paroxysmn.

Brit.

/ˈparəksɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəkˌsɪz(ə)m/,

/pəˈrɑkˌsɪz(ə)m/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s paroxisme, late Middle English–1600s paroxismos (plural), 1500s–1700s paroxysme, 1500s–1800s paroxism, 1500s– paroxysm, 1600s paroxcisme, 1600s paroxime, 1600s–1700s paroxim.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French paroxisme; Latin paroxysmus.

Etymology: < Middle French, French †paroxisme (1362–5; in Old French as peroxime (1314); also in Middle French as paroxime , parocisme ), paroxysme (1552; 1818 in figurative use) bout of fever or of an illness, period of increased acuteness or severity of a disease, and its etymon post-classical Latin paroxysmus, paroxismus onset of a disease (6th cent.), fit (1200 in a British source), savage impulse (15th cent.), violent sorrow (16th cent.) < ancient Greek παροξυσμός severe fit of a disease (Hippocrates, Galen), irritation, exasperation < παροξύνειν to goad, exasperate, irritate ( < παρα- para- prefix¹ + ὀξύνειν to sharpen, goad, render acute: see oxyntic adj.) + -σμός, extended form of -μος, suffix forming nouns.In the 16th cent. the Greek form also occurs as an unassimilated loan, e.g.:1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 86 When thei bee in their traunce, or paroxismos the smoke of it maketh theim to awake.

1. Medicine. An episode of increased acuteness or severity of a disease, esp. one recurring periodically in the course of the disease; a sudden recurrence or attack, e.g. of coughing; a sudden worsening of symptoms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > paroxysm

throwOE

passiona1393

paroxysma1413

storm1540

fit1557

acerbation1684

redoublement1740

redoubling1747

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] > violent agitation > instance of

paroxysma1413

a1413 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 178 Þe paroxisme .i. þe accioun.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 22^v (MED) Apostemez yn periodez, i. circuites, and in paroxismez, i. accessez..seweþ þe analogie..or proporcioun of þe materiez.

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 50/2 Optalmia hath certaine paroxysmes or fyttes, and periodes or courses.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §2. 161 When the paroxime was vpon them.

1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. v. sig. G3 Againe; I feare a paroxisme .

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 83 If they can..go but so far, as to call the fit of an Ague, a Paroxysme,..my admiring Patient taketh him to be a great Schollard.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 40 They may give wonderful Relief in the Paroxysm.

1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 The Indians..repeat the dose after the paroxism is gone off.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 409 In the course of the paroxysm she felt great aversion to water.

1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 16 The period in which the symptoms make their appearance is called the paroxysm or attack.

1973 N. Freedman Joshua 176 They could see that he was trying to stop, but it took several shuddering breaths before the paroxysm was over.

1996 M. Hulse tr. W. G. Sebald Emigrants (1997) 171 I was suddenly struck by the paroxysm of pain that a slipped disc can occasion.

2. An outburst of violent controversy; an open quarrel or schism. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] > instance or fit of furious anger

wratha1200

ragec1325

furyc1374

paroxysm1578

rapturea1616

orgasma1763

ramp1798

society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > noisy or angry quarrel > instance of

ganglinga1387

altercation1410

brawla1500

heat1549

wranglea1555

brabble1566

paroxysm1578

wrangling1580

brangle1600

branglement1617

rixation1623

row1746

skimmington1753

mêlée1765

breeze1785

squeal1788

hash1789

rook1808

blow-up1809

blowout1825

scena1826

reerie1832

catfight1854

barney1855

wigs on the green1856

bull and cow1859

scrap1890

slanging match1896

snap1897

up-and-downer1927

brannigan1941

rhubarb1941

bitch fight1949

punch-up1958

shout-up1965

shouting match1970

1578 Bp. J. Aylmer Let. 17 June in H. Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 61 The matter grieved me so much the more, for that I was blamed in the hottest time of the paroxysm between you and me.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. i. 13 The greatest contention happening here, was that Paroxysme betwixt Paul and Barnabas.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 84 The Paroxisme continued and encreased, betwixt the Scotish Bishops..and such who celebrated Easter after the Roman Rite.

1718 I. Mather Sermons xii. 214 We should be the more careful and watchful against divisions, because good men have had paroxysmes, sharp contentions sometimes.

1837 W. Irving Creole Village in Magnolia 326 An election was at hand, which, it was expected, would throw the whole country into a paroxysm.

a1859 T. Macaulay Virginia in Wks. (1866) 514 Even in the paroxysms of faction, the Roman retained his gravity.

1992 New Republic 8 June 20/2 His actions have assisted the Bush campaign by prolonging the public paroxysm over a House Bank from day one.

3. (a) A violent attack or outburst of emotion or activity. Frequently with of. (b) The extreme stage of an action or episode; a high point, a climax.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > instance of

surge1520

forage1598

impetuosity1632

paroxysm1650

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or intensity of action > stage of greatest

vigour1563

heat1588

paroxysm1650

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > extreme > instance or stage of

rage1548

heat1588

paroxysm1650

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. v. 84 And fourscore [Years]..in the Paroxysme of their [sc. Egyptians] bondage.

1664 J. Worthington Let. 9 Nov. in Diary & Corr. (1855) II. i. 140 I have no time to stir abroad to enquire or to hear any such matters, being in the paroxysm of my business.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 13 In the paroxism of his passion he fell furiously on the poor carcases, and kicked them till evening.

1821 J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metric Syst. (1871) iii. 145 At the very moment of fanatical paroxysm of the French revolution.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 283 Her doubts and terrors reached their paroxysm; and the poor girl..raved and ran hither and thither in hysteric insanity.

1875 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 243 These chants are taken up..sometimes they flag and die away for want of support, sometimes they are continued till they reach a paroxysm, and then abruptly stop.

1927 Travel Nov. 26/1 It is here that the electrical tension of the Equator, so violent that it contracts the nerves until they break, reaches its paroxysm.

2001 Utopian Stud. 12 174 The notion that it is able to provide an answer to everything: a folly by which reason has always been tempted, but which modernity has taken to a paroxysm.

a. Chiefly Geology. A violent natural disturbance or catastrophic event, such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption; a sudden change in a natural phenomenon; spec. the most violent or explosive event in a series of eruptions.

ΚΠ

1668 in R. Boyle Hist. Air (1692) xv. 85 The Storm had seven Paroxysms or Exacerbations, which the Seamen call Frights of Weather.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 762 Whether the vents of the Subterraneal fire are not subject to paroxysms or great fits of eruptions at times.

a1699 J. Beaumont Psyche (1702) vi. 84 With paroxisms of strange dismay Th'amazéd Heav'ns stood still, Earth's basis shook, The troubléd Ocean roard.

1749 H. Johnson tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima 47 The earthquakes are frequent, long and terrible, with many paroxysms in one day.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 48 In this violent paroxysm the whole top of the mountain is believed to have been swept away.

1877 Amer. Naturalist 11 555 The force of change resisted by heredity..determines paroxysms of more rapid movement of general evolution.

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xx. 466 Four days after the paroxysm—the Vesuvian phase—began, it culminated in a mighty uprush of gases.

2002 National Geographic Feb. 134 The quick, intermittent displays—called paroxysms—that had been occurring that summer.

b. As a mass noun: sudden or catastrophic change. Cf. paroxysmist n. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun]

brathc1175

reighshipc1275

airc1300

ragec1330

sturdinessc1384

violencea1387

fierceness1435

vehemencyc1487

furiosity1509

fiercetya1513

bremeness?1529

boistousness1530

vehemence1535

bruteness1538

violency1538

violentness1544

vehementness1561

wrath1579

fury1585

torture1605

keenness?1606

ragingness1621

stiffness1623

rapt1632

tempestuousness1648

boisterousnessa1650

rampancy1652

boisture1667

untamedness1727

paroxysm1893

storminess1894

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] > violent agitation

boilingc1660

convulsiona1701

tempest-tossing1867

paroxysm1893

1893 A. W. Momerie in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 271 It is manifest that the species themselves..have been created not by paroxysm but by evolution.

1999 S. J. Gould in Nat. Hist. Apr. 33/3 Catastrophists argued that most geological change occurred in rare episodes of truly global paroxysm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	paroxysm
释义	paroxysmn. Brit. /ˈparəksɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəkˌsɪz(ə)m/, /pəˈrɑkˌsɪz(ə)m/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s paroxisme, late Middle English–1600s paroxismos (plural), 1500s–1700s paroxysme, 1500s–1800s paroxism, 1500s– paroxysm, 1600s paroxcisme, 1600s paroxime, 1600s–1700s paroxim. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French paroxisme; Latin paroxysmus. Etymology: < Middle French, French †paroxisme (1362–5; in Old French as peroxime (1314); also in Middle French as paroxime , parocisme ), paroxysme (1552; 1818 in figurative use) bout of fever or of an illness, period of increased acuteness or severity of a disease, and its etymon post-classical Latin paroxysmus, paroxismus onset of a disease (6th cent.), fit (1200 in a British source), savage impulse (15th cent.), violent sorrow (16th cent.) < ancient Greek παροξυσμός severe fit of a disease (Hippocrates, Galen), irritation, exasperation < παροξύνειν to goad, exasperate, irritate ( < παρα- para- prefix¹ + ὀξύνειν to sharpen, goad, render acute: see oxyntic adj.) + -σμός, extended form of -μος, suffix forming nouns.In the 16th cent. the Greek form also occurs as an unassimilated loan, e.g.:1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 86 When thei bee in their traunce, or paroxismos the smoke of it maketh theim to awake. 1. Medicine. An episode of increased acuteness or severity of a disease, esp. one recurring periodically in the course of the disease; a sudden recurrence or attack, e.g. of coughing; a sudden worsening of symptoms. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > paroxysm throwOE passiona1393 paroxysma1413 storm1540 fit1557 acerbation1684 redoublement1740 redoubling1747 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] > violent agitation > instance of paroxysma1413 a1413 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 178 Þe paroxisme .i. þe accioun. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 22^v (MED) Apostemez yn periodez, i. circuites, and in paroxismez, i. accessez..seweþ þe analogie..or proporcioun of þe materiez. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 50/2 Optalmia hath certaine paroxysmes or fyttes, and periodes or courses. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §2. 161 When the paroxime was vpon them. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. v. sig. G3 Againe; I feare a paroxisme . View more context for this quotation 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 83 If they can..go but so far, as to call the fit of an Ague, a Paroxysme,..my admiring Patient taketh him to be a great Schollard. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 40 They may give wonderful Relief in the Paroxysm. 1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 The Indians..repeat the dose after the paroxism is gone off. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 409 In the course of the paroxysm she felt great aversion to water. 1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 16 The period in which the symptoms make their appearance is called the paroxysm or attack. 1973 N. Freedman Joshua 176 They could see that he was trying to stop, but it took several shuddering breaths before the paroxysm was over. 1996 M. Hulse tr. W. G. Sebald Emigrants (1997) 171 I was suddenly struck by the paroxysm of pain that a slipped disc can occasion. 2. An outburst of violent controversy; an open quarrel or schism. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] > instance or fit of furious anger wratha1200 ragec1325 furyc1374 paroxysm1578 rapturea1616 orgasma1763 ramp1798 society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > noisy or angry quarrel > instance of ganglinga1387 altercation1410 brawla1500 heat1549 wranglea1555 brabble1566 paroxysm1578 wrangling1580 brangle1600 branglement1617 rixation1623 row1746 skimmington1753 mêlée1765 breeze1785 squeal1788 hash1789 rook1808 blow-up1809 blowout1825 scena1826 reerie1832 catfight1854 barney1855 wigs on the green1856 bull and cow1859 scrap1890 slanging match1896 snap1897 up-and-downer1927 brannigan1941 rhubarb1941 bitch fight1949 punch-up1958 shout-up1965 shouting match1970 1578 Bp. J. Aylmer Let. 17 June in H. Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 61 The matter grieved me so much the more, for that I was blamed in the hottest time of the paroxysm between you and me. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. i. 13 The greatest contention happening here, was that Paroxysme betwixt Paul and Barnabas. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 84 The Paroxisme continued and encreased, betwixt the Scotish Bishops..and such who celebrated Easter after the Roman Rite. 1718 I. Mather Sermons xii. 214 We should be the more careful and watchful against divisions, because good men have had paroxysmes, sharp contentions sometimes. 1837 W. Irving Creole Village in Magnolia 326 An election was at hand, which, it was expected, would throw the whole country into a paroxysm. a1859 T. Macaulay Virginia in Wks. (1866) 514 Even in the paroxysms of faction, the Roman retained his gravity. 1992 New Republic 8 June 20/2 His actions have assisted the Bush campaign by prolonging the public paroxysm over a House Bank from day one. 3. (a) A violent attack or outburst of emotion or activity. Frequently with of. (b) The extreme stage of an action or episode; a high point, a climax. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > instance of surge1520 forage1598 impetuosity1632 paroxysm1650 the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or intensity of action > stage of greatest vigour1563 heat1588 paroxysm1650 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > extreme > instance or stage of rage1548 heat1588 paroxysm1650 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. v. 84 And fourscore [Years]..in the Paroxysme of their [sc. Egyptians] bondage. 1664 J. Worthington Let. 9 Nov. in Diary & Corr. (1855) II. i. 140 I have no time to stir abroad to enquire or to hear any such matters, being in the paroxysm of my business. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 13 In the paroxism of his passion he fell furiously on the poor carcases, and kicked them till evening. 1821 J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metric Syst. (1871) iii. 145 At the very moment of fanatical paroxysm of the French revolution. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 283 Her doubts and terrors reached their paroxysm; and the poor girl..raved and ran hither and thither in hysteric insanity. 1875 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 243 These chants are taken up..sometimes they flag and die away for want of support, sometimes they are continued till they reach a paroxysm, and then abruptly stop. 1927 Travel Nov. 26/1 It is here that the electrical tension of the Equator, so violent that it contracts the nerves until they break, reaches its paroxysm. 2001 Utopian Stud. 12 174 The notion that it is able to provide an answer to everything: a folly by which reason has always been tempted, but which modernity has taken to a paroxysm. 4. a. Chiefly Geology. A violent natural disturbance or catastrophic event, such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption; a sudden change in a natural phenomenon; spec. the most violent or explosive event in a series of eruptions. ΚΠ 1668 in R. Boyle Hist. Air (1692) xv. 85 The Storm had seven Paroxysms or Exacerbations, which the Seamen call Frights of Weather. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 762 Whether the vents of the Subterraneal fire are not subject to paroxysms or great fits of eruptions at times. a1699 J. Beaumont Psyche (1702) vi. 84 With paroxisms of strange dismay Th'amazéd Heav'ns stood still, Earth's basis shook, The troubléd Ocean roard. 1749 H. Johnson tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima 47 The earthquakes are frequent, long and terrible, with many paroxysms in one day. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 48 In this violent paroxysm the whole top of the mountain is believed to have been swept away. 1877 Amer. Naturalist 11 555 The force of change resisted by heredity..determines paroxysms of more rapid movement of general evolution. 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xx. 466 Four days after the paroxysm—the Vesuvian phase—began, it culminated in a mighty uprush of gases. 2002 National Geographic Feb. 134 The quick, intermittent displays—called paroxysms—that had been occurring that summer. b. As a mass noun: sudden or catastrophic change. Cf. paroxysmist n. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] brathc1175 reighshipc1275 airc1300 ragec1330 sturdinessc1384 violencea1387 fierceness1435 vehemencyc1487 furiosity1509 fiercetya1513 bremeness?1529 boistousness1530 vehemence1535 bruteness1538 violency1538 violentness1544 vehementness1561 wrath1579 fury1585 torture1605 keenness?1606 ragingness1621 stiffness1623 rapt1632 tempestuousness1648 boisterousnessa1650 rampancy1652 boisture1667 untamedness1727 paroxysm1893 storminess1894 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] > violent agitation boilingc1660 convulsiona1701 tempest-tossing1867 paroxysm1893 1893 A. W. Momerie in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 271 It is manifest that the species themselves..have been created not by paroxysm but by evolution. 1999 S. J. Gould in Nat. Hist. Apr. 33/3 Catastrophists argued that most geological change occurred in rare episodes of truly global paroxysm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1413
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