paralogismn.

Brit.

/pəˈralədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/pəˈræləˌdʒɪz(ə)m/

Forms: 1500s–1600s paralogisme, 1600s– paralogism.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French paralogisme.

Etymology: < Middle French, French paralogisme (1380) < post-classical Latin paralogismus false argument or reasoning (5th–6th cent. in Boethius) < ancient Greek παραλογισμός < παραλογίζεσθαι paralogize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix.

1. A piece of false or erroneous reasoning, esp. one which the reasoner is unconscious of or believes to be logical (as distinct from a sophism, which is intended to deceive); an illogical argument, a fallacy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > types of syllogisms

enthymeme1532

paralogism1565

prosyllogism1574

epicheirema1583

frame1584

prossyllogism1620

episyllogism1851

hypothetico-disjunctive1864

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy > piece of false reasoning

fallacy1532

paralogism1565

elench1570

argal1861

salto mortale1896

1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse Epist. to Martiall sig. Aiv Thre kindes of Paralogismes of false arguments or fonde cauils, are most familiar with you.

1641 S. Marshall et al. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. (1653) xviii. 81 It is evident that this argument is a Paralogisme, depending upon the Equivocation of the name Bishop.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. viii. 33 That the more easily true Syllogisms may be discern'd from Paralogisms, some Laws are to be observ'd.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 259 He is here guilty of a gross paralogism.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 182 As if it was a paralogism to say, that being gentle, he must of course be courageous.

1846 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 402 Upon this gross and obvious paralogism the whole theory of Strauss is supported.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xv. 541 The syllogisms of Rational Psychology are therefore paralogisms, in which the middle term is taken in two different senses.

1930 H. Read Wordsworth iv. 158 Does this statement amount to more than a paralogism?

1993 Glasgow Herald (Nexis) 15 Oct. 16 A litter of cliches, misconceptions, and paralogisms.

2. False or erroneous reasoning; illogicality.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy

paralogy1646

paralogism1693

pseudo-logic1933

1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 248 Their whole Life..runs all along upon wrong Principles and mistaken Reasonings, and is all over Fallacy and Paralogism.

1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig.: Pt. II ii. ii. 44 We shall run into Confusion and Paralogism.

a1745 W. Meston Poet. Wks. (1767) 16 Reason he could well construe, By Enthymeme. or Syllogism, Sorites, or Paralogism, Or by dilemma or induction, Of all he knew the right construction.

1854 Notes & Queries 26 Aug. 171 Both kinds of paralogism may be properly acknowledged to exist together.

1884 Sat. Rev. 5 July 11/1 A dabbler in paralogism and fallacy.

1910 Mind 19 221 The false inference has been made,..so that there must be considerable plausibility in this kind of paralogism.

2000 Internat. Herald Tribune (Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) (Nexis) 26 July (Opinion section) 9 In spite of our claim to Cartesian thinking, we French are, collectively, the champions of paralogism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	paralogism
释义	paralogismn. Brit. /pəˈralədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /pəˈræləˌdʒɪz(ə)m/ Forms: 1500s–1600s paralogisme, 1600s– paralogism. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French paralogisme. Etymology: < Middle French, French paralogisme (1380) < post-classical Latin paralogismus false argument or reasoning (5th–6th cent. in Boethius) < ancient Greek παραλογισμός < παραλογίζεσθαι paralogize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix. 1. A piece of false or erroneous reasoning, esp. one which the reasoner is unconscious of or believes to be logical (as distinct from a sophism, which is intended to deceive); an illogical argument, a fallacy. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > types of syllogisms enthymeme1532 paralogism1565 prosyllogism1574 epicheirema1583 frame1584 prossyllogism1620 episyllogism1851 hypothetico-disjunctive1864 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy > piece of false reasoning fallacy1532 paralogism1565 elench1570 argal1861 salto mortale1896 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse Epist. to Martiall sig. Aiv Thre kindes of Paralogismes of false arguments or fonde cauils, are most familiar with you. 1641 S. Marshall et al. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. (1653) xviii. 81 It is evident that this argument is a Paralogisme, depending upon the Equivocation of the name Bishop. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. viii. 33 That the more easily true Syllogisms may be discern'd from Paralogisms, some Laws are to be observ'd. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 259 He is here guilty of a gross paralogism. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 182 As if it was a paralogism to say, that being gentle, he must of course be courageous. 1846 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 402 Upon this gross and obvious paralogism the whole theory of Strauss is supported. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xv. 541 The syllogisms of Rational Psychology are therefore paralogisms, in which the middle term is taken in two different senses. 1930 H. Read Wordsworth iv. 158 Does this statement amount to more than a paralogism? 1993 Glasgow Herald (Nexis) 15 Oct. 16 A litter of cliches, misconceptions, and paralogisms. 2. False or erroneous reasoning; illogicality. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy paralogy1646 paralogism1693 pseudo-logic1933 1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 248 Their whole Life..runs all along upon wrong Principles and mistaken Reasonings, and is all over Fallacy and Paralogism. 1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig.: Pt. II ii. ii. 44 We shall run into Confusion and Paralogism. a1745 W. Meston Poet. Wks. (1767) 16 Reason he could well construe, By Enthymeme. or Syllogism, Sorites, or Paralogism, Or by dilemma or induction, Of all he knew the right construction. 1854 Notes & Queries 26 Aug. 171 Both kinds of paralogism may be properly acknowledged to exist together. 1884 Sat. Rev. 5 July 11/1 A dabbler in paralogism and fallacy. 1910 Mind 19 221 The false inference has been made,..so that there must be considerable plausibility in this kind of paralogism. 2000 Internat. Herald Tribune (Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) (Nexis) 26 July (Opinion section) 9 In spite of our claim to Cartesian thinking, we French are, collectively, the champions of paralogism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1565
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