| 释义 |
parchmentn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parchemin. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French parchemin (11th cent. as parcamin ‘skin treated for writing’; also Anglo-Norman and Old French perchemin , Old French pergamin , parcemin , parkemin ; 1205–50 as parchemin in sense ‘text written on parchment’) < an unattested altered (masculine) form of post-classical Latin pergamena (also pergamina ; a636 in Isidore), use as noun (short for pergamena charta ) of classical Latin Pergamēna , feminine of Pergamēnus (adjective) of or belonging to Pergamum , a city of Mysia in Asia Minor (see Pergamene n. and adj.), where the preparation of parchment was said to have originated. Compare Hellenistic Greek Περγαμηνή, use as noun of feminine singular of Περγαμηνός Pergamene, Byzantine Greek Περγαμηνά, neuter plural. Compare post-classical Latin pergamenum, pergaminum, neuter (5th–6th cent.; frequently from c1000 in British sources), Old Occitan pergamen (1053), pergami, Catalan pergamí (1271 as pragamí), Spanish pergamino (1220), †pargamino (1250), Portuguese pergaminho (1319), Italian pergamena (a1313; 1211 in sense ‘document written on parchment’), also Middle Dutch pargameen, perchemein, Old High German pergamīn (Middle High German pergamen, German †Pergamen).Old French shows a further change (also seen in post-classical Latin percaminum (late 13th cent. in a British source), percamenum (frequently 1218–1452 in British sources; also as parcamenum ), and in Dutch: see below), of original g to c (which before a became ch- in French and thence in English); this probably results from analogy with post-classical Latin parthica pellis Parthian leather (see partan n.; > Old French parche (12th cent.)). The later English forms in -ment (see β. forms) are influenced by a post-classical Latin variant pergamentum (from 11th cent. in British sources) with alteration of the ending (compare -ment suffix). This form has no descendants in the Romance languages, but it was borrowed into other Germanic languages; compare Middle Dutch percament , pargament (Dutch perkament ), Middle Low German pergament , pargament , Middle High German pergament , perchamint (German Pergament ). Earlier currency (in the β. forms) is suggested by the surname Walterus Perchamunt (1200). society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > skin (vellum or parchment) > [noun] > parchment α. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) 1384 (MED) Þe king Ermin Þe sente þis letter in parchemin. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 1134 Polysed als playn as parchmen schaven. c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 337 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 450 Sone askyt he..pene, Ink, and parchemyne. 1512 c. 19 §10 The seid Commissioners shall delyver by one parte of theyr wrytyng in parchemyn triplicate..the hole some. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy ii. f. 21 Thicker then double parchmine. 2. society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on parchment society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > skin (vellum or parchment) > [noun] > parchment > piece of α. a1350 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 25 (MED) Heo pynkes wiþ heore penne on heore parchemyn [rhyme yn]. a1425 (?a1350) (Galba) (1907) 3337 Þe knight toke vp þe parchemyne, And red þe Franche, ful fayre and fyne. ?a1425 (?c1350) (Rawl.) 2840 (MED) Sir Pilate þan a letter wrate..Grew, Ebrew, and Latyne Was wryten in þe parchemyne. society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > certificate attesting a fact 1851 38 93 [The boy] had just obtained his ‘parchment’ from an eastern college. 1888 C. M. Yonge ii. 14 She had been two years from her training college, and had an excellent parchment and report from the place she had left. 1914 ‘Bartimeus’ xxii. 206 The sailor himself..describes his Certificate as his ‘Discharge’. In Accountant circles in which the thing circulates it is known as a ‘Parchment’. A Service Certificate..is a double sheet of parchment with printed headings, foolscap size. 1962 W. Granville 86/1 Parchment, naval rating's service certificate on which his character and abilities are assessed by the commanding officer of each ship in which he has served. 1988 M. Binchy vi. 162 He had stood at the back of the hall and..shouted as she went to receive her parchment. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > covering or skin the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > coffee bean or plant > [noun] > coffee bean > husk or skin society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > [noun] > skin of beaver the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-bean > in husk the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > coffee bean or plant > [noun] > coffee plant > types of 1682 N. Grew iv. iii. v. 188 The Case is lined with a dry and thin Parchment, as smooth as Glass. 1703 J. Fullartine Let. 2 Aug. in (1965) 8 (modernized text) As to cutting in pieces all summer beaver as well coat as parchment.., I've followed your orders therein. 1791 9 p. xiii Coffee brought over in the inner skin or parchment only. 1838 30 June 192 M. Pelouze states that if..paper be plunged into nitric acid..and immediately washed..a species of parchment is produced. 1879 ‘N. D'Anvers’ tr. J. Verne i. xvi The beavers' skins were..labelled as ‘parchments’ or ‘young beavers’ according to their value. 1883 Aug. 528/1 The ‘parchment’, as it is called, is sewn up in stout bags and dispatched by bullock carts to the nearest railway station. 1893 (Royal Gardens, Kew) No. 78. 129 The husk or parchment protects the [coffee] bean from atmospheric influences which affect the colour. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > light brown 1904 6 Feb. 9/1 There is a new ivory colour termed parchment. 1947 J. H. Bustanoby iv. 68 Parchment. A pale tint of brown, resembling the prepared and polished skin of sheep, goats, lambs, young calves, and other animals, used for writing, painting, engraving, etc. 1974 Christmas 15 Cable cardigan... Parchment, vicuna colour or light green. Compounds C1. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > light brown 1597 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 64 England..is now bound in with shame, With inkie blots, and rotten parchment bonds. View more context for this quotation 1679 E. Pyckering in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 331 The parchment deed I delivered to Mr. Pack. 1716 16 Apr. 2/2 Lost.., a Green Parchment Letter-Case with a brass boss, being almost full of Papers of Concern. 1788 A. Hamilton xxv. 160 It teaches us how unequal are parchment provisions to a struggle with public necessity. 1821 J. Marshall (1839) 231 Its effects cannot be restrained by parchment stipulations. 1886 G. R. Sims i. i. 14 A look of pity overspread his parchment features. 1959 Spring–Summer 1224/1 Vitrous china Bathroom Fixtures..Frosty pink, Parchment beige, Sage green. 1990 C. Laird (1992) v. 63 Wisps of cirrhus [sic] scribbled across a pale parchment sky. b. Parasynthetic and instrumental. 1840 T. C. Haliburton 3rd Ser. xv. 216 That queer, parchment-coloured..onfakilised nun. 1936 W. Faulkner viii. 335 The slight dowdy woman..with parchment-colored skin. 2003 (Nexis) 23 July The car has a definite up-market feel, helped by the beautifully crafted, parchment-coloured leather seats. 1675 No. 1032/4 A little paper parchment covered Book claspt. 1841 ‘A. Poyntz’ in July 94 A small parchment-covered pocket-book, mysterious-looking as that of William of Deloraine. 2003 (Nexis) 22 June (Food section) 1 Place biscuits on a greased or parchment-covered cookie sheet. 1845 W. A. Caruthers II. xxvii. 232 Calling to a hideous old parchment faced hag [he] placed it in her hands. 1914 S. Lewis ix. 123 The landlady, the tired thin parchment-faced North Countrywoman,..listened in a frightened way. 2003 (Nexis) 20 Mar. b13 Klaus Kinski proved a more than adequate substitute for the shrunken, parchment-faced Max Schreck. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > excessive dryness 1834 W. H. Ainsworth II. i. xii. 24 That sneaking, gimlet-eyed, parchment-skinned quill-driver. 1996 15 July 32/3 The only participant who comes off badly here is an oddly brittle, parchment-skinned Thurman—idling lackadaisically through a second-string role. 1845 E. Cook 2nd Ser. 26 There's more mirth in the jig and the amateur's strum, When the parchment-spread battledore serves as a drum. C2. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > [noun] > skin of beaver 1681 (1945) I. 142 There should be 3 Setts of Bonds prepared & printed... The first for the 52 Lotts of Parchment Beavor. 1819 A. Rees VI. at Castor Beaver skins are distinguished by the name of coat beaver and parchment beaver, by traders. 1993 53 472 Whole parchment and coat beaver are not adjusted, reflecting the fact that they each sold for one Made Beaver. the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-bean > in husk 1851 June 86/1 From the pulper-box the parchment coffee is shoveled to the ‘cisterns’—enormous square wooden vats. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland (ed. 2) ii. ii. 139 There are hulling machines capable of dealing efficiently with dry-berry and parchment coffee, but others are constructed to hull or peel parchment coffee only. 2003 (Nexis) 6 Aug. The prices of coffee could sky rocket to an all time high of 400 dollars for a 50 kilogram bag of parchment coffee. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > adhesive > [noun] > made from parchment-cuttings 1573 f. iiv Glue water made of parchement glue. 1799 tr. (ed. 6) I. v. 209 Then, with parchment-glue, mix it into a mass. 1874 Dec. 280/3 Saturate the article first with hot parchment glue, previously filtered and not too weak. 1979 C. Hayes iii. 44 The purest size is made with leather waste glue—also known as rabbit skin glue, parchment glue and Cologne glue. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of paper > [noun] > maker of parchment a1399 in W. G. Benham (1907) 11 (MED) Lattoners, Pewtrers, Parchemyn makers. 1609 D. Rogers Harl. MS 1944 lf. 25 v in (1882) p. xxii Glouers and Parchment makers. 1802 J. Thelwall 6 And parchment-makeres, who the worlde undue Wythe dedes in Lawsutes and wythe drums in fyte. 1995 70 909 Three initials show Jerome..proofreading what has been written, consulting with a parchment maker for more materials, and then cutting the new parchment into sheets. society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper imitating parchment 1850 (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) (ed. 2) x. 240 Parchment, used principally for fuze caps. Parchment paper may be substituted for it. 1899 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch (ed. 4) i. 84 Spread in a thin layer on a parchment-paper dialyser. 1990 A. Stoddard ii. 96 The stationery I use most often is personal cards..made of very smooth white parchment paper. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > adhesive > [noun] > made from parchment-cuttings 1758 R. Dossie 411 It is better to employ the glover's or the parchment size. 1885 July 167/2 If the wood is not finished, after it has been smoothed and dusted, give it one or two coats of parchment size. 1962 (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 4) 181 Tempera, a process of painting, in transparent colors on plastered walls or panels, in which powdered pigment and parchment size is mixed with water and gum arabic or egg. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > excessive dryness society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > skin (vellum or parchment) > [noun] > parchment > piece of c1390 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 501 (MED) He wrot so faste til þat he want, ffor his parchemyn-skin was so scant. 1680 (1945) I. 21 Ordered that the said Mar. Bifeild and Mar. Wilkinson doe distinguish of the said Parchmt. Skinns making 200 skinns in each Lott as of the Coate. 1737 H. Baker Famine in I. 338 Her Guts appear'd within With snaky Curlings thro' her Parchment Skin. 1874 W. Tay tr. F. Hebra & M. Kaposi III. xlv. 252 (heading) Atrophia cutis idiopathica diffusa. Xeroderma, parchment skin. 1969 18 Oct. 853/1 This finding of ‘parchment-skin’ palms is evidently not peculiar to any single cytogenetic disorder. 1991 S. Hill vii. 161 She was..thin as a bird, with fragile, brittle bones sticking out through the stretched, dry, parchment skin. 1775 S. Hearne 2 Oct. (1934) 182 The Carpenter Employed nailing on a set of new Parchment windows. 1882 v. 435 He [sc. Robert Campbell] and his companions were forced to use for food the parchment windows of their hut. 2000 (Nexis) 30 Nov. 10 I've carefully reconstructed..how it would have been to live in the narrow houses on the narrow streets with waxed parchment windows at best and the interiors smoky from peat fires and oil lamps. Derivatives 1816 ‘P. Pindar’ v. 228 At these last words, forth crawl'd an ancient dame, Sharp-nos'd, half-starv'd, and Avarice her name; With wrinkled neck, and parchment-like to view, That e'en the coarsest kerchief seldom knew. 1899 J. Hutchinson in 10 Descr. Plate xvii It was quite impossible to pinch the skin up anywhere, as it was tight and parchment-like. 1993 M. Flynn 5 The age-spots were dark against his parchmentlike skin. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1330 |
