paraphyleticadj.

Brit.

/ˌparəfʌɪˈlɛtɪk/, U.S.

/ˈˌpɛrəˌfaɪˈlɛdɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: para- prefix¹, phyletic adj.

Etymology: < para- prefix¹ + phyletic adj.

Taxonomy.

Of a group or taxon: comprising a number of organisms whose most recent common ancestor had other evolutionary descendants not included in the same group or taxon, and hence excluded from cladistic classifications on account of being defined only by shared primitive characteristics. Cf. holophyletic adj., monophyletic adj.For example, the traditional group ‘ Reptilia’ is paraphyletic, since the most recent common ancestor of the reptiles also has the birds and the mammals among its descendants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [adjective] > containing descendants of a common ancestor

paraphyletic1965

holophyletic1971

1965 W. Hennig in Ann. Rev. Entomol. 10 104 If one associates species whose agreement rests on symplesiomorphy, then a paraphyletic group is formed.

1979 Nature 6 Sept. 88/1 The Apterygota, Palaeoptera and Exopterygota are regarded as paraphyletic and discarded, although the Entognathan apterygotes are treated as a natural group.

1994 W. B. Zomlefer Guide Flowering Plant Families 14/1 Paraphyletic groups..include the most recent ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants. Cladists accept only strict monophyly, while traditionalists..use both monophyletic and paraphyletic taxa if they are phenetically cohesive.

2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. x. 298 The erstwhile ‘Palaeoptera’ is really a loose, paraphyletic assemblage of creatures that do not seem to be closely related.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	paraphyletic
释义	paraphyleticadj. Brit. /ˌparəfʌɪˈlɛtɪk/, U.S. /ˈˌpɛrəˌfaɪˈlɛdɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: para- prefix¹, phyletic adj. Etymology: < para- prefix¹ + phyletic adj. Taxonomy. Of a group or taxon: comprising a number of organisms whose most recent common ancestor had other evolutionary descendants not included in the same group or taxon, and hence excluded from cladistic classifications on account of being defined only by shared primitive characteristics. Cf. holophyletic adj., monophyletic adj.For example, the traditional group ‘ Reptilia’ is paraphyletic, since the most recent common ancestor of the reptiles also has the birds and the mammals among its descendants. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [adjective] > containing descendants of a common ancestor paraphyletic1965 holophyletic1971 1965 W. Hennig in Ann. Rev. Entomol. 10 104 If one associates species whose agreement rests on symplesiomorphy, then a paraphyletic group is formed. 1979 Nature 6 Sept. 88/1 The Apterygota, Palaeoptera and Exopterygota are regarded as paraphyletic and discarded, although the Entognathan apterygotes are treated as a natural group. 1994 W. B. Zomlefer Guide Flowering Plant Families 14/1 Paraphyletic groups..include the most recent ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants. Cladists accept only strict monophyly, while traditionalists..use both monophyletic and paraphyletic taxa if they are phenetically cohesive. 2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. x. 298 The erstwhile ‘Palaeoptera’ is really a loose, paraphyletic assemblage of creatures that do not seem to be closely related. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1965
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