parmesanadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌpɑːmᵻˈzan/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrməˌʒɑn/,

/ˈpɑrməˌzɑn/,

/ˈpɑrməˌzən/

Forms: 1500s parmasen, 1500s parmasian, 1500s parmasine, 1500s parmazen, 1500s parmeson, 1500s– parmesan, 1600s parmasent, 1600s parmazine, 1600s parmesant, 1600s parmezan, 1600s parmisan, 1600s parmisant, 1600s parmisian, 1600s parmizant, 1600s parmyzant, 1600s permasant, 1600s permesant, 1600s permoysaunt, 1600s 1800s parmazan, 1600s–1800s parmasan, 1700s parmazene. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parmisan.

Etymology: < Middle French parmisan (1505 in fromaige parmisan Parmesan cheese, 1414 as fromage permigean in an isolated attestation; French parmesan of Parma (1606); 1596 as noun denoting the cheese, subsequently also denoting a person from Parma) < Italian parmigiano of Parma (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.), (as noun) Parmesan cheese (1344) < the name of Parma (see Parma n.¹) + -igiano , suffix found in many ethnic names (see partisan n.¹).

A. adj.

Of or belonging to Parma, a city and province (formerly a duchy) of northern Italy; esp. designating a hard, dry cheese made there and elsewhere in northern Italy. Also (frequently as postmodifier): designating (Italian) dishes made with this cheese, often used in grated form as a topping. Cf. parm n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [adjective] > relating to specific cheese

parmesan1519

Tillamook1918

Stilton1966

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xvii. f. 162^v Ye shall eate parmeson chese.

1603 D. Carleton in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 25 The Spanish ambassador gave Sir Robert Mansfield a leather jerkin, and the Count D'Aremberg, a Parmesan cheese.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 328 It becomes firm as Parmasan cheese.

1732 in R. B. Peace Mem. Colman Family I. 30 If you would let your steward buy for me a good Parmesan cheese and some Mortadellos.

1769 B. Franklin Let. 9 July in Mem. J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 403 If I could find in any Italian travels, a receipt for making Parmesan cheese, it would give me more satisfaction than a transcript of any inscription from any old stone.

1802 C. Wilmot Irish Peer on Continent (1920) 124 As to the famous sausages of Bologna, we got none, tho' they gave excellent Parmazan Cheese.

1819 Ld. Byron Let. 29 Aug. (1976) VI. 219 He said he was an officer..and pulled out a Parmesan passport signed by General Count Neipperg.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xix. 155 In my snuff-box I carry a piece of Parmesan cheese..very nutritious.

1894 F. I. Antrobus tr. L. Pastor Hist. Popes IV. ii. ix. 353 Pietro Maria de Rossi, Count of San Secondo in the Parmesan territory.

1946 G. Millar Horned Pigeon iii. 47 Denis Patchett..stole a large lump of Parmesan cheese from one of our guards.

1951 Chicago Tribune 30 May b2/4 (advt.) Veal Parmesan. Remove white fibers from..2 lbs. veal cutlets or steak cut ½-inch thick.

1989 Texas Monthly Oct. 26/3 The shrimp Parmesan featured a scant half dozen sautéed jumbo shrimp.

1999 Esquire Dec. 144/3 Wild striped bass with capers and Parmesan risotto.

B. n.

a. Parmesan cheese; (also) a variety or piece of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese

goat cheeseOE

green cheesec1390

rowen cheesea1425

bred-cheesec1440

hard cheesec1470

ruen cheese1510

parmesan1538

spermyse1542

angelot1573

cow-cheese1583

goat's cheese1588

Cheshire Cheese1597

eddish-cheese1615

nettle cheese1615

aftermath cheese1631

marsolini1636

Suffolk cheese1636

Cheddar cheesea1661

rowen1673

parmigianoa1684

raw-milk cheesea1687

fleet cheese1688

sage-cheese1714

Rhode Island cheese1733

Stilton cheese1736

Roquefort cheese1762

American cheese1763

fodder cheese1784

Old Peg1785

blue cheese1787

Dunlop cheese1793

Wiltshire1794

Gloucester1802

Gruyère1802

Neufchâtel1814

Limburger cheese1817

Dunlop1818

fog cheese1822

Swiss cheese1822

Suffolk thumpa1825

Stilton1826

skim dick1827

stracchino cheese1832

Blue Vinney1836

Edam1836

Schabzieger1837

sapsago1846

Munster1858

mysost1861

napkin cheese1865

provolone1865

Roquefort1867

Suffolk bang1867

Leicester1874

Brie1876

Camembert1878

Gorgonzola1878

Leicester cheese1880

Port Salut1881

Wensleydale1881

Gouda1885

primost1889

Cantal1890

Suisse1891

bondon1894

Petit Suisse1895

Gervais1896

Lancashire1896

Pont l'Évêque1896

reggiano1896

Romano1897

fontina1898

Caerphilly cheese1901

Derby cheese1902

Emmental1902

Liptauer1902

farmer cheese1904

robiola1907

gjetost1908

reblochon1908

scamorza1908

Cabrales1910

Jack1910

pimento cheese1910

mozzarella1911

pimiento cheese1911

Monterey cheese1912

processed cheese1918

Tillamook1918

tvorog1918

anari1919

process cheese1923

Bel Paese1926

pecorino1931

Oka1936

Parmigiano–Reggiano1936

vacherin1936

Monterey Jack1940

Red Leicester1940

demi-sel1946

tomme1946

Danish blue1948

Tilsit1950

St.-Maure1951

Samsoe1953

Havarti1954

paneer1954

taleggio1954

feta1956

St. Paulin1956

bleu cheese1957

Manchego1957

Ilchester1963

Dolcelatte1964

chèvre1965

Chaource1966

Windsor Red1969

halloumi1970

Montrachet1973

Chaumes1976

Lymeswold1981

cambozola1984

yarg1984

1538 J. Husee Let. 10 Sept. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/1) f. 12 Palmer delyuerd..the ij pices parmesan.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 147^v The best Cheeses are counted the Parmasines.

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Changeling (1653) i. sig. C2^v A Mouse, that spoild him a Permesant.

1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore i. sig. C3 Hee loued her almost aswell as hee loued Parmasent.

1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 21 Whilst Men live like Rats and Mice, only to eat Parmarine [sic; ?1705 ed. 2 Parmazene], and run squeaking up and down.

1759 W. Verral Compl. Syst. Cookery Pref. p. xx Covered it over with some good old Cheshire cheese instead of Parmesan.

1804 J. Farington Diary 26 Feb. (1923) II. liii. 194 Afterwards a Parmesan & other cheeses & Caviere with toast.

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 456 The principal kinds of cheese at present known in commerce... Camembert, Parmesan, Gruyère, Brie, Roquefort [etc.].

1971 Sunday Times 28 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 39/2 Parmesan is a cheese with remarkable keeping qualities.

2000 N.Y. Times 15 June 66/2 A delectable leg of lamb sandwich with shaved Parmesan, eggplant and onion.

b. English regional (north-eastern). A dish consisting of a fillet of breaded chicken, pork, or other meat that is fried, topped with béchamel sauce and cheese, and then grilled, typically sold as takeaway food. Cf. parmo n.Often with modifying word specifying the type of meat involved. [Probably arising from uses of the adjective as postmodifier in the names of dishes (as e.g. escalope parmesan , pork parmesan , chicken parmesan : see sense A.), adapted to British tastes and with other cheeses substituted.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > other meat dishes

langue de boeuf1381

sawgeatc1390

pome-garneza1450

olive1598

potato pie1600

capilotade1611

carbonade1651

beef à la mode1653

Scots collops1657

Scotch collops1664

galantine1702

grenadine1706

scotched collops1708

à la mode beef1723

miroton1725

German duck1785

cottage pie1791

chartreuse1806

timbale1824

sanders1827

rognon1828

rolliche1830

schalet1846

old thing1848

Brunswick stew1855

scrapple1855

moussaka1862

cannelon1875

crépinette1877

shepherd's pie1877

chop suey1888

estouffade1889

noisette1891

chaudfroid1892

patty1904

boeuf bourguignon1915

sukiyaki1920

bœuf stroganoff1932

bœuf1936

flauta1938

rumaki1941

rendang1948

pastitsio1950

keema1955

bulgogi1958

moo shu1962

Melba1964

shabu-shabu1970

carpaccio1974

al pastor1977

gosht1982

parmo1999

parmesan2003

beef stroganof-

2003 UK Newsquest Regional Press (North East) (Nexis) 18 Mar. The pork parmesan was a breadcrumbed escalope with a creamy sauce.

2003 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 18 Oct. 21 Next time, I will try the chicken parmesan because I need to know if it measures up to Middlesbrough's best.

2003 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 20 Oct. 21 ‘What's a parmesan?’.. Tender chicken breast, squashed flat to the size of a plate before being breaded and topped with a dollop of creamy bechamel sauce and a solid coat of orange Cheddar.

2004 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 7 Jan. 3 Darlington is in for a treat, especially with our secret recipe and parmesans, which are bread-crumbed chicken fillets topped with bechamel sauce and cheddar cheese.

2009 R. Milward Ten Storey Love Song (2010) 18 Him and his boys had been on a bit of a binge the night before, hammering the ecstasy and cheapo Cassini, oh and a Parmesan.

2012 Sunday Sun (Nexis) 27 May 25 I enjoy what I do and I do take pride in my sauce and a lot of pride in my parmesans.

†2. An Italian way of drinking. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > Italian manner of drinking

parmesan1606

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London i. sig. B2 Drunke, according to all the learned rules of Drunkennes, as Vpsy-Freeze, Crambo, Parmizant.

1617 T. Young Englands Bane sig. Dj^v [To] quaffe Vpsey-freese crosse, Bowse in Permoysaunt, in Pimlico, in Crambo.

†a. With the. The duchy or territory of Parma. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > other territories

terra firma1607

parmesan1702

Milanesea1715

Bolognese1756

1702 London Gaz. No. 3822/1 Some of our Men..being seized in the Parmesan.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4396/1 Those Troops which lie in the Mantuan and Parmesan.

1736 Boston Weekly News-let. 15 July 1/1 We hear..that the Spanish Troops were to..join those in the Parmasan.

b. A native or inhabitant of Parma.

ΚΠ

1802 C. Wilmot Irish Peer on Continent (1920) 121 The Parmazans..are check'd so much on all sides, that resentment is unavailing.

1862 T. L. Peacock tr. Gl'ingannati iii. ii. 41 Fruella. The Milanese come here; the Parmesans, the Placentians.

1872 Galaxy Oct. 491 It was held in Mantua, and declared Alexander the legitimate pontiff, whereupon Cadalous assaulted the city with his faithful Parmesans.

1985 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 July i. 12/1 Their ‘Macbeth’ is not Shakespeare's and can't replace it, but one has to be grateful for the chance to see these ingenious Parmesans in an exceedingly strange, and unforgettable, play.

2003 Daily Press (Virginia) (Nexis) 13 Apr. h1 The Parmesans (the people, not the cheese) want the World Trade Organization to decree that when you grate a hunk of Parmesan (the cheese, not the people) onto your spaghetti and meatballs, it had better be from Parma.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parmesan
释义	parmesanadj.n. Brit. /ˌpɑːmᵻˈzan/, U.S. /ˈpɑrməˌʒɑn/, /ˈpɑrməˌzɑn/, /ˈpɑrməˌzən/ Forms: 1500s parmasen, 1500s parmasian, 1500s parmasine, 1500s parmazen, 1500s parmeson, 1500s– parmesan, 1600s parmasent, 1600s parmazine, 1600s parmesant, 1600s parmezan, 1600s parmisan, 1600s parmisant, 1600s parmisian, 1600s parmizant, 1600s parmyzant, 1600s permasant, 1600s permesant, 1600s permoysaunt, 1600s 1800s parmazan, 1600s–1800s parmasan, 1700s parmazene. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parmisan. Etymology: < Middle French parmisan (1505 in fromaige parmisan Parmesan cheese, 1414 as fromage permigean in an isolated attestation; French parmesan of Parma (1606); 1596 as noun denoting the cheese, subsequently also denoting a person from Parma) < Italian parmigiano of Parma (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.), (as noun) Parmesan cheese (1344) < the name of Parma (see Parma n.¹) + -igiano , suffix found in many ethnic names (see partisan n.¹). A. adj. Of or belonging to Parma, a city and province (formerly a duchy) of northern Italy; esp. designating a hard, dry cheese made there and elsewhere in northern Italy. Also (frequently as postmodifier): designating (Italian) dishes made with this cheese, often used in grated form as a topping. Cf. parm n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [adjective] > relating to specific cheese parmesan1519 Tillamook1918 Stilton1966 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xvii. f. 162^v Ye shall eate parmeson chese. 1603 D. Carleton in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 25 The Spanish ambassador gave Sir Robert Mansfield a leather jerkin, and the Count D'Aremberg, a Parmesan cheese. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 328 It becomes firm as Parmasan cheese. 1732 in R. B. Peace Mem. Colman Family I. 30 If you would let your steward buy for me a good Parmesan cheese and some Mortadellos. 1769 B. Franklin Let. 9 July in Mem. J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 403 If I could find in any Italian travels, a receipt for making Parmesan cheese, it would give me more satisfaction than a transcript of any inscription from any old stone. 1802 C. Wilmot Irish Peer on Continent (1920) 124 As to the famous sausages of Bologna, we got none, tho' they gave excellent Parmazan Cheese. 1819 Ld. Byron Let. 29 Aug. (1976) VI. 219 He said he was an officer..and pulled out a Parmesan passport signed by General Count Neipperg. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xix. 155 In my snuff-box I carry a piece of Parmesan cheese..very nutritious. 1894 F. I. Antrobus tr. L. Pastor Hist. Popes IV. ii. ix. 353 Pietro Maria de Rossi, Count of San Secondo in the Parmesan territory. 1946 G. Millar Horned Pigeon iii. 47 Denis Patchett..stole a large lump of Parmesan cheese from one of our guards. 1951 Chicago Tribune 30 May b2/4 (advt.) Veal Parmesan. Remove white fibers from..2 lbs. veal cutlets or steak cut ½-inch thick. 1989 Texas Monthly Oct. 26/3 The shrimp Parmesan featured a scant half dozen sautéed jumbo shrimp. 1999 Esquire Dec. 144/3 Wild striped bass with capers and Parmesan risotto. B. n. 1. a. Parmesan cheese; (also) a variety or piece of this. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese goat cheeseOE green cheesec1390 rowen cheesea1425 bred-cheesec1440 hard cheesec1470 ruen cheese1510 parmesan1538 spermyse1542 angelot1573 cow-cheese1583 goat's cheese1588 Cheshire Cheese1597 eddish-cheese1615 nettle cheese1615 aftermath cheese1631 marsolini1636 Suffolk cheese1636 Cheddar cheesea1661 rowen1673 parmigianoa1684 raw-milk cheesea1687 fleet cheese1688 sage-cheese1714 Rhode Island cheese1733 Stilton cheese1736 Roquefort cheese1762 American cheese1763 fodder cheese1784 Old Peg1785 blue cheese1787 Dunlop cheese1793 Wiltshire1794 Gloucester1802 Gruyère1802 Neufchâtel1814 Limburger cheese1817 Dunlop1818 fog cheese1822 Swiss cheese1822 Suffolk thumpa1825 Stilton1826 skim dick1827 stracchino cheese1832 Blue Vinney1836 Edam1836 Schabzieger1837 sapsago1846 Munster1858 mysost1861 napkin cheese1865 provolone1865 Roquefort1867 Suffolk bang1867 Leicester1874 Brie1876 Camembert1878 Gorgonzola1878 Leicester cheese1880 Port Salut1881 Wensleydale1881 Gouda1885 primost1889 Cantal1890 Suisse1891 bondon1894 Petit Suisse1895 Gervais1896 Lancashire1896 Pont l'Évêque1896 reggiano1896 Romano1897 fontina1898 Caerphilly cheese1901 Derby cheese1902 Emmental1902 Liptauer1902 farmer cheese1904 robiola1907 gjetost1908 reblochon1908 scamorza1908 Cabrales1910 Jack1910 pimento cheese1910 mozzarella1911 pimiento cheese1911 Monterey cheese1912 processed cheese1918 Tillamook1918 tvorog1918 anari1919 process cheese1923 Bel Paese1926 pecorino1931 Oka1936 Parmigiano–Reggiano1936 vacherin1936 Monterey Jack1940 Red Leicester1940 demi-sel1946 tomme1946 Danish blue1948 Tilsit1950 St.-Maure1951 Samsoe1953 Havarti1954 paneer1954 taleggio1954 feta1956 St. Paulin1956 bleu cheese1957 Manchego1957 Ilchester1963 Dolcelatte1964 chèvre1965 Chaource1966 Windsor Red1969 halloumi1970 Montrachet1973 Chaumes1976 Lymeswold1981 cambozola1984 yarg1984 1538 J. Husee Let. 10 Sept. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/1) f. 12 Palmer delyuerd..the ij pices parmesan. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 147^v The best Cheeses are counted the Parmasines. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Changeling (1653) i. sig. C2^v A Mouse, that spoild him a Permesant. 1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore i. sig. C3 Hee loued her almost aswell as hee loued Parmasent. 1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 21 Whilst Men live like Rats and Mice, only to eat Parmarine [sic; ?1705 ed. 2 Parmazene], and run squeaking up and down. 1759 W. Verral Compl. Syst. Cookery Pref. p. xx Covered it over with some good old Cheshire cheese instead of Parmesan. 1804 J. Farington Diary 26 Feb. (1923) II. liii. 194 Afterwards a Parmesan & other cheeses & Caviere with toast. 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 456 The principal kinds of cheese at present known in commerce... Camembert, Parmesan, Gruyère, Brie, Roquefort [etc.]. 1971 Sunday Times 28 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 39/2 Parmesan is a cheese with remarkable keeping qualities. 2000 N.Y. Times 15 June 66/2 A delectable leg of lamb sandwich with shaved Parmesan, eggplant and onion. b. English regional (north-eastern). A dish consisting of a fillet of breaded chicken, pork, or other meat that is fried, topped with béchamel sauce and cheese, and then grilled, typically sold as takeaway food. Cf. parmo n.Often with modifying word specifying the type of meat involved. [Probably arising from uses of the adjective as postmodifier in the names of dishes (as e.g. escalope parmesan , pork parmesan , chicken parmesan : see sense A.), adapted to British tastes and with other cheeses substituted.] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > other meat dishes langue de boeuf1381 sawgeatc1390 pome-garneza1450 olive1598 potato pie1600 capilotade1611 carbonade1651 beef à la mode1653 Scots collops1657 Scotch collops1664 galantine1702 grenadine1706 scotched collops1708 à la mode beef1723 miroton1725 German duck1785 cottage pie1791 chartreuse1806 timbale1824 sanders1827 rognon1828 rolliche1830 schalet1846 old thing1848 Brunswick stew1855 scrapple1855 moussaka1862 cannelon1875 crépinette1877 shepherd's pie1877 chop suey1888 estouffade1889 noisette1891 chaudfroid1892 patty1904 boeuf bourguignon1915 sukiyaki1920 bœuf stroganoff1932 bœuf1936 flauta1938 rumaki1941 rendang1948 pastitsio1950 keema1955 bulgogi1958 moo shu1962 Melba1964 shabu-shabu1970 carpaccio1974 al pastor1977 gosht1982 parmo1999 parmesan2003 beef stroganof- 2003 UK Newsquest Regional Press (North East) (Nexis) 18 Mar. The pork parmesan was a breadcrumbed escalope with a creamy sauce. 2003 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 18 Oct. 21 Next time, I will try the chicken parmesan because I need to know if it measures up to Middlesbrough's best. 2003 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 20 Oct. 21 ‘What's a parmesan?’.. Tender chicken breast, squashed flat to the size of a plate before being breaded and topped with a dollop of creamy bechamel sauce and a solid coat of orange Cheddar. 2004 Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) (Nexis) 7 Jan. 3 Darlington is in for a treat, especially with our secret recipe and parmesans, which are bread-crumbed chicken fillets topped with bechamel sauce and cheddar cheese. 2009 R. Milward Ten Storey Love Song (2010) 18 Him and his boys had been on a bit of a binge the night before, hammering the ecstasy and cheapo Cassini, oh and a Parmesan. 2012 Sunday Sun (Nexis) 27 May 25 I enjoy what I do and I do take pride in my sauce and a lot of pride in my parmesans. †2. An Italian way of drinking. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > Italian manner of drinking parmesan1606 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London i. sig. B2 Drunke, according to all the learned rules of Drunkennes, as Vpsy-Freeze, Crambo, Parmizant. 1617 T. Young Englands Bane sig. Dj^v [To] quaffe Vpsey-freese crosse, Bowse in Permoysaunt, in Pimlico, in Crambo. 3. †a. With the. The duchy or territory of Parma. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > other territories terra firma1607 parmesan1702 Milanesea1715 Bolognese1756 1702 London Gaz. No. 3822/1 Some of our Men..being seized in the Parmesan. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4396/1 Those Troops which lie in the Mantuan and Parmesan. 1736 Boston Weekly News-let. 15 July 1/1 We hear..that the Spanish Troops were to..join those in the Parmasan. b. A native or inhabitant of Parma. ΚΠ 1802 C. Wilmot Irish Peer on Continent (1920) 121 The Parmazans..are check'd so much on all sides, that resentment is unavailing. 1862 T. L. Peacock tr. Gl'ingannati iii. ii. 41 Fruella. The Milanese come here; the Parmesans, the Placentians. 1872 Galaxy Oct. 491 It was held in Mantua, and declared Alexander the legitimate pontiff, whereupon Cadalous assaulted the city with his faithful Parmesans. 1985 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 July i. 12/1 Their ‘Macbeth’ is not Shakespeare's and can't replace it, but one has to be grateful for the chance to see these ingenious Parmesans in an exceedingly strange, and unforgettable, play. 2003 Daily Press (Virginia) (Nexis) 13 Apr. h1 The Parmesans (the people, not the cheese) want the World Trade Organization to decree that when you grate a hunk of Parmesan (the cheese, not the people) onto your spaghetti and meatballs, it had better be from Parma. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1519
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