Parnassianadj.n.

Brit.

/pɑːˈnasɪən/, U.S.

/pɑrˈnæsiən/

Forms: 1500s– Parnassian, 1600s Parnassean, 1600s Pernassian.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Parnassius , -an suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin Parnassius (also Parnāsius , and in post-classical Latin also Parnasseus , Parnaseus (4th cent.)) of or connected with Mount Parnassus, especially as the source of poetic inspiration ( < Parnassus Parnassus n. + -ius, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare ancient Greek Παρνάσσιος, Παρνάσιος. Compare Middle French pernasien (1516), pernasé (c1502–3) of, relating to, or resembling Mount Parnassus.In senses A. 1c and B. 1c after French parnassien (1866 as noun, 1872 as adjective), specific use of parnassien poet (1718) after the title of Parnasse Contemporain , a periodical founded in 1866 in which the poets of this school were published. In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after scientific Latin Parnassius , genus name (Latreille, in Nouv. dict. hist. nat. (1804) xxiv. 185), apparently itself after post-classical Latin parnassii (plural) or French parnassiens (plural; both Cuvier Tableau élém. de l'hist. nat. des animaux (1798) 590). In sense B. 1c French parnassien also occasionally occurs as an unassimilated loan:1972 C. W. E. Bigsby Dada & Surrealism vi. 58 A group of neoclassicists who, significantly, called themselves the Parnassiens and who included among their number Gautier and Leconte de Lisle.

A. adj.

1. Chiefly literary and poetic.

a. Of or relating to Parnassus, as the source of literary (esp. poetic) inspiration; (hence) of or belonging to poetry, poetic.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > [adjective]

poetical1447

Parnassian1565

Pegasean1590

Hippocrenian1607

Dircaean1730

poetic1731

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iv. f. 10 King Atlas called streight too mynd an auncient prophesie Made by Parnassian Themys [L. Themis hanc dederat Parnasia sortem], which this sentence did implye.

1602 J. Beaumont Metamorph. Tabacco sig. E3 Our poore tongue, which long had barren laine, Wanting the fall of sweete Parnassian raine.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy xi. 56 Hadst thou what strength the Parnassean Muse Can blesse thy fancy with.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 6 The proud Parnassian sneer, The conscious simper, and the jealous leer.

1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 11 Twin'd with the wreaths Parnassian Laurels yield.

1814 I. Lickbarrow Poet. Effusions 91 And how will he, crown'd with Parnassian wreaths, A nameless rhymer's uncouth lines regard.

1884 Harper's Mag. Feb. 335/1 What Parnassian flowerets have strewn its course.

1908 Daily Chron. 15 Apr. 3/3 So poetically says Miss Buckton at the very opening of this latest little sheaf of Parnassian gatherings of hers.

1989 Times (Nexis) 6 Aug. (Books section) Whitworth's creed is clearly declared in the poems, and he names his Parnassian models as here, where Betjeman is invoked.

b. spec. In the writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins: designating a kind of poetry or language which can only be written by poets, but which is not the language of inspiration.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poetic diction > [adjective]

Parnassian1864

1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 216 At last,—this is the point to be marked,—[poets] can see things in this Parnassian way and describe them in this Parnassian tongue, without further effort of inspiration.

1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 217 In Parnassian pieces you feel that if you were the poet you could have gone on as he has done, you see yourself doing it.

1996 N. Murray Life M. Arnold ix. 307 Westminster Abbey, which can only be described in Hopkin's sense as a Parnassian exercise, celebrates Stanley as a Broad Churchman.

c. Of, belonging to, or designating a school of French poetry of the latter half of the 19th cent., whose members rejected Romanticism in favour of the formal structure and emotional detachment of classicism.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [adjective]

metaphysicala1744

metaphysic1779

lakish1819

Parnassian1895

Georgian1912

imagist1912

unanimist1915

imagistic1916

Acmeist1921

ultraist1931

simultanéiste1959

Black Mountain1960

spatialist1964

1895 tr. M. S. Nordau Degeneration iii. ii. 270 The Parnassian theory of art is mere imbecility.

1902 E. Gosse in Daily Chron. 20 May 3/1 This school was that of the Parnassian poets, who ruled French verse from about 1850 to 1890.

1902 E. Gosse in Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 256/1 The name of the ‘Parnassian School’ has been given to a group of poets who belonged to the generation succeeding that of the Rossettis and Wm. Morris.

1967 Guardian 19 May 7/2 Some of the poems are too deliberate, Parnassian.

1998 Britannica Online (Version 98.2) Waller..was sympathetic to the ideals of careful craftsmanship characteristic of the French Parnassian poets and was hostile to the free verse of the symbolists.

2. Entomology. Of, relating to, or designating papilionid butterflies of the genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinae, comprising the apollo butterflies. Cf. earlier B. 2.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Parnassian, resembling or related to the genus Parnassius; belonging to the Parnassiinæ.

2001 Genes & Genetic Syst. 76 229 The genetic distance between the Japanese and the continental subspecies may be large enough that they can be classified as different species, in comparison with the genetic distances among some other parnassian species.

B. n.

a. A poet. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun]

versifierc1340

poeta1382

metrera1387

sayer?a1400

makerc1460

metrician?a1475

metrist?1545

singer1560

swannetc1560

songster1584

muse1596

Castalianist1607

metre-maker1611

versificator1611

swan1613

versemaker1647

verseman1652

Parnassian1658

bard1667

factist1676

poetic1687

minstrel1718

shaper1816

1658 P. Cleveland Upon Mr. J. Cleveland (single sheet) Such was this pure Pernassian, whose clear Nature To gain a World could never brook to flatter.

1659 Lady Alimony i. iii. sig. B A word of high affront to a profest Parnassian.

1829 T. L. Beddoes Let. 30 Apr. in Wks. (1851) I. Mem. p. lxxxvii To keep me up, you must be a daily reader of Walker, Shiel, and the Lit. Gazette Parnassians.

1899 Q. Rev. July 90 There are two souls in these Parnassians.

2001 Boston Globe (Nexis) 26 July d1 She is frustrated that the local poetry gang too often uses her premises as a library and a hangout, and not as a store. Parsimonious Parnassians love to copy poems at Grolier.

b. spec. In the writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Parnassian language or poetry. See sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poetic diction > [noun]

poetic diction1714

Parnassian1864

poetese1948

1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 216 Parnassian then is that language which genius speaks as fitted to its exaltation, and place among other genius, but does not sing..in its flights.

1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 217 In Parnassian pieces you feel that if you were the poet you could have gone on as he has done,..only with the difference that if you actually try to find you cannot write his Parnassian.

1997 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 37 [Hopkins] goes on to criticize him [sc. Tennyson] for writing ‘Parnassian’.]

c. A French poet of the Parnassian school (see sense A. 1c).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun] > poets of specific schools

bardist1588

laker1814

Lakist1822

Parnassian1872

Scottish Chauceriana1883

metaphysical1887

symbolist1888

imagist1912

Acmeist1913

unanimist1915

simultaneist1923

symboliste1925

ultraist1931

spatialist1934

beat poet1955

Black Mountaineer1965

1872 Cornhill Mag. July 38 A little literary club, called the ‘Parnassians’—‘les Parnassiens’—young poets enthusiastic over each other's sonnets.

1882 J. Claretie in Athenæum 9 Dec. 774/2 He does not speak the tortured language of the Parnassians, but the free and clear langage gaulois of Mathurin Régnier.

1893 Nation (N.Y.) 9 Feb. 101/2 Leconte de Lisle..is the head of the Parnassians.

1927 R. L. Mégroz Three Sitwells 136 French poets..the Parnassians, Symbolists, and Decadents.

1982 in R. Brown & D. Bennett Anthol. Canad. Lit. in Eng. 375 The Parnassians, who adhered to Gautier's doctrine of ‘art for art's sake’ in the mid-nineteenth century.

2. Entomology. A papilionid butterfly of the Holarctic alpine genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinae; an apollo butterfly.

ΚΠ

1877 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 6 3 It is well known that the Parnassians alone of the Papilioninæ have been able to gain and maintain a foothold in elevated districts.

1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Parnassian, a member of the genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinæ; an Apollo butterfly.

1963 V. Nabokov Gift ii. 10 The corneal formation appearing beneath the abdomen in the impregnated females of Parnassians.

1984 R. M. Pyle Audubon Soc. Handbk. for Butterfly Watchers xi. 134 From the bullet-shot of giant skippers to the persistent fluttering of parnassians..butterflies exhibit many types of evasive flight.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parnassian
释义	Parnassianadj.n. Brit. /pɑːˈnasɪən/, U.S. /pɑrˈnæsiən/ Forms: 1500s– Parnassian, 1600s Parnassean, 1600s Pernassian. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Parnassius , -an suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin Parnassius (also Parnāsius , and in post-classical Latin also Parnasseus , Parnaseus (4th cent.)) of or connected with Mount Parnassus, especially as the source of poetic inspiration ( < Parnassus Parnassus n. + -ius, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare ancient Greek Παρνάσσιος, Παρνάσιος. Compare Middle French pernasien (1516), pernasé (c1502–3) of, relating to, or resembling Mount Parnassus.In senses A. 1c and B. 1c after French parnassien (1866 as noun, 1872 as adjective), specific use of parnassien poet (1718) after the title of Parnasse Contemporain , a periodical founded in 1866 in which the poets of this school were published. In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after scientific Latin Parnassius , genus name (Latreille, in Nouv. dict. hist. nat. (1804) xxiv. 185), apparently itself after post-classical Latin parnassii (plural) or French parnassiens (plural; both Cuvier Tableau élém. de l'hist. nat. des animaux (1798) 590). In sense B. 1c French parnassien also occasionally occurs as an unassimilated loan:1972 C. W. E. Bigsby Dada & Surrealism vi. 58 A group of neoclassicists who, significantly, called themselves the Parnassiens and who included among their number Gautier and Leconte de Lisle. A. adj. 1. Chiefly literary and poetic. a. Of or relating to Parnassus, as the source of literary (esp. poetic) inspiration; (hence) of or belonging to poetry, poetic. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > [adjective] poetical1447 Parnassian1565 Pegasean1590 Hippocrenian1607 Dircaean1730 poetic1731 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iv. f. 10 King Atlas called streight too mynd an auncient prophesie Made by Parnassian Themys [L. Themis hanc dederat Parnasia sortem], which this sentence did implye. 1602 J. Beaumont Metamorph. Tabacco sig. E3 Our poore tongue, which long had barren laine, Wanting the fall of sweete Parnassian raine. a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy xi. 56 Hadst thou what strength the Parnassean Muse Can blesse thy fancy with. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 6 The proud Parnassian sneer, The conscious simper, and the jealous leer. 1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 11 Twin'd with the wreaths Parnassian Laurels yield. 1814 I. Lickbarrow Poet. Effusions 91 And how will he, crown'd with Parnassian wreaths, A nameless rhymer's uncouth lines regard. 1884 Harper's Mag. Feb. 335/1 What Parnassian flowerets have strewn its course. 1908 Daily Chron. 15 Apr. 3/3 So poetically says Miss Buckton at the very opening of this latest little sheaf of Parnassian gatherings of hers. 1989 Times (Nexis) 6 Aug. (Books section) Whitworth's creed is clearly declared in the poems, and he names his Parnassian models as here, where Betjeman is invoked. b. spec. In the writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins: designating a kind of poetry or language which can only be written by poets, but which is not the language of inspiration. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poetic diction > [adjective] Parnassian1864 1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 216 At last,—this is the point to be marked,—[poets] can see things in this Parnassian way and describe them in this Parnassian tongue, without further effort of inspiration. 1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 217 In Parnassian pieces you feel that if you were the poet you could have gone on as he has done, you see yourself doing it. 1996 N. Murray Life M. Arnold ix. 307 Westminster Abbey, which can only be described in Hopkin's sense as a Parnassian exercise, celebrates Stanley as a Broad Churchman. c. Of, belonging to, or designating a school of French poetry of the latter half of the 19th cent., whose members rejected Romanticism in favour of the formal structure and emotional detachment of classicism. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [adjective] metaphysicala1744 metaphysic1779 lakish1819 Parnassian1895 Georgian1912 imagist1912 unanimist1915 imagistic1916 Acmeist1921 ultraist1931 simultanéiste1959 Black Mountain1960 spatialist1964 1895 tr. M. S. Nordau Degeneration iii. ii. 270 The Parnassian theory of art is mere imbecility. 1902 E. Gosse in Daily Chron. 20 May 3/1 This school was that of the Parnassian poets, who ruled French verse from about 1850 to 1890. 1902 E. Gosse in Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 256/1 The name of the ‘Parnassian School’ has been given to a group of poets who belonged to the generation succeeding that of the Rossettis and Wm. Morris. 1967 Guardian 19 May 7/2 Some of the poems are too deliberate, Parnassian. 1998 Britannica Online (Version 98.2) Waller..was sympathetic to the ideals of careful craftsmanship characteristic of the French Parnassian poets and was hostile to the free verse of the symbolists. 2. Entomology. Of, relating to, or designating papilionid butterflies of the genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinae, comprising the apollo butterflies. Cf. earlier B. 2. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Parnassian, resembling or related to the genus Parnassius; belonging to the Parnassiinæ. 2001 Genes & Genetic Syst. 76 229 The genetic distance between the Japanese and the continental subspecies may be large enough that they can be classified as different species, in comparison with the genetic distances among some other parnassian species. B. n. 1. a. A poet. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun] versifierc1340 poeta1382 metrera1387 sayer?a1400 makerc1460 metrician?a1475 metrist?1545 singer1560 swannetc1560 songster1584 muse1596 Castalianist1607 metre-maker1611 versificator1611 swan1613 versemaker1647 verseman1652 Parnassian1658 bard1667 factist1676 poetic1687 minstrel1718 shaper1816 1658 P. Cleveland Upon Mr. J. Cleveland (single sheet) Such was this pure Pernassian, whose clear Nature To gain a World could never brook to flatter. 1659 Lady Alimony i. iii. sig. B A word of high affront to a profest Parnassian. 1829 T. L. Beddoes Let. 30 Apr. in Wks. (1851) I. Mem. p. lxxxvii To keep me up, you must be a daily reader of Walker, Shiel, and the Lit. Gazette Parnassians. 1899 Q. Rev. July 90 There are two souls in these Parnassians. 2001 Boston Globe (Nexis) 26 July d1 She is frustrated that the local poetry gang too often uses her premises as a library and a hangout, and not as a store. Parsimonious Parnassians love to copy poems at Grolier. b. spec. In the writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Parnassian language or poetry. See sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poetic diction > [noun] poetic diction1714 Parnassian1864 poetese1948 1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 216 Parnassian then is that language which genius speaks as fitted to its exaltation, and place among other genius, but does not sing..in its flights. 1864 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 217 In Parnassian pieces you feel that if you were the poet you could have gone on as he has done,..only with the difference that if you actually try to find you cannot write his Parnassian. 1997 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 37 [Hopkins] goes on to criticize him [sc. Tennyson] for writing ‘Parnassian’.] c. A French poet of the Parnassian school (see sense A. 1c). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun] > poets of specific schools bardist1588 laker1814 Lakist1822 Parnassian1872 Scottish Chauceriana1883 metaphysical1887 symbolist1888 imagist1912 Acmeist1913 unanimist1915 simultaneist1923 symboliste1925 ultraist1931 spatialist1934 beat poet1955 Black Mountaineer1965 1872 Cornhill Mag. July 38 A little literary club, called the ‘Parnassians’—‘les Parnassiens’—young poets enthusiastic over each other's sonnets. 1882 J. Claretie in Athenæum 9 Dec. 774/2 He does not speak the tortured language of the Parnassians, but the free and clear langage gaulois of Mathurin Régnier. 1893 Nation (N.Y.) 9 Feb. 101/2 Leconte de Lisle..is the head of the Parnassians. 1927 R. L. Mégroz Three Sitwells 136 French poets..the Parnassians, Symbolists, and Decadents. 1982 in R. Brown & D. Bennett Anthol. Canad. Lit. in Eng. 375 The Parnassians, who adhered to Gautier's doctrine of ‘art for art's sake’ in the mid-nineteenth century. 2. Entomology. A papilionid butterfly of the Holarctic alpine genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinae; an apollo butterfly. ΚΠ 1877 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 6 3 It is well known that the Parnassians alone of the Papilioninæ have been able to gain and maintain a foothold in elevated districts. 1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Parnassian, a member of the genus Parnassius or the subfamily Parnassiinæ; an Apollo butterfly. 1963 V. Nabokov Gift ii. 10 The corneal formation appearing beneath the abdomen in the impregnated females of Parnassians. 1984 R. M. Pyle Audubon Soc. Handbk. for Butterfly Watchers xi. 134 From the bullet-shot of giant skippers to the persistent fluttering of parnassians..butterflies exhibit many types of evasive flight. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1565
随便看	possessiveness possessivenesses possessives possessor possessoress possessorial possessors possessorship possessory possessory action possessory interdict possessory judgment posset posset ale posset basin posset bowl posset cup posset drink posset pot posset-curd posset-dish possetcurd possetdish posseted posseting