouer Mountayne & playne.
a1500 Legend of Cross in Medium Ævum (1965) 34 221 (MED) That qwene..passed over that brooke.
1589 R. Grenville in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations 735 Iohn White in another ship boate passed ouer the water from Ococon to the mayne land.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iii. 17 It was a Louer, and his lasse,..That o're the greene corne feild did passe. View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 2 Before we came into the Town we passed over five Draw-Bridges.
1749 Apol. Life Bampfylde-Moore Carew 125 Passing over this Ferry they came into Rhode Island.
1809 Tales of Other Realms II. 135 In about two hours we passed over a covered bridge.
1874 J. W. Draper Hist. Confl. Relig. & Sci. vi. 161 The distance passed over in a voyage from Italy to the Gulf of Guinea.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. v. [Lotus Eaters] 74 With careful tread he passed over a hopscotch court.
2000 Guardian (Dar es Salaam) 4 Apr. 10/2 A powerful cyclone passed over the northern tip of Madagascar.
b. figurative. To affect; to envelop or afflict; (of an expression, feeling, etc.) to appear briefly on (a person's face).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
1790 A. W. Radcliffe Sicilian Romance II. xi. 73 A faint smile passed over her countenance, and was succeeded by a fine devotional glow.
1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama xix. 204 The womanly pang past over Kailyal's mind.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 122 O'er thy people and city, alas! what sorrows have passed.
1937 W. Lewis Revenge for Love i. v. 52 A cloud passed over his face.
1994 Amer. Spectator Mar. 49/2 A broad smile then passed over the President's face.
†c. To sweep or brush one's hand across. poetic. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (transitive)] > pass the hand over
to run over ——1667
to pass over ——1805
1805 R. Southey Madoc i. xiv. 144 He took the harp..and, passing o'er its chords, Made music.
1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia iii. 52 So sigh we, passing o'er the solemn strings.
†2. To spend (time or a period of time); = sense 11c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1887 (MED) The queene..passeth over thilke nyht Til it was on the morwe liht.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. i. 20 So that the reste of the life be passed ouer after the rule of Christ.
1577 tr. ‘F. de L'Isle’ Legendarie sig. Aviij He neuer medled with matters of estate but passed ouer his time in pleasure.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 198 Many times he pass'd over the Winter therein.
1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion iv. 45 Would I had been born a Fool! I might then have been happy: Patiently have pass'd over the many tedious Nights I have indured in your absence.
 to pass through ——
1.
a. intransitive. To make or force a passage through; to penetrate or pierce (esp. the body or a part of it). Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through
smitec1275
to pass through ——c1330
traverse?a1400
transpiercec1604
pervade1656
bore1716
needle1813
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 8830 (MED) Þurth þe hert þat ysen cheld Pased and kest him in þe feld.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 602 (MED) He felt þoruȝ his herte pace Þe percyng stremys of hir eyen two.
a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 133 (MED) Thorow thi sowle schall a scharp swyrd pace.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 654/2 He passed thorowe his harnesse and his bodye at one shotte.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 211 No man is able to passe through the secrets of Art,..unlesse he first overcome the pompe of vaine glorie.
1766 T. Francklin Earl of Warwick v. ii. 59 Who pierces Edward's breast, Must pass through mine.
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters III. xv. 199 The thrust was given, and the weapon appeared to pass through his body.
1885 U. S. Grant Personal Mem. I. xx. 279 A musket ball entered the room, struck the head of the sofa, passed through it and lodged in the foot.
1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood v. 174 She had run this distance and jumped a high fence after one of the buckshot had passed through her heart.
2002 ‘H. Hill’ Flight from Deathrow l. 288 It [sc. the bullet] entered under the seventh right rib, passed through the right lung, entered the inferior vena cava.
b. transitive. To cause (something) to go through; to put, thrust, or impel through.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through > pass through with difficulty
to pass through ——1530
squeeze1704
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through > cause to pass through
pass1530
to pass through ——1530
to get through1813
thread1851
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 654/2 I passe thorowe, as spyce..thorowe a sarce, or pepyr thorowe the querne, or meale thorowe a boulter.
1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. (1719) II. 30 He passed the cautery through them, and accordingly crimpled them up.
1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 50 Powder it, and pass it through a Renge or fine Seive.
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 67 The ground becomes frequently so hard, that twenty oxen are not sufficient to pass a plough through it.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 848 The preparations being much reduced in virulence by passing the culture through rabbits.
1924 M. L. Milne Home of Eastern Clan iii. 47 A string is passed through the holes.
1996 Vermont Life Autumn 94/3 To lock our bikes, we passed our cable lock through both bike frames.
2.
a. intransitive. To cross, traverse; to get or go through; spec. to travel through (a place) without stopping at it; (also) to visit briefly. Also figurative: to occur to or be considered by (the mind).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > cross or pass over
overstyeOE
overleapeOE
overfareOE
overgoc1225
passc1300
overpassa1382
to pass through ——a1382
overlendc1450
overmetec1480
overspana1522
cross1583
transpass1626
overwenda1649
overmarcha1805
peregrinate1835
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through
to pass through ——a1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. lxii. 10 Passeþ, passeþ þurȝ [a1425 L.V. passe ȝe bi; L. transite per] þe ȝatis; greiþeþ weye to þe lord.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6265 (MED) Þe see on aiþer side þam stod Als walles tua..Til þai war passed thoru þat flod.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 319 That he wes passit throu all Irland Fra end till end.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 122 It chaunced him that as he passed through Oxfoorde, the schollers picked a quarrell vnto his seruauntes.
1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 318 All the Idea's which passe thorow our mindes.
1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. App. 352 Sometimes in filtration, some of the thinner parts of the oyl have unperceivedly passed through the paper.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 44. ⁋4 On Saturday last he passed through Staines.
1734 Builder's Dict. Axis of a Conic Section, is a quiescent Right Line passing through the Middle of the Figure, and cutting all the Ordinates at Right Angles.
1766 T. Jefferson Let. 25 May in Papers (1950) I. 19 Being unacquainted with the ford, I passed through water so deep as to run over the cushion as I sat on it.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xii. 230 Perhaps you would not mind passing through London, and seeing the inside of St George's, Hanover-Square. View more context for this quotation
1881 Lady Monkswell Diary 12 Nov. in Victorian Diarist (1944) 96 When I passed through New York before I had not noticed the Chinese laundries.
1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 203/2 A thought tragic and revengeful passed through her mind.
1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square xiv. 244 They passed through Filipstad, with its wooden houses,..and began to climb a pine-bordered road.
1992 S. S. Hall Mapping Next Millennium (1993) x. 208 The true magnitude of this emerging picture..began to take shape in early 1983, when Michael Akam passed through Basel and gave a seminar on his Ultrabithorax work.
b. intransitive. To undergo, experience (a period, stage, process, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > undergo or experience
feelOE
seeOE
passa1325
provec1330
attastec1374
wielda1375
tastec1380
sufferc1390
to pass through ——c1400
expert?a1475
traverse1477
experiment1484
savour1509
to taste of1526
to go through ——1535
sustain1575
approve1578
try1578
experience1588
undergo1600
to run through ——1602
pree1806
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > have experience of [verb (intransitive)]
wita1400
to pass through ——c1400
to live and learnc1620
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. viii. 11 Kinges &kniȝtes þat kepen holy chirche..Han pardoun þoruȝ purcatorie to passe wel sone.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. iv. 211 Golde which hath often passed through the fire, keepes his colour.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 128 Men having passed thorough all sorts of animalls at last became Gods.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 115. ¶5 How many Hands must they pass through before they are fit for Use?
1747 Gentleman's Mag. July 325/1 Having pass'd thro' his Degrees in Arts, he became domestick Chaplain to Dr Tho. Smith.
1802 J. West Infidel Father II. 157 He is said to have passed through the ordeal of a military life with high respectability.
1865 R. W. Dale Jewish Temple xxi. 233 We..are passing through times of speculative unbelief.
1922 C. A. Cotton Geomorphol. N.Z. i. xxviii. 415 The coast has passed through the stage of youth and has become sub-mature.
2003 Church Times 7 Mar. 28/3 The so-called ‘stages’ that the dying and the bereaved are supposed to pass through.
c. transitive. In certain pagan or superstitious rites: to guide (a person) through (an opening in a natural object such as a cleft tree or a rock) in order to guard against or absorb illness. Also intransitive: to go ritually through (such an opening).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [verb (intransitive)] > pass through (as healing ritual)
to pass through ——1804
1804 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 909/1 Rowe's son was passed through the present tree in 1792, at the age of one or two.
1870 Harper's New Monthly Mag. 41 734/2 A child with rupture is taken to a young oak, which being split in two lengthwise and the rent held open, the child is passed through naked.
1900 Geogr. Jrnl. 16 45 The funeral procession climbed the mound on which the ceremony was situated, passing through the V of the cleft stick in single file.
1913 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Balder the Beautiful (ed. 3) II. xi. 184 Consumptive patients used to be healed by passing thrice through a circular wreath of woodbine.
1968 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 112 391/1 Prevention of disease by passing through seems more pronounced in passing through stones than in other kinds of rituals involving passing through.
† to pass with ——
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To have done with; to take no notice of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)]
fordita800
forheedc1275
forget1297
to let out ofa1300
spele1338
to go beside ——a1382
waivec1400
remiss?a1425
to go by ——?c1450
misknowledge?a1475
misknow1483
misken1494
to go besides ——1530
to let pass1530
unregard1545
unmind1562
overlook1570
mislippen1581
suspend1581
omit1589
blanch1605
to blow off1631
disregard1641
to pass with ——1641
to give (a person or thing) the go-by1654
prescind1654
nihilify1656
proscribe1680
unnotice1776
ignore1795
to close one's mind1797
cushion1818
to leave out in the cold1839
overslaugh1846
unheed1847
to write off1861
to look through ——1894
scrub1943
1641 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 27 Neither have they gratifyed the kinge with the release of the lo. Montrosse or with the passing with the Ea. of Traquaire.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

passprep.adv.

Brit. /pɑːs/, /pas/, U.S. /pæs/, Caribbean English /paːs/
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: past prep. and adv.
Etymology: Representing a Caribbean pronunciation of past prep. and adv. with loss of final -t.
Caribbean.
A. prep.
Past (in space or time); beyond; after.
ΚΠ
1896 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 9 121 As him walk pass de cubbud him smell de boil' fowl.
1972 Express (Port of Spain, Trinidad) 19 Mar. 22 My watch..read 17 minutes pass 1 a.m.
1989 O. Senior Arrival of Snake-woman (1997) 8 An her hair..long down clear pass her bottom.
1994 P. Powell Small Gathering of Bones 77 Him slip it on the kitchen table and walk pass it several times, eyeing it from different angles.
B. adv.
Past; ago.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > ago
agoc1350
sitha1375
hencea1382
sithena1400
agone1420
sin1490
sithence1537
since1555
syne1573
ygo1579
aback1768
back1797
pass1971
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > past
forthbyc1386
herebyc1400
besidec1450
besides1619
past1790
pass1971
1971 A. Clarke When he was Free & Young 42 Your mother..make me a silk shirt two months pass.
1980 Court Rec. (Tobago) in R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (1996) (at cited word) Did you see anyone go pass?
1994 P. Powell Small Gathering of Bones 80 A bull-doggish-looking fellow trudge pass, glancing at them only briefly.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : † pass-comb. form
<
n.1a1393n.2?1440n.31481n.41555adj.1840v.c1225prep.adv.1896
see also
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