panopticonn.

Brit.

/pəˈnɒptɪkɒn/,

/panˈɒptᵻkɒn/, U.S.

/pænˈɑptəˌkɑn/

Forms: frequently with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: pan- comb. form, Greek ὀπτικόν, ὀπτικός.

Etymology: < pan- comb. form + ancient Greek ὀπτικόν, neuter of ὀπτικός optic adj. Compare ancient Greek πανόπτης the all-seeing, Byzantine Greek πάνοπτος seen by all, fully visible.

1. An optical instrument or device; spec. a mechanical peep-show offering views of European capitals, etc., for public entertainment. Now historical and archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > telescope > combined with other instrument

panopticon1742

telengiscope1864

teleiconograph1869

telespectroscope1871

telemicroscope1872

telepolariscope1878

telemetrograph1885

telemicroscope1897

1742 in J. H. Macmichael Story of Charing Cross (1906) 282 (advt.) That celebrated and well-known Tri-angular Musical Machine, the Panopticon; with six moving Pictures, which is universally allowed, from..the vast Variety of its Motions..to be the first Piece of Mechanism of its Magnitude in Europe.

1752 C. Macklin Covent Garden Theatre (1965) 4 This Universal Rendevouz of all the Monsters produced by wagish Nature & fantastic Art, here Panopticons, Microcosms, Bears, Badgers..Enthusiasts, and Fire Eaters..Tax the Public.

1768 B. Franklin Let. in Wks. (1887) IV. 176 Mr. Martin, when I called to see his panopticon, had not one ready.

1790 J. Bentham Let. 2 Sept. (1981) IV. 193 Panopticon is already in use as a name for I forget what optical instrument or raree shew in or by means of which you may see everything as the name imports.

1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Mar. Suppl. 1/1 Statham's ‘Panopticon’..a powerful achromatic Telescope and Microscope combined.

1984 Listener 11 Oct. 30/3 We encounter a shaman with a ‘phosphorescent eye’..and women who have liberated themselves from a panoptikon.

1995 B. Miller Amer. Silent Film Comedies 135 W. K. L. Dickson..invented the Panopticon projector. The first public showing of the Panopticon occurred April 21, 1895, in New York.

2. A circular prison with cells arranged around a central well, from which inmates can be observed at all times. Also in extended use.The design was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) in 1787. A scheme for a penitentiary on these lines was accepted by Parliament in 1794, and a site at Millbank, London, was chosen, but in the event the new penitentiary (which opened in 1816) was not built to Bentham's plan. Among later prisons constructed on the panopticon principle, the Stateville Penitentiary at Joliet, Illinois, is still in use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > circular

panopticon1790

1790 J. Bentham Let. 2 Sept. (1981) IV. 193 I have given it as you will see in the title page a particular name in a single word, viz: Panopticon or the Inspection-House.

1791 J. Bentham Panopticon i. Postscr. 86 In a Panopticon prison..there ought not any where be a single foot square, on which man or boy shall be able to plant himself..under any assurance of not being observed.

1813 Edinb. Rev. 22 19 The Panopticon was to be open at all times to every magistrate; and at certain hours to the public generally.

1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) v. 128 He..superintends, as in a panopticon, a select circle of rural malefactors.

1954 A. Huxley Themes & Variations (ed. 2) IV. 197 The real horror..an industrial or administrative Panopticon.

1977 Listener 15 Dec. 802/4 The craving for total control found technological expression in Bentham's design for the Panopticon.

1987 P. Conrad Song of Love & Death vi. 297 Searchlights glaringly inspect the panopticon of a concentration camp.

3. gen. A place where everything is on display; a public exhibition hall or showroom. Also figurative. Now historical and rare.Frequently in names of public venues; spec. designating the Royal Panopticon of Science and Art on Leicester Square, opened in 1854 as a scientific exhibition hall and lecture theatre (see quots. 1850, 1885), but closed in 1857 (after which it became the Alhambra theatre and, later, the Odeon).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > place where extensive view obtained

prospect1587

prospectivec1616

top (also turret) of speculation1653

outlook1667

observatory1695

panopticon1836

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > [noun] > place for > room or showcase

showroom1699

show-glass1708

showcase1803

panopticon1836

vitrine1880

1836 Brit. Critic Jan. 27 It may still be urged, with regard to the proposed panopticon of the Church, that, although we do not possess it, we can do quite as well without it.

1850 Deed of Settlement of Royal Panopticon of Sci. & Art 1 Royal Panopticon of Science and Art. An institution for Scientific exhibitions and for promoting discoveries in arts manufactures.

1851 J. Hamilton Royal Preacher xix. 231 Whey stood forth so many beautiful and Divine ideas, and from this panopticon of all the possible, His holy wisdom chose the best.

1885 Dict. National Biogr. at Ansell, George Frederick He gave lectures in chemistry at the Panopticon in Leicester Square, London, but that institution did not last long.

2001 R. Kenna Glasgow Pub Compan. (ed. 2) 114/2 It closed in 1903 but was reopened as The Panopticon, a ‘rough’ hall where the patrons did not suffer mediocre ‘turns’ with equanimity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	panopticon
释义	panopticonn. Brit. /pəˈnɒptɪkɒn/, /panˈɒptᵻkɒn/, U.S. /pænˈɑptəˌkɑn/ Forms: frequently with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: pan- comb. form, Greek ὀπτικόν, ὀπτικός. Etymology: < pan- comb. form + ancient Greek ὀπτικόν, neuter of ὀπτικός optic adj. Compare ancient Greek πανόπτης the all-seeing, Byzantine Greek πάνοπτος seen by all, fully visible. 1. An optical instrument or device; spec. a mechanical peep-show offering views of European capitals, etc., for public entertainment. Now historical and archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > telescope > combined with other instrument panopticon1742 telengiscope1864 teleiconograph1869 telespectroscope1871 telemicroscope1872 telepolariscope1878 telemetrograph1885 telemicroscope1897 1742 in J. H. Macmichael Story of Charing Cross (1906) 282 (advt.) That celebrated and well-known Tri-angular Musical Machine, the Panopticon; with six moving Pictures, which is universally allowed, from..the vast Variety of its Motions..to be the first Piece of Mechanism of its Magnitude in Europe. 1752 C. Macklin Covent Garden Theatre (1965) 4 This Universal Rendevouz of all the Monsters produced by wagish Nature & fantastic Art, here Panopticons, Microcosms, Bears, Badgers..Enthusiasts, and Fire Eaters..Tax the Public. 1768 B. Franklin Let. in Wks. (1887) IV. 176 Mr. Martin, when I called to see his panopticon, had not one ready. 1790 J. Bentham Let. 2 Sept. (1981) IV. 193 Panopticon is already in use as a name for I forget what optical instrument or raree shew in or by means of which you may see everything as the name imports. 1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Mar. Suppl. 1/1 Statham's ‘Panopticon’..a powerful achromatic Telescope and Microscope combined. 1984 Listener 11 Oct. 30/3 We encounter a shaman with a ‘phosphorescent eye’..and women who have liberated themselves from a panoptikon. 1995 B. Miller Amer. Silent Film Comedies 135 W. K. L. Dickson..invented the Panopticon projector. The first public showing of the Panopticon occurred April 21, 1895, in New York. 2. A circular prison with cells arranged around a central well, from which inmates can be observed at all times. Also in extended use.The design was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) in 1787. A scheme for a penitentiary on these lines was accepted by Parliament in 1794, and a site at Millbank, London, was chosen, but in the event the new penitentiary (which opened in 1816) was not built to Bentham's plan. Among later prisons constructed on the panopticon principle, the Stateville Penitentiary at Joliet, Illinois, is still in use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > circular panopticon1790 1790 J. Bentham Let. 2 Sept. (1981) IV. 193 I have given it as you will see in the title page a particular name in a single word, viz: Panopticon or the Inspection-House. 1791 J. Bentham Panopticon i. Postscr. 86 In a Panopticon prison..there ought not any where be a single foot square, on which man or boy shall be able to plant himself..under any assurance of not being observed. 1813 Edinb. Rev. 22 19 The Panopticon was to be open at all times to every magistrate; and at certain hours to the public generally. 1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) v. 128 He..superintends, as in a panopticon, a select circle of rural malefactors. 1954 A. Huxley Themes & Variations (ed. 2) IV. 197 The real horror..an industrial or administrative Panopticon. 1977 Listener 15 Dec. 802/4 The craving for total control found technological expression in Bentham's design for the Panopticon. 1987 P. Conrad Song of Love & Death vi. 297 Searchlights glaringly inspect the panopticon of a concentration camp. 3. gen. A place where everything is on display; a public exhibition hall or showroom. Also figurative. Now historical and rare.Frequently in names of public venues; spec. designating the Royal Panopticon of Science and Art on Leicester Square, opened in 1854 as a scientific exhibition hall and lecture theatre (see quots. 1850, 1885), but closed in 1857 (after which it became the Alhambra theatre and, later, the Odeon). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > place where extensive view obtained prospect1587 prospectivec1616 top (also turret) of speculation1653 outlook1667 observatory1695 panopticon1836 society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > [noun] > place for > room or showcase showroom1699 show-glass1708 showcase1803 panopticon1836 vitrine1880 1836 Brit. Critic Jan. 27 It may still be urged, with regard to the proposed panopticon of the Church, that, although we do not possess it, we can do quite as well without it. 1850 Deed of Settlement of Royal Panopticon of Sci. & Art 1 Royal Panopticon of Science and Art. An institution for Scientific exhibitions and for promoting discoveries in arts manufactures. 1851 J. Hamilton Royal Preacher xix. 231 Whey stood forth so many beautiful and Divine ideas, and from this panopticon of all the possible, His holy wisdom chose the best. 1885 Dict. National Biogr. at Ansell, George Frederick He gave lectures in chemistry at the Panopticon in Leicester Square, London, but that institution did not last long. 2001 R. Kenna Glasgow Pub Compan. (ed. 2) 114/2 It closed in 1903 but was reopened as The Panopticon, a ‘rough’ hall where the patrons did not suffer mediocre ‘turns’ with equanimity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1742
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