papern.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpeɪpə/, U.S.

/ˈpeɪpər/

Forms: Middle English papir, Middle English papire, Middle English papur, Middle English papure, Middle English papyre, Middle English paupere, Middle English paupir, Middle English paupire, Middle English–1500s pauper, Middle English–1600s papyr, Middle English– paper, 1500s papre, 1600s–1700s peaper, 1800s– papper (English regional (Cheshire)); Scottish pre-1700 paipar, pre-1700 paiper, pre-1700 paipper, pre-1700 palpire, pre-1700 papar, pre-1700 papeir, pre-1700 papere, pre-1700 papir, pre-1700 papper, pre-1700 papyer, pre-1700 papyre, pre-1700 peaper, pre-1700 pepair, pre-1700 peper, pre-1700 pepier, pre-1700 1700s peiper, pre-1700 1700s– paper, pre-1700 1800s– pepper, pre-1700 1900s– peyper, 1700s piper, 1900s– pipper.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French paper, papier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman papir, paper, papere, papire and Middle French, French papier paper, written document (13th cent. in Old French in a Picard source in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 14th cent.; also 15th cent. in Middle French as paupier ), ultimately < classical Latin papȳrus the papyrus or paper-reed of the Nile, also writing-material made of it ( < Hellenistic Greek πάπυρος the papyrus-reed, also textiles, etc., made of it: see papyrus n.), probably via a northern Italian form, itself after post-classical Latin paperium (13th cent. in an Italian source), alteration of classical Latin papȳrus with remodelling of the ending after words in -erium, although transmission via Catalan paper (1240) is also possible. Compare Old Occitan papier (14th cent.; Occitan papièr), Spanish papel (1273; 1250 as paper), Portuguese papel (1327). The French word was also borrowed into other West Germanic languages, compare Middle Dutch papier (Dutch papier), Middle Low German papīr ( > Old Swedish papir (Swedish papper), Danish papir), Middle High German papier (early modern German papeir, German Papier); Old High German paffūr, papīr, in sense ‘papyrus-reed’, represent direct borrowings of post-classical Latin papirus, and there is apparently no continuity of use with the later German examples. Irish páipéar, Welsh papur are < English (compare also Welsh †pabwyr (1595), directly < Latin).From the writing-sheets made of the thin strips of papyrus the name was transferred to paper made of cotton, linen, and other fibres. Textile-based paper originated in China and was introduced into Europe via Arabic Spain from the 10th or 11th cent.; by the 14th cent. it was widely manufactured in Europe (compare paper mill n.). Post-classical Latin papirus in the sense ‘(textile-based) paper’ is first attested in Italy in 1163. These developments took place before the word entered the English language, so that here its application to papyrus is only a later retrospective use. A possible earlier borrowing of post-classical Latin papirus , in the sense ‘wick’, into Old English is perhaps shown by an isolated attestation of paper in the third Cleopatra Gloss. (the ultimate source of which is Aldhelm Carmen de virginitate 916 Papirus in medio radiabat lumine centro ):eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 187 Papirus, paper. This is perhaps a scribal error for Old English taper taper n.¹, which is once used to gloss Latin papirus elsewhere in the same manuscript. However, compare Welsh pabir taper, pabwyr wick (both 13th cent.) < Latin.

A. n.

I. Senses relating to the material.

a. Material in the form of thin, flexible sheets used for writing, printing, or drawing on, or for wrapping, covering, etc., usually made from wood pulp which is dried, pressed, and (generally) bleached.Formerly (and still occasionally) also made from rags or other fibrous matter.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun]

paper1341

writing paper1477

white paper1683

hand-paper1837

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun]

paper1341

1341–2 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 117 In papyr.

1359–60 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 191 In ij quatyernis de paper empt.

a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) v. 1597 Youre lettres ful, the papir al ypleynted, Conceyved hath myn hertes pietee.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 42 (MED) A book of papyr to wryte in expensis.

a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 131 A reme of papyr wyll nat holde Of thi lewdenes that may be tolde.

1548 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 179 To the Clerkes of the Counsaile for paper, pens and ink.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 24 All their books..are written in parchment, for paper they haue none.

1676 Connecticut Rec. III. 500 Disbursements for paper, wax, books.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 440 He sells his Soul with it, like brown Paper, into the Bargain.

1771 B. Franklin Autobiogr. 308 I sometimes brought home the paper I purchas'd at the stores thro' the streets on a wheel-barrow.

1802 E. Forster tr. Arabian Nights II. 355 He drew from a little writing-case..some paper, a cut cane, and an ink-horn.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Sept. 12/1 A growing tree is now often cut down, made into paper, and turned out as a newspaper in thirty-six hours.

1903 Sci. Amer. 14 Nov. 340/2 A manufacturer of paper [informs us] that the average spruce tree yields a little less than half a cord of wood, which is equivalent to 500 pounds of paper.

1955 L. P. Hartley Perfect Woman xxxv. 317 Isabel fetched paper and string and arranged the sealing-wax and matches and scissors on the dining-room table.

1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) (at cited word) Early Europeans and Americans made high-quality writing paper from cotton and linen rags. Fine writing papers are still made partly or entirely from cloth fibers.

b. to put (also set) pen to paper: to begin writing; to write. to commit to paper: see commit v. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (intransitive)] > begin writing

to put (also set) pen to paper1532

to take up one's pen1621

1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. F.vii I wolde..that they wold set the penne to the paper.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Thales in Panoplie Epist. 197 Not so muche as putting pen to paper.

1621 T. W. in tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard sig. A 4^v My fingers did euen itch to set pen to paper, and to vnclappe so good a Worke.

1725 E. Haywood Bath-intrigues iii. 33 They drank so excessive hard, that my Constitution would not bear it, and I have not, till this moment, been capable of putting Pen to Paper.

1817 T. Lawrence Let. 8 Oct. in D. E. Williams Life Sir T. Lawrence (1831) I. 362 The simple act of putting pen to paper is, I am convinced, a much more formidable thing to men than it is to women.

1871 D. G. Rossetti Let. 2 Aug. (1967) III. 965 I do a deal of making up in my head before I put pen to paper.

1928 in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xiii. 331 I must put pen to paper to ask you what you think of Coolidge's Armistice Speech.

2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 i. 5 His anger..was now at a level where he was calm enough to put pen to paper without perforating the Basildon Bond.

c. on paper: (a) in writing, in print (also upon paper, †in paper (obsolete)); (b) in theory or in principle, rather than in practice or reality.Now generally used of something represented, promised, planned, or forecast (not always actually in writing), with a suggestion that the reality may not match up to expectations.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adverb]

in scripturec1400

in write1483

in (also under) black and white1569

on paper1582

scriptitiously1815

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adverb] > as opposed to in practice

contemplatively1552

on paper1582

nominally1739

in principle1756

theoretically1790

unempirically1848

1582 R. Stanyhurst in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 96 But shal I looue the lady, so as Petrarck Laura regarded? In paper her dandling? her person neauer atayning?

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 161 All those..are rather things in words and paper then in effect.

1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 76, in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The Laws..(on Paper fixt)..pass the Seas.

1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Nov. (1965) I. 64 I have tryd to write plainly. I know not what one can say more upon Paper.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 158 I would oblige the World by putting it in Paper, and making it publick.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 14 A man may be very entertaining and instructive upon paper..and exceedingly dull in common discourse.

1788 Amer. Museum 3 336/2 The form of their constitution, as it is on paper, admits not of coercion. But necessity introduced it in practice.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xii. 227 It is impossible to put an hundredth part of my great mind on paper, so I will abstain altogether.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. vii. 60/2 How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper! Quite another thing in Practice.

1884 E. R. Lankester in Athenæum 29 Mar. 412/2 Lamarckism looks very well on paper, but..when put to the test of observation and experiment it collapses absolutely.

1948 Sat. Rev. 19 June 4/3 The idea sounded fine on paper and gave story editors of rival studios conniption fits, but did not work out in practice.

1977 World of Cricket Monthly June 82/3 On paper, Hampshire looked a short-odds bet for any of the one-day competitions.

2001 This Old House Apr. 124/2 The place measured 2,610 square feet, which sounded good on paper, but almost a sixth of the living space was cored right out of the center by a grand staircase.

d. not (also hardly) worth the paper it's written on: worth very little, valueless; of little or no account.

ΚΠ

1882 W. D. Howells in Cent. Mag. Apr. 930/1 I don't propose to leave this article here until they steal my thunder, and then have it thrown back on my hands not worth the paper it's written on.

1908 H. G. Wells War in Air i. 31 If them Germans or them Americans get hold of this..the British Empire's done... The Union Jack, so to speak, won't be worth the paper it's written on.

1975 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 74 75 ‘An oral agreement’, Samuel Goldwyn quipped, ‘isn't worth the paper it's written on.’

1996 Daily Star 26 Feb. 31/2 Many people take out cheap insurance only to find that there are so many ifs and buts that the policy is hardly worth the paper it's written on.

a. Material resembling paper (sense A. 1a) in function, consistency, or texture, but differently made.In early use applied spec. to papyrus or a similar substance.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > [noun] > writing material like paper

papera1398

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > member of (moth) > fibrous substance produced for nests

paper1843

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 242 Þey makeþ þerof [sc. of papyrus] papyre to wryte Inne.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 506 Of the pith or heart of the tree, is made paper for bookes.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 102 The sedgie reeds,..called formerly Papyri, of which they made paper; and whereof ours made of rags, assumeth that name.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 105/1 This [ligneous] fibre..is made into a paper, of which are constructed the combs [of a wasps' nest].

1872 Q. Rev. 132 221 They make paper of the fine white bast or skin which lies between the wood and the bark.

1974 Sci. Amer. June 8/2–3 There is considerable interest in the industry in plastic papers based on polypropylene, polyethylene or polystyrene for archival, legal or map papers.

b. Material made from paper or paper pulp and used in construction, artwork, or building, as papiermâché, boards or slabs for roofing, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun]

paper1671

1671 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) II. x. iv. 32 Though Paper be one of the commonest Bodies that we use, yet there are very few that imagine..that Frames for Pictures, and divers fine pieces of Emboss'd work, with other Curious Moveables, may..be made of it.

1778 Tour thro' Great Brit. Birmingham, Mr. Clay's manufactory for japanning, &c., making paper cases, stands, waiters, tea-boards, coach-pannels, &c., all of paper, finely varnished, and painted.

1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign ii. 25 [Buluwayo] well filled with buildings, all single-storeyed, some brick, some tin, some ‘paper’ (i.e. wire-wove, ready~made in England, sent out in pieces), all with verandahs.

1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign iii. 80 These ‘paper’ houses are common in Buluwayo—they are really wire-wove, with wooden frames, iron roofs, cardboard walls.

1997 New Yorker 2 June 20/2 A unique seven-hundred-year-old sculpture of Monju, the bodhisattva of wisdom, is made of lacquered paper.

a. A piece of paper serving as a wrapper or receptacle, often including the contents; a paper container of some commodity; spec. a dose or measure of a drug, esp. a narcotic, contained in a paper wrapper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > made of paper

paper1488

cornet1530

coffin1577

screw1832

1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 81 In a litill paper..ane vche with a diamant.

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxviij^v The warden..toke a basyn full of folden papres with relyques in eche of them.

1567 in D. H. Fleming Mary Queen of Scots (1897) 508 Item xxiiij papir of prenis to the Quenis dule.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 227 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors A paper of Fruits and Conserves for the Desert.

1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 82 Two Papers of Thee.

1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 30 Sept. 4/2 To be Sold by Yeomans and Company very reasonably iron ware..papers of patches, strip'd duffils, [etc.].

a1776 R. James Diss. Fevers (1778) 48 I gave him half a paper more of the Powder.

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 229 A little basket, which..contains a small black bottle and a paper of sandwiches.

1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. 1037/3 A paper of..opium.

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xi. 99 And I need me some thread and a paper o' needles.

1964 M. Lawrence Stone Angel 13 Sometimes when I got a star for my work, he'd give me a paper of button candies.

1989 Boston Globe 8 Dec. 3/4 In Hawaii, one-tenth gram or ‘paper’ of ice costs $50 and usually produces an eight- to 30-hour high.

b. A sheet or leaf of paper, esp. for writing on. Now chiefly in technical use.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > piece or sheet of paper

throughc1500

foil1528

paper?1548

?1548 D. Lindsay Tragical Death Dauid Beaton sig. Cij A paper blanke, I gatte his grace subseriue.

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming f. ix Take Beng[e]wyn & bray it well betwixt two papers.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. i. sig. B1^v His Soule is yet a white paper vnscribled with obseruations of the world.

1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 30 Straine it through a browne paper rowled within a tunnel.

1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 5 Let 'em stand all Night in the Pan they are boil'd in, with a Paper laid close to 'em.

1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. 94 The mind is often compared to a tablet or paper... But, in truth, the mind can never resemble a blank paper.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 19 Papers are medicated leaves or sheets of paper for external use.

1933 Libr. Jrnl. 1 Apr. 317/1 The microprints can be arranged 4 × 4 on a paper.

1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) viii. 222 You may think of formatting a disk as similar to drawing lines on a paper before you write on it.

c. Entomology. A triangular envelope made of folded paper for storing an insect specimen, esp. a butterfly.

ΚΠ

1894 W. F. Kirby Handbk. Lepidoptera I. p. lv The cheapest way of buying Butterflies is to buy miscellaneous lots at an auction, especially lots in papers.

1970 H. Oldroyd Collecting, Preserving & Studying Insects (ed. 2) iv. 88 To make an envelope, or ‘paper’, the material is cut into rectangles, with their sides in the proportions 3:5.

1997 P. J. DeVries Butterflies of Costa Rica II. 81 Most people will be confronted with dried specimens in papers that need to be relaxed.

4. In plural. Curl-papers (see curl-paper n.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > curling implement > curl paper

papers1685

roller1739

papillote1748

toilet paper1809

curl-papera1817

1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice iv. 33 Today the Beauty Lyes ambush'd in undresses, the hair pin'd up in Papers.

a1746 M. Leapor Poems (1748) I. 5 Let Isabel unload her aking Head Of twisted Papers, and of binding Lead.

1772 J. Woodforde Diary 21 Apr. (1924) I. 114 We..caught my Sister Jane at table with her hair up in papers.

1819 J. Keats Let. 16 Apr. (1958) II. 92 Do you put your hair in papers of a night?

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. ix. 290 Take their hair out of papers.

1917 T. S. Eliot Prufrock & Other Observ. 26 Sitting along the bed's edge, where You curled the papers from your hair.

1968 A. Morse Two Centuries Costume in Amer. 516 Page after page is devoted to the placing of the hair in papers... The rules for pinching these papers with hot irons are elaborate to a degree.

5. Wallpaper; a sheet of wallpaper.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > wall-paper

paperhanging1693

paper1750

papering1823

wallpaper1827

wallpapering1864

1665 in J. A. Johnston Probate Inventories of Lincoln Citizens 1661–1714 (1991) 10 In the mens Chamber and paper Chamber [i.e. a room with paper hangings] one bedstead with an old feather bed.]

1750 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 562 The paper is pearl coloured caffoy paper; the pattern like damask.

1762 in C. R. Lounsbury Illustr. Gloss. Early Southern Archit. & Landscape (1994) 258 Paper to hang 3 Parlours.

1830 M. Edgeworth Let. 17 Nov. (1971) 430 When I went down to the library..I was charmed even with the fuschia-trellis looking paper.

1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xiv. 53 What our paper may have been in its earlier stages of existence I am not prepared to say; but since I can remember..the wall presented every nuance of purplish salmon.

1945 Catal. Exhib. Eng. & Hist. Wallpapers (Central Inst. Art & Design) 6 The most beautiful of all..are the hand-painted Chinese papers.

1987 A. Perry Cardington Crescent (1991) vi. 133 Mrs March threw the door open so violently it jarred against the wall and bruised the paper.

6. Short for cigarette paper n. at cigarette n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette > tobacco and paper for rolling > cigarette paper

cigarette paper1860

Zig-Zag1909

papera1911

Rizla1916

Rizla paper1939

rolling paper1943

tissue1952

skin1967

1904 World (N.Y.) 1 May (Mag.) 6/4 ‘Papes’ are the papers necessary to make cigarettes.]

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xi. 179 He took a package of tobacco and a sheaf of papers from his trousers pocket, rolled and lighted a cigarette.

1950 P. Tempest Lag's Lexicon 180 A packet of papers is worth one ‘roll-up’.

1994 J. Kelman How Late it Was 342 He held his hand out until it was put there; he got a paper out and began rolling another smoke.

II. Paper bearing writing, illustrations, etc.

a. A piece, sheet, or leaf of paper bearing writing or printing; esp. a legal or official document written or printed on paper. In plural: written notes, memoranda, letters, official documents, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > [noun]

writlOE

charterc1270

writingc1384

paper1389

monument1405

instrument1426

cartec1449

chart1616

diploma1645

diplome1669

expedition1685

law-writings1701

chirograph1844

society > communication > printing > paper > [noun]

paper1389

printing paper1593

white paper1683

print paper1858

society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on paper

chartera1382

paper1389

shed1510

schede1566

cartel1693

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun]

rounOE

pagine?c1225

writ-rounc1275

dite1340

writing1340

paperc1390

scripturea1400

writinga1400

charactc1400

textc1400

papera1500

black and white1569

page?1606

character1609

litera scripta1660

matter1683

legend1822

screed1834

reading1836

1364–5 Rolls of Parl. II. 287/1 Surmettantz a eux qe sont Dettours, & ce voillent ils prover par lour papirs.]

1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 47 To kepe wel & trewely all þe pointz of þis papir.

a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) 4735 (MED) Full merily demene you..For of his paupires strike oute plain be ye.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. M2^v Which he disclosing, read thus, as the paper spake.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 302 George Bishop of Murrey was a whole winter mummilling upon his papers, and had not his sermon per cœur when all was done.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 203 His name is Pityless; so he hath writ himself in all papers of concern as wherein he has had to do.

1706 Mrs. Ray in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 208 As to my husband's papers I have put them all..into Mr. Dale's hands.

1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. xv. 180 They may..search his papers, make his process and in conclusion, put him to death.

1878 Harper's Mag. Mar. 599/2 Struggling families who have ‘one room to let’, or..a modest paper in a window ‘Borders wanted’.

1902 W. Besant Five Years' Tryst 29 ‘You've signed some paper or other, of course?’ ‘I've signed a dozen papers.’

1956 A. J. Cronin Crusader's Tomb 187 ‘Now, let me see what we can do for you.’ He consulted a paper on the desk.

1996 Daily Tel. 26 July 16/1 Bill has fallen for a therapist, Melissa, and will settle down into the serene drudgery of weathercasting once he can make Jo sign the divorce papers.

b. Paper bearing writing; written documents collectively.In some uses, not easily distinguished from sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun]

rounOE

pagine?c1225

writ-rounc1275

dite1340

writing1340

paperc1390

scripturea1400

writinga1400

charactc1400

textc1400

papera1500

black and white1569

page?1606

character1609

litera scripta1660

matter1683

legend1822

screed1834

reading1836

c1390 G. Chaucer Cook's Tale 4404 Vpon a day whan he his paper soghte, Of a prouerbe.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xiv. 38 (MED) The marchante mote nede be lette..For þe parcels of hus paper [v.r. paupere] and oþer pryuey dettes Wol lette hym.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 212 How calm he sits at ease, Mid snows of paper, and fierce hail of pease.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch I. xx. 363 A wife..who, instead of observing his abundant pen-scratches and amplitude of paper with..uncritical awe..seemed to present herself as a spy watching everything with a malign power of inference.

1966 Rep. Comm. Inq. (Univ. of Oxf.) I. 241 Upon this depends the ability of the Vice-Chancellor to make himself felt, his capacity to think ahead and to give a lead without having continually to submerge himself in paper.

1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! iv. 21 His attempt to sabotage the National Health Service system by choking it with paper, lots and lots of paper.

†8. A notice fastened on the back of a criminal undergoing punishment, specifying his or her offence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > note specifying prisoner's offence

papera1529

a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 23 So myche papers weryng for ryghte a smalle ex[c]esse.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lix He so punyshed periurye with open punyshment & open papers werynge, that in his tyme it was lesse vsed.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 45 Why he comes in like a periure, wearing papers .

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 310/1 To stand on the Pillory..with Papers of his Offence set on his Back.

9. In plural. State papers. Frequently in the titles of officers or departments concerned with the conservation of state papers, as Office of His (also Her) Majesty's Papers, Clerk (also Keeper, Register) of the Papers, etc.The ‘Office of Her Majesty's Papers and Records for Business of State and Council’ was established in 1578. Around 1800 the terms ‘papers of state’, ‘paper-office’, etc., were superseded by ‘State papers’, ‘State paper office’, etc. See also paper-office n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun]

papers1612

paper1646

state paper1649

1612 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 225 The Othe of the Clerke of the Papers for matters of State.

1612 Indorsement in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 225 A Register of the later Bookes and Papers of English business..delivered into the Office of the Papers at Whitehall, at the death of the Earle of Salisbury, late Lord Treasurer.

1629 T. Wilson Petition in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 239 Clerk, Keeper and Register of Your Majesty's Papers and Records for business of State and Council.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 146 Thereupon I desired that the original papers..of the last king might be seen.

?1782 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 270 To preserve the Papers of State for the use of the public.

1799 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 287 The King's papers require an arrangement applicable to the dispatch of business.

1807 Hansard 2 Jan. (1812) 259 The order of the day being read for summoning their lordships to take into consideration the Papers relative to the late Negociation with France.

1841 (title) British and foreign state papers, 1812–1814... Compiled by the Librarian and Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office.

1901 Dict. National Biogr. at Victoria She [sc. Queen Victoria] still required all papers of state to be regularly submitted to her.

1993 A. Seaton Russo-German War xvii I should like to express my gratitude to government departments..who have given me assistance or advice in acquiring source material. In particular:..the Foreign and Commonwealth Librarian and Keeper of the Papers.

10. A newspaper or journal. Also in plural, with the: newspapers collectively; the press.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun]

intelligencer1598

courant1621

coranto1624

paper1642

mercury1643

newsletter1665

newspaper1667

slip1688

raga1734

news1738

gazetteer1742

sheet1754

news sheet1841

spread1848

linen-draper1857

newsprint1897

blat1932

linen1955

mimeo newspaper1973

1642 Prince Rupert Declar. 3 Those impudent unpunished papers cried daily in the streets.

1690 Publick Occurrences (Boston) 25 Sept. 1/1 The Publisher of these Occurrences..will in this Paper..expose the Name [of the spreader of a false report].

1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 19. ⁋4 The Examiner was a Paper in the last Reign.

1789 S. Low Politician Outwitted i. i There's never anything in this paper but what's on your side of the question.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xix. 6 She entered the room where St. Clare lay reading his paper.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters i. i. 14 The office of the local paper (for the place has a paper—they all have papers).

1924 J. Buchan Three Hostages i. 10 I was becoming such a mossback that I had almost stopped reading the papers.

1963 ‘A. Gilbert’ Ring for Noose viii. 97 At all events he hadn't made the morning papers.

1977 E. Heath Travels iii. 56 The news-boys were shouting vociferously and we hurried to buy a paper.

2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xli. 620 We can't do that because..somebody on the Hill would leak it to the papers in a New York minute.

2004 N. G. Tomaiuolo Web Libr. ii. 65 While 57 percent of adults read a daily newspaper, 67 percent read a daily paper online; and while 67 percent read a Sunday paper, 78 percent read a Sunday paper online.

11.

a. A document presented to Parliament (as a report, an outline of proposed legislation, a statement of policy, etc.). to move for papers: to make a speech calling for papers relating to a particular subject (an expedient used in the House of Lords to enable the mover to voice his or her opinion on the subject, the motion usually being withdrawn afterwards); hence motions on papers.See also Green Paper n. at green adj. and n.¹ Compounds 1d(a), notice paper n. at notice n. Compounds 2, order paper n. at order n. Compounds 3, white paper n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun]

papers1612

paper1646

state paper1649

1646 Mercurius Civicus No. 179. 2432 In the Papers presented to the Honourable Houses of Parliament, the Commissioners of the kingdome of Scotland doe declare, that the cause of the stay and continuance of their Army in this kingdome is not on their part.

1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 101 All these papers have passed uncensured..by the two houses of parliament.

1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 8 Feb. 181 There is a green bag full of papers..laid before Parliament.

1861 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VII. xxvi. 453 Mr. James Paull..moved for papers, upon which he proposed to ground grave charges against the late governor-general.

1880 B. Disraeli Endymion III. xi. 112 When Lord Roehampton had considered the ministerial reply, he said to Endymion, ‘This must be followed up. You must move for papers.’

1946 G. Campion T. E. May's Treat. Law, Privilege, Proc. & Usage of Parl. (ed. 14) xvi. 325 If a Peer..wishes to reserve to himself the right to reply to the debate, he adds at the end of his question the words ‘and to move for papers’, since..the mover of any motion has a right of reply.

1993 R. L. Borthwick in D. Shell & D. Beamish House of Lords at Work viii. 213 Debates..held on motions are principally of two types: motions to take note and motions on papers (that is, motions asking for papers on a subject to be laid before the House—such motions are never moved..and are always withdrawn).

b. An essay, dissertation, or article (on a particular topic). Now: esp. an article or dissertation read at a conference, symposium, etc., or submitted to a journal.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > essay > [noun] > other types of essay

paper1652

by-paper1659

communication1668

programme1671

memoira1680

photo-essay1948

1652 ‘W. Birchley’ Christian Moderator: 2nd Pt. 4 The Paper, containing certain Doctrins of the Papists, and by them delivered to divers persons of quality for their particular satisfaction.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical i. 2 I know not what Success these Papers will find in the World.

1790 Trans. Soc. Arts 8 210 A short paper on the Cinnamon tree.

1816 H. Downing Mary 37 The sermons, pamphlets, papers, books, reviews, That plead our own opinions, we peruse.

1882 Nature 9 Feb. 351/1 The second paper was..on the system of dredging introduced..on the rivers of France.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 464/2 Information concerning the aboriginal remains in the state may be found in two papers by Clarence B. Moore.

1992 Economist 18 Jan. 76/1 It [sc. America] spends more on science than any other country and its scientists publish more scientific papers than the EC and Japan put together.

12. In plural.

a. The documents carried by a ship indicating ownership, nationality, destination, etc. (more fully ship's papers); (also) documents attesting the identity or credentials of a person, esp. as required for travel or employment.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > ship's papers > [noun]

papers1651

ship-papers1661

shipping-papers1840

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc

card1749

papers1796

legitimation1870

dog tag1882

identity papers1889

identity certificate1891

identification tag1893

identity card1900

identification1906

identity disc1907

identification disc1914

disca1918

meat ticket1919

warrant card1920

carte d'identité1923

ID1937

ID card1937

reference book1952

1651 Perfect Passages Intelligence Army No. 44. 309 The other [ship was] from Pouldavy, as he said, bound from Swansey in Wales, but he produced no papers.

1685–8 in Black Bk. Admiralty (1871) I. 29 To examine them well about their ladeing and likewise their papers and documents.

1712 Boston News-let. 19 May 2/2 The Capt. being jealous of him, sent on board to view his Papers, and having found a French Pass, he..carry'd her in to Antigua and had her Condem'd.

1794 in Story's Pract. Prize Courts (1854) 4 Every ship must be provided with complete and genuine papers.

1796 W. Pitt Let. 2 Nov. I accompanied your memorial with all your papers.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 473 A fine ship named the Redbridge... Her papers had been made out for Alicant.

1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) I. 24 I sent my testimonials to the Professor's employer... Three days passed, and I concluded, with secret satisfaction, that my papers had not been found sufficiently explicit.

1914 E. A. Powell Fighting in Flanders ii. 45 One never stirred out of doors in Antwerp without one's papers, which had to be shown before one could gain admission to the post office..or any other public buildings.

1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana v. iv. 230 No visa was required. His papers were in order.

1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 29/2 (advt.) Applicant must possess thorough knowledge of hot water heating systems and preferably possess engineers papers.

2001 Times 30 Nov. 14/3 The Milan group are heard discussing bomb-making, preparing false papers, fretting about their security and watching al-Qaeda videos.

b. The certificates which accompany a military officer's application for permission to resign. Chiefly in to send in one's papers: to resign.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > specific certificates

pass1617

beating-order1721

smart ticket1734

papers1872

society > authority > office > withdrawing from or vacating office > vacate office [verb (intransitive)]

resign1395

recede1452

retirec1598

to take, lay down, resign the fascesa1625

to go out1642

to sing one's nunc dimittis1642

to make one's bowa1656

to lay down1682

to swear off1698

vacate1812

to send in one's papers1872

to step down1890

to stand down1926

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (intransitive)] > vacate an office or position > resign

resign1395

resignate1531

to go out1642

to lay down1682

to swear off1698

to turn up1819

to pull the pin1860

to send in one's papers1872

to step down1890

to snatch it or one's time1941

1872 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Apr. 302/1 I sent in my papers, packed up my traps, and here I am.

1890 W. E. Norris Misadventure xvi He wished him..to send in his papers before his marriage.

1960 Victorian Stud. June 326 Those, like Captain Gadsby..in the end sent in their papers for the sake of their wife and family.

1971 Dict. National Biogr. 1951–60 353/2 When new appointments were announced in January 1922 he was again passed over. He therefore sent in his papers.

c. Documents establishing the pedigree of an animal, esp. a dog or horse.

ΚΠ

1940 Washington Star 23 June e 8/4 (advt.) Wire-haired terrier, with papers.

1976 Billings (Montana) Sunday Gaz. 20 June 9- d/3 (advt.) 3 yr old tb. stallion no papers.

1990 Atlantic Mar. 51/1 Purebred dogs without papers represent a ‘type’..rather than a breed.

13.

a. Negotiable documents, bills of exchange, promissory notes, etc., collectively; banknotes as opposed to coins.commercial paper: see commercial adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun]

paper money1669

bank paper1696

paper1704

rag1797

scrieve1800

rag money1808

soft1809

soft currency1837

stamps1872

scratch1914

folding money1930

ready1937

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun]

credit1662

paper1704

commercial paper1836

stamped paper1847

near money1936

near-cash1937

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 601 The custom..being to make their payments in Paper by Assignations.

c1722 Earl of Mar Legacy to Scotl. (1896) 201 The paper could not exceed more than a certain quantity..in proportion to the specie in the nation.

1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 491 It will be necessary to send hard money here..as paper will not yet go down.

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xxii. 72 But rarely seen, like gold compared with paper.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxvi. 259 It was whispered among the tradesmen, bill-discounters, and others..that the Captain's ‘paper’ was henceforth of no value.

1883 Manch. Examiner 14 Dec. 4/1 For three months' bills the terms were..2⁵/ ₈ per cent., but for January paper the rate was stiffer.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 12/2 Without..feeling—as he puts it—that he is ‘a pawn with a breech-loader on an open-air chess~board, to be moved at the bidding of a despotic keeper who only takes paper’.

1937 E. Snow Red Star over China vi. iv. 234 Only Soviet paper was in use, except in the border counties, where White paper was also accepted.

1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iv. 125 Brokers could find no more buyers for the IBM paper, which promised a return of nearly 9.5 percent, because the interest rate on long-term government bonds had already climbed higher.

b. slang (chiefly U.S.). A forged or worthless cheque; a forged document.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque > forged or dishonoured

paper1850

stumer1890

rubber cheque1922

kite1927

rubber kite1961

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxiv. 244 That kite-flying, you know, Mr. M., always takes two or three on 'em to set the paper going. Altamont put the pot on at the Derby, and won a good bit of money.

1925 Flynn's 7 Mar. 191/2 Paper,..forged notes or checks.

1930 Liberty 19 July 27/1 I turn out bills of sale by the dozen. I don't like to do it as it is not playing square with my dealers. They don't know they're getting worthless papers.

14. Theatre slang. Free tickets or passes to a theatrical performance; the people admitted by free tickets or passes. As a count noun: such a ticket or pass. Cf. paper v. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > for free use or admission

free pass1653

billet1697

order1763

paper1785

pass1838

courtesy card1934

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [noun] > theatre audience > one who receives free pass > collectively

paper1888

1785 Apol. Life G. A. Bellamy (ed. 2) II. xliii. 114 The piece [sc. Romeo and Juliet at Drury Lane and Covent Garden] was performed so many nights, that the public as well as the performers were tired and disgusted with it. We [at Drury Lane], however, got the advantage of some nights. But this was not done without a great deal of paper, which was bestowed upon the occasion.

1820 C. Mathews Let. in A. Mathews Mem. C. Mathews (1839) III. 165 He had spoken to the cash-taker of the rooms, who said, this is all the money (not much), and there's plenty of paper.

1825 P. Egan Life of Actor iv. 144 ‘Theatrical paper’ has been frequently known to silence many a harsh tongue; and also to change the looks of an angry creditor.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 May 4/2 How much paper there was in St. James's Hall yesterday we do not know, but the hall, in any case, must have been remuneratively full.

1927 Vanity Fair 29 132/3 ‘Paper’ is a pass.

1951 ‘J. Tey’ Daughter of Time ii. 21 Johnny Garson can tell you how much paper there is in the house what time he is sobbing his heart out.

1982 S. Brett Murder Unprompted ix. 90 ‘Lot of paper in tonight, isn't there?’ said Bartlemas, looking up to the Circle and Gallery.

15. A printed set of questions to be answered at one sitting in an examination; a candidate's collection of written answers to such questions.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > paper

test-paper1827

examination paper1829

paper1835

exam paper1837

taste-paper1860

bumf1889

special paper1960

1835 W. Whewell in I. Todhunter William Whewell (1876) II. 213 I have hardly had time to con over your examination papers.

1838 T. Arnold in A. P. Stanley Life of Dr. Arnold (1844) II. 114 The recommendation of the Vice-Chancellor, that the Examinations should be conducted entirely through the medium of printed papers.

1861 M. Burrows Pass & Class (1866) 21 The Pass papers occupy one day, the Class papers from four to five.

1931 H. F. Pringle Theodore Roosevelt I. iii. 37 Lodge..graded their papers with undue severity.

1956 A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Attitudes i. iv. 147 Gerald sat in his study, marking the History Finals papers.

1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. p. ix This book contains sample questions in each chapter and your teacher should provide complete papers.

16. U.S. slang.

a. As a count noun: a playing card.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun]

card1463

playing card1480

carte1497

bookc1575

charta1680

broad1789

flat1819

pasteboard1840

paper1842

painted mischief1879

boards1923

1842 Southern Literary Messenger 8 412/1 I found myself..around a table in a corner, and the ‘papers’ in motion.

1862 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 41 Those whose taste inclines them that way are playing with the ‘spotted papers’.

1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/1 Papers, playing cards.

1950 J. Lait in San Francisco Examiner 12 Feb. (Pictorial Review section) The few times I get to pass out the papers I slip myself a few low ones.

b. As a mass noun: marked playing cards.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > cards of specific quality

mattress1685

merry-andrews1759

highlanders1816

Harrys or King Harrys1842

Mogul1842

paper1894

1894 J. N. Maskelyne ‘Sharps & Flats’ 43 In America..one may still find ‘saloons’ which are stocked entirely with this kind of ‘paper’ as the cards are called.

1929 M. A. Gill Underworld Slang 9/2 Paper, marked playing cards.

1938 H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 37 In the early days of Poker the marked cards used by sharpers were prepared beforehand by the gamblers themselves, and were known as ‘paper’.

17. U.S. colloquial. Posters or similar publicity material collectively. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill

bill1480

placard1560

ticket1567

pancart1577

affix1589

si quis1597

affiche1602

placketa1605

programme1633

programmaa1661

advertisement1692

clap-bill1699

handbill1718

daybill1731

show bill?a1750

notice1766

play-card1778

card1787

posting bill1788

poster1818

sticker1862

flyer1889

paper1896

1896 N.Y. Dramatic News 18 July 12/1 Car No. 6..was here July 7–8, posting very attractive paper, which reads ‘coming soon’.

1903 W. C. Thompson On Road with Circus i. 23 The posters and lithographs sent out in advance are ‘paper’.

1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §571/6 Paper, posters.

†III. Other uses.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

18. herb paper, water paper (William Turner's names for the papyrus plant): see the first element.

B. adj.

a. Made of paper; constructed from paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [adjective] > made or consisting of paper

paper1552

papern1616

chartaceous1657

papyral1848

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16282.3) (facing colophon) Bounde..in paper bordes.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. H4^v As if it had beene a candle in a paper lanterne.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 236 Certain Cords whereat hung Paper-Lanthorns.

1670 W. Clarke Nat. Hist. Nitre 60 The paper-Bills on the walls..remain'd like the Gold unburn'd.

1759 Newport (Rhode Island) Mercury 10 Apr. 4/2 Ivory-stick Fans, Bamboo ditto, Black Paper ditto, Black Gauze Handkerchiefs.

1796 J. Austen Let. 9 Jan. (1995) 2 We have trimmed up and given away all the old paper hats of Mamma's manufacture.

1834 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. II. 213 We..were lighted to the dancing hall by paper lanterns.

1864 Harper's Mag. Dec. 58/2 With an umbrella and a shawl, inclosing a box of paper collars.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 477 Seedy young men with us object to carrying paper parcels for fear of being taken for tailors.

1934 A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 6 He..decreed..that we should be given paper hats, balloons, and cardboard trumpets.

1969 ‘H. Pentecost’ Girl Watcher's Funeral (1970) ii. i. 94 That first punch..smashed through my guard like a paper doyley.

2001 B. Geddes World Food: Caribbean 126 Finger foods..include kachourie (split-pea fritters) and saheena (spinach fritters), served on a paper towel.

b. With defining word: made of paper of the specified form or kind.

ΚΠ

1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed sig. D4^v And may not dirty socks, from off the feete From thence be turn'd to a crowne-paper sheete?

1708 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 8 Apr. 101 3 small-paper Livys.

1817 T. F. Dibdin Bibliogr. Decameron II. 526 His great error lay in double head-bands, and brown-paper linings.

1886 W. M. Lindsay in Academy 4 Dec. 382/1 No. 1196, a cotton-paper MS., with leaves enlarged by linen-paper borders.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 542/3 The choice between writing for those pulp-paper magazines that pay by the word and the smooth-paper magazines that pay by the story.

1991 Bicycle Guide Sept. 12/2 My glossy-paged nonrecycled-paper copy of Bicycle Guide.

a. figurative. Consisting of or carried on by means of pamphlets, documents, letters to periodicals, etc.; literary, written.See also paper war n., paper warfare n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [adjective]

literala1500

characteristical1588

paper1592

characterical1595

literary1646

society > communication > correspondence > letter > [adjective]

paper1592

epistolical1615

epistolary1627

epistolar1649

literal1650

literary1656

epistolic1670

epistolatory1675

society > leisure > the arts > literature > [adjective]

literalc1450

literate1558

bookish1567

paper1592

literary1605

literatory1652

belletristical1799

belletristic1821

belletrist1889

lit.1895

written1909

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. B3 So..was this Paper-monster, Pierce Penilesse, begotten.

?a1600 (a1575) N. Harpsfield Life T. Moore (Emmanuel) (1932) 3 I doo..present your woorshipp euen with a paper newyeres gifte.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 228 Shall quippes and sentences, and these paper bullets of the brain awe a man.

1636 W. Prynne Unbishoping of Timothy & Titus To Rdr. 3 Bookes of controversie, and paper-battles.

1672 Earl of Clarendon Ess. in Tracts (1727) 252 It thought it seasonable to discontinue those paper-skirmishes.

1727 W. Stukeley in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. 199 My retreat secures me from malice and envy and all other kinds of paper-gall.

1862 R. F. Burton City of Saints (ed. 2) 501 The battles were paper battles, but the plundering and the barbarities..were stern realities.

1907 G. B. Shaw Let. 8 July (1972) II. 699 I throw paper bombs at them [sc. people with no social conscience] without producing the smallest effect.

1997 Calif. Lawyer July 13/2 The paper battle begins before trial, sometimes continues through trial, specifically as the strategy of many powerful law firms representing even more powerful clients to prostrate their less-well-heeled opponents.

b. That exists only in written form; ‘on paper’, rather than in reality; theoretical, hypothetical, unrealized. Cf. on paper at sense A. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adjective]

writtenOE

pricked1463

penned1567

handwritten1583

paper1616

literal1621

inditeda1640

in manuscript1646

scribed1662

scriptory1704

scriptured1763

pen and ink1810

scriptitious1815

paper-and-pencil1927

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adjective] > as opposed to practical

contemplative1563

paper1616

theoretic1617

considerative1677

theoretical1767

academic1812

moot1831

armchair1858

rocking chair1911

unempirical1934

1616 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Scornful Ladie sig. E^v Come widdow, come, neuer stand upon a knighthood, 'tis a meere paper honour.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. Pref. to Author ‘Charity Maint.’ §18 The paper fortresses of an imaginary Infallibility.

1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 37 If they have a mind to break in upon a paper law.

1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 132 The Prices of most Commodities and Necessaries of Life, by the Operation of Paper-Effects, are maintain'd at higher Rates than those Things bore before the Year 1688.

1793 T. Jefferson Let. 9 June in Papers (1995) XXVI. 241 I inclose you some papers which have passed on the subject of a new loan. You will see by them that the paper-Coryphaeus is either undaunted, or desperate.

1802 M. Cutler Let. 1 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 74 We see how insignificant the best constructed paper Constitution will prove when opposed to the interests and passions of men.

1893 Times 2 May 10/1 Paper profits were divided as if they were real.

1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man xiii. 270 Hedonism, like utilitarianism, is another of those paper schemes, beautifully logical, that just are not true.

1973 Time 25 June 66/2 Lloyd also has a number of paper companies set up in Liechtenstein.

1996 Financial Post (Canada) 20 July 3/2 Subsequent recovery suggests investors that did nothing benefited more than those who panicked and crystalized what would otherwise have been just paper losses.

3. Resembling paper, frail as paper; thin, flimsy, fragile. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > [adjective]

tender?c1225

feeble1340

infirmc1374

slight1393

weakc1400

sperec1440

silly1587

unsound1590

immaterial1609

paper1615

unsubstantiala1617

reedy1628

slighty1662

insufficient1700

flimsy1702

bandbox1727

unconfirmed1752

insubstantial1767

gossamery1790

thread-paper1803

gossamer1806

slimsy1845

unendurable1879

bandboxy1891

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 60 The excellent proportion and structure..maketh this Paper-sconce high perill-proofe.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 177 What Paper Walls such Persons are apt to inclose themselves with.

1730 H. Fielding Rape upon Rape i. viii. 9 Pox of my Paper Scull!

1804 J. Collins Scripscrapologia 4 Go patter to paperscull saps, do ye see.

1854 2nd Rep. Sel. Comm. Emigrant Ships 61 in Parl. Papers XIII. 267 These advertisers..have a kind of arrangement with the owners of vessels; they are like recruiters, they collect emigrants; their ships are known in the trade by the name of ‘paper’ ships.

1891 Labour Commission Gloss. Paper Ship, a ship built of inferior material and badly put together.

2003 Global News Wire (Asia Africa Intelligence Wire) (Nexis) 12 Mar. Yu..said that he wanted to go to the cockpit to meet the captain as he heard voices telling him that the plane was not safe and that it was a ‘paper aircraft’.

4. Of currency or credit: issued in the form of bills, promissory notes, cheques, etc. See also paper credit n. 1, paper money n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [adjective]

paper1710

soft1776

notal1924

1710 T. Nairne Let. from S. Carolina 38 It is probable, there are very few Countries where public Credit is better preserved than with us, or where Paper-Cash circulates more smoothly.

1757 W. Burke Acct. European Settlem. Amer. II. 297 Money of credit, which they commonly call paper currency.

1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales II. xxiii. 112 Our colonial council has lately committed a great error in prohibiting..all paper issues below one pound.

1867 J. Laing Theory of Business vi. 77 With Austria, Russia, America, and other countries using paper currencies..the par is exceedingly uncertain.

1900 Congress. Rec. 4 Jan. 653/1 With the habits of our people and their preferences for the use of paper currency wherever possible instead of gold and silver coinage [etc.].

1998 Coin News May 50/1 It was not until July 1, 1874, in the closing months of the First Republic, that paper money was adopted.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

paper-case n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > case or container > [noun] > for documents

paper-case1679

serviette1891

attaché case1904

brief-case1926

document case1936

business case1938

attaché1972

1679 T. Oates True Narr. Horrid Plot 48 Who..there drew out of a Paper-Case a Paper.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 197 A leather paper-case.

1986 P. O'Brian Reverse of Medal vii. 203 He saw Mr. P on the other pavement, walking very tired with his little portmanteau and papercase.

paper circulation n.

ΚΠ

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 77 All you have got for the present is a paper circulation, and a stock-jobbing constitution.

1870 N.Y. Herald 8 July 4/3 [The national banks'] interests..lie in a paper circulation only, and in not being compelled to hold a gold reserve.

1995 L. Berov in C. H. Feinstein Banking, Currency, & Finance between Wars iii. xiv. 378 A direct statistical connection between increases in the state debt to the National Bank and in the amount of paper circulation in the country are [sic] not to be expected.

paper clamp n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > clasp for holding papers together

paper clip1851

paper clamp1858

paper fastener1867

1858 Sci. Amer. 23 Oct. 50/4 Paper Clamps... The object of this invention is to obtain a cheap and durable form press or clamp used by bookbinders.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-clamp,..for holding newspapers, sheet music, periodicals.

1970 Science 10 Apr. 279/1 The discriminanda were a wide variety of highly distinguishable, three-dimensional objects, such as ceramic drill points, coiled springs, drawer handles, and paper clamps.

paper-colour n.

ΚΠ

1888 R. L. Stevenson Black Arrow Prol. 11 He will turn paper-colour.

2003 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 20 May e2 No gimmicks; e.g., unusual size or format, paper color, etc.

paper excise n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Bright in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 159 1593 Persons who were interested..in this question of the paper excise.

1993 Hobart (Tasmania) Mercury (Nexis) 13 Feb. The abolition of advertisement duty in 1853, stamp tax in 1855, and paper excise in 1861, all helped make the newspaper more affordable.

paper factory n.

ΚΠ

1847 Sci. Amer. 13 Feb. 161/4 The new Paper Factory to be erected at ‘Moody Corner,’ in South Hadley.

1991 P. Carey Tax Inspector xxiv. 116 He knew this water in Deep Creek now contained lead, dioxin and methyl mercury from the paper factory on Lantana Road.

paper-fibre n.

ΚΠ

1856–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 359 The rubifying substance..contains the ruby particles..prevented by their attachment to the paper-fibres from undergoing mutual aggregation.

2003 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 18 Apr. b2 Recycling all types of paper fiber has a huge impact on reducing what residents put in their trash cans.

paper file n.

ΚΠ

a1841 W. G. Clark Lit. Remains (1844) 125 I accompanied him: he sought out the paper file.

2001 D. Mitchell Number 9 Dream 144 Bongo drums, manuals, magazines, computer equipment..and a mountain range of paper files.

paper manufactory n.

ΚΠ

1699 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1761) II. 55 Paper-manufactory.

1872 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 4) xiv. 440 Water agitated by the pulping-engine of a paper manufactory.

1977 18th-cent. Stud. 10 522 The paper manufactory near Oxford (the Wolvercote Mill).

paper market n.

ΚΠ

1862 Ladies' Repository Dec. 760/1 The real ‘panic’ in the paper market..will largely increase the expenses of its publication.

1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner vii. 68 The paper markets of the world began to settle down again, and steadier prices ruled.

1998 Paper Focus Aug. 8/3 The report will shed light on the key drivers behind the UK paper market for the period to mid-1999.

paper merchant n.

ΚΠ

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 307 Next followeth the streete of the paper-merchants.

1814 W. H. Ireland Chalcographimania iii. 106 (note) The above personage is a paper-merchant, who would very willingly resign all claim to his debt for one pound weight of old rags.

2002 R. Gervais & S. Merchant Office: Scripts 1st Ser. Episode 4. 178 I don't want to spend my life answering phones in some crappy sub-branch paper merchant's.

paper payment n.

ΚΠ

1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 11 May 353 The scheme for making paper-payments perpetual.

1990 M. Harris Hemingway's Suitcase iv. 31 Alan could pretend to have sold the stories and the novel, and make some paper payments to him for them, so that he could report these payments to the IRS as income from his writing.

paper press n.

ΚΠ

1788 Calcutta Chron. 17 Jan. To be sold..One Paper Press.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 291 The screws employed for paper-presses are generally formed with such coarse threads, and so rapid a spiral, that the elasticity of the paper is sufficient to force it to run back.

1867 E. T. Freedley Philadelphia & its Manuf. 55 Screws of all sizes for cotton-presses, tobacco-presses, paper-presses.

1998 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 13 Jan. 1 c Tiago, who frequents yard sales, helped his wife out by buying two paper presses from a retired bookbinder.

paper pulp n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > pulp

pulp1727

stuff1745

paper pulp1839

wood-pulp1876

ground wood1885

mechanical wood pulp1887

straw pulp1888

soda pulp1893

sulphate pulp1907

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 937 The two sheets of paper pulp thus united are carried forward by the felt over a guide roller.

2000 Paper Technol. (Paper Industry Techn. Assoc.) Feb. 32/2 All plants producing more than 25,000 tonnes of paper pulp per year are subject to the Environmental Protection (Prescribed Process and Substances) Regulations.

paper size n.

ΚΠ

1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-size.

1932 Industr. Standardization 3 203/2 The European main or A-series of paper sizes... The basic sheet with an area of one square meter is designated A0 (A zero); the next smaller sheet by A1; half of this by A2, etc.

2002 Digital Photogr. made Easy No. 12. 93/2 Bubblejets are the most affordable [printers] and give near-photo-quality prints on large paper sizes.

paper stuff n.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 936 [A] sieve is employed to strain the paper-stuff previously to its being used in the machine.

1877 Manufacturer & Builder May 106/2 A process for preparing paper stuff into a new material to be used as a substitute for wood, plaster, and other materials in a variety of uses.

2003 Greenville (S. Carolina) News (Nexis) 23 June 1 b Last year, 2,500 tons of bottles, cans and fiber products (paper stuff) were recycled in Greenville.

paper system n.

ΚΠ

1800 T. Jefferson Let. 13 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1078 We may obtain..a majority in the legislature of the United States,..opposed to standing armies, paper systems, war & all connection, other than commerce, with any foreign nation.

1997 New Yorker 10 Mar. 46/1 He agitated for the firm to automate its Dickensian paper system.

paper trade n.

ΚΠ

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 370 A very large and capital paper-mill, at Maidstone, in Kent, which is the principal seat of the paper trade in England.

1990 Environment Digest (BNC) Nov.–Dec. Green Con runners-up were paper makers Scott, who claimed that its investment in tree plantations for the paper trade helped combat global warming.

b. Objective.

(a)

paper colourer n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. Young Labor in Europe & Amer. 266 (table) Paper colorers.

1883 Fortn. Rev. Oct. 595 The misery of those thousands who have worked at ‘dangerous trades’, as lithographers, paper-colourers, enamellers, [etc.].

2002 Standard (St Catharines, Ont.) (Nexis) 28 Mar. a1 Dwayne Galway, 44, is a paper colourer at the plant.

† paper dauber n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1682 Heraclitus Ridens 7 Mar. 1/1 We shall ne'r have done, if every whiffling Paper-dauber must be regarded.

1693 E. Settle New Athenian Comedy iii. 24 Not all our Foes Proud spight Shall ever check our great Herculean Labors; But we'll drive on Eternall paper daubers.

† paper-glosser n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > for giving finish or polish

paper-glosser1882

friction-glazer1963

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of paper > [noun] > involved in specific process

hot-presser1621

coucher1751

vat-man1839

sizer1863

rag engineer1875

beater-man1880

paper-glosser1882

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Paper-glosser, a hot-presser for glossing paper or cards; one who gives a smooth surface to paper.

paper-holder n.

ΚΠ

1841 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 3 357 The use of separate leaves of paper either arranged in order in a portfolio, or converted into a book by means of a paper-holder.

1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 494/1 A paper holder with initials TA.

paper maker n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of paper > [noun]

paper maker1574

paper man1618

paper-miller1814

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 72 A paper maker. Chartarius.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 3) xxxi. 320 If the author deals at once with the paper-maker.

2001 Mod. Railways Feb. 16/1 EWS has secured a contract from paper maker UPM-Kymmene that will use the Anglo-Scottish ‘Enterprise’ wagonload service.

paper marbler n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinder > [noun] > worker performing specific process

clasp-man1619

clasp-maker1664

gatherer1683

stitcher1805

book-edge gilder1823

tooler1834

marbler1835

book marbler1843

paper marbler1863

forwarder1870

cropper?1881

flush-binder?1881

inlayer1881

boarder1882

filleter1884

clasper1885

placer1902

1863 V. Penny Employments of Women 379 The young man said a paper marbler in Philadelphia used to employ some women to assist him, but he had to mix their paints.

1994 Hist. & Theory 33 64 Engravers, cartoonists, surgeons, kaleidoscopists, paper marblers, characterologists, from Piranesi to Lavater.

paper punch n.

ΚΠ

1872 Classif. Index Subj. Invention U.S. Patent Off. 1 Mar. 43 (table) Paper-punches.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-punch, an implement for making holes in papers for the purposes of filing, temporary binding, [etc.].

1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 2 Aug. 18/1 (advt.) Floor mats, paper punches, staplers, rackets, brief cases.

paper reader n.

ΚΠ

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Dec. 5/2 The faddists among the paper-readers have all said their say.

1969 M. McLuhan Let. 14 May (1987) 373 The paper readers..at Bilderberg had undergone no perceptual training.

2003 Idaho Statesman (Nexis) 2 June 18 People in all kinds of industries, from dog owners to dog groomers, from paper readers to paper delivery girls and boys [etc.].

paper seller n.

ΚΠ

1647 London's Acct. 10 Stationers and Paper-sellers 80000 l. a yeer.

1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xxi. 197 I am a Stationer or Paper-seller, and to all Paper there are several marks whereby we know and distinguish them.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 290/1 The Billingsgate paper-seller carries his paper round.

1998 P. Grace Baby No-eyes (1999) 294 One day I'll bring back the edges of the city—the jugglers in coloured coats tossing limbs and hearts, the sniffers and paper sellers.

paper-sorter n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. Young Labor in Europe & Amer. 263 (table) Paper-sorters.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/3 How did the girl, who was a paper sorter, get the disease [sc. cholera]?

1985 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 45 442 The paper-sorters should check the sheets for flaws during the day and count them at night.

† paper-spiller n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 327 This grand scripturient paper-spiller..Was strangly tost from post to pillar.

paper-splitting n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1627/1 Paper-splitting, two pieces of muslin are firmly cemented on the sides of the paper and dried. By a pull on each piece the paper is split open.

2001 Washington Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. Guests were invited to view a ‘paper splitting’ process that prevents old books from crumbling to dust.

paper tester n.

ΚΠ

1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-tester.

1994 Sociol. Methodol. 24 50 (table) Paper Tester in a Pulp Mill.

paper waster n.

ΚΠ

1645 G. Wither Great Assises in Parnassus 2 This instrument of Art..is now imploy'd by Paper-wasters.

1833 H. Ellison Madmoments I. 19 How many Paperwasters, for the Head Might well employ what none but Fools eér read.

2002 Sunday News (Lancaster, Pa.) (Nexis) 15 Dec. g1 Gift wrapping, another big paper waster, is not recyclable because of the gloss finish and colors.

(b)

† paper-blessing adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. S 2^v What paper-blessing Charrecters are you?

paper-saving adj.

ΚΠ

1880 Appletons' Jrnl. July–Dec. 28/1 It is always interesting to read of the habitudes of authors—of paper-saving Pope scribbling his ‘Iliad’ on the backs of old correspondence.

1992 Entrepreneur Mar. 3/2 (advt.) They all offer..a paper-saving top-of-form tear-off feature.

paper-selling adj.

ΚΠ

1821 W. Combe Third Tour Dr. Syntax xxxvii. 189 The print and paper-selling sinner Preparing for a plenteous dinner.

1950 J. E. Burchard Mid-Century i. 6 The disastrous and the foreboding are always worth more space, and especially more paper-selling headlines, than other things.

paper-sparing adj.

ΚΠ

1735 J. Swift Advice to Grub-St. Poets in Wks. II. 368 Lend these to Paper-sparing Pope.

1890 Amer. Anthropologist 3 212 [Cardinal Richelieu] addressed the Duke without leaving any space open after the title of Monsieur, which insult his grace returned in the same paper-sparing manner.

1988 Rev. Eng. Stud. 39 300 Particularly interesting are Pope's own scribbled sketches for garden plans on the back of letters which have been preserved for us by his paper-sparing habit of using them up for the translating of Homer.

paper-using adj.

ΚΠ

1881 H. H. Gibbs Double Standard 67 To supply..a paper-using country with a required metal.

1952 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. & Polit. Sci. 18 389 Continuity rather than expansion has characterized the paper-using civilization of China for long periods.

c. Instrumental and parasynthetic.

paper-based adj.

ΚΠ

1954 Times 15 Feb. 11/5 In the field of paper based insulation the Company is producing an extensive range of high voltage bushings.

1998 E. Bignell Which? Way to save & Invest (ed. 10) xvi. 261 A new computerised settlement system..was developed to replace the outdated paper-based Talisman system.

paper-capped adj.

ΚΠ

1845 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 27 Dec. 408/2 A young bare-armed paper-capped urchin pours in his armful of Suns and Globes.

2000 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 18 June a1 With their paper-capped bottles, white suits and bow ties, milkmen delivered themselves into a part of Americana.

paper-clothed adj.

ΚΠ

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. A4 So euery paper-clothed post in Poules, To thee (Deloney) mourningly doth speake.

2002 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 26 Oct. b28 It's an airy cafe-like space, open on two sides, with paper-clothed tables, stylish chrome and wood chairs, and individual ice buckets.

† paper-collared adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1868 Norfolk Jrnl. 2 Sept. in M. W. Schlegel & T. J. Wertenbaker Norfolk: Historic Southern Port xi. 237 It is the paper-collared, half-shifted, mean, low carpet-bagger..who cheats and humbugs the poor negro out of his money and his vote.

1886 C. D. Warner Their Pilgrimage iv. 107 After a few moments, boot-blacked and paper-collared, he comes out as fresh as a daisy.

paper-covered adj.

ΚΠ

1835 New-Eng. Mag. Apr. 299 The usual feats of riding upright, mounting and dismounting at full speed, jumping through the paper-covered hoop..were exhibited.

1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 18 The paper-covered book, in fact, a rough and ready test of literary curiosity.

1993 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. v. 6/1 Like most of the elderly lacemakers I have met, Angelina Micallef sits outside her doorway with a paper-covered straw pillow.

paper-insulated adj.

ΚΠ

1900 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers Dec. (advt.) (verso rear cover) Diatrine paper-insulated..cables.

1991 Power Sept. 18/4 Three paper-insulated mass-impregnated, non-draining (MIND) cables..will be used.

paper-mended adj.

ΚΠ

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlvi. 197 Through costly-coloured glass and paper-mended window, through cathedral dome and rotten crevice, it shed its equal ray.

† paper-palisaded adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1869 Ld. Lytton Orval 158 Abandoning To desolation their doom'd palaces, And paper-palisaded castles.

paper-panelled adj.

ΚΠ

1895 ‘C. Holland’ My Japanese Wife 56 The room, with its ink-stained paper-panelled walls, [etc.].

1968 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 28 113 (note) Paper panelled sliding door.

2002 Myrtle Beach (S. Carolina) Sun-News (Nexis) 27 Feb. e1 Simple and pleasant with paper-paneled walls, lots of light wood trim and a smattering of strategically placed Japanese prints.

paper-patched adj.

ΚΠ

1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xviii. 181 A..few hieroglyphics denoted that this was a place of entertainment, notwithstanding its paper-patched windows and scanty means of accommodation.

1996 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 18 Feb. 10 f Winchester Double-W framed cartridge board, with 182 cartridges, including paper-patched specimens and paper shotshells.

† paper-shuttered adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1895 ‘C. Holland’ My Japanese Wife 4 Beams of light emanating from paper lanterns or paper-shuttered casements, marking the presence of houses or huts.

paper-soled adj.

ΚΠ

1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home i. 13 I..tried to find a path on one side or the other. But in vain, even putting out of the question my paper-soled shoes—sensible things for the woods.

1941 I. S. Cobb Exit Laughing xxiii. 287 I mean the profiteers and buccaneers;..peddlers of the paper-soled shoes and purveyors of the shoddy blankets [etc.].

paper-wrapped adj.

ΚΠ

1900 T. Dreiser Sister Carrie xli. 457 Pulling out his paper-wrapped lunch from his pocket.

1992 Independent 14 May 34/7 [The butcher's] apprentice seldom came home without his paper-wrapped bangers or off-cuts that helped eke out the family table.

d. Similative, etc.

paperhearted adj.

ΚΠ

1874 M. B. Smedley Two Dramatic Poems iii. vii. 118 You paper-hearted muser!

1939 D. Thomas Let. Mar. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 226 The English poets now are such a..paperhearted crowd you could blow them down with one bellow out of a done lung.

1997 C. Wallace-Crabbe Sel. Poems 107 The fax and the xerox are humming a duet in their paperhearted yearning.

paper-thick adj.

ΚΠ

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions xliv A Key..which..hath its Wards and Rose-pipe but Paper-thick.

1998 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. b1 Another woman was selling very sharp knives. Using one hand she sliced through a bit of tomato that already seemed paper-thick.

C2.

paper aeroplane n. a model aeroplane constructed (mainly) from paper; (now) esp. a very simple one folded from a single sheet; = paper dart n.

ΚΠ

1909 Aero 1 480/1 (heading) A paper aero..with reference to small model gliders.]

1909 Times 29 July 8/2 [They] conducted M. Blériot to a part of the hall of the station where a large paper aeroplane had been suspended from the ceiling.

1990 K. Newman Night Mayor 121 The floor around the wastepaper basket was littered with paper aeroplanes made out of urgent requests from various City officials.

paper airplane n. chiefly U.S. = paper aeroplane n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > three-dimensional representation > [noun] > other models

windmill1557

paper boata1637

Nilometer1794

paper airplane1921

ship in a bottle1949

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > others

spurc1450

cock1608

turnel1621

corala1625

house of cardsa1625

Jack-in-the-box1659

(Prince) Rupert's Drops1662

sucker1681

whirligig1686

playbook1694

card house1733

snapper1788

card castle1792

Aaron's bells?1795

Noah's Ark1807

Jacob's ladder1820

cat-stairs1825

daisy chain1841

beanbag1861

playboat1865

piñata1868

teething ring1872

weet-weet1878

tumble-over1883

water cracker1887

jumping-bean1889

play money1894

serpentin1894

comforter1898

pacifier1901

dummy1903

bubble water1904

yo-yo1915

paper airplane1921

snowstorm1926

titty1927

teaser1935

Slinky1948

teether1949

Mr Potato Head1952

squeeze toy1954

Frisbee1957

mobile1957

chew toy1959

water-rocket1961

Crazy Foam1965

playshop1967

war toy1973

waterball1974

pull-along1976

transformer1984

Aerobie1985

1921 N.Y. Times 19 Nov. 28/2 Some of them carried staves mounted with bannerettes., paper airplanes and other devices.

1951 tr. H. de Montherlant No Man's Son iii. iv, in Master of Santiago 219 (stage direct.) Pointing from a distance to a tiny paper airplane on a chair.

1992 R. Kenan Let Dead bury their Dead vi. 120 The children rowdy as hell. Throwing paper airplanes.

paper-and-pencil adj. executed in writing, carried out with paper and pencil; (figurative) noted or recorded informally or imprecisely.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adjective]

writtenOE

pricked1463

penned1567

handwritten1583

paper1616

literal1621

inditeda1640

in manuscript1646

scribed1662

scriptory1704

scriptured1763

pen and ink1810

scriptitious1815

paper-and-pencil1927

1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 961 We have the problem of..whether paper-and-pencil tests give reliable and valid data for prediction of behavior in the concrete system.

1943 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 14 213/1 Students are now admitted to the clinic on a paper-and-pencil diagnosis of their reading skills.

1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 87 156 Test anxiety scales are typically self-report, paper-and-pencil measures.

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 3 Feb. 46/1 Crime rates and substance abuse rates are formidable, right along with our self-assessment scores on paper-and-pencil tests.

paper bank n. (a) a bank issuing notes (now rare, perhaps Obsolete); (b) [probably after bottle bank n. at bottle n.³ Compounds 8] , a site or receptacle where waste paper may be deposited for recycling.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other types of bank

merchant bank1620

land-bank1696

private bank1696

paper bankc1720

national bank1736

bank of circulation1767

bank of deposit1767

corporate bank1780

state bank1791

branch bank1796

reserve bank1816

investment bank1824

bank of issue1831

commercial bank1838

red dog1838

wild cat1838

central bank1841

national bank1864

investment house1878

issue house1878

clearing-bank1883

issuing house1890

member bank1914

custodian1915

merchant banker1924

Swiss bank1949

development bank1950

Transcash1982

telephone bank1985

bancassurer1991

c1720 Massachusetts Bay Currency Tracts 380 A paper bank can't be as good as the bank of England or Holland til paper is as good as Silver.

1867 P. Tucker Origin, Rise, & Progress of Mormonism 155 Smith and Rigdon..were both arrested on charges of swindling, in connection with their worthless paper bank.

1989 Paper & Environment (Tesco) 3 We hope soon to introduce ‘paper banks’ at some of our larger stores to allow you to save your paper waste for recycling.

1990 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 1 Jan. a6 Paper banks..are legal and are widely used to keep wealth outside the taxing authority of the United States, but they also have become havens for fraud and the laundering of drug money.

1993 Ideal Home Sept. 64/2 The bottle and paper banks for recycling household waste at the supermarkets are a very good idea.

paper birch n. a North American birch, Betula papyrifera, with large leaves and white bark that peels in papery layers; also called canoe birch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > birch and allies > [noun]

bircha700

birch-tree1530

weeping birch1606

Our Lady's tree1608

black birch1674

sugar-birch1751

white birch1766

red birch1774

yellow birch1774

paper birch1791

canoe birch1810

mountain mahogany1810

old field birch1810

mahogany birch1813

towai1845

river birch1846

kamahi1867

silver birch1884

wire birch1899

1791 T. Jefferson Let. 5 June in Papers (1982) XX. 465 The honey suckle of the gardens growing wild on the banks of Lake George, the paper birch, an Aspen with a velvet leaf, [etc.].

1903 S. E. White Forest xiv. 193 Probably a little further along there would be a point of high land and delightful little paper-birches.

1998 Nature Conservancy Jan. 28/2 The tract features paper birch, seldom seen in the Alleghenies.

paper blockade n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a naval blockade declared but not actually enforced.

ΚΠ

1803 Deb. Congr. U.S. 23 Feb. (1851) 129 Paper blockades were substituted for actual ones, and the staple commodities of our country lay perishing in our storehouses.

1862 T. P. Kettell Hist. Rebellion I. 124 [Jefferson Davis] denounced the proclamation of the United States in relation to Southern ports, as a mere paper blockade.

1915 Econ. Jrnl. 25 129 The result..was..only to stimulate the activity of the British Government in issuing Orders in Council, and a war of paper-blockades and ineffective prohibitions of trade followed.

2006 A. Newpower Iron Men & Tin Fish v. 78 Andrews could commit 20 vessels to the defense of the entire East Coast, making even a paper blockade appear substantial by comparison.

† paper-blurrer n. Obsolete an inferior writer.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [noun] > inferior writer

scribblera1556

paper-blurrera1586

by-writer1587

feather-driver1593

squitter-book1594

paper-stainer1596

blur-paper1603

spoil-paper1610

penster1611

inkhorn matea1616

squitter-wit1615

ink-dabbler1616

squitter-pulpa1640

quill-driver1700

scribble-scrabble1707

authorling1752

writerling1802

inkhorn varlet1820

toe-writer1845

pen-driver1854

anonymuncule1859

ink-jerker1865

pen-pusher1875

pseudonymuncle1875

ink-spiller1881

ink-slinger1887

blotter-

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. I3^v I, that..am admitted into the company of the Paper-blurrers.

1631 J. Mabbe in tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd Ep. Ded. sig. A4 She is..like a Grashopper amongst so many Nightingales; or like a Paper-blurrer amongst so many famous Writers.

1852 K. H. Digby Compitum vi. 269 The conventional, exaggerated effusions of mere paper-blurrers.

paperboard n. (a) (chiefly in plural) a board with a paper cover, used in bookbinding; (b) pasteboard.

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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] > pasteboard

paste1549

paperboard1552

pasteboard1562

pasted paper1570

board1660

Bristol-board1809

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16282.3) (facing colophon) Bounde..in paper bordes.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 24 If the Workman be short,..He lays a Paper-board..on the floor by the fore-side of the Frame.

1771 P. Luckombe Hist. & Art of Printing 329 [He] sets the edges of a Paper-board between the Bar and the further Cheek of the Press, to keep the Bar from starting back.

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 95 Paper boards, a term applied to cheap bindings in boards, but with paper instead of cloth sides.

1965 B. J. Kirkpatrick Bibliogr. E. M. Forster 47 Pale green paper boards; printed in black on upper cover.

2000 Printing World 7 Feb. 14/2 MoDo says demand for newsprint and magazine papers remains strong, while demand for paperboard has risen.

paper box n. (a) a box made of paper; (b) a box in which to keep papers.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > of specific material or construction

crystal stonea1387

paper box1754

cabbie1808

basket-box1881

1754 Connoisseur (1755) No. 32. 189 The man of taste takes his Strasburgh veritable tabac from a right Paris paper-box, and the pretty fellow uses a box of polished metal.

1861 D. G. Rossetti Let. 19 Jan. (1965) II. 389 Will you tell her we are very thankful for her paper-box, which is very useful?

1991 Palm Beach Life Mar. 30/2 Chicken comes in coated paper boxes.

paperboy n. a boy employed to sell or deliver newspapers.

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society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets

bookmonger1275

stationer1311

bookseller?c1475

bibliopolist1541

book merchant1653

newsboy1728

book hawker1737

bibliopole1775

newsman1775

news-vender1796

newsagent1811

news-vendor1823

newspaper vendor1830

newspaper seller1837

newspaper boy1843

newsgirl1859

newsie1875

paperboy1876

1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. v. 94 The paper-boy was beginning, with the milkman, his rounds.

1999 N.Y. Times 3 Oct. xiv. 21/1 At one time, all towns had young people perform the vital job of paperboy or papergirl.

paper cable n. an electric cable containing paper insulation, usually impregnated with fluid.

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > cable > insulated cable

paper cable1893

pressure cable1931

Pyrotenax1936

1893 W. J. Hopkins Telephone Lines xiv. 209 In the paper cables made by John A. Roebling & Sons Company, two paper strips are laid on lengthwise, as loosely as possible, being held in place by thread wound about them.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 219/2 Between London and Birmingham a paper cable 116 miles long..was laid in 1900.

1973 R. W. Sillars Electr. Insulating Materials v. 88 Drying of high voltage oil-filled paper cables..is more critical than transformer drying, for the stress at working voltage is considerably higher and therefore discharge is more difficult to avoid.

2002 Transmission & Distribution World (Nexis) June 6 Even submarine cable installations—traditionally an application for SCFF—increasingly use solid-type paper cable and polymeric cable.

paper cap n. a cap made of coloured paper, typically worn at parties; (also) a cap made of paper, formerly worn by carpenters, masons, or other workmen (now rare).

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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > made from specific material > other

lettice cap1544

jack-cap1694

paper cap?1697

Dutch cap1726

napkin-cap1735

shell-cap1794

raccoon cap1840

?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 9 Accoutred with paper caps, and wooden swords.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. viii. 162 Little urchins..followed in droves after the drums, with paper caps on their heads.

1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. i. i. 33 Each [sc. Coronation ‘tuck box’] will contain an apple and orange, a bar of chocolate, a buttered bun, a packet of biscuits, a piece of cake, serviette with medallion, and a paper cap.

1974 L. Lamb Man in Mist vi. 37 I can well remember when carpenters and masons wore paper caps, as they still do in Italy and in Tenniel's Alice.

paper carriage n. (a) the sliding mechanism on a manual typewriter which holds the platen and paper, and which advances automatically each time a key is struck; (b) the part of an electronic typewriter or printer which holds the paper in place.

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1822 W. Congreve in London Jrnl. 3 11 The paper is laid on by means of a moveable carriage, called the paper-carriage.

1868 C. L. Sholes et al. U.S. Patent 79,265 2 This combination of devices forms a simple and practicable paper-carriage.

1926 Army & Navy Stores Price List 1926–27 xcvii. 376/2 The Bar-Lock Typewriter... Interchangeable paper-carriage and platen.

1981 Chem. Engin. 12 Jan. 85/1 Preloaded paper carriages allow quick replacement.

paper carrier n. North American (originally U.S.) a person employed to deliver newspapers; esp. a paper boy or girl.

ΚΠ

1855 J. E. Cooke Ellie i. iii. 22 All their occupations, as newsboys, paper-carriers, errand-runners, and petty thieves.

1922 S. Lewis Babbitt i. 3 The paper-carrier went by whistling, and the rolled-up Advocate thumped the front door.

1995 Toronto Star 17 Aug. sc1 People still refer to me as their former paper carrier.

paper chain n. a chain made of strips of coloured paper and used for decoration, esp. at Christmas.

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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers

streamer1857

paper streamer1868

paper ribbon1876

paper chain1943

1943 N. Balchin Small Back Room iii. 31 It's a damned shame we haven't got a few paper chains and a bit of misletoe for the old boy.

1999 S. Perera Haven't stopped dancing Yet xvii. 226 Everywhere there were paper chains and streamers. ‘Christmas decorations from my school,’ Anu said.

paper-chewing n. colloquial rare the action of dealing with routine or bureaucratic paperwork.

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1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 30 I can't stick my bloody office..signing one chit after another. Paper-chewing.

1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 38 All this paper-chewing and chit-passing.

paper chromatogram n. Chemistry a chromatogram made by paper chromatography.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > record of

phase diagram1908

chromatogram1922

polarogram1925

paper chromatogram1944

partition chromatogram1944

gas chromatogram1952

1944 Biochem. Jrnl. 38 231/2 The paper chromatograms are by no means united to the separation of aminoacids.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 14 Mar. 592/1 If paper chromatograms were done as frequently on the urines of healthy subjects..we might originally have concluded that cystathioninuria is as benign a metabolic disorder as essential pentosuria.

paper-chromatographic adj. relating to or involving paper chromatography.

ΚΠ

1949 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 71 1855/1 (note) Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine,..[etc.] were identified by the paper chromatographic technique.

1971 Jrnl. Chromatogr. 60 381 Almost the entire present knowledge on the composition of human urinary sugar content..can be ascribed to paper chromatographic studies.

paper-chromatographically adv. by means of or as regards paper chromatography.

ΚΠ

1957 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 22 579/1 Elution..afforded a series of glassy residues which appeared to be paper chromatographically homogeneous.

1966 Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 79 507 Three amino acids are formed that can be identified paper-chromatographically.

paper chromatography n. Chemistry a technique for the analysis or separation of mixtures by chromatography using an absorbent paper support.

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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > types

partition chromatography1943

paper chromatography1947

ionography1950

gas chromatography1952

thin-layer chromatography1957

TLC1961

affinity chromatography1968

1947 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 69 3151/1 The estimation of these derivatives using paper chromatography is reported here.

1971 C. T. Kenner Analyt. Separations & Determinations xv. 282 Two-dimensional paper chromatography is used to separate complex mixtures of amino acids produced by hydrolysis of protein.

1996 H. W. Paul Sci., Vine, & Wine in Mod. France 336 The method of paper chromatography for the study of phenolic compounds..came from the laboratory of Bate-Smith at the University of Cambridge.

paper cigar n. now historical a cigarette.

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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette

cigarito1832

paper cigar1833

cigarette1842

papelito1845

coffin-nailc1865

fag1885

butt1893

pill1901

scag1915

nail1925

quirly1932

tab1934

burn1941

draw1946

tube1946

snout1950

cancer stick1958

straight1959

ciggy1962

square1970

bifter1989

lung dart1990

dart2000

1833 H. W. Longfellow Outre-Mer i. 200 Now and then we rode through a dilapidated town, with a group of idlers at every corner,..smoking their little paper cigars in the sun.

1873 C. Nordhoff California 244 After dinner he sat in his corridor, made and smoked paper cigars, and contemplated himself.

1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command v. 132 He washed his face perfunctorily..and hurried into the day-cabin, eager for coffee and his first little paper cigar of the day.

paper cloth n. (a) a fabric made from the inner bark of the paper mulberry and other trees, produced in many Pacific islands; (b) a kind of cloth with a paper facing; (c) a tablecloth made of paper.

ΚΠ

1841 Biblical Repertory Jan. 60 The Mexicans manufactured a sort of paper, exactly similar in its texture, to the paper cloth of Otaheite.

1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper cloth,..a kind of cloth faced with paper.

1926 R. S. Kuykendall Hist. Hawaii iii. 37 The Polynesian immigrants were familiar with the method of making tapa or paper cloth from the inner bark of trees.

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Mar. b. 9 Issey Miyake..is currently exploring the possibilities of fashion made of a paper cloth called kamiko.

1984 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 19 July Candles and paper cloths adorned each table.

1996 Mother Earth News June A loosely woven, absorbent paper-cloth infused with asphalt that is commonly tacked over wooden roof sheathing to provide a waterproof underlayment for roof shingles.

paper coal n. (a) a thinly foliated variety of coal, esp. one consisting of the matted remains of the cuticles of plants; (b) the resinous mineral dysodile (rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]

coal1253

sea-coal1253

pit-coal1483

cannel1541

earth coala1552

horse coal1552

Newcastle coal1552

stone-coal1585

cannel coal1587

parrot1594

burn-coal1597

lithanthrax1612

stony coal1617

Welsh coala1618

land-coala1661

foot coal1665

peacock coal1686

rough coal1686

white coal1686

heathen-coalc1697

coal-stone1708

round1708

stone-coal1708

bench-coal1712

slipper coal1712

black coal1713

culm1742

rock coal1750

board coal1761

Bovey coal1761

house coal1784

mineral coal1785

splint1789

splint coal1789

jet coal1794

anthracite1797

wood-coal1799

blind-coal1802

black diamond1803

silk-coal1803

glance-coal1805

lignite1808

Welsh stone-coal1808

soft1811

spout coals1821

spouter1821

Wallsend1821

brown coal1833

paper coal1833

steam-coal1850

peat-coal1851

cherry-coal1853

household1854

sinter coal1854

oil coal1856

raker1857

Kilkenny coal1861

Pottery coal1867

silkstone1867

block coal1871

admiralty1877

rattlejack1877

bunker1883

fusain1883

smitham1883

bunker coal1885

triping1886

trolley coal1890

kibble1891

sea-borne1892

jet1893

steam1897

sack coal1898

Welsh1898

navigation coal1900

Coalite1906

clarain1919

durain1919

vitrain1919

single1921

kolm1930

hards1956

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > other hydrocarbon minerals

dysodyle1809

paper coal1833

idrialite1849

kœnleinite1861

kerogen1906

thucholite1928

sterane1951

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > other types of coal

peacock coal1686

bone1817

paper coal1833

red ash1836

oil coal1856

rattlejack1877

fusain1883

black coal1887

clarain1919

vitrain1919

1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. xiv. 200 The other organic remains of the brown coal are principally fishes; they are found in a bituminous shale, called paper-coal, from being divisible into extremely thin leaves.

1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals Paper-coal, an early name for dysodile, alluding to the paper-like leaves in which it occurs.

1901 Science 12 Apr. 579/1 The interesting point brought out by Renault is the presence over the whole surface of these paper-coal cuticles of bacteria.., of which a number of species are figured and described.

1989 Nature 30 Nov. 530/2 Highly concentrated accumulations of morphologically recognizable fossilized remains of higher plant cuticles (cutinite) only occur in unusual circumstances, such as those that produced the Indiana Paper Coal.

paper cover n. a stiff paper cover (or one of a pair) for a book; (also) a book with such a cover, a paperback.

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society > communication > book > kind of book > book of specific form or colour > [noun] > with specific type of back or cover

blue book1633

green book1798

paperback1843

paper cover1843

yellowback1859

flat-back1888

greenback1893

paperbound1933

softback1951

hardback1953

hardcover1953

pocketbook1953

softcover1953

trade paperback1960

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun]

antiquing1728

royal binding1808

Russia binding1817

gothique1818

half-binding1821

Roxburghe1839

paper cover1843

trade binding1874

tree-calf1879

Grolier1880

yapp1883

cloth-work1885

publisher's binding1885

tree-marble1885

treed calf1892

presentation binding1893

quarter leather1894

quarter calf1896

three-quarter binding1897

library binding1903

circuit-binding1909

publisher's cloth1911

quarter binding1912

loose back1923

open back1923

spring-back1923

spiral binding1949

1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. 11 (advt.) One handsome volume, octavo, of 610 pages. $2 00. Cheap edition, paper covers, $1 00.

1913 T. E. Lawrence Let. 5 Apr. (1938) 152 If you have any cheap paper-covered copy..(paper-covers are customs free)..I would be exceedingly grateful.

1994 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 30 Jan. 22/4 Called bound galleys, these are early proofs in paper covers.

paper cup n. a disposable drinking cup made of thin cardboard or a similar material.

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the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > paper

paper cup1777

1777 L. Carter Diary 4 Oct. (1965) II. 1134 I defricated about ¾ of a wine glass through a paper cup.

1939 G. Greene Lawless Roads xi. 272 The odious child takes all the paper cups from the water-tap by the lavatory.

2002 T. Shimoda Fourth Treasure (2003) 26 She was holding a paper cup topped with a plastic lid.

paper dart n. a piece of paper folded so as to be thrown like a dart.

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1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 23 A broker cannot..innocently fling a ‘paper dart’ at a neighbour without being amerced ten dollars.

1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. iv. 190 They threw paper darts and paper pellets with unerring aim.

1989 G. Cross On the Edge (BNC) 95 He refolded the paper dart neatly and sent it skimming across the tea-table.

† paper-day n. Obsolete Law a day set aside for courts to hear cases previously entered on a special list or paper (a practice abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873–5).

ΚΠ

1838 T. Chitty Archbold's Pract. Court Queen's Bench (ed. 6) 101 In each of the courts there are certain days in each term called Paper Days, because the court, on those days, hear the causes which have been entered in the paper for argument before they enter upon motions.

1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) 590/2 In each of the common law courts certain days were appointed in each term, called Special Paper-days.

paper dragon n. a paper kite shaped like a dragon.

ΚΠ

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. S2^v These Boyes paper-dragons that they let fly with a pack-thrid in the fields.

1851 Lintie o' Moray 62 Green was thy gowan'd sward, Where paper-dragons flew.

2002 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 37 It is not unusual on weekends to see the air above parks in the city [of Shanghai] filled with long paper dragons, colourful birds of prey and other kites in more abstract shapes.

paper dress n. (in early use probably) a dress made of a paperlike fabric (cf. paper taffeta n.); (later) a dress made of paper, esp. an inexpensive disposable one.

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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > made of specific material

farandine1672

tabby1726

satin1730

lutestring1756

silk1793

muslinc1794

zephyrine1820

merino1839

mousseline1847

moire1851

velvet1851

tarlatan1852

velveteen1873

tussore1884

paper dress1886

Gloria1895

Tibet1900

tub-dress1909

tub-frock1909

1886 ‘V. Lee’ Let. 22 June (1937) 215 A curious being in a very tight blue paper dress suggestive of divided skirts & ulster to match.

1966 Listener 15 Dec. 893/1 This..is the year of the paper dress that can be worn and then tossed in the waste basket.

1992 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. 20 Dec. n1/5 Also on display are humorous cards from the Depression, greetings for World War II soldiers, flower-covered paper dresses from the '60s, holograms from the '80s.

paper dust n. waste consisting of particles of paper produced by a printing press, printer, paper shredder, etc.

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the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > dust of other specific materials

bark-dustc1440

pin powder1502

pin-dust1552

brick dust1573

gun dust1703

flue-dust1857

wood powder1870

pouce1880

stone-dust1896

paper dust1906

1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands iii. 27 Over these [sc. side-whiskers] the feathery paper-dust collected till they looked like the wings of an adolescent gosling.

1985 Inmac Catal. Spring 40/2 Your printer generates more paper dust than you realize.

paper electrophoresis n. Biochemistry a technique of electrophoresis in which paper saturated with a buffer solution is used as a medium for the separation of macromolecules.

ΚΠ

1951 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73 4878/1 An examination..by unidimensional paper electrophoresis..showed that the fractions collected at drip points 6 and 7 consisted of gamma globulin.

1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 17 4/2 In both patients paper electrophoresis disclosed no α-lipoprotein or pre-β-lipoprotein band on any diet.

1999 Austral. & N. Z. Jrnl. Med. 29 500 When unselected healthy adults in the community have their serum screened by cellulose acetate or paper electrophoresis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance..may be found in 0.5–1%.

paper-faced adj. (a) having a face suggestive of paper; esp. in being thin or pale; (b) faced with paper.

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iv. 10 Thou paper-facde villaine..you thin man.

1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 174 The wadding used in the shot-gun is of three varieties..3rd, a hard felt paper~faced wad,..the ‘pink edge’ or Field wad.

1977 New Yorker 8 Aug. 12/3 There is a marvellous performance by a paper-faced old man called Scheitz.

1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 132/2 Thermal insulation may be..paper-faced rolls of cavity width mats.

paper fastener n. a device for fastening a number of papers together; cf. paper clip n.

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society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > clasp for holding papers together

paper clip1851

paper clamp1858

paper fastener1867

1864 U.S. Patent Specif. No. 43. 435 A new and useful Legal Cap-Paper Fastener.]

1867 Brit. Patent 2276 An eyelet and paper fastener combined.

1935 Amer. Girl July 12/2 You might bind the sheets of cardboard to each other with metal paper-fasteners purchasable at ten-cent stores—the kind with ends you bend backwards.

2003 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 28 Mar. 19 Items were hung in the boxes using a variety of methods, such as paper scaffolding, ribbons, paperclips twisted out of shape to use as hooks, and paper fasteners.

paper-feed n. a device for inserting sheets of paper into a typewriter, printer, etc.

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society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > paper-feed

paper feeder1875

paper-feed1910

tractor1970

1910 L. M. Potts Brit. Patent 15,167/1909 24 The operation of the paper feed or lining clutch 406 is..effected electrically by magnet 414 provided with a pivoted armature 415.

1920 H. Etheridge Dict. Typewriting 177 The paper feed of a typewriter consists of a paper roller (or platen) and two or more small feed rollers, which latter are kept in contact with the platen by means of springs, to allow of different thicknesses of paper being inserted.

1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 120/2 The modern electric duplicator with its automatic paper-feed, counting mechanism and automatic stopping device, is a highly efficient and economical machine.

1989 K. Conlon Distant Relations ix. 115 Eventually the paper-feed stuttered to a halt and together they tamed the torrent of print.

paper feeder n. = paper-feed n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > paper-feed

paper feeder1875

paper-feed1910

tractor1970

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1621/2 Paper-feeder, a device for delivering paper singly in sheets to a printing-press, ruling machine, [etc.].

1995 Wall St. Jrnl. 29 June b1/2 The printer can handle two computers at a time and has..a secondary paper feeder that handles 100 sheets of various sizes, or 10 envelopes.

paper-folder n. an instrument for folding paper, as a paper knife, etc.

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society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > knife for cutting paper > for folding paper

paper-folder1781

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > tools

plough1580

fillet1641

roll1656

paper-folder1781

stamp1811

backing-hammer1818

bookstamp1819

lettering tool1833

book cutter1850

roller1852

hand letter1862

pallet1875

wagon1875

stop1880

jigger1883

gouge1885

guinea-edge1890

marbler1890

panel stamp1893

saddle stitcher1944

1781 Salem Gaz. & Gen. Advertiser 3 July 2/3 Isaac Greenwood..[makes] Paper-Folders, Sand-Boxes, Bannisters for Stair-cases.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-folder, a bone knife used in folding paper, folding signatures for sewing, and feeding paper from the bank to the press.

1884 G. W. Cable Dr. Sevier xxxi Picking up his paper-folder and shaking it argumentatively.

paper-folding n. the art of folding paper into objects or designs; origami.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami

paper-folding1893

paper sculpture1946

origami1948

1893 T. S. Row (title) Geometric exercises in paper folding.

1902 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 661/2 Paper-folding is an occupation which forms a good occasional lesson for older children.

1968 R. V. Beste Repeat Instruct. vii. 67 You should try origame..Paper-folding.

2001 N.Y. Mag. 2 Apr. 66/2 (advt.) ‘Origamic Architecture’..features cut and folded recreations of world monuments..employing ancient Japanese paper-folding with pop-up book engineering.

paper game n. a game involving writing or drawing on paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other types of game > [noun] > pencil and paper

paper game1879

1879 C. M. Yonge Magnum Bonum III. xxxv. 759 To listen to an exposition of the microphone, to share in a Shakespeare reading, or worse still, in a paper game, was..such a bore.

1934 E. Waugh Handful of Dust i. 21 ‘No paper games?’ ‘Oh, no, nothing like that. A certain amount of bridge and back~gammon and low poker.’

1993 S. Bedford Compass Error (BNC) 118 Flavia enjoyed the paper-games.

paper gauge n. Printing a gauge for measuring the width of a margin, height of a typeface, etc.; (also) a device for indicating the quantity of paper left in a printer.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1623/1 Paper-gage, an instrument for measuring the type-face or measure of printed matter and the width of the margin.

2000 Photo Trade News (Nexis) 1 Feb. 62 Because of this single sheet processing, there should be no production paper waste. There is even a paper gauge to show how much paper is left.

papergirl n. a girl employed to sell or deliver newspapers.

ΚΠ

1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. ii. 375 Paper-girl comes to door with weeklies.

1999 N.Y. Times 3 Oct. xiv. 21/1 At one time, all towns had young people perform the vital job of paperboy or papergirl.

paper gold n. colloquial = Special Drawing Right n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > action of placing to one's credit > sum placed to one's credit > computer-listed for each country

paper gold1966

1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 1 Dec. 5/2 World monetary reform negotiators removed some of the major stumbling blocks in their path to creating ‘paper gold’, although many more still remain.

1999 Daily Tel. 21 June 27/5 The IMF..could issue Special Drawing Rights, its own-brand currency, originally marketed as paper gold.

paper guide n. an adjustable device on a typewriter, printer, etc., for ensuring that the left edge of each sheet of paper is inserted at the same place.

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society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > paper guide

paper guide1952

1952 L. A. Leslie & P. S. Pepe Methods of Teaching Typing Simplified i. 9 Paper guide should be set and paper inserted by the teacher.

1993 What Personal Computer (BNC) Apr. 81 One aspect [of a printer] I wasn't terribly impressed with was the flimsy nature of the slide-out paper guides.

paper handkerchief n. a disposable handkerchief made from soft tissue paper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief

coverchiefc1305

cloutc1380

muckender1420

napkin1436

handkerchief1530

handkercher1531

mocket1537

wiper1587

nose-cloth1589

pocket handkerchief1645

handcloth1676

mouchoira1685

pocket-clotha1704

wipe1708

volet1789

kerchief1814

snotter1823

lachrymatory1825

nose-rag1840

nose-wiper1840

sweat-rag1843

lachrymary1854

sneezer1857

stook1859

snottinger1864

snot-rag1888

hanky1895

penwiper1902

paper handkerchief1907

nose-wipe1919

snitch-rag1940

paper hankie1959

1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 510/1 Handkerchiefs, Paper (Medicated)—These soft, silky papers are specially prepared for invalids, and are invaluable to sufferers from bronchial affections, catarrh, &c.

1939 R. Stout Red Threads (1941) viii. 109 A luxury brand of paper handkerchief, used for wiping creams from the skin.

1997 London Rev. Bks. 29 May 20/4 I went to a stall and handed over a pound coin, for which I was given a pack of paper handkerchiefs in a plastic sheath.

paper hankie n. (also paper hanky) colloquial = paper handkerchief n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief

coverchiefc1305

cloutc1380

muckender1420

napkin1436

handkerchief1530

handkercher1531

mocket1537

wiper1587

nose-cloth1589

pocket handkerchief1645

handcloth1676

mouchoira1685

pocket-clotha1704

wipe1708

volet1789

kerchief1814

snotter1823

lachrymatory1825

nose-rag1840

nose-wiper1840

sweat-rag1843

lachrymary1854

sneezer1857

stook1859

snottinger1864

snot-rag1888

hanky1895

penwiper1902

paper handkerchief1907

nose-wipe1919

snitch-rag1940

paper hankie1959

1959 Woman 2 May 4/4 How do I keep my bouffant hair style looking just set? The secret lies in my home-made rollers—big, fat ones made from cotton wool wrapped round with paper hankies.

1990 R. Doyle Snapper (1993) 145 He studied the J-cloth, threw it back and rooted in his pockets for a paper hankie.

paper hornet n. chiefly U.S. a hornet which builds a paper nest, esp. Dolichovespula maculata.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > superfamily Vespoidea (hornets) > vespa crabro (hornet)

hornetc725

scrabrouna1425

yellow jacket1796

ground-hornet1822

paper hornet1870

1870 Amer. Naturalist 3 52 The Paper Hornet (Vespa maculata) often enters my nucleus hives, when I am rearing Italian queen bees.

1943 A. Stupka in R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 287 Paper hornets drone about the old deserted cabins.

2000 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 14 Sept. I was a bit worried that viewers might get the impression that honeybees are just as troublesome and abundant as yellow jackets and paper hornets.

paper hunt n. a paperchase (now usually figurative).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > hare and hounds

hunt the foxa1600

hunt the hare1762

fox and hounds1821

hare and hounds1839

fox-chase1856

paperchase1856

paper hunt1871

1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Jan. 52 Hilton backed up Gordon at the paper-hunt yesterday.

1996 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 11 Apr. a8 The paper hunt..was overshadowed by new reports that senior officers have known since October that the missing files may be the result of an old computer system as opposed to deliberate tampering.

paper keeper n. a person who has charge of official documents, papers, etc.

ΚΠ

1927 Daily Tel. 3 May 3 In the opinion of the Postmaster-General the paperkeepers were amply remunerated at the present rates.

2000 Evening Standard (Nexis) 22 May 19 I started as a paper keeper, extracting files.

paper kiosk n. a kiosk at which newspapers are sold.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun] > for sale of other specific goods

bookstand1743

bookstall1753

newsstand1867

paper kiosk1935

1935 E. Bowen House in Paris i. 11 A paper kiosk opened to take its stock in.

1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Jan. v. 2/3 I read the bad news standing in the local pharmacy that serves as paper kiosk and nerve center for the town.

paper machine n. a machine for making paper (in quot. 1769 perhaps a device or ornament of papier mâché).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > machine

paper machine1769

1769 N.Y. Jrnl. or Gen. Advertiser 1 June (advt.) Nicholas Bernard..has for sale..chimney Pieces, Figures of Plaster of Paris..Paper Machine for Ceilings [etc.].

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 937 The pulp being diluted to a consistency suitable for the paper machine, is delivered into a vat.

2000 Paper Technol. (Paper Industry Techn. Assoc.) Feb. 42/1 The paper machine at Reading Paperboard produces 431 to 631 g/m² recycled board at line shaft speeds up to 102 m/min.

† paper-marl n. Obsolete a kind of marl occurring in thin layers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > marl > other marls

pigeon marl1601

paper-marl1707

toad-marl1764

rock marl1772

earth-marl1803

wichert1912

1707–12 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. (1721) I. 87 Paper-Marle, which lies near Coals, and [is] like Leaves or Pieces of brown Paper, only 'tis something lighter for Colour.

paper match n. a match made of paper; (now usually) = book match n. at book n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > match, spill, or taper for lighting > specifically ignited by friction

allumette1601

fire cane1644

paper match1780

Strasbourg match1825

match1830

lucifer match1831

fusee1832

loco-foco1835

oxymuriatic match1835

Congreve1839

Vesta1839

friction-match1847

safety match1850

German Congreve1851

Vesuvian1853

star1862

safety1876

tandstickor1884

post-and-railsa1890

book match1899

Swan Vesta1908

1780 Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 413 Those paper matches which the Chinese put into those little squibs, which go by the name of India crackers.

1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xlv. 519 Little Ruth..had a particular interest in some delicate paper-matches on the chimney-piece: wondering who could have made them.

1987 M. Kochanski Northern Bushcraft (1988) i. 13 If you consistently succeed with a split paper match in wet, windy weather, you should never have a problem lighting fires in the bush.

paper mildew n. an ascomycete fungus, Ascotricha chartarum, which causes mildew on paper.

ΚΠ

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 294/1 The Paper-Mildew (Ascotricha chartarum)..grows on damp paper, and therefore is saprophytic in its mode of life.

1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 149/2 Foxed, foxing or foxy, stains, specks or spots in paper, e.g. prints, books, mostly due to mould or paper-mildew.

1995 Re: removing musty smell from old paper in rec.antiques (Usenet newsgroup) 16 Mar. I know a book dealer who kills paper mildew with Lysol, but I don't know whether this will damage the book in other ways.

† paper-minister n. Obsolete Scottish a minister who reads out his sermons.

ΚΠ

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters v. 82 The skin-flint wife of a paper minister.

1891 R. Ford Thistledown 276 It's a judgement for leaving my ain godlie Mr. Peebles at the Newton, an' comin' to hear a paper-minister.

paper-moth n. now rare a moth whose larvae eat paper; (figurative) a person who spends most of the time reading and writing, a bookworm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types > unspecified

paper-moth1699

arch1766

moth1802

nun1832

runic1832

vulture-feather1832

wormwood1832

buff-tip1836

1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle iii. i. 28 Are my Cloathes so course, as if they were spun by those lazy Spinsters the Muses..? Do my hands look like Paper moths?

1845 Amer. Whig Rev. Mar. 264/2 It [sc. ornithology] fell almost exclusively into the hands of dry old paper-moths, whose dull fatiguing compilations only tended to stultify more profoundly the inanities of their predecessors.

1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-moth,..one who is constantly occupied with paper.

paper mulberry n. a small tree of the mulberry family, Broussonetia papyrifera, native to eastern Asia and Polynesia, from the inner bark of which paper and cloth is made.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in paper, glass, or pottery manufacture > [noun] > paper-plant or -tree > paper mulberry

paper mulberry1769

cloth-tree1777

cloth-mulberry1784

1769 J. Banks Jrnl. (1962) I. 353 The Material of which it [sc. South-sea cloth] is made is the interior bark or fiber of..the Chinese paper mulberry Morus Papyrifera.

1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 226 The Paper Mulberry..furnishes to the Polynesian Islanders the useful Tapa cloth, which is fabricated from its fibrous bark.

1999 Guardian 31 July (Weekend Suppl.) 46/2 Broussonetia papyrifera (the paper mulberry).., with its purple-banded bark and large, fiddle-back leaves, tolerance of pollution and poor soil, is a welcome inclusion to urban planting.

paper muslin n. glazed muslin used for dress linings, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > fine, light, or delicate > muslin > other

millinetc1784

muslinet1785

saccharilla1851

paper muslin1858

1858 E. T. Freedley Philadelphia & its Manuf. 414 Mrs. A. M. Hollingsworth..keeps a very great variety of Materials for Flowers of every kind—paper muslin, silver and waxed leaves, [etc.].

1969 C. M. Foust Muscovite & Mandarin ix. 357 Lesser quantities were purchased of paper muslin.

paper napkin n. a disposable table napkin made of paper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > napkin or serviette

napkin1384

muckender1420

napetc1422

savernapron1422

browera1475

serviette1490

serviter1522

muffling cheat1567

diapera1616

doily1711

paper napkin1847

lap-cloth1849

1847 G. Smith Narr. Exploratory Visit China xxvii. 406 At one time he brought a spoon, or a pair of chop-sticks; at another time he fetched a paper-napkin for his father's use, or re-filled his glass with samshoo.

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 109/1 Paper Napkins..for tourists, travelers, lawn parties, lunches, picnics.

1991 M. S. Power Come the Executioner (1992) xvi. 190 He wiped his fingers carefully, and wiped his mouth too with a paper napkin.

paper nautilus n. a small dibranchiate cephalopod of the genus Argonauta, the female of which is protected by a very thin, single-chambered, detached shell, and has webbed dorsal arms which it was formerly believed to use as sails (also called argonaut); the shell of such a cephalopod; cf. paper-shelled nautilus n.

ΚΠ

1792 G. Shaw Vivarium Naturæ, or Naturalist's Misc. III. pl. 101 The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus.

1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. li. 275 In the former of these [sc. families] there is only the single genus Argonauta (the Paper Sailor, or the Paper Nautilus).

1999 Sewanee Rev. 107 p. xxxiv/1 We read her response to the gift of a paper nautilus shell.

paper nylon n. a stiff paper-like form of nylon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from man-made fibres > [noun] > synthetic > nylon

nylon1940

Nylex1957

paper nylon1959

Antron1960

Qiana1968

1959 J. T. Story Mix me a Person iv. 42 The fossilised remains of juke boxes and female frolic skeletons in paper-nylon slips.

1999 Independent 19 Mar. ii. 7/7 Each..generation found natural means to improve their fabrics; a strained potato water to clean silk, a tealeaf rinse for linens, sugar and water to stiffen paper nylon petticoats.

paper park n. Computing = paper parking n.

ΚΠ

1987 PC Week (Nexis) 27 Oct. 85 The continuous paper stays in the machine, but out of the way. The user can then insert a single piece of letterhead paper or an envelope. The paper park is a standard feature on the 393.

1996 Computing Canada (Nexis) 23 May 39 Additional features include an automatic load, paper park and zero-inch tear-off.

paper parking n. Computing a facility on a computer printer which allows alternation between continuous-feed paper and individual sheets, without the removal of the former from the machine.

ΚΠ

1987 InfoWorld (Nexis) 11 May 22 The new HR-40 also has a ‘paper parking’ feature that permits users to switch between tractor-fed fanfold paper and single sheets without removing paper from the tractor.

1995 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 16 Feb. 35 Most modern models have push tractors and paper parking, allowing single sheets of cut paper to be inserted without removing the continuous stationery.

paper paste n. now rare papier mâché.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] > papier mâché

papier mâché1753

paper mache1763

paper paste1763

carton-pierre1850

1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 367 This varnish, mixed with ivory-black,..is applied..on the dried paper paste.

1858 Ladies' Repository Nov. 694/2 He renders paper paste transparent by causing it to undergo a certain metamorphosis.

2003 Egypt Today (Nexis) 1 Feb. The surfaces are..composed of recycled organic material like hay, straw, wood, palm-tree fibers and a paper paste made out of different types of paper blended together by soaking them in water.

paper pattern n. a pattern cut out of paper; spec. a dressmaking pattern printed on paper (now usually on tissue paper).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example > pattern cut out of paper

paper pattern1702

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > equipment > pattern

patterna1632

pattern body1819

paper pattern1833

protractor1875

toile1933

1702 S. Pepys Let. 13 Sept. (1926) II. 272 A strict measure cutt in paper of the originall writeing..and..a strict copy taken of the sayd writeing..one copy thereof and of the paper-patterne, attested by the Doctor, to bee delivered to him.

1833 in A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping (1964) iv. 40 A great variety of Morning, Dinner, Evening, Ball & Opera Dresses,..which are made in models and full-size Paper Patterns.

1998 N.Y. Mag. 4 May 71/1 They start by taking no fewer than 37 measurements—41 for female customers—and from the resulting data, they construct a paper pattern.

† paper pholas n. Obsolete = paper piddock n.

ΚΠ

1866 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands v. 101 One of the British species, the Paper Pholas (Pholas papyracea), has a peculiarly thin and delicate shell.

paper piddock n. a thin-shelled piddock, Pholadidea loscombiana.

ΚΠ

1901 E. Step Shell Life 168 The Paper Piddock (Pholadidea papyracea) has a shell that is exceedingly thin and delicate, oval and convex.

1976 C. M. Yonge & T. E. Thompson Living Marine Molluscs xvi. 209 (caption) Lateral view of paper piddock, Pholadidea loscombiana.

paper plane n. = paper aeroplane n.

ΚΠ

1966 N.Y. Times 12 Dec. 38/4 Many's the time we've spied a virtuoso paper plane turn the corner of the office hallway.

1993 Cycling Weekly 16 Jan. 3/3 Mighty squadrons of paper planes (fashioned from Albert Hall invitations) bearing down on the champions below.

paper plant n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants

papyrusa1398

paper plant1597

paper reed1597

paper-rush1608

sea-willow1807

paper-

1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 37 This kinde of reede, which I haue englished Paper reede, or Paper plant, is the same..that paper was made of in Egypt.

1878 J. D. Quackenbos Illustr. Hist. Anc. Lit. 22 Papyrus, or the paper-plant, the bulrush of Scripture, grew in the marshes and pools of Egypt.

1991 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Mar. 121/2 At the edges of the ponds grow Cyperus alternifolius, C. esculentus, C. papyrus (Egyptian paper plant), Colocasia esculenta, [etc.].

paper plate n. (a) a disposable plate made of paper or cardboard; (b) a specially treated paper used as an offset printing plate in certain office duplicating machines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > other types of dish

spice-plate1391

pie plate1573

maple dish1637

cheese platea1665

supper dish1664

copperplate1665

reaming dish1712

paper plate1723

pickle leaf1762

pap-boat1782

supper1787

vegetable dish1799

well-dish1814

ice plate1820

pudding plate1838

tea plate1862

picnic plate1885

strawberry dish1941

1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. B2^v (heading) Almond Bisket..bake them on Paper-Plates in a moderate Oven.

1948 R. R. Karch Graphic Arts Procedures viii. 242 Three kinds of plates are used on the Multilith Duplicators. On the paper plate provided for one-run jobs, you can type, write, letter, draw, paint, rule, or trace the image desired in special inks. The plate is then placed on the press without further preparation.

1966 ‘D. Shannon’ With Vengeance iii. 48 He..confiscated one of the hot cookies she'd just transferred to the paper plate.

1976 Times 1 Apr. 32/9 (advt.) Multilith paper plates, large surplus stock, variety of sizes.

2001 E. Schlosser Fast Food Nation v. 131 A middle-aged woman in a lab coat handed me a paper plate full of premium extra longs, the type of french fries sold at McDonald's.

† paper-plot n. Obsolete an outline or précis drawn up on paper, esp. the plot of a play.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > plot

plat1589

plot1613

paper-plot1622

bone1647

intrigue1651

action1668

intrigo1672

fable1678

story1679

happy ending1748

storyline1906

plot line1907

1622 G. Markham & W. Sampson Herod & Antipater iii. sig. G Such paper-plots are inuisible Goblins; Pinching them most, which doe least iniury.

1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy iii. 49 Enter Prince, Aretas, Corax (with a Paper-plot).

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 56 His Book limited not his design, nor his Paper-Plot his undertakings.

† paper poplar n. Obsolete the large-toothed aspen, Populus grandidentata, of eastern North America, the soft wood of which is used for papermaking.

ΚΠ

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Populus grandidentata, Large-toothed Aspen, Soft or Paper Poplar.

† paper-priest n. Obsolete = paper-minister n.

ΚΠ

1781 Reading not Preaching ii. 11 Let our paper-priests and reading clergy apply this to themselves.

paper reed n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants

papyrusa1398

paper plant1597

paper reed1597

paper-rush1608

sea-willow1807

paper-

1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 37 This kinde of reede, which I haue englished Paper reede, or Paper plant, is the same..that paper was made of in Egypt.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xix. 7 The paper reeds by the brookes..shall wither.

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Papyrus Ægyptia, in English, Paper-Reed of the Antients, growing in Nilus, and of Sicily.

1855 R. Browning Saul (rev. ed.) xiii, in Men & Women II. 131 The river's a-wave With smooth paper-reeds.

2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June 74/2 Many grasses relish the moist, sticky conditions that a swamp provides. Among the most spectacular is Cyperus papyrus, the Egyptian paper reed.

paper ribbon n. (a) = paper tape n.; (b) = paper streamer n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers

streamer1857

paper streamer1868

paper ribbon1876

paper chain1943

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy §119 The [Wheatstone] apparatus consists of three parts: the perforator, which prepares the message by punching holes in a paper ribbon; the transmitter..and the receiver.

1903 C. H. Sewall Wireless Telegr. iii. 133 There is a telegraphic apparatus known as the ‘Wheatstone’, in which a paper ribbon is first perforated and then sent through a machine, recording at the distant end with ink marks upon paper tape.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 9/1 Even as he spoke he was frowning at the little paper ribbon that cascaded from the glass dome of the ticker.

1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 102 He hadn't blown whistles or thrown paper ribbons.

1992 C. McCarthy All Pretty Horses (1993) iv. 283 In the alameda..young girls were stringing paper ribbon overhead.

paper rouble n. see rouble n. 2.

paper round n. the job of delivering newspapers on a regular (usually daily) basis; the regular route taken by a person doing this job.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers

paper route1868

paper round1948

paper run1948

1948 C. Day Lewis Otterbury Incident iv. 47 I asked if he'd let me take on part of his paper-round that evening.

1992 J. Meek Last Orders 122 Mark got more pocket money and a paper round seven days a week.

paper route n. North American = paper round n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers

paper route1868

paper round1948

paper run1948

1868 Figaro (San Francisco) 23 July 2/1 A Paper Route—One of the best on the most substantial city daily.

1929 T. Wolfe Look homeward, Angel (1930) xxvi. 349 He found a substitute for his paper route.

2002 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 14 Apr. 15/1 A paper route provided young Henry with pocket change and a sense of mission.

† paper royal n. Obsolete see royal adj. 11a.

† paper-ruler n. Obsolete an instrument used for, or person employed in, ruling straight lines on paper.

ΚΠ

1844 Rep. Commissioners 1841 Census: Occup. Abstr. xiii. 291/1, in Parl. Papers XXVII. 369/1 Paper Ruler.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Paper-ruler, a workman who lines paper by hand.

paper run n. New Zealand = paper round n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers

paper route1868

paper round1948

paper run1948

1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. viii. 48 Gilbert wanted..a bike for Christmas so's he could have a paper run.

1992 North & South (Auckland) Apr. 106 I had a paper run, and with the tips I got selling papers..I'd go to the Star Cafe.

paper-rush n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus; papyrus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants

papyrusa1398

paper plant1597

paper reed1597

paper-rush1608

sea-willow1807

paper-

1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques sig. A4 Niger,..crowned, with an artificiall wreath of Cane, and Paper-rush.

1868 C. M. Yonge Chosen People (ed. 5) xvi. 66 Ptolemy Lagos..founded a great library there [sc. at Alexandria], collecting, from every quarter, books written either on parchment, or on the paper rush of Egypt.

1981 R. N. Soulen Handbk. Biblical Crit. (ed. 2) 136 Papyrus, known also as the paper-reed or paper-rush, was widely employed for writing throughout the Mediterranean from the 4th cent. B.C. to the 7th cent. A.D.

paper sack n. chiefly North American a paper bag.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > sack > of specific material

gunny1711

paper sack1904

1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Put the apples in a paper sack.

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet iv. i. 279 Eck had gone on into the store and emerged with a paper sack, from which he took a segment of cheese.

1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 69 To give myself something to do I restack packets of papads, pour rawa into paper sacks and label them carefully.

paper sailor n. now rare = paper nautilus n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Dibranchiata > section Octopoda > family Argonautidae > member of

nautilus1755

paper sailor1815

1815 S. Brookes Introd. Conchol. 156 Paper Nautilus, Paper Sailor, Argonauta Argo.

1901 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 3/4 The Argonaut or Paper Sailer..so called from the delicate consistence of its shell.

paper sculpture n. the making of three-dimensional structures from one or more pieces of paper by folding, cutting, etc.; an object made by this process.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami

paper-folding1893

paper sculpture1946

origami1948

1946 A. Sadler Paper Sculpture 17 Paper Sculpture..is composed of sheets of finished paper, so rolled, bent, scored, cut and folded, that it makes a desired form.

1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. ii. 31 Picasso would..put his scissors to the most inventive use: in 1912 for the papiers collés and paper sculptures of cubism.

paper shale n. Geology shale which readily splits into very thin, paper-like laminae.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale > others

till1672

bass1686

bat1686

blue metal1699

scallop slate1711

black shale1730

shale-shiver1794

shale1825

till-stonec1830

Wenlock shale1834

famp1836

Boghead1858

oil shale1866

paper shale1874

symon1881

paste-rock1882

slasto1953

1874 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 425 Next below these, black paper shales, with many fossils and a bone-bed.

1931 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 168. 7/2 ‘Paper shale’ is the term applied to finely laminated claystones, siltstones, mudstones, and marlstones that show a pronounced tendency to part along the closely spaced bedding planes.

1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain 161 We came up through the debris of three cordilleras, through repetitive sandstones and paper shales.

paper-shelled adj. having a very thin, fragile shell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having a shell > having a very thin shell

paper-shelled1753

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [adjective] > of or relating to a shell > having a shell > of a certain kind

hard-shelled1599

shelled1611

hardshell1670

softshell1670

paper-shelled1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nautilus Paper-shelled nautilus.

1881 P. Henderson Handbk. Plants 13/1 at Amygdalus The several varieties [of almond], such as hard, soft, or paper shelled, have all originated from A. communis.

1946 National Geographic Mag. Apr. 526/2 Immediately after molting the animal [sc. a lobster] is soft-shelled. In a few days it is paper-shelled.

2002 MX (Melbourne) (Nexis) 24 Oct. 19 The local nuts in season include Yarra Valley hazelnuts and paper shelled almonds.

† paper-shelled nautilus n. Obsolete = paper nautilus n.

ΚΠ

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nautilus The polypus is by no means to be confounded with the paper-shelled nautilus.

paper shredder n. a machine for tearing up sheets of paper, esp. confidential documents, into small unreadable pieces.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > other types of cutting equipment > [noun] > shredder > for paper

ticket chopper1898

shredder1950

paper shredder1962

1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File xxx. 195 A small machine like a typewriter carriage. It was a paper shredder. Jay fed the sheet in and pressed a button. It disappeared.

1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 6/1 The Council has installed an industrial-sized paper shredder at Rova Head where the public can have documents destroyed quickly and safely.

paper-shredding adj. that shreds paper into small unreadable pieces.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > other types of cutting equipment > [adjective] > shredder

paper-shredding1939

1939 Fortune Oct. 63/2 (caption) This is a paper-shredding machine. Wastepaper is saved and reworked to conserve the paper supply.

1998 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Aug. (Features section) 9 Colonel Oliver North's glamorous, paper-shredding accomplice.

paper shuffler n. colloquial and derogatory (originally U.S.) a person whose job involves excessive paperwork, esp. of a routine or bureaucratic nature (cf. paper-pusher n. 2).

ΚΠ

1975 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 10 Mar. 18 Those who are leaving the Government are not the rank and file of federal workers—‘not just paper shufflers’ as one concerned Congressman put it.

2000 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 134/2 He soon found that he'd penetrated a world of overprotected paper shufflers and butt coverers.

paper-shuffling n. (a) routine, unnecessary, or excessive paperwork, red tape; (b) illegal or unethical financial transactions disguised by misleading paperwork, creative accounting, etc.

ΚΠ

1952 Congress. Rec. 7 Feb. 932/2 It is clear that there is a tremendous amount of waste in unnecessary printing in almost every department of Government... There is entirely too much paper shuffling.

1996 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 14 May 1 Results on the ground should take precedence over bureaucratic paper-shuffling.

paper spar n. Geology rare calcite occurring as very thin plates.

ΚΠ

1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i Paper-spar = slate-spar.

1939 W. Huebner Geol. & Allied Sci. I. 248 Papierspat, paper spar.

† paper-stealth n. Obsolete literary piracy, plagiarism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > want of originality > plagiarism

stealtha1568

plagiuma1620

plagiarism1621

plagiary1630

paper-stealth1647

plagiary-shipa1661

plagiarization1884

1647 H. More Philos. Poems i. ii. xxxix The words that he by paper-stealth had got.

paper stock n. raw material from which paper is made.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun]

paper stock1862

stock1873

furnish1920

1862 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 11 Oct. 35/1 The bags are rarely used more than once before they fall into the hands of the rag-merchants and paper-makers. In this condition they constitute the cheapest paper stock to be found in the market.

1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes vii. 266 Quick~set inks are also used when printing on coated paper stock.

1994 Harper's Mag. Apr. 75/3 HQ never put on airs:..though its paper stock changed from yellow to white,..the fifty-third issue of the quarterly looked just as rinky-dink as the first.

paper streamer n. a long narrow strip of coloured paper used as a decoration, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers

streamer1857

paper streamer1868

paper ribbon1876

paper chain1943

1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xxii. 317 Out in the garden stood a stately snow-maiden, crowned with holly,..a Christmas carol issuing from her lips, on a pink paper streamer.

1930 A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xxv. 373 It was a Gala Night; and the waiters were distributing paper streamers, balloons, dolls, squeakers and fans.

1992 I. Banks Crow Road vii. 177 Wreathed in silly string and clumps and strands of paper streamers from party poppers,..she enveloped me in a very friendly kiss.

† paper-table n. Obsolete a sheet or leaf of paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > sheet of

writing paper1477

throughc1500

sheet1510

paper-table1605

sheetling1817

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 183 Blush not (my Booke)..To beare about vpon thy paper-Tables [Fr. paints sur ton blanc papier], Flies, Butterflies, Gnats, Bees, and all the rables Of other Insects.

paper taffeta n. a lightweight taffeta with a crisp, papery finish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [noun] > taffeta > types of

Tours taffeta1558

tuftaffeta1567

gum-taffeta1738

paper taffeta1957

1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 344/1 Paper taffeta, crisp lightweight taffeta with a somewhat papery feel.

1988 A. S. Byatt Still Life (BNC) 5 I thought paper taffeta had gone forever..when we all took to glazed cotton.

paper tape n. tape made of paper, esp. used for representing data by means of punched holes; cf. perforated tape n. at perforated adj. Compounds, punched tape n. at punched adj.¹ Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > punch card or tape

punched paper1860

punch card1881

punched tape1885

paper tape1890

perforated tape1890

punched card1890

master card1937

tape1945

1890 Electrician 4 July 233/2 Each of these styles can be pressed against the paper tape by the armature of a corresponding electromagnet.

1961 Times 3 Oct. (Computer Suppl.) p. vi/4 Each day the paper-tape readers feed into the computer more than nine million characters relating to long-distance calls.

2000 A. E. Sale in R. Rojas & U. Hashagen First Computers iv. 357 The Colossus computer... Colossus read teleprinter characters, in the international Baudot code, at 5,000 characters per second from a paper tape.

paper-thin adj. extremely thin; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > thinness > [adjective] > very thin

fine-drawn1840

waferish1866

tissuey1867

wafery1880

wafer-thina1911

paper-thin1929

micro-thin1945

skin-thin1946

1929 E. Bowen Last September vii. 85 The door went paper~thin as they raised their voices.

1976 Liverpool Echo 24 Nov. 5/4 The Government's paper-thin majority.

2002 Times 21 Feb. ii. 22/3 Against the massed White forces Black's kingside defences are paper thin and one move crumples them immediately.

paper tissue n. tissue paper; (also) a paper handkerchief.

ΚΠ

1888 G. Barlow Pageant of Life 209 Down will crumble walls like paper tissue, When hoarse riot charges like the sea.

1994 J. Galloway Foreign Parts v. 61 Cassie reached over, poking a paper tissue at the stain.

paper towel n. a small disposable towel made of absorbent paper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > rubbing with towel > towel > paper towel

kitchen towel1744

paper towel1916

1916 Vanity Fair May 81/2 I..recorded such evidence as will prove the parking scheme the greatest boon to mankind since the failure generally to adopt the paper towel.

1943 D. Baker Trio i. 55 She jerked a paper towel off the roller and did a careful job of drying.

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 June 126/4 Let potatoes soak for an hour, then drain in a colander and pat them dry with a paper towel.

paper tower n. now historical the part of a Monotype machine in which the perforated paper tape is held.

ΚΠ

1916 Monotype Syst. (Lanston Monotype Machine Co.) Gloss. p. lxvi Paper Tower... The mechanism of both the Keyboard and Casting Machine..that carries the paper ribbon and advances it one marginal perforation for each character, or space, struck at the Keyboard or cast at the Casting Machine.

1951 S. Jennett Making of Bks. iv. 68 Above the keybank is the paper-tower, in which is a roll of paper perforated along the edges like cine-film.

paper town n. North American (a) a town that is planned but not actually founded; (b) a town or city supported by the papermaking industry.

ΚΠ

1819 E. Evans Pedestrious Tour 228 On this river too is General Simcoe's paper town called London.

1856 W. A. Phillips Conquest of Kansas 118 [He went] to Lecompton, then merely a paper town without a house.

1957 B. Hutchison Canada 307 Logging camps, mills, paper towns, the new aluminium town of Kitimat..pour their products into Vancouver.

1971 P. Berton Last Spike i. iii. 29 ‘I don't see any town,’ Canning said, as he climbed down. ‘Well it is only a paper town yet,’ his acquaintance replied.

paper trail n. (a) a trail marked with paper, esp. one followed by runners in a paperchase; (b) originally and chiefly U.S. a series of documents giving evidence on, information about, or verification regarding a particular issue, person, or thing.

ΚΠ

1868 T. Hood Lost Link I. v. 73 It's just ‘hare and hounds’, all the world over. Your hare takes big jumps.., but he drops a paper trail wherever he goes, and you're sure to get up with him at last.

1935 S. Chase Govt. in Business 61 Always at the end of the checks and double checks of the paper trail, was a man.

1975 N.Y. Times 11 June 42 By August, 1973, when C.I.A. Director Colby virtually halted this project ‘the paper trail left by Operation CHAOS included somewhere in the area of 13,000 files on subjects and individuals.’

1985 Times 4 Sept. 21/5 The first cross-country clubs..were designated ‘Hare and Hounds’, the hare setting a paper trail for the hounds to follow.

1996 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Apr. b2/6 Two agents with the Internal Revenue Service..pieced together the paper trail from bank statements and canceled checks.

paper tree n. any of various trees and shrubs having bark from which paper is made, as the paper mulberry and various members of the genus Edgeworthia (family Thymelaceae), or bark that peels in papery layers, as the paperbark tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in paper, glass, or pottery manufacture > [noun] > paper-plant or -tree

paper tree1727

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan i. ix. 114 The Kadsi, or Paper-tree [Ger. Papierbaum], is of the Mulberry Kind.

1837 G. F. Moore Evidences Inland Sea 9 Each family had its separate hut soon completed from the ready materials of blackboy spears and paper-tree bark.

1926 Foreign Plant Dis. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 66 Edgeworthia. Paper tree. Ornamental shrubs grown for their yellow flowers.

paper war n. an acrimonious feud or argument conducted in print; a war restricted to written threats, accusations, etc.

ΚΠ

1710 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1873) II. 319 On the Paper-War betwixt High and Low Church.

1846 G. G. Meade Let. 26 Jan. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 47 I have no idea we will ever get a fight out of them; it will be a paper war entirely.

1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 141/2 In 1721–2 he waded into the paper war over the so-called ‘Bangorian controversy’ initiated by the sermon on church government by Benjamin Hoadly, bishop of Bangor.

paperware n. articles made of paper or (esp. in early use) papier mâché.

ΚΠ

1885 N.Y.'s Great Industries (Edwards & Critten) (new ed.) 29 Atlan. Highland Paperware Co.

1925 G. Dickinson Eng. Papier-mâché i. 3 In 1772 Henry Clay, japanner, of Birmingham, invented a material which had certain heat-resisting properties, that made it suitable for japanning or lacquering processes. The body of the material was made by pasting sheets of paper together, and the articles made from it were called ‘paper ware’.

1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 8/1 The craze for making ‘Paper-ware’ spread from the 17th to the 19th century, when recipes for making and decorating bowls, vases and plates, were printed in such papers as the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’.

2003 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch (Nexis) 17 Feb. d9 They will provide cakes, special-occasion cakes, ice cream, plasticware, paperware, cards, candles and balloons.

paper warfare n. the conducting of a paper war; paper wars collectively.

ΚΠ

1718 N. Amhurst Protestant Popery 5 A Priestly-War I sing, and bloodless Field, And pious Chiefs, in Paper Warfare skill'd.

1869 M. H. Smith Sunshine & Shadow 658 Conservatives and Radicals..after unbending for an hour, go back to their several dens to renew the paper warfare.

1963 D. Ogilvy Confessions Advertising Man (1964) i. 15 I abhor people who wage paper-warfare.

2003 AAP Newsfeed (Nexis) 27 Feb. He had already taken his complaints to every external and internal body possible... But all it had led to was ‘paper warfare’, with complaints being passed back and forth.

† paper-washing n. Photography Obsolete rare water in which silver prints have been washed (esp. before toning), often containing a considerable amount of silver.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. 4268/3 Paper-washing,..water which has been used to wash prints, especially the first changes of water in which silver prints have been washed before toning.

paper wasp n. any of various wasps that construct nests of a papery substance made from wood fragments moistened into paste; spec. a social wasp of the genus Polistes.

ΚΠ

1853 F. A. Rauch Psychol. ii. 44 The paper wasp builds its nest of pasteboard fabricated by its own ingenuity.

1941 R. Headstrom Adventures with Microscope xxiv. 86 We manufacture paper—so do the paper wasps.

2002 Connecticut Wildlife Mar.–Apr. 9/1 Cavity nesting birds may be facing a new threat..in the form of the European paper wasp (Polistes dominulus).

paper window n. a window in which paper is used instead of glass.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun] > window > specific filled with paper or cloth

paper window1580

sash1687

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn Chassis, a paper window.

1857 R. Fortune Resid. among Chinese xiii. 272 Daylight was streaming through the paper window.

1997 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 12 Feb. 1 t Gourmet establishments that glow with candlelight through paper windows.

paper-windowed adj. fitted with paper windows.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [adjective] > window > having paper windows

paper-windowed1889

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 2/2 We were shown to a clean paper-windowed room.

1995 Africa News (Nexis) Mar. Lagos is..a city where zinc-walled, paper-windowed shacks tremble in the concrete shadows of ultra-modern skyscrapers.

† paper worm n. Obsolete (a) a person who wastes or ruins paper (cf. bookworm n. 2); (b) = bookworm n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > one devoted to reading

bookworm1580

helluo librorum1635

paper worm1646

reading machine1809

bibliophagist1881

1646 M. Nedham Independencie no Schisme To Rdr. sig. A2^v Have a little patience; for I must needs throw away some Ink upon this Paper-worme, this great benefactor to the Magazine of waste paper.

1650 Mercurius Politicus No. 7. 100 In my opinion, next to Wil. Pryn, and the Mercurial Pamphleters, this old Doctor is one of the greatest Paper-worms that ever crept into a Closet, or a Library.

1812 I. D'Israeli Calamities of Authors II. 110 Prynne..proved himself to be one of the greatest paper worms which ever crept into old books and mouldy records.]

paper yabber n. [ < Australian Aboriginal English: see yabber n.] Australian (now rare) a written message, a letter or newspaper.

ΚΠ

1887 ‘Overlander’ Austral. Sketches 24 I determined to send him off first with a paper yabber to the other stockman telling him where we had gone.

1968 W. Linklater & L. Tapp Gather no Moss 76 They carried paper yabbas (letters, usually held in a cleft stick) in accident and sickness.

Derivatives

ˈpaperlike adj.

ΚΠ

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 93 Paper-like walls.

1857 M. Gatty Parables 2nd Ser. 33 Little pieces of his delicate paper-like bark.

2003 Detroit Free Press (Nexis) 2 Dec. Peel the paperlike skin from around the bulb of garlic.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	paper
释义	papern.adj. Brit. /ˈpeɪpə/, U.S. /ˈpeɪpər/ Forms: Middle English papir, Middle English papire, Middle English papur, Middle English papure, Middle English papyre, Middle English paupere, Middle English paupir, Middle English paupire, Middle English–1500s pauper, Middle English–1600s papyr, Middle English– paper, 1500s papre, 1600s–1700s peaper, 1800s– papper (English regional (Cheshire)); Scottish pre-1700 paipar, pre-1700 paiper, pre-1700 paipper, pre-1700 palpire, pre-1700 papar, pre-1700 papeir, pre-1700 papere, pre-1700 papir, pre-1700 papper, pre-1700 papyer, pre-1700 papyre, pre-1700 peaper, pre-1700 pepair, pre-1700 peper, pre-1700 pepier, pre-1700 1700s peiper, pre-1700 1700s– paper, pre-1700 1800s– pepper, pre-1700 1900s– peyper, 1700s piper, 1900s– pipper. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French paper, papier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman papir, paper, papere, papire and Middle French, French papier paper, written document (13th cent. in Old French in a Picard source in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 14th cent.; also 15th cent. in Middle French as paupier ), ultimately < classical Latin papȳrus the papyrus or paper-reed of the Nile, also writing-material made of it ( < Hellenistic Greek πάπυρος the papyrus-reed, also textiles, etc., made of it: see papyrus n.), probably via a northern Italian form, itself after post-classical Latin paperium (13th cent. in an Italian source), alteration of classical Latin papȳrus with remodelling of the ending after words in -erium, although transmission via Catalan paper (1240) is also possible. Compare Old Occitan papier (14th cent.; Occitan papièr), Spanish papel (1273; 1250 as paper), Portuguese papel (1327). The French word was also borrowed into other West Germanic languages, compare Middle Dutch papier (Dutch papier), Middle Low German papīr ( > Old Swedish papir (Swedish papper), Danish papir), Middle High German papier (early modern German papeir, German Papier); Old High German paffūr, papīr, in sense ‘papyrus-reed’, represent direct borrowings of post-classical Latin papirus, and there is apparently no continuity of use with the later German examples. Irish páipéar, Welsh papur are < English (compare also Welsh †pabwyr (1595), directly < Latin).From the writing-sheets made of the thin strips of papyrus the name was transferred to paper made of cotton, linen, and other fibres. Textile-based paper originated in China and was introduced into Europe via Arabic Spain from the 10th or 11th cent.; by the 14th cent. it was widely manufactured in Europe (compare paper mill n.). Post-classical Latin papirus in the sense ‘(textile-based) paper’ is first attested in Italy in 1163. These developments took place before the word entered the English language, so that here its application to papyrus is only a later retrospective use. A possible earlier borrowing of post-classical Latin papirus , in the sense ‘wick’, into Old English is perhaps shown by an isolated attestation of paper in the third Cleopatra Gloss. (the ultimate source of which is Aldhelm Carmen de virginitate 916 Papirus in medio radiabat lumine centro ):eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 187 Papirus, paper. This is perhaps a scribal error for Old English taper taper n.¹, which is once used to gloss Latin papirus elsewhere in the same manuscript. However, compare Welsh pabir taper, pabwyr wick (both 13th cent.) < Latin. A. n. I. Senses relating to the material. 1. a. Material in the form of thin, flexible sheets used for writing, printing, or drawing on, or for wrapping, covering, etc., usually made from wood pulp which is dried, pressed, and (generally) bleached.Formerly (and still occasionally) also made from rags or other fibrous matter. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] paper1341 writing paper1477 white paper1683 hand-paper1837 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] paper1341 1341–2 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 117 In papyr. 1359–60 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 191 In ij quatyernis de paper empt. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) v. 1597 Youre lettres ful, the papir al ypleynted, Conceyved hath myn hertes pietee. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 42 (MED) A book of papyr to wryte in expensis. a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 131 A reme of papyr wyll nat holde Of thi lewdenes that may be tolde. 1548 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 179 To the Clerkes of the Counsaile for paper, pens and ink. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 24 All their books..are written in parchment, for paper they haue none. 1676 Connecticut Rec. III. 500 Disbursements for paper, wax, books. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 440 He sells his Soul with it, like brown Paper, into the Bargain. 1771 B. Franklin Autobiogr. 308 I sometimes brought home the paper I purchas'd at the stores thro' the streets on a wheel-barrow. 1802 E. Forster tr. Arabian Nights II. 355 He drew from a little writing-case..some paper, a cut cane, and an ink-horn. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Sept. 12/1 A growing tree is now often cut down, made into paper, and turned out as a newspaper in thirty-six hours. 1903 Sci. Amer. 14 Nov. 340/2 A manufacturer of paper [informs us] that the average spruce tree yields a little less than half a cord of wood, which is equivalent to 500 pounds of paper. 1955 L. P. Hartley Perfect Woman xxxv. 317 Isabel fetched paper and string and arranged the sealing-wax and matches and scissors on the dining-room table. 1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) (at cited word) Early Europeans and Americans made high-quality writing paper from cotton and linen rags. Fine writing papers are still made partly or entirely from cloth fibers. b. to put (also set) pen to paper: to begin writing; to write. to commit to paper: see commit v. 6a. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (intransitive)] > begin writing to put (also set) pen to paper1532 to take up one's pen1621 1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. F.vii I wolde..that they wold set the penne to the paper. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Thales in Panoplie Epist. 197 Not so muche as putting pen to paper. 1621 T. W. in tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard sig. A 4^v My fingers did euen itch to set pen to paper, and to vnclappe so good a Worke. 1725 E. Haywood Bath-intrigues iii. 33 They drank so excessive hard, that my Constitution would not bear it, and I have not, till this moment, been capable of putting Pen to Paper. 1817 T. Lawrence Let. 8 Oct. in D. E. Williams Life Sir T. Lawrence (1831) I. 362 The simple act of putting pen to paper is, I am convinced, a much more formidable thing to men than it is to women. 1871 D. G. Rossetti Let. 2 Aug. (1967) III. 965 I do a deal of making up in my head before I put pen to paper. 1928 in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xiii. 331 I must put pen to paper to ask you what you think of Coolidge's Armistice Speech. 2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 i. 5 His anger..was now at a level where he was calm enough to put pen to paper without perforating the Basildon Bond. c. on paper: (a) in writing, in print (also upon paper, †in paper (obsolete)); (b) in theory or in principle, rather than in practice or reality.Now generally used of something represented, promised, planned, or forecast (not always actually in writing), with a suggestion that the reality may not match up to expectations. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adverb] in scripturec1400 in write1483 in (also under) black and white1569 on paper1582 scriptitiously1815 the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adverb] > as opposed to in practice contemplatively1552 on paper1582 nominally1739 in principle1756 theoretically1790 unempirically1848 1582 R. Stanyhurst in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 96 But shal I looue the lady, so as Petrarck Laura regarded? In paper her dandling? her person neauer atayning? 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 161 All those..are rather things in words and paper then in effect. 1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 76, in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The Laws..(on Paper fixt)..pass the Seas. 1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Nov. (1965) I. 64 I have tryd to write plainly. I know not what one can say more upon Paper. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 158 I would oblige the World by putting it in Paper, and making it publick. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 14 A man may be very entertaining and instructive upon paper..and exceedingly dull in common discourse. 1788 Amer. Museum 3 336/2 The form of their constitution, as it is on paper, admits not of coercion. But necessity introduced it in practice. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xii. 227 It is impossible to put an hundredth part of my great mind on paper, so I will abstain altogether. View more context for this quotation 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. vii. 60/2 How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper! Quite another thing in Practice. 1884 E. R. Lankester in Athenæum 29 Mar. 412/2 Lamarckism looks very well on paper, but..when put to the test of observation and experiment it collapses absolutely. 1948 Sat. Rev. 19 June 4/3 The idea sounded fine on paper and gave story editors of rival studios conniption fits, but did not work out in practice. 1977 World of Cricket Monthly June 82/3 On paper, Hampshire looked a short-odds bet for any of the one-day competitions. 2001 This Old House Apr. 124/2 The place measured 2,610 square feet, which sounded good on paper, but almost a sixth of the living space was cored right out of the center by a grand staircase. d. not (also hardly) worth the paper it's written on: worth very little, valueless; of little or no account. ΚΠ 1882 W. D. Howells in Cent. Mag. Apr. 930/1 I don't propose to leave this article here until they steal my thunder, and then have it thrown back on my hands not worth the paper it's written on. 1908 H. G. Wells War in Air i. 31 If them Germans or them Americans get hold of this..the British Empire's done... The Union Jack, so to speak, won't be worth the paper it's written on. 1975 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 74 75 ‘An oral agreement’, Samuel Goldwyn quipped, ‘isn't worth the paper it's written on.’ 1996 Daily Star 26 Feb. 31/2 Many people take out cheap insurance only to find that there are so many ifs and buts that the policy is hardly worth the paper it's written on. 2. a. Material resembling paper (sense A. 1a) in function, consistency, or texture, but differently made.In early use applied spec. to papyrus or a similar substance. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > [noun] > writing material like paper papera1398 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > member of (moth) > fibrous substance produced for nests paper1843 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 242 Þey makeþ þerof [sc. of papyrus] papyre to wryte Inne. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 506 Of the pith or heart of the tree, is made paper for bookes. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 102 The sedgie reeds,..called formerly Papyri, of which they made paper; and whereof ours made of rags, assumeth that name. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 105/1 This [ligneous] fibre..is made into a paper, of which are constructed the combs [of a wasps' nest]. 1872 Q. Rev. 132 221 They make paper of the fine white bast or skin which lies between the wood and the bark. 1974 Sci. Amer. June 8/2–3 There is considerable interest in the industry in plastic papers based on polypropylene, polyethylene or polystyrene for archival, legal or map papers. b. Material made from paper or paper pulp and used in construction, artwork, or building, as papiermâché, boards or slabs for roofing, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] paper1671 1671 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) II. x. iv. 32 Though Paper be one of the commonest Bodies that we use, yet there are very few that imagine..that Frames for Pictures, and divers fine pieces of Emboss'd work, with other Curious Moveables, may..be made of it. 1778 Tour thro' Great Brit. Birmingham, Mr. Clay's manufactory for japanning, &c., making paper cases, stands, waiters, tea-boards, coach-pannels, &c., all of paper, finely varnished, and painted. 1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign ii. 25 [Buluwayo] well filled with buildings, all single-storeyed, some brick, some tin, some ‘paper’ (i.e. wire-wove, ready~made in England, sent out in pieces), all with verandahs. 1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign iii. 80 These ‘paper’ houses are common in Buluwayo—they are really wire-wove, with wooden frames, iron roofs, cardboard walls. 1997 New Yorker 2 June 20/2 A unique seven-hundred-year-old sculpture of Monju, the bodhisattva of wisdom, is made of lacquered paper. 3. a. A piece of paper serving as a wrapper or receptacle, often including the contents; a paper container of some commodity; spec. a dose or measure of a drug, esp. a narcotic, contained in a paper wrapper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > made of paper paper1488 cornet1530 coffin1577 screw1832 1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 81 In a litill paper..ane vche with a diamant. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxviij^v The warden..toke a basyn full of folden papres with relyques in eche of them. 1567 in D. H. Fleming Mary Queen of Scots (1897) 508 Item xxiiij papir of prenis to the Quenis dule. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 227 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors A paper of Fruits and Conserves for the Desert. 1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 82 Two Papers of Thee. 1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 30 Sept. 4/2 To be Sold by Yeomans and Company very reasonably iron ware..papers of patches, strip'd duffils, [etc.]. a1776 R. James Diss. Fevers (1778) 48 I gave him half a paper more of the Powder. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 229 A little basket, which..contains a small black bottle and a paper of sandwiches. 1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. 1037/3 A paper of..opium. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xi. 99 And I need me some thread and a paper o' needles. 1964 M. Lawrence Stone Angel 13 Sometimes when I got a star for my work, he'd give me a paper of button candies. 1989 Boston Globe 8 Dec. 3/4 In Hawaii, one-tenth gram or ‘paper’ of ice costs $50 and usually produces an eight- to 30-hour high. b. A sheet or leaf of paper, esp. for writing on. Now chiefly in technical use. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > piece or sheet of paper throughc1500 foil1528 paper?1548 ?1548 D. Lindsay Tragical Death Dauid Beaton sig. Cij A paper blanke, I gatte his grace subseriue. 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming f. ix Take Beng[e]wyn & bray it well betwixt two papers. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. i. sig. B1^v His Soule is yet a white paper vnscribled with obseruations of the world. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 30 Straine it through a browne paper rowled within a tunnel. 1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 5 Let 'em stand all Night in the Pan they are boil'd in, with a Paper laid close to 'em. 1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. 94 The mind is often compared to a tablet or paper... But, in truth, the mind can never resemble a blank paper. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 19 Papers are medicated leaves or sheets of paper for external use. 1933 Libr. Jrnl. 1 Apr. 317/1 The microprints can be arranged 4 × 4 on a paper. 1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) viii. 222 You may think of formatting a disk as similar to drawing lines on a paper before you write on it. c. Entomology. A triangular envelope made of folded paper for storing an insect specimen, esp. a butterfly. ΚΠ 1894 W. F. Kirby Handbk. Lepidoptera I. p. lv The cheapest way of buying Butterflies is to buy miscellaneous lots at an auction, especially lots in papers. 1970 H. Oldroyd Collecting, Preserving & Studying Insects (ed. 2) iv. 88 To make an envelope, or ‘paper’, the material is cut into rectangles, with their sides in the proportions 3:5. 1997 P. J. DeVries Butterflies of Costa Rica II. 81 Most people will be confronted with dried specimens in papers that need to be relaxed. 4. In plural. Curl-papers (see curl-paper n.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > curling implement > curl paper papers1685 roller1739 papillote1748 toilet paper1809 curl-papera1817 1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice iv. 33 Today the Beauty Lyes ambush'd in undresses, the hair pin'd up in Papers. a1746 M. Leapor Poems (1748) I. 5 Let Isabel unload her aking Head Of twisted Papers, and of binding Lead. 1772 J. Woodforde Diary 21 Apr. (1924) I. 114 We..caught my Sister Jane at table with her hair up in papers. 1819 J. Keats Let. 16 Apr. (1958) II. 92 Do you put your hair in papers of a night? 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. ix. 290 Take their hair out of papers. 1917 T. S. Eliot Prufrock & Other Observ. 26 Sitting along the bed's edge, where You curled the papers from your hair. 1968 A. Morse Two Centuries Costume in Amer. 516 Page after page is devoted to the placing of the hair in papers... The rules for pinching these papers with hot irons are elaborate to a degree. 5. Wallpaper; a sheet of wallpaper. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > wall-paper paperhanging1693 paper1750 papering1823 wallpaper1827 wallpapering1864 1665 in J. A. Johnston Probate Inventories of Lincoln Citizens 1661–1714 (1991) 10 In the mens Chamber and paper Chamber [i.e. a room with paper hangings] one bedstead with an old feather bed.] 1750 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 562 The paper is pearl coloured caffoy paper; the pattern like damask. 1762 in C. R. Lounsbury Illustr. Gloss. Early Southern Archit. & Landscape (1994) 258 Paper to hang 3 Parlours. 1830 M. Edgeworth Let. 17 Nov. (1971) 430 When I went down to the library..I was charmed even with the fuschia-trellis looking paper. 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xiv. 53 What our paper may have been in its earlier stages of existence I am not prepared to say; but since I can remember..the wall presented every nuance of purplish salmon. 1945 Catal. Exhib. Eng. & Hist. Wallpapers (Central Inst. Art & Design) 6 The most beautiful of all..are the hand-painted Chinese papers. 1987 A. Perry Cardington Crescent (1991) vi. 133 Mrs March threw the door open so violently it jarred against the wall and bruised the paper. 6. Short for cigarette paper n. at cigarette n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette > tobacco and paper for rolling > cigarette paper cigarette paper1860 Zig-Zag1909 papera1911 Rizla1916 Rizla paper1939 rolling paper1943 tissue1952 skin1967 1904 World (N.Y.) 1 May (Mag.) 6/4 ‘Papes’ are the papers necessary to make cigarettes.] a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xi. 179 He took a package of tobacco and a sheaf of papers from his trousers pocket, rolled and lighted a cigarette. 1950 P. Tempest Lag's Lexicon 180 A packet of papers is worth one ‘roll-up’. 1994 J. Kelman How Late it Was 342 He held his hand out until it was put there; he got a paper out and began rolling another smoke. II. Paper bearing writing, illustrations, etc. 7. a. A piece, sheet, or leaf of paper bearing writing or printing; esp. a legal or official document written or printed on paper. In plural: written notes, memoranda, letters, official documents, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > [noun] writlOE charterc1270 writingc1384 paper1389 monument1405 instrument1426 cartec1449 chart1616 diploma1645 diplome1669 expedition1685 law-writings1701 chirograph1844 society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] paper1389 printing paper1593 white paper1683 print paper1858 society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on paper chartera1382 paper1389 shed1510 schede1566 cartel1693 society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] rounOE pagine?c1225 writ-rounc1275 dite1340 writing1340 paperc1390 scripturea1400 writinga1400 charactc1400 textc1400 papera1500 black and white1569 page?1606 character1609 litera scripta1660 matter1683 legend1822 screed1834 reading1836 1364–5 Rolls of Parl. II. 287/1 Surmettantz a eux qe sont Dettours, & ce voillent ils prover par lour papirs.] 1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 47 To kepe wel & trewely all þe pointz of þis papir. a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) 4735 (MED) Full merily demene you..For of his paupires strike oute plain be ye. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. M2^v Which he disclosing, read thus, as the paper spake. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 302 George Bishop of Murrey was a whole winter mummilling upon his papers, and had not his sermon per cœur when all was done. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 203 His name is Pityless; so he hath writ himself in all papers of concern as wherein he has had to do. View more context for this quotation 1706 Mrs. Ray in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 208 As to my husband's papers I have put them all..into Mr. Dale's hands. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. xv. 180 They may..search his papers, make his process and in conclusion, put him to death. 1878 Harper's Mag. Mar. 599/2 Struggling families who have ‘one room to let’, or..a modest paper in a window ‘Borders wanted’. 1902 W. Besant Five Years' Tryst 29 ‘You've signed some paper or other, of course?’ ‘I've signed a dozen papers.’ 1956 A. J. Cronin Crusader's Tomb 187 ‘Now, let me see what we can do for you.’ He consulted a paper on the desk. 1996 Daily Tel. 26 July 16/1 Bill has fallen for a therapist, Melissa, and will settle down into the serene drudgery of weathercasting once he can make Jo sign the divorce papers. b. Paper bearing writing; written documents collectively.In some uses, not easily distinguished from sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] rounOE pagine?c1225 writ-rounc1275 dite1340 writing1340 paperc1390 scripturea1400 writinga1400 charactc1400 textc1400 papera1500 black and white1569 page?1606 character1609 litera scripta1660 matter1683 legend1822 screed1834 reading1836 c1390 G. Chaucer Cook's Tale 4404 Vpon a day whan he his paper soghte, Of a prouerbe. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xiv. 38 (MED) The marchante mote nede be lette..For þe parcels of hus paper [v.r. paupere] and oþer pryuey dettes Wol lette hym. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 212 How calm he sits at ease, Mid snows of paper, and fierce hail of pease. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch I. xx. 363 A wife..who, instead of observing his abundant pen-scratches and amplitude of paper with..uncritical awe..seemed to present herself as a spy watching everything with a malign power of inference. 1966 Rep. Comm. Inq. (Univ. of Oxf.) I. 241 Upon this depends the ability of the Vice-Chancellor to make himself felt, his capacity to think ahead and to give a lead without having continually to submerge himself in paper. 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! iv. 21 His attempt to sabotage the National Health Service system by choking it with paper, lots and lots of paper. †8. A notice fastened on the back of a criminal undergoing punishment, specifying his or her offence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > note specifying prisoner's offence papera1529 a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 23 So myche papers weryng for ryghte a smalle ex[c]esse. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lix He so punyshed periurye with open punyshment & open papers werynge, that in his tyme it was lesse vsed. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 45 Why he comes in like a periure, wearing papers . View more context for this quotation 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 310/1 To stand on the Pillory..with Papers of his Offence set on his Back. 9. In plural. State papers. Frequently in the titles of officers or departments concerned with the conservation of state papers, as Office of His (also Her) Majesty's Papers, Clerk (also Keeper, Register) of the Papers, etc.The ‘Office of Her Majesty's Papers and Records for Business of State and Council’ was established in 1578. Around 1800 the terms ‘papers of state’, ‘paper-office’, etc., were superseded by ‘State papers’, ‘State paper office’, etc. See also paper-office n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun] papers1612 paper1646 state paper1649 1612 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 225 The Othe of the Clerke of the Papers for matters of State. 1612 Indorsement in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 225 A Register of the later Bookes and Papers of English business..delivered into the Office of the Papers at Whitehall, at the death of the Earle of Salisbury, late Lord Treasurer. 1629 T. Wilson Petition in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 239 Clerk, Keeper and Register of Your Majesty's Papers and Records for business of State and Council. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 146 Thereupon I desired that the original papers..of the last king might be seen. ?1782 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 270 To preserve the Papers of State for the use of the public. 1799 in 30th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. 287 The King's papers require an arrangement applicable to the dispatch of business. 1807 Hansard 2 Jan. (1812) 259 The order of the day being read for summoning their lordships to take into consideration the Papers relative to the late Negociation with France. 1841 (title) British and foreign state papers, 1812–1814... Compiled by the Librarian and Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office. 1901 Dict. National Biogr. at Victoria She [sc. Queen Victoria] still required all papers of state to be regularly submitted to her. 1993 A. Seaton Russo-German War xvii I should like to express my gratitude to government departments..who have given me assistance or advice in acquiring source material. In particular:..the Foreign and Commonwealth Librarian and Keeper of the Papers. 10. A newspaper or journal. Also in plural, with the: newspapers collectively; the press. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] intelligencer1598 courant1621 coranto1624 paper1642 mercury1643 newsletter1665 newspaper1667 slip1688 raga1734 news1738 gazetteer1742 sheet1754 news sheet1841 spread1848 linen-draper1857 newsprint1897 blat1932 linen1955 mimeo newspaper1973 1642 Prince Rupert Declar. 3 Those impudent unpunished papers cried daily in the streets. 1690 Publick Occurrences (Boston) 25 Sept. 1/1 The Publisher of these Occurrences..will in this Paper..expose the Name [of the spreader of a false report]. 1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 19. ⁋4 The Examiner was a Paper in the last Reign. 1789 S. Low Politician Outwitted i. i There's never anything in this paper but what's on your side of the question. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xix. 6 She entered the room where St. Clare lay reading his paper. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters i. i. 14 The office of the local paper (for the place has a paper—they all have papers). 1924 J. Buchan Three Hostages i. 10 I was becoming such a mossback that I had almost stopped reading the papers. 1963 ‘A. Gilbert’ Ring for Noose viii. 97 At all events he hadn't made the morning papers. 1977 E. Heath Travels iii. 56 The news-boys were shouting vociferously and we hurried to buy a paper. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xli. 620 We can't do that because..somebody on the Hill would leak it to the papers in a New York minute. 2004 N. G. Tomaiuolo Web Libr. ii. 65 While 57 percent of adults read a daily newspaper, 67 percent read a daily paper online; and while 67 percent read a Sunday paper, 78 percent read a Sunday paper online. 11. a. A document presented to Parliament (as a report, an outline of proposed legislation, a statement of policy, etc.). to move for papers: to make a speech calling for papers relating to a particular subject (an expedient used in the House of Lords to enable the mover to voice his or her opinion on the subject, the motion usually being withdrawn afterwards); hence motions on papers.See also Green Paper n. at green adj. and n.¹ Compounds 1d(a), notice paper n. at notice n. Compounds 2, order paper n. at order n. Compounds 3, white paper n. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun] papers1612 paper1646 state paper1649 1646 Mercurius Civicus No. 179. 2432 In the Papers presented to the Honourable Houses of Parliament, the Commissioners of the kingdome of Scotland doe declare, that the cause of the stay and continuance of their Army in this kingdome is not on their part. 1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 101 All these papers have passed uncensured..by the two houses of parliament. 1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 8 Feb. 181 There is a green bag full of papers..laid before Parliament. 1861 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VII. xxvi. 453 Mr. James Paull..moved for papers, upon which he proposed to ground grave charges against the late governor-general. 1880 B. Disraeli Endymion III. xi. 112 When Lord Roehampton had considered the ministerial reply, he said to Endymion, ‘This must be followed up. You must move for papers.’ 1946 G. Campion T. E. May's Treat. Law, Privilege, Proc. & Usage of Parl. (ed. 14) xvi. 325 If a Peer..wishes to reserve to himself the right to reply to the debate, he adds at the end of his question the words ‘and to move for papers’, since..the mover of any motion has a right of reply. 1993 R. L. Borthwick in D. Shell & D. Beamish House of Lords at Work viii. 213 Debates..held on motions are principally of two types: motions to take note and motions on papers (that is, motions asking for papers on a subject to be laid before the House—such motions are never moved..and are always withdrawn). b. An essay, dissertation, or article (on a particular topic). Now: esp. an article or dissertation read at a conference, symposium, etc., or submitted to a journal. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > essay > [noun] > other types of essay paper1652 by-paper1659 communication1668 programme1671 memoira1680 photo-essay1948 1652 ‘W. Birchley’ Christian Moderator: 2nd Pt. 4 The Paper, containing certain Doctrins of the Papists, and by them delivered to divers persons of quality for their particular satisfaction. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical i. 2 I know not what Success these Papers will find in the World. 1790 Trans. Soc. Arts 8 210 A short paper on the Cinnamon tree. 1816 H. Downing Mary 37 The sermons, pamphlets, papers, books, reviews, That plead our own opinions, we peruse. 1882 Nature 9 Feb. 351/1 The second paper was..on the system of dredging introduced..on the rivers of France. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 464/2 Information concerning the aboriginal remains in the state may be found in two papers by Clarence B. Moore. 1992 Economist 18 Jan. 76/1 It [sc. America] spends more on science than any other country and its scientists publish more scientific papers than the EC and Japan put together. 12. In plural. a. The documents carried by a ship indicating ownership, nationality, destination, etc. (more fully ship's papers); (also) documents attesting the identity or credentials of a person, esp. as required for travel or employment. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > ship's papers > [noun] papers1651 ship-papers1661 shipping-papers1840 society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc card1749 papers1796 legitimation1870 dog tag1882 identity papers1889 identity certificate1891 identification tag1893 identity card1900 identification1906 identity disc1907 identification disc1914 disca1918 meat ticket1919 warrant card1920 carte d'identité1923 ID1937 ID card1937 reference book1952 1651 Perfect Passages Intelligence Army No. 44. 309 The other [ship was] from Pouldavy, as he said, bound from Swansey in Wales, but he produced no papers. 1685–8 in Black Bk. Admiralty (1871) I. 29 To examine them well about their ladeing and likewise their papers and documents. 1712 Boston News-let. 19 May 2/2 The Capt. being jealous of him, sent on board to view his Papers, and having found a French Pass, he..carry'd her in to Antigua and had her Condem'd. 1794 in Story's Pract. Prize Courts (1854) 4 Every ship must be provided with complete and genuine papers. 1796 W. Pitt Let. 2 Nov. I accompanied your memorial with all your papers. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 473 A fine ship named the Redbridge... Her papers had been made out for Alicant. 1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) I. 24 I sent my testimonials to the Professor's employer... Three days passed, and I concluded, with secret satisfaction, that my papers had not been found sufficiently explicit. 1914 E. A. Powell Fighting in Flanders ii. 45 One never stirred out of doors in Antwerp without one's papers, which had to be shown before one could gain admission to the post office..or any other public buildings. 1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana v. iv. 230 No visa was required. His papers were in order. 1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 29/2 (advt.) Applicant must possess thorough knowledge of hot water heating systems and preferably possess engineers papers. 2001 Times 30 Nov. 14/3 The Milan group are heard discussing bomb-making, preparing false papers, fretting about their security and watching al-Qaeda videos. b. The certificates which accompany a military officer's application for permission to resign. Chiefly in to send in one's papers: to resign. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > specific certificates pass1617 beating-order1721 smart ticket1734 papers1872 society > authority > office > withdrawing from or vacating office > vacate office [verb (intransitive)] resign1395 recede1452 retirec1598 to take, lay down, resign the fascesa1625 to go out1642 to sing one's nunc dimittis1642 to make one's bowa1656 to lay down1682 to swear off1698 vacate1812 to send in one's papers1872 to step down1890 to stand down1926 society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (intransitive)] > vacate an office or position > resign resign1395 resignate1531 to go out1642 to lay down1682 to swear off1698 to turn up1819 to pull the pin1860 to send in one's papers1872 to step down1890 to snatch it or one's time1941 1872 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Apr. 302/1 I sent in my papers, packed up my traps, and here I am. 1890 W. E. Norris Misadventure xvi He wished him..to send in his papers before his marriage. 1960 Victorian Stud. June 326 Those, like Captain Gadsby..in the end sent in their papers for the sake of their wife and family. 1971 Dict. National Biogr. 1951–60 353/2 When new appointments were announced in January 1922 he was again passed over. He therefore sent in his papers. c. Documents establishing the pedigree of an animal, esp. a dog or horse. ΚΠ 1940 Washington Star 23 June e 8/4 (advt.) Wire-haired terrier, with papers. 1976 Billings (Montana) Sunday Gaz. 20 June 9- d/3 (advt.) 3 yr old tb. stallion no papers. 1990 Atlantic Mar. 51/1 Purebred dogs without papers represent a ‘type’..rather than a breed. 13. a. Negotiable documents, bills of exchange, promissory notes, etc., collectively; banknotes as opposed to coins.commercial paper: see commercial adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] paper money1669 bank paper1696 paper1704 rag1797 scrieve1800 rag money1808 soft1809 soft currency1837 stamps1872 scratch1914 folding money1930 ready1937 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] credit1662 paper1704 commercial paper1836 stamped paper1847 near money1936 near-cash1937 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 601 The custom..being to make their payments in Paper by Assignations. c1722 Earl of Mar Legacy to Scotl. (1896) 201 The paper could not exceed more than a certain quantity..in proportion to the specie in the nation. 1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 491 It will be necessary to send hard money here..as paper will not yet go down. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xxii. 72 But rarely seen, like gold compared with paper. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxvi. 259 It was whispered among the tradesmen, bill-discounters, and others..that the Captain's ‘paper’ was henceforth of no value. 1883 Manch. Examiner 14 Dec. 4/1 For three months' bills the terms were..2⁵/ ₈ per cent., but for January paper the rate was stiffer. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 12/2 Without..feeling—as he puts it—that he is ‘a pawn with a breech-loader on an open-air chess~board, to be moved at the bidding of a despotic keeper who only takes paper’. 1937 E. Snow Red Star over China vi. iv. 234 Only Soviet paper was in use, except in the border counties, where White paper was also accepted. 1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iv. 125 Brokers could find no more buyers for the IBM paper, which promised a return of nearly 9.5 percent, because the interest rate on long-term government bonds had already climbed higher. b. slang (chiefly U.S.). A forged or worthless cheque; a forged document. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque > forged or dishonoured paper1850 stumer1890 rubber cheque1922 kite1927 rubber kite1961 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxiv. 244 That kite-flying, you know, Mr. M., always takes two or three on 'em to set the paper going. Altamont put the pot on at the Derby, and won a good bit of money. 1925 Flynn's 7 Mar. 191/2 Paper,..forged notes or checks. 1930 Liberty 19 July 27/1 I turn out bills of sale by the dozen. I don't like to do it as it is not playing square with my dealers. They don't know they're getting worthless papers. 14. Theatre slang. Free tickets or passes to a theatrical performance; the people admitted by free tickets or passes. As a count noun: such a ticket or pass. Cf. paper v. 4. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > for free use or admission free pass1653 billet1697 order1763 paper1785 pass1838 courtesy card1934 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [noun] > theatre audience > one who receives free pass > collectively paper1888 1785 Apol. Life G. A. Bellamy (ed. 2) II. xliii. 114 The piece [sc. Romeo and Juliet at Drury Lane and Covent Garden] was performed so many nights, that the public as well as the performers were tired and disgusted with it. We [at Drury Lane], however, got the advantage of some nights. But this was not done without a great deal of paper, which was bestowed upon the occasion. 1820 C. Mathews Let. in A. Mathews Mem. C. Mathews (1839) III. 165 He had spoken to the cash-taker of the rooms, who said, this is all the money (not much), and there's plenty of paper. 1825 P. Egan Life of Actor iv. 144 ‘Theatrical paper’ has been frequently known to silence many a harsh tongue; and also to change the looks of an angry creditor. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 May 4/2 How much paper there was in St. James's Hall yesterday we do not know, but the hall, in any case, must have been remuneratively full. 1927 Vanity Fair 29 132/3 ‘Paper’ is a pass. 1951 ‘J. Tey’ Daughter of Time ii. 21 Johnny Garson can tell you how much paper there is in the house what time he is sobbing his heart out. 1982 S. Brett Murder Unprompted ix. 90 ‘Lot of paper in tonight, isn't there?’ said Bartlemas, looking up to the Circle and Gallery. 15. A printed set of questions to be answered at one sitting in an examination; a candidate's collection of written answers to such questions. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > paper test-paper1827 examination paper1829 paper1835 exam paper1837 taste-paper1860 bumf1889 special paper1960 1835 W. Whewell in I. Todhunter William Whewell (1876) II. 213 I have hardly had time to con over your examination papers. 1838 T. Arnold in A. P. Stanley Life of Dr. Arnold (1844) II. 114 The recommendation of the Vice-Chancellor, that the Examinations should be conducted entirely through the medium of printed papers. 1861 M. Burrows Pass & Class (1866) 21 The Pass papers occupy one day, the Class papers from four to five. 1931 H. F. Pringle Theodore Roosevelt I. iii. 37 Lodge..graded their papers with undue severity. 1956 A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Attitudes i. iv. 147 Gerald sat in his study, marking the History Finals papers. 1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. p. ix This book contains sample questions in each chapter and your teacher should provide complete papers. 16. U.S. slang. a. As a count noun: a playing card. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] card1463 playing card1480 carte1497 bookc1575 charta1680 broad1789 flat1819 pasteboard1840 paper1842 painted mischief1879 boards1923 1842 Southern Literary Messenger 8 412/1 I found myself..around a table in a corner, and the ‘papers’ in motion. 1862 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 41 Those whose taste inclines them that way are playing with the ‘spotted papers’. 1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/1 Papers, playing cards. 1950 J. Lait in San Francisco Examiner 12 Feb. (Pictorial Review section) The few times I get to pass out the papers I slip myself a few low ones. b. As a mass noun: marked playing cards. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > cards of specific quality mattress1685 merry-andrews1759 highlanders1816 Harrys or King Harrys1842 Mogul1842 paper1894 1894 J. N. Maskelyne ‘Sharps & Flats’ 43 In America..one may still find ‘saloons’ which are stocked entirely with this kind of ‘paper’ as the cards are called. 1929 M. A. Gill Underworld Slang 9/2 Paper, marked playing cards. 1938 H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 37 In the early days of Poker the marked cards used by sharpers were prepared beforehand by the gamblers themselves, and were known as ‘paper’. 17. U.S. colloquial. Posters or similar publicity material collectively. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill bill1480 placard1560 ticket1567 pancart1577 affix1589 si quis1597 affiche1602 placketa1605 programme1633 programmaa1661 advertisement1692 clap-bill1699 handbill1718 daybill1731 show bill?a1750 notice1766 play-card1778 card1787 posting bill1788 poster1818 sticker1862 flyer1889 paper1896 1896 N.Y. Dramatic News 18 July 12/1 Car No. 6..was here July 7–8, posting very attractive paper, which reads ‘coming soon’. 1903 W. C. Thompson On Road with Circus i. 23 The posters and lithographs sent out in advance are ‘paper’. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §571/6 Paper, posters. †III. Other uses. Thesaurus » Categories » 18. herb paper, water paper (William Turner's names for the papyrus plant): see the first element. B. adj. 1. a. Made of paper; constructed from paper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [adjective] > made or consisting of paper paper1552 papern1616 chartaceous1657 papyral1848 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16282.3) (facing colophon) Bounde..in paper bordes. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. H4^v As if it had beene a candle in a paper lanterne. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 236 Certain Cords whereat hung Paper-Lanthorns. 1670 W. Clarke Nat. Hist. Nitre 60 The paper-Bills on the walls..remain'd like the Gold unburn'd. 1759 Newport (Rhode Island) Mercury 10 Apr. 4/2 Ivory-stick Fans, Bamboo ditto, Black Paper ditto, Black Gauze Handkerchiefs. 1796 J. Austen Let. 9 Jan. (1995) 2 We have trimmed up and given away all the old paper hats of Mamma's manufacture. 1834 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. II. 213 We..were lighted to the dancing hall by paper lanterns. 1864 Harper's Mag. Dec. 58/2 With an umbrella and a shawl, inclosing a box of paper collars. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 477 Seedy young men with us object to carrying paper parcels for fear of being taken for tailors. 1934 A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 6 He..decreed..that we should be given paper hats, balloons, and cardboard trumpets. 1969 ‘H. Pentecost’ Girl Watcher's Funeral (1970) ii. i. 94 That first punch..smashed through my guard like a paper doyley. 2001 B. Geddes World Food: Caribbean 126 Finger foods..include kachourie (split-pea fritters) and saheena (spinach fritters), served on a paper towel. b. With defining word: made of paper of the specified form or kind. ΚΠ 1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed sig. D4^v And may not dirty socks, from off the feete From thence be turn'd to a crowne-paper sheete? 1708 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 8 Apr. 101 3 small-paper Livys. 1817 T. F. Dibdin Bibliogr. Decameron II. 526 His great error lay in double head-bands, and brown-paper linings. 1886 W. M. Lindsay in Academy 4 Dec. 382/1 No. 1196, a cotton-paper MS., with leaves enlarged by linen-paper borders. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 542/3 The choice between writing for those pulp-paper magazines that pay by the word and the smooth-paper magazines that pay by the story. 1991 Bicycle Guide Sept. 12/2 My glossy-paged nonrecycled-paper copy of Bicycle Guide. 2. a. figurative. Consisting of or carried on by means of pamphlets, documents, letters to periodicals, etc.; literary, written.See also paper war n., paper warfare n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [adjective] literala1500 characteristical1588 paper1592 characterical1595 literary1646 society > communication > correspondence > letter > [adjective] paper1592 epistolical1615 epistolary1627 epistolar1649 literal1650 literary1656 epistolic1670 epistolatory1675 society > leisure > the arts > literature > [adjective] literalc1450 literate1558 bookish1567 paper1592 literary1605 literatory1652 belletristical1799 belletristic1821 belletrist1889 lit.1895 written1909 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. B3 So..was this Paper-monster, Pierce Penilesse, begotten. ?a1600 (a1575) N. Harpsfield Life T. Moore (Emmanuel) (1932) 3 I doo..present your woorshipp euen with a paper newyeres gifte. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 228 Shall quippes and sentences, and these paper bullets of the brain awe a man. View more context for this quotation 1636 W. Prynne Unbishoping of Timothy & Titus To Rdr. 3 Bookes of controversie, and paper-battles. 1672 Earl of Clarendon Ess. in Tracts (1727) 252 It thought it seasonable to discontinue those paper-skirmishes. 1727 W. Stukeley in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. 199 My retreat secures me from malice and envy and all other kinds of paper-gall. 1862 R. F. Burton City of Saints (ed. 2) 501 The battles were paper battles, but the plundering and the barbarities..were stern realities. 1907 G. B. Shaw Let. 8 July (1972) II. 699 I throw paper bombs at them [sc. people with no social conscience] without producing the smallest effect. 1997 Calif. Lawyer July 13/2 The paper battle begins before trial, sometimes continues through trial, specifically as the strategy of many powerful law firms representing even more powerful clients to prostrate their less-well-heeled opponents. b. That exists only in written form; ‘on paper’, rather than in reality; theoretical, hypothetical, unrealized. Cf. on paper at sense A. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adjective] writtenOE pricked1463 penned1567 handwritten1583 paper1616 literal1621 inditeda1640 in manuscript1646 scribed1662 scriptory1704 scriptured1763 pen and ink1810 scriptitious1815 paper-and-pencil1927 the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adjective] > as opposed to practical contemplative1563 paper1616 theoretic1617 considerative1677 theoretical1767 academic1812 moot1831 armchair1858 rocking chair1911 unempirical1934 1616 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Scornful Ladie sig. E^v Come widdow, come, neuer stand upon a knighthood, 'tis a meere paper honour. 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. Pref. to Author ‘Charity Maint.’ §18 The paper fortresses of an imaginary Infallibility. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 37 If they have a mind to break in upon a paper law. 1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 132 The Prices of most Commodities and Necessaries of Life, by the Operation of Paper-Effects, are maintain'd at higher Rates than those Things bore before the Year 1688. 1793 T. Jefferson Let. 9 June in Papers (1995) XXVI. 241 I inclose you some papers which have passed on the subject of a new loan. You will see by them that the paper-Coryphaeus is either undaunted, or desperate. 1802 M. Cutler Let. 1 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 74 We see how insignificant the best constructed paper Constitution will prove when opposed to the interests and passions of men. 1893 Times 2 May 10/1 Paper profits were divided as if they were real. 1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man xiii. 270 Hedonism, like utilitarianism, is another of those paper schemes, beautifully logical, that just are not true. 1973 Time 25 June 66/2 Lloyd also has a number of paper companies set up in Liechtenstein. 1996 Financial Post (Canada) 20 July 3/2 Subsequent recovery suggests investors that did nothing benefited more than those who panicked and crystalized what would otherwise have been just paper losses. 3. Resembling paper, frail as paper; thin, flimsy, fragile. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > [adjective] tender?c1225 feeble1340 infirmc1374 slight1393 weakc1400 sperec1440 silly1587 unsound1590 immaterial1609 paper1615 unsubstantiala1617 reedy1628 slighty1662 insufficient1700 flimsy1702 bandbox1727 unconfirmed1752 insubstantial1767 gossamery1790 thread-paper1803 gossamer1806 slimsy1845 unendurable1879 bandboxy1891 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 60 The excellent proportion and structure..maketh this Paper-sconce high perill-proofe. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 177 What Paper Walls such Persons are apt to inclose themselves with. 1730 H. Fielding Rape upon Rape i. viii. 9 Pox of my Paper Scull! 1804 J. Collins Scripscrapologia 4 Go patter to paperscull saps, do ye see. 1854 2nd Rep. Sel. Comm. Emigrant Ships 61 in Parl. Papers XIII. 267 These advertisers..have a kind of arrangement with the owners of vessels; they are like recruiters, they collect emigrants; their ships are known in the trade by the name of ‘paper’ ships. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss. Paper Ship, a ship built of inferior material and badly put together. 2003 Global News Wire (Asia Africa Intelligence Wire) (Nexis) 12 Mar. Yu..said that he wanted to go to the cockpit to meet the captain as he heard voices telling him that the plane was not safe and that it was a ‘paper aircraft’. 4. Of currency or credit: issued in the form of bills, promissory notes, cheques, etc. See also paper credit n. 1, paper money n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [adjective] paper1710 soft1776 notal1924 1710 T. Nairne Let. from S. Carolina 38 It is probable, there are very few Countries where public Credit is better preserved than with us, or where Paper-Cash circulates more smoothly. 1757 W. Burke Acct. European Settlem. Amer. II. 297 Money of credit, which they commonly call paper currency. 1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales II. xxiii. 112 Our colonial council has lately committed a great error in prohibiting..all paper issues below one pound. 1867 J. Laing Theory of Business vi. 77 With Austria, Russia, America, and other countries using paper currencies..the par is exceedingly uncertain. 1900 Congress. Rec. 4 Jan. 653/1 With the habits of our people and their preferences for the use of paper currency wherever possible instead of gold and silver coinage [etc.]. 1998 Coin News May 50/1 It was not until July 1, 1874, in the closing months of the First Republic, that paper money was adopted. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. paper-case n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > case or container > [noun] > for documents paper-case1679 serviette1891 attaché case1904 brief-case1926 document case1936 business case1938 attaché1972 1679 T. Oates True Narr. Horrid Plot 48 Who..there drew out of a Paper-Case a Paper. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 197 A leather paper-case. 1986 P. O'Brian Reverse of Medal vii. 203 He saw Mr. P on the other pavement, walking very tired with his little portmanteau and papercase. paper circulation n. ΚΠ 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 77 All you have got for the present is a paper circulation, and a stock-jobbing constitution. View more context for this quotation 1870 N.Y. Herald 8 July 4/3 [The national banks'] interests..lie in a paper circulation only, and in not being compelled to hold a gold reserve. 1995 L. Berov in C. H. Feinstein Banking, Currency, & Finance between Wars iii. xiv. 378 A direct statistical connection between increases in the state debt to the National Bank and in the amount of paper circulation in the country are [sic] not to be expected. paper clamp n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > clasp for holding papers together paper clip1851 paper clamp1858 paper fastener1867 1858 Sci. Amer. 23 Oct. 50/4 Paper Clamps... The object of this invention is to obtain a cheap and durable form press or clamp used by bookbinders. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-clamp,..for holding newspapers, sheet music, periodicals. 1970 Science 10 Apr. 279/1 The discriminanda were a wide variety of highly distinguishable, three-dimensional objects, such as ceramic drill points, coiled springs, drawer handles, and paper clamps. paper-colour n. ΚΠ 1888 R. L. Stevenson Black Arrow Prol. 11 He will turn paper-colour. 2003 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 20 May e2 No gimmicks; e.g., unusual size or format, paper color, etc. paper excise n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Bright in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 159 1593 Persons who were interested..in this question of the paper excise. 1993 Hobart (Tasmania) Mercury (Nexis) 13 Feb. The abolition of advertisement duty in 1853, stamp tax in 1855, and paper excise in 1861, all helped make the newspaper more affordable. paper factory n. ΚΠ 1847 Sci. Amer. 13 Feb. 161/4 The new Paper Factory to be erected at ‘Moody Corner,’ in South Hadley. 1991 P. Carey Tax Inspector xxiv. 116 He knew this water in Deep Creek now contained lead, dioxin and methyl mercury from the paper factory on Lantana Road. paper-fibre n. ΚΠ 1856–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 359 The rubifying substance..contains the ruby particles..prevented by their attachment to the paper-fibres from undergoing mutual aggregation. 2003 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 18 Apr. b2 Recycling all types of paper fiber has a huge impact on reducing what residents put in their trash cans. paper file n. ΚΠ a1841 W. G. Clark Lit. Remains (1844) 125 I accompanied him: he sought out the paper file. 2001 D. Mitchell Number 9 Dream 144 Bongo drums, manuals, magazines, computer equipment..and a mountain range of paper files. paper manufactory n. ΚΠ 1699 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1761) II. 55 Paper-manufactory. 1872 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 4) xiv. 440 Water agitated by the pulping-engine of a paper manufactory. 1977 18th-cent. Stud. 10 522 The paper manufactory near Oxford (the Wolvercote Mill). paper market n. ΚΠ 1862 Ladies' Repository Dec. 760/1 The real ‘panic’ in the paper market..will largely increase the expenses of its publication. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner vii. 68 The paper markets of the world began to settle down again, and steadier prices ruled. 1998 Paper Focus Aug. 8/3 The report will shed light on the key drivers behind the UK paper market for the period to mid-1999. paper merchant n. ΚΠ 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 307 Next followeth the streete of the paper-merchants. 1814 W. H. Ireland Chalcographimania iii. 106 (note) The above personage is a paper-merchant, who would very willingly resign all claim to his debt for one pound weight of old rags. 2002 R. Gervais & S. Merchant Office: Scripts 1st Ser. Episode 4. 178 I don't want to spend my life answering phones in some crappy sub-branch paper merchant's. paper payment n. ΚΠ 1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 11 May 353 The scheme for making paper-payments perpetual. 1990 M. Harris Hemingway's Suitcase iv. 31 Alan could pretend to have sold the stories and the novel, and make some paper payments to him for them, so that he could report these payments to the IRS as income from his writing. paper press n. ΚΠ 1788 Calcutta Chron. 17 Jan. To be sold..One Paper Press. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 291 The screws employed for paper-presses are generally formed with such coarse threads, and so rapid a spiral, that the elasticity of the paper is sufficient to force it to run back. 1867 E. T. Freedley Philadelphia & its Manuf. 55 Screws of all sizes for cotton-presses, tobacco-presses, paper-presses. 1998 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 13 Jan. 1 c Tiago, who frequents yard sales, helped his wife out by buying two paper presses from a retired bookbinder. paper pulp n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > pulp pulp1727 stuff1745 paper pulp1839 wood-pulp1876 ground wood1885 mechanical wood pulp1887 straw pulp1888 soda pulp1893 sulphate pulp1907 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 937 The two sheets of paper pulp thus united are carried forward by the felt over a guide roller. 2000 Paper Technol. (Paper Industry Techn. Assoc.) Feb. 32/2 All plants producing more than 25,000 tonnes of paper pulp per year are subject to the Environmental Protection (Prescribed Process and Substances) Regulations. paper size n. ΚΠ 1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-size. 1932 Industr. Standardization 3 203/2 The European main or A-series of paper sizes... The basic sheet with an area of one square meter is designated A0 (A zero); the next smaller sheet by A1; half of this by A2, etc. 2002 Digital Photogr. made Easy No. 12. 93/2 Bubblejets are the most affordable [printers] and give near-photo-quality prints on large paper sizes. paper stuff n. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 936 [A] sieve is employed to strain the paper-stuff previously to its being used in the machine. 1877 Manufacturer & Builder May 106/2 A process for preparing paper stuff into a new material to be used as a substitute for wood, plaster, and other materials in a variety of uses. 2003 Greenville (S. Carolina) News (Nexis) 23 June 1 b Last year, 2,500 tons of bottles, cans and fiber products (paper stuff) were recycled in Greenville. paper system n. ΚΠ 1800 T. Jefferson Let. 13 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1078 We may obtain..a majority in the legislature of the United States,..opposed to standing armies, paper systems, war & all connection, other than commerce, with any foreign nation. 1997 New Yorker 10 Mar. 46/1 He agitated for the firm to automate its Dickensian paper system. paper trade n. ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 370 A very large and capital paper-mill, at Maidstone, in Kent, which is the principal seat of the paper trade in England. 1990 Environment Digest (BNC) Nov.–Dec. Green Con runners-up were paper makers Scott, who claimed that its investment in tree plantations for the paper trade helped combat global warming. b. Objective. (a) paper colourer n. ΚΠ 1875 E. Young Labor in Europe & Amer. 266 (table) Paper colorers. 1883 Fortn. Rev. Oct. 595 The misery of those thousands who have worked at ‘dangerous trades’, as lithographers, paper-colourers, enamellers, [etc.]. 2002 Standard (St Catharines, Ont.) (Nexis) 28 Mar. a1 Dwayne Galway, 44, is a paper colourer at the plant. † paper dauber n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1682 Heraclitus Ridens 7 Mar. 1/1 We shall ne'r have done, if every whiffling Paper-dauber must be regarded. 1693 E. Settle New Athenian Comedy iii. 24 Not all our Foes Proud spight Shall ever check our great Herculean Labors; But we'll drive on Eternall paper daubers. † paper-glosser n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > for giving finish or polish paper-glosser1882 friction-glazer1963 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of paper > [noun] > involved in specific process hot-presser1621 coucher1751 vat-man1839 sizer1863 rag engineer1875 beater-man1880 paper-glosser1882 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Paper-glosser, a hot-presser for glossing paper or cards; one who gives a smooth surface to paper. paper-holder n. ΚΠ 1841 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 3 357 The use of separate leaves of paper either arranged in order in a portfolio, or converted into a book by means of a paper-holder. 1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 494/1 A paper holder with initials TA. paper maker n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of paper > [noun] paper maker1574 paper man1618 paper-miller1814 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 72 A paper maker. Chartarius. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 3) xxxi. 320 If the author deals at once with the paper-maker. 2001 Mod. Railways Feb. 16/1 EWS has secured a contract from paper maker UPM-Kymmene that will use the Anglo-Scottish ‘Enterprise’ wagonload service. paper marbler n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinder > [noun] > worker performing specific process clasp-man1619 clasp-maker1664 gatherer1683 stitcher1805 book-edge gilder1823 tooler1834 marbler1835 book marbler1843 paper marbler1863 forwarder1870 cropper?1881 flush-binder?1881 inlayer1881 boarder1882 filleter1884 clasper1885 placer1902 1863 V. Penny Employments of Women 379 The young man said a paper marbler in Philadelphia used to employ some women to assist him, but he had to mix their paints. 1994 Hist. & Theory 33 64 Engravers, cartoonists, surgeons, kaleidoscopists, paper marblers, characterologists, from Piranesi to Lavater. paper punch n. ΚΠ 1872 Classif. Index Subj. Invention U.S. Patent Off. 1 Mar. 43 (table) Paper-punches. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-punch, an implement for making holes in papers for the purposes of filing, temporary binding, [etc.]. 1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 2 Aug. 18/1 (advt.) Floor mats, paper punches, staplers, rackets, brief cases. paper reader n. ΚΠ 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Dec. 5/2 The faddists among the paper-readers have all said their say. 1969 M. McLuhan Let. 14 May (1987) 373 The paper readers..at Bilderberg had undergone no perceptual training. 2003 Idaho Statesman (Nexis) 2 June 18 People in all kinds of industries, from dog owners to dog groomers, from paper readers to paper delivery girls and boys [etc.]. paper seller n. ΚΠ 1647 London's Acct. 10 Stationers and Paper-sellers 80000 l. a yeer. 1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xxi. 197 I am a Stationer or Paper-seller, and to all Paper there are several marks whereby we know and distinguish them. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 290/1 The Billingsgate paper-seller carries his paper round. 1998 P. Grace Baby No-eyes (1999) 294 One day I'll bring back the edges of the city—the jugglers in coloured coats tossing limbs and hearts, the sniffers and paper sellers. paper-sorter n. ΚΠ 1875 E. Young Labor in Europe & Amer. 263 (table) Paper-sorters. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/3 How did the girl, who was a paper sorter, get the disease [sc. cholera]? 1985 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 45 442 The paper-sorters should check the sheets for flaws during the day and count them at night. † paper-spiller n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 327 This grand scripturient paper-spiller..Was strangly tost from post to pillar. paper-splitting n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1627/1 Paper-splitting, two pieces of muslin are firmly cemented on the sides of the paper and dried. By a pull on each piece the paper is split open. 2001 Washington Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. Guests were invited to view a ‘paper splitting’ process that prevents old books from crumbling to dust. paper tester n. ΚΠ 1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-tester. 1994 Sociol. Methodol. 24 50 (table) Paper Tester in a Pulp Mill. paper waster n. ΚΠ 1645 G. Wither Great Assises in Parnassus 2 This instrument of Art..is now imploy'd by Paper-wasters. 1833 H. Ellison Madmoments I. 19 How many Paperwasters, for the Head Might well employ what none but Fools eér read. 2002 Sunday News (Lancaster, Pa.) (Nexis) 15 Dec. g1 Gift wrapping, another big paper waster, is not recyclable because of the gloss finish and colors. (b) † paper-blessing adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. S 2^v What paper-blessing Charrecters are you? paper-saving adj. ΚΠ 1880 Appletons' Jrnl. July–Dec. 28/1 It is always interesting to read of the habitudes of authors—of paper-saving Pope scribbling his ‘Iliad’ on the backs of old correspondence. 1992 Entrepreneur Mar. 3/2 (advt.) They all offer..a paper-saving top-of-form tear-off feature. paper-selling adj. ΚΠ 1821 W. Combe Third Tour Dr. Syntax xxxvii. 189 The print and paper-selling sinner Preparing for a plenteous dinner. 1950 J. E. Burchard Mid-Century i. 6 The disastrous and the foreboding are always worth more space, and especially more paper-selling headlines, than other things. paper-sparing adj. ΚΠ 1735 J. Swift Advice to Grub-St. Poets in Wks. II. 368 Lend these to Paper-sparing Pope. 1890 Amer. Anthropologist 3 212 [Cardinal Richelieu] addressed the Duke without leaving any space open after the title of Monsieur, which insult his grace returned in the same paper-sparing manner. 1988 Rev. Eng. Stud. 39 300 Particularly interesting are Pope's own scribbled sketches for garden plans on the back of letters which have been preserved for us by his paper-sparing habit of using them up for the translating of Homer. paper-using adj. ΚΠ 1881 H. H. Gibbs Double Standard 67 To supply..a paper-using country with a required metal. 1952 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. & Polit. Sci. 18 389 Continuity rather than expansion has characterized the paper-using civilization of China for long periods. c. Instrumental and parasynthetic. paper-based adj. ΚΠ 1954 Times 15 Feb. 11/5 In the field of paper based insulation the Company is producing an extensive range of high voltage bushings. 1998 E. Bignell Which? Way to save & Invest (ed. 10) xvi. 261 A new computerised settlement system..was developed to replace the outdated paper-based Talisman system. paper-capped adj. ΚΠ 1845 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 27 Dec. 408/2 A young bare-armed paper-capped urchin pours in his armful of Suns and Globes. 2000 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 18 June a1 With their paper-capped bottles, white suits and bow ties, milkmen delivered themselves into a part of Americana. paper-clothed adj. ΚΠ 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. A4 So euery paper-clothed post in Poules, To thee (Deloney) mourningly doth speake. 2002 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 26 Oct. b28 It's an airy cafe-like space, open on two sides, with paper-clothed tables, stylish chrome and wood chairs, and individual ice buckets. † paper-collared adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1868 Norfolk Jrnl. 2 Sept. in M. W. Schlegel & T. J. Wertenbaker Norfolk: Historic Southern Port xi. 237 It is the paper-collared, half-shifted, mean, low carpet-bagger..who cheats and humbugs the poor negro out of his money and his vote. 1886 C. D. Warner Their Pilgrimage iv. 107 After a few moments, boot-blacked and paper-collared, he comes out as fresh as a daisy. paper-covered adj. ΚΠ 1835 New-Eng. Mag. Apr. 299 The usual feats of riding upright, mounting and dismounting at full speed, jumping through the paper-covered hoop..were exhibited. 1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 18 The paper-covered book, in fact, a rough and ready test of literary curiosity. 1993 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. v. 6/1 Like most of the elderly lacemakers I have met, Angelina Micallef sits outside her doorway with a paper-covered straw pillow. paper-insulated adj. ΚΠ 1900 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers Dec. (advt.) (verso rear cover) Diatrine paper-insulated..cables. 1991 Power Sept. 18/4 Three paper-insulated mass-impregnated, non-draining (MIND) cables..will be used. paper-mended adj. ΚΠ 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlvi. 197 Through costly-coloured glass and paper-mended window, through cathedral dome and rotten crevice, it shed its equal ray. † paper-palisaded adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1869 Ld. Lytton Orval 158 Abandoning To desolation their doom'd palaces, And paper-palisaded castles. paper-panelled adj. ΚΠ 1895 ‘C. Holland’ My Japanese Wife 56 The room, with its ink-stained paper-panelled walls, [etc.]. 1968 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 28 113 (note) Paper panelled sliding door. 2002 Myrtle Beach (S. Carolina) Sun-News (Nexis) 27 Feb. e1 Simple and pleasant with paper-paneled walls, lots of light wood trim and a smattering of strategically placed Japanese prints. paper-patched adj. ΚΠ 1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xviii. 181 A..few hieroglyphics denoted that this was a place of entertainment, notwithstanding its paper-patched windows and scanty means of accommodation. 1996 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 18 Feb. 10 f Winchester Double-W framed cartridge board, with 182 cartridges, including paper-patched specimens and paper shotshells. † paper-shuttered adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1895 ‘C. Holland’ My Japanese Wife 4 Beams of light emanating from paper lanterns or paper-shuttered casements, marking the presence of houses or huts. paper-soled adj. ΚΠ 1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home i. 13 I..tried to find a path on one side or the other. But in vain, even putting out of the question my paper-soled shoes—sensible things for the woods. 1941 I. S. Cobb Exit Laughing xxiii. 287 I mean the profiteers and buccaneers;..peddlers of the paper-soled shoes and purveyors of the shoddy blankets [etc.]. paper-wrapped adj. ΚΠ 1900 T. Dreiser Sister Carrie xli. 457 Pulling out his paper-wrapped lunch from his pocket. 1992 Independent 14 May 34/7 [The butcher's] apprentice seldom came home without his paper-wrapped bangers or off-cuts that helped eke out the family table. d. Similative, etc. paperhearted adj. ΚΠ 1874 M. B. Smedley Two Dramatic Poems iii. vii. 118 You paper-hearted muser! 1939 D. Thomas Let. Mar. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 226 The English poets now are such a..paperhearted crowd you could blow them down with one bellow out of a done lung. 1997 C. Wallace-Crabbe Sel. Poems 107 The fax and the xerox are humming a duet in their paperhearted yearning. paper-thick adj. ΚΠ 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions xliv A Key..which..hath its Wards and Rose-pipe but Paper-thick. 1998 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. b1 Another woman was selling very sharp knives. Using one hand she sliced through a bit of tomato that already seemed paper-thick. C2. paper aeroplane n. a model aeroplane constructed (mainly) from paper; (now) esp. a very simple one folded from a single sheet; = paper dart n. ΚΠ 1909 Aero 1 480/1 (heading) A paper aero..with reference to small model gliders.] 1909 Times 29 July 8/2 [They] conducted M. Blériot to a part of the hall of the station where a large paper aeroplane had been suspended from the ceiling. 1990 K. Newman Night Mayor 121 The floor around the wastepaper basket was littered with paper aeroplanes made out of urgent requests from various City officials. paper airplane n. chiefly U.S. = paper aeroplane n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > three-dimensional representation > [noun] > other models windmill1557 paper boata1637 Nilometer1794 paper airplane1921 ship in a bottle1949 society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > others spurc1450 cock1608 turnel1621 corala1625 house of cardsa1625 Jack-in-the-box1659 (Prince) Rupert's Drops1662 sucker1681 whirligig1686 playbook1694 card house1733 snapper1788 card castle1792 Aaron's bells?1795 Noah's Ark1807 Jacob's ladder1820 cat-stairs1825 daisy chain1841 beanbag1861 playboat1865 piñata1868 teething ring1872 weet-weet1878 tumble-over1883 water cracker1887 jumping-bean1889 play money1894 serpentin1894 comforter1898 pacifier1901 dummy1903 bubble water1904 yo-yo1915 paper airplane1921 snowstorm1926 titty1927 teaser1935 Slinky1948 teether1949 Mr Potato Head1952 squeeze toy1954 Frisbee1957 mobile1957 chew toy1959 water-rocket1961 Crazy Foam1965 playshop1967 war toy1973 waterball1974 pull-along1976 transformer1984 Aerobie1985 1921 N.Y. Times 19 Nov. 28/2 Some of them carried staves mounted with bannerettes., paper airplanes and other devices. 1951 tr. H. de Montherlant No Man's Son iii. iv, in Master of Santiago 219 (stage direct.) Pointing from a distance to a tiny paper airplane on a chair. 1992 R. Kenan Let Dead bury their Dead vi. 120 The children rowdy as hell. Throwing paper airplanes. paper-and-pencil adj. executed in writing, carried out with paper and pencil; (figurative) noted or recorded informally or imprecisely. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adjective] writtenOE pricked1463 penned1567 handwritten1583 paper1616 literal1621 inditeda1640 in manuscript1646 scribed1662 scriptory1704 scriptured1763 pen and ink1810 scriptitious1815 paper-and-pencil1927 1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 961 We have the problem of..whether paper-and-pencil tests give reliable and valid data for prediction of behavior in the concrete system. 1943 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 14 213/1 Students are now admitted to the clinic on a paper-and-pencil diagnosis of their reading skills. 1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 87 156 Test anxiety scales are typically self-report, paper-and-pencil measures. 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 3 Feb. 46/1 Crime rates and substance abuse rates are formidable, right along with our self-assessment scores on paper-and-pencil tests. paper bank n. (a) a bank issuing notes (now rare, perhaps Obsolete); (b) [probably after bottle bank n. at bottle n.³ Compounds 8] , a site or receptacle where waste paper may be deposited for recycling. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other types of bank merchant bank1620 land-bank1696 private bank1696 paper bankc1720 national bank1736 bank of circulation1767 bank of deposit1767 corporate bank1780 state bank1791 branch bank1796 reserve bank1816 investment bank1824 bank of issue1831 commercial bank1838 red dog1838 wild cat1838 central bank1841 national bank1864 investment house1878 issue house1878 clearing-bank1883 issuing house1890 member bank1914 custodian1915 merchant banker1924 Swiss bank1949 development bank1950 Transcash1982 telephone bank1985 bancassurer1991 c1720 Massachusetts Bay Currency Tracts 380 A paper bank can't be as good as the bank of England or Holland til paper is as good as Silver. 1867 P. Tucker Origin, Rise, & Progress of Mormonism 155 Smith and Rigdon..were both arrested on charges of swindling, in connection with their worthless paper bank. 1989 Paper & Environment (Tesco) 3 We hope soon to introduce ‘paper banks’ at some of our larger stores to allow you to save your paper waste for recycling. 1990 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 1 Jan. a6 Paper banks..are legal and are widely used to keep wealth outside the taxing authority of the United States, but they also have become havens for fraud and the laundering of drug money. 1993 Ideal Home Sept. 64/2 The bottle and paper banks for recycling household waste at the supermarkets are a very good idea. paper birch n. a North American birch, Betula papyrifera, with large leaves and white bark that peels in papery layers; also called canoe birch. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > birch and allies > [noun] bircha700 birch-tree1530 weeping birch1606 Our Lady's tree1608 black birch1674 sugar-birch1751 white birch1766 red birch1774 yellow birch1774 paper birch1791 canoe birch1810 mountain mahogany1810 old field birch1810 mahogany birch1813 towai1845 river birch1846 kamahi1867 silver birch1884 wire birch1899 1791 T. Jefferson Let. 5 June in Papers (1982) XX. 465 The honey suckle of the gardens growing wild on the banks of Lake George, the paper birch, an Aspen with a velvet leaf, [etc.]. 1903 S. E. White Forest xiv. 193 Probably a little further along there would be a point of high land and delightful little paper-birches. 1998 Nature Conservancy Jan. 28/2 The tract features paper birch, seldom seen in the Alleghenies. paper blockade n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a naval blockade declared but not actually enforced. ΚΠ 1803 Deb. Congr. U.S. 23 Feb. (1851) 129 Paper blockades were substituted for actual ones, and the staple commodities of our country lay perishing in our storehouses. 1862 T. P. Kettell Hist. Rebellion I. 124 [Jefferson Davis] denounced the proclamation of the United States in relation to Southern ports, as a mere paper blockade. 1915 Econ. Jrnl. 25 129 The result..was..only to stimulate the activity of the British Government in issuing Orders in Council, and a war of paper-blockades and ineffective prohibitions of trade followed. 2006 A. Newpower Iron Men & Tin Fish v. 78 Andrews could commit 20 vessels to the defense of the entire East Coast, making even a paper blockade appear substantial by comparison. † paper-blurrer n. Obsolete an inferior writer. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [noun] > inferior writer scribblera1556 paper-blurrera1586 by-writer1587 feather-driver1593 squitter-book1594 paper-stainer1596 blur-paper1603 spoil-paper1610 penster1611 inkhorn matea1616 squitter-wit1615 ink-dabbler1616 squitter-pulpa1640 quill-driver1700 scribble-scrabble1707 authorling1752 writerling1802 inkhorn varlet1820 toe-writer1845 pen-driver1854 anonymuncule1859 ink-jerker1865 pen-pusher1875 pseudonymuncle1875 ink-spiller1881 ink-slinger1887 blotter- a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. I3^v I, that..am admitted into the company of the Paper-blurrers. 1631 J. Mabbe in tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd Ep. Ded. sig. A4 She is..like a Grashopper amongst so many Nightingales; or like a Paper-blurrer amongst so many famous Writers. 1852 K. H. Digby Compitum vi. 269 The conventional, exaggerated effusions of mere paper-blurrers. paperboard n. (a) (chiefly in plural) a board with a paper cover, used in bookbinding; (b) pasteboard. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] > pasteboard paste1549 paperboard1552 pasteboard1562 pasted paper1570 board1660 Bristol-board1809 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16282.3) (facing colophon) Bounde..in paper bordes. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 24 If the Workman be short,..He lays a Paper-board..on the floor by the fore-side of the Frame. 1771 P. Luckombe Hist. & Art of Printing 329 [He] sets the edges of a Paper-board between the Bar and the further Cheek of the Press, to keep the Bar from starting back. 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 95 Paper boards, a term applied to cheap bindings in boards, but with paper instead of cloth sides. 1965 B. J. Kirkpatrick Bibliogr. E. M. Forster 47 Pale green paper boards; printed in black on upper cover. 2000 Printing World 7 Feb. 14/2 MoDo says demand for newsprint and magazine papers remains strong, while demand for paperboard has risen. paper box n. (a) a box made of paper; (b) a box in which to keep papers. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > of specific material or construction crystal stonea1387 paper box1754 cabbie1808 basket-box1881 1754 Connoisseur (1755) No. 32. 189 The man of taste takes his Strasburgh veritable tabac from a right Paris paper-box, and the pretty fellow uses a box of polished metal. 1861 D. G. Rossetti Let. 19 Jan. (1965) II. 389 Will you tell her we are very thankful for her paper-box, which is very useful? 1991 Palm Beach Life Mar. 30/2 Chicken comes in coated paper boxes. paperboy n. a boy employed to sell or deliver newspapers. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets bookmonger1275 stationer1311 bookseller?c1475 bibliopolist1541 book merchant1653 newsboy1728 book hawker1737 bibliopole1775 newsman1775 news-vender1796 newsagent1811 news-vendor1823 newspaper vendor1830 newspaper seller1837 newspaper boy1843 newsgirl1859 newsie1875 paperboy1876 1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. v. 94 The paper-boy was beginning, with the milkman, his rounds. 1999 N.Y. Times 3 Oct. xiv. 21/1 At one time, all towns had young people perform the vital job of paperboy or papergirl. paper cable n. an electric cable containing paper insulation, usually impregnated with fluid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > cable > insulated cable paper cable1893 pressure cable1931 Pyrotenax1936 1893 W. J. Hopkins Telephone Lines xiv. 209 In the paper cables made by John A. Roebling & Sons Company, two paper strips are laid on lengthwise, as loosely as possible, being held in place by thread wound about them. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 219/2 Between London and Birmingham a paper cable 116 miles long..was laid in 1900. 1973 R. W. Sillars Electr. Insulating Materials v. 88 Drying of high voltage oil-filled paper cables..is more critical than transformer drying, for the stress at working voltage is considerably higher and therefore discharge is more difficult to avoid. 2002 Transmission & Distribution World (Nexis) June 6 Even submarine cable installations—traditionally an application for SCFF—increasingly use solid-type paper cable and polymeric cable. paper cap n. a cap made of coloured paper, typically worn at parties; (also) a cap made of paper, formerly worn by carpenters, masons, or other workmen (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > made from specific material > other lettice cap1544 jack-cap1694 paper cap?1697 Dutch cap1726 napkin-cap1735 shell-cap1794 raccoon cap1840 ?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 9 Accoutred with paper caps, and wooden swords. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. viii. 162 Little urchins..followed in droves after the drums, with paper caps on their heads. 1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. i. i. 33 Each [sc. Coronation ‘tuck box’] will contain an apple and orange, a bar of chocolate, a buttered bun, a packet of biscuits, a piece of cake, serviette with medallion, and a paper cap. 1974 L. Lamb Man in Mist vi. 37 I can well remember when carpenters and masons wore paper caps, as they still do in Italy and in Tenniel's Alice. paper carriage n. (a) the sliding mechanism on a manual typewriter which holds the platen and paper, and which advances automatically each time a key is struck; (b) the part of an electronic typewriter or printer which holds the paper in place. ΚΠ 1822 W. Congreve in London Jrnl. 3 11 The paper is laid on by means of a moveable carriage, called the paper-carriage. 1868 C. L. Sholes et al. U.S. Patent 79,265 2 This combination of devices forms a simple and practicable paper-carriage. 1926 Army & Navy Stores Price List 1926–27 xcvii. 376/2 The Bar-Lock Typewriter... Interchangeable paper-carriage and platen. 1981 Chem. Engin. 12 Jan. 85/1 Preloaded paper carriages allow quick replacement. paper carrier n. North American (originally U.S.) a person employed to deliver newspapers; esp. a paper boy or girl. ΚΠ 1855 J. E. Cooke Ellie i. iii. 22 All their occupations, as newsboys, paper-carriers, errand-runners, and petty thieves. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt i. 3 The paper-carrier went by whistling, and the rolled-up Advocate thumped the front door. 1995 Toronto Star 17 Aug. sc1 People still refer to me as their former paper carrier. paper chain n. a chain made of strips of coloured paper and used for decoration, esp. at Christmas. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers streamer1857 paper streamer1868 paper ribbon1876 paper chain1943 1943 N. Balchin Small Back Room iii. 31 It's a damned shame we haven't got a few paper chains and a bit of misletoe for the old boy. 1999 S. Perera Haven't stopped dancing Yet xvii. 226 Everywhere there were paper chains and streamers. ‘Christmas decorations from my school,’ Anu said. paper-chewing n. colloquial rare the action of dealing with routine or bureaucratic paperwork. ΚΠ 1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 30 I can't stick my bloody office..signing one chit after another. Paper-chewing. 1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 38 All this paper-chewing and chit-passing. paper chromatogram n. Chemistry a chromatogram made by paper chromatography. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > record of phase diagram1908 chromatogram1922 polarogram1925 paper chromatogram1944 partition chromatogram1944 gas chromatogram1952 1944 Biochem. Jrnl. 38 231/2 The paper chromatograms are by no means united to the separation of aminoacids. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 14 Mar. 592/1 If paper chromatograms were done as frequently on the urines of healthy subjects..we might originally have concluded that cystathioninuria is as benign a metabolic disorder as essential pentosuria. paper-chromatographic adj. relating to or involving paper chromatography. ΚΠ 1949 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 71 1855/1 (note) Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine,..[etc.] were identified by the paper chromatographic technique. 1971 Jrnl. Chromatogr. 60 381 Almost the entire present knowledge on the composition of human urinary sugar content..can be ascribed to paper chromatographic studies. paper-chromatographically adv. by means of or as regards paper chromatography. ΚΠ 1957 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 22 579/1 Elution..afforded a series of glassy residues which appeared to be paper chromatographically homogeneous. 1966 Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 79 507 Three amino acids are formed that can be identified paper-chromatographically. paper chromatography n. Chemistry a technique for the analysis or separation of mixtures by chromatography using an absorbent paper support. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > types partition chromatography1943 paper chromatography1947 ionography1950 gas chromatography1952 thin-layer chromatography1957 TLC1961 affinity chromatography1968 1947 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 69 3151/1 The estimation of these derivatives using paper chromatography is reported here. 1971 C. T. Kenner Analyt. Separations & Determinations xv. 282 Two-dimensional paper chromatography is used to separate complex mixtures of amino acids produced by hydrolysis of protein. 1996 H. W. Paul Sci., Vine, & Wine in Mod. France 336 The method of paper chromatography for the study of phenolic compounds..came from the laboratory of Bate-Smith at the University of Cambridge. paper cigar n. now historical a cigarette. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette cigarito1832 paper cigar1833 cigarette1842 papelito1845 coffin-nailc1865 fag1885 butt1893 pill1901 scag1915 nail1925 quirly1932 tab1934 burn1941 draw1946 tube1946 snout1950 cancer stick1958 straight1959 ciggy1962 square1970 bifter1989 lung dart1990 dart2000 1833 H. W. Longfellow Outre-Mer i. 200 Now and then we rode through a dilapidated town, with a group of idlers at every corner,..smoking their little paper cigars in the sun. 1873 C. Nordhoff California 244 After dinner he sat in his corridor, made and smoked paper cigars, and contemplated himself. 1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command v. 132 He washed his face perfunctorily..and hurried into the day-cabin, eager for coffee and his first little paper cigar of the day. paper cloth n. (a) a fabric made from the inner bark of the paper mulberry and other trees, produced in many Pacific islands; (b) a kind of cloth with a paper facing; (c) a tablecloth made of paper. ΚΠ 1841 Biblical Repertory Jan. 60 The Mexicans manufactured a sort of paper, exactly similar in its texture, to the paper cloth of Otaheite. 1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper cloth,..a kind of cloth faced with paper. 1926 R. S. Kuykendall Hist. Hawaii iii. 37 The Polynesian immigrants were familiar with the method of making tapa or paper cloth from the inner bark of trees. 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Mar. b. 9 Issey Miyake..is currently exploring the possibilities of fashion made of a paper cloth called kamiko. 1984 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 19 July Candles and paper cloths adorned each table. 1996 Mother Earth News June A loosely woven, absorbent paper-cloth infused with asphalt that is commonly tacked over wooden roof sheathing to provide a waterproof underlayment for roof shingles. paper coal n. (a) a thinly foliated variety of coal, esp. one consisting of the matted remains of the cuticles of plants; (b) the resinous mineral dysodile (rare). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] coal1253 sea-coal1253 pit-coal1483 cannel1541 earth coala1552 horse coal1552 Newcastle coal1552 stone-coal1585 cannel coal1587 parrot1594 burn-coal1597 lithanthrax1612 stony coal1617 Welsh coala1618 land-coala1661 foot coal1665 peacock coal1686 rough coal1686 white coal1686 heathen-coalc1697 coal-stone1708 round1708 stone-coal1708 bench-coal1712 slipper coal1712 black coal1713 culm1742 rock coal1750 board coal1761 Bovey coal1761 house coal1784 mineral coal1785 splint1789 splint coal1789 jet coal1794 anthracite1797 wood-coal1799 blind-coal1802 black diamond1803 silk-coal1803 glance-coal1805 lignite1808 Welsh stone-coal1808 soft1811 spout coals1821 spouter1821 Wallsend1821 brown coal1833 paper coal1833 steam-coal1850 peat-coal1851 cherry-coal1853 household1854 sinter coal1854 oil coal1856 raker1857 Kilkenny coal1861 Pottery coal1867 silkstone1867 block coal1871 admiralty1877 rattlejack1877 bunker1883 fusain1883 smitham1883 bunker coal1885 triping1886 trolley coal1890 kibble1891 sea-borne1892 jet1893 steam1897 sack coal1898 Welsh1898 navigation coal1900 Coalite1906 clarain1919 durain1919 vitrain1919 single1921 kolm1930 hards1956 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > other hydrocarbon minerals dysodyle1809 paper coal1833 idrialite1849 kœnleinite1861 kerogen1906 thucholite1928 sterane1951 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > other types of coal peacock coal1686 bone1817 paper coal1833 red ash1836 oil coal1856 rattlejack1877 fusain1883 black coal1887 clarain1919 vitrain1919 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. xiv. 200 The other organic remains of the brown coal are principally fishes; they are found in a bituminous shale, called paper-coal, from being divisible into extremely thin leaves. 1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals Paper-coal, an early name for dysodile, alluding to the paper-like leaves in which it occurs. 1901 Science 12 Apr. 579/1 The interesting point brought out by Renault is the presence over the whole surface of these paper-coal cuticles of bacteria.., of which a number of species are figured and described. 1989 Nature 30 Nov. 530/2 Highly concentrated accumulations of morphologically recognizable fossilized remains of higher plant cuticles (cutinite) only occur in unusual circumstances, such as those that produced the Indiana Paper Coal. paper cover n. a stiff paper cover (or one of a pair) for a book; (also) a book with such a cover, a paperback. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > book of specific form or colour > [noun] > with specific type of back or cover blue book1633 green book1798 paperback1843 paper cover1843 yellowback1859 flat-back1888 greenback1893 paperbound1933 softback1951 hardback1953 hardcover1953 pocketbook1953 softcover1953 trade paperback1960 society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun] antiquing1728 royal binding1808 Russia binding1817 gothique1818 half-binding1821 Roxburghe1839 paper cover1843 trade binding1874 tree-calf1879 Grolier1880 yapp1883 cloth-work1885 publisher's binding1885 tree-marble1885 treed calf1892 presentation binding1893 quarter leather1894 quarter calf1896 three-quarter binding1897 library binding1903 circuit-binding1909 publisher's cloth1911 quarter binding1912 loose back1923 open back1923 spring-back1923 spiral binding1949 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. 11 (advt.) One handsome volume, octavo, of 610 pages. $2 00. Cheap edition, paper covers, $1 00. 1913 T. E. Lawrence Let. 5 Apr. (1938) 152 If you have any cheap paper-covered copy..(paper-covers are customs free)..I would be exceedingly grateful. 1994 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 30 Jan. 22/4 Called bound galleys, these are early proofs in paper covers. paper cup n. a disposable drinking cup made of thin cardboard or a similar material. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > paper paper cup1777 1777 L. Carter Diary 4 Oct. (1965) II. 1134 I defricated about ¾ of a wine glass through a paper cup. 1939 G. Greene Lawless Roads xi. 272 The odious child takes all the paper cups from the water-tap by the lavatory. 2002 T. Shimoda Fourth Treasure (2003) 26 She was holding a paper cup topped with a plastic lid. paper dart n. a piece of paper folded so as to be thrown like a dart. ΚΠ 1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 23 A broker cannot..innocently fling a ‘paper dart’ at a neighbour without being amerced ten dollars. 1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. iv. 190 They threw paper darts and paper pellets with unerring aim. 1989 G. Cross On the Edge (BNC) 95 He refolded the paper dart neatly and sent it skimming across the tea-table. † paper-day n. Obsolete Law a day set aside for courts to hear cases previously entered on a special list or paper (a practice abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873–5). ΚΠ 1838 T. Chitty Archbold's Pract. Court Queen's Bench (ed. 6) 101 In each of the courts there are certain days in each term called Paper Days, because the court, on those days, hear the causes which have been entered in the paper for argument before they enter upon motions. 1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) 590/2 In each of the common law courts certain days were appointed in each term, called Special Paper-days. paper dragon n. a paper kite shaped like a dragon. ΚΠ 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. S2^v These Boyes paper-dragons that they let fly with a pack-thrid in the fields. 1851 Lintie o' Moray 62 Green was thy gowan'd sward, Where paper-dragons flew. 2002 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 37 It is not unusual on weekends to see the air above parks in the city [of Shanghai] filled with long paper dragons, colourful birds of prey and other kites in more abstract shapes. paper dress n. (in early use probably) a dress made of a paperlike fabric (cf. paper taffeta n.); (later) a dress made of paper, esp. an inexpensive disposable one. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > made of specific material farandine1672 tabby1726 satin1730 lutestring1756 silk1793 muslinc1794 zephyrine1820 merino1839 mousseline1847 moire1851 velvet1851 tarlatan1852 velveteen1873 tussore1884 paper dress1886 Gloria1895 Tibet1900 tub-dress1909 tub-frock1909 1886 ‘V. Lee’ Let. 22 June (1937) 215 A curious being in a very tight blue paper dress suggestive of divided skirts & ulster to match. 1966 Listener 15 Dec. 893/1 This..is the year of the paper dress that can be worn and then tossed in the waste basket. 1992 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. 20 Dec. n1/5 Also on display are humorous cards from the Depression, greetings for World War II soldiers, flower-covered paper dresses from the '60s, holograms from the '80s. paper dust n. waste consisting of particles of paper produced by a printing press, printer, paper shredder, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > dust of other specific materials bark-dustc1440 pin powder1502 pin-dust1552 brick dust1573 gun dust1703 flue-dust1857 wood powder1870 pouce1880 stone-dust1896 paper dust1906 1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands iii. 27 Over these [sc. side-whiskers] the feathery paper-dust collected till they looked like the wings of an adolescent gosling. 1985 Inmac Catal. Spring 40/2 Your printer generates more paper dust than you realize. paper electrophoresis n. Biochemistry a technique of electrophoresis in which paper saturated with a buffer solution is used as a medium for the separation of macromolecules. ΚΠ 1951 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73 4878/1 An examination..by unidimensional paper electrophoresis..showed that the fractions collected at drip points 6 and 7 consisted of gamma globulin. 1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 17 4/2 In both patients paper electrophoresis disclosed no α-lipoprotein or pre-β-lipoprotein band on any diet. 1999 Austral. & N. Z. Jrnl. Med. 29 500 When unselected healthy adults in the community have their serum screened by cellulose acetate or paper electrophoresis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance..may be found in 0.5–1%. paper-faced adj. (a) having a face suggestive of paper; esp. in being thin or pale; (b) faced with paper. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iv. 10 Thou paper-facde villaine..you thin man. 1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 174 The wadding used in the shot-gun is of three varieties..3rd, a hard felt paper~faced wad,..the ‘pink edge’ or Field wad. 1977 New Yorker 8 Aug. 12/3 There is a marvellous performance by a paper-faced old man called Scheitz. 1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 132/2 Thermal insulation may be..paper-faced rolls of cavity width mats. paper fastener n. a device for fastening a number of papers together; cf. paper clip n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > clasp for holding papers together paper clip1851 paper clamp1858 paper fastener1867 1864 U.S. Patent Specif. No. 43. 435 A new and useful Legal Cap-Paper Fastener.] 1867 Brit. Patent 2276 An eyelet and paper fastener combined. 1935 Amer. Girl July 12/2 You might bind the sheets of cardboard to each other with metal paper-fasteners purchasable at ten-cent stores—the kind with ends you bend backwards. 2003 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 28 Mar. 19 Items were hung in the boxes using a variety of methods, such as paper scaffolding, ribbons, paperclips twisted out of shape to use as hooks, and paper fasteners. paper-feed n. a device for inserting sheets of paper into a typewriter, printer, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > paper-feed paper feeder1875 paper-feed1910 tractor1970 1910 L. M. Potts Brit. Patent 15,167/1909 24 The operation of the paper feed or lining clutch 406 is..effected electrically by magnet 414 provided with a pivoted armature 415. 1920 H. Etheridge Dict. Typewriting 177 The paper feed of a typewriter consists of a paper roller (or platen) and two or more small feed rollers, which latter are kept in contact with the platen by means of springs, to allow of different thicknesses of paper being inserted. 1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 120/2 The modern electric duplicator with its automatic paper-feed, counting mechanism and automatic stopping device, is a highly efficient and economical machine. 1989 K. Conlon Distant Relations ix. 115 Eventually the paper-feed stuttered to a halt and together they tamed the torrent of print. paper feeder n. = paper-feed n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > paper-feed paper feeder1875 paper-feed1910 tractor1970 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1621/2 Paper-feeder, a device for delivering paper singly in sheets to a printing-press, ruling machine, [etc.]. 1995 Wall St. Jrnl. 29 June b1/2 The printer can handle two computers at a time and has..a secondary paper feeder that handles 100 sheets of various sizes, or 10 envelopes. paper-folder n. an instrument for folding paper, as a paper knife, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > knife for cutting paper > for folding paper paper-folder1781 society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > tools plough1580 fillet1641 roll1656 paper-folder1781 stamp1811 backing-hammer1818 bookstamp1819 lettering tool1833 book cutter1850 roller1852 hand letter1862 pallet1875 wagon1875 stop1880 jigger1883 gouge1885 guinea-edge1890 marbler1890 panel stamp1893 saddle stitcher1944 1781 Salem Gaz. & Gen. Advertiser 3 July 2/3 Isaac Greenwood..[makes] Paper-Folders, Sand-Boxes, Bannisters for Stair-cases. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Paper-folder, a bone knife used in folding paper, folding signatures for sewing, and feeding paper from the bank to the press. 1884 G. W. Cable Dr. Sevier xxxi Picking up his paper-folder and shaking it argumentatively. paper-folding n. the art of folding paper into objects or designs; origami. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami paper-folding1893 paper sculpture1946 origami1948 1893 T. S. Row (title) Geometric exercises in paper folding. 1902 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 661/2 Paper-folding is an occupation which forms a good occasional lesson for older children. 1968 R. V. Beste Repeat Instruct. vii. 67 You should try origame..Paper-folding. 2001 N.Y. Mag. 2 Apr. 66/2 (advt.) ‘Origamic Architecture’..features cut and folded recreations of world monuments..employing ancient Japanese paper-folding with pop-up book engineering. paper game n. a game involving writing or drawing on paper. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other types of game > [noun] > pencil and paper paper game1879 1879 C. M. Yonge Magnum Bonum III. xxxv. 759 To listen to an exposition of the microphone, to share in a Shakespeare reading, or worse still, in a paper game, was..such a bore. 1934 E. Waugh Handful of Dust i. 21 ‘No paper games?’ ‘Oh, no, nothing like that. A certain amount of bridge and back~gammon and low poker.’ 1993 S. Bedford Compass Error (BNC) 118 Flavia enjoyed the paper-games. paper gauge n. Printing a gauge for measuring the width of a margin, height of a typeface, etc.; (also) a device for indicating the quantity of paper left in a printer. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1623/1 Paper-gage, an instrument for measuring the type-face or measure of printed matter and the width of the margin. 2000 Photo Trade News (Nexis) 1 Feb. 62 Because of this single sheet processing, there should be no production paper waste. There is even a paper gauge to show how much paper is left. papergirl n. a girl employed to sell or deliver newspapers. ΚΠ 1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. ii. 375 Paper-girl comes to door with weeklies. 1999 N.Y. Times 3 Oct. xiv. 21/1 At one time, all towns had young people perform the vital job of paperboy or papergirl. paper gold n. colloquial = Special Drawing Right n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > action of placing to one's credit > sum placed to one's credit > computer-listed for each country paper gold1966 1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 1 Dec. 5/2 World monetary reform negotiators removed some of the major stumbling blocks in their path to creating ‘paper gold’, although many more still remain. 1999 Daily Tel. 21 June 27/5 The IMF..could issue Special Drawing Rights, its own-brand currency, originally marketed as paper gold. paper guide n. an adjustable device on a typewriter, printer, etc., for ensuring that the left edge of each sheet of paper is inserted at the same place. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > paper guide paper guide1952 1952 L. A. Leslie & P. S. Pepe Methods of Teaching Typing Simplified i. 9 Paper guide should be set and paper inserted by the teacher. 1993 What Personal Computer (BNC) Apr. 81 One aspect [of a printer] I wasn't terribly impressed with was the flimsy nature of the slide-out paper guides. paper handkerchief n. a disposable handkerchief made from soft tissue paper. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief coverchiefc1305 cloutc1380 muckender1420 napkin1436 handkerchief1530 handkercher1531 mocket1537 wiper1587 nose-cloth1589 pocket handkerchief1645 handcloth1676 mouchoira1685 pocket-clotha1704 wipe1708 volet1789 kerchief1814 snotter1823 lachrymatory1825 nose-rag1840 nose-wiper1840 sweat-rag1843 lachrymary1854 sneezer1857 stook1859 snottinger1864 snot-rag1888 hanky1895 penwiper1902 paper handkerchief1907 nose-wipe1919 snitch-rag1940 paper hankie1959 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 510/1 Handkerchiefs, Paper (Medicated)—These soft, silky papers are specially prepared for invalids, and are invaluable to sufferers from bronchial affections, catarrh, &c. 1939 R. Stout Red Threads (1941) viii. 109 A luxury brand of paper handkerchief, used for wiping creams from the skin. 1997 London Rev. Bks. 29 May 20/4 I went to a stall and handed over a pound coin, for which I was given a pack of paper handkerchiefs in a plastic sheath. paper hankie n. (also paper hanky) colloquial = paper handkerchief n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief coverchiefc1305 cloutc1380 muckender1420 napkin1436 handkerchief1530 handkercher1531 mocket1537 wiper1587 nose-cloth1589 pocket handkerchief1645 handcloth1676 mouchoira1685 pocket-clotha1704 wipe1708 volet1789 kerchief1814 snotter1823 lachrymatory1825 nose-rag1840 nose-wiper1840 sweat-rag1843 lachrymary1854 sneezer1857 stook1859 snottinger1864 snot-rag1888 hanky1895 penwiper1902 paper handkerchief1907 nose-wipe1919 snitch-rag1940 paper hankie1959 1959 Woman 2 May 4/4 How do I keep my bouffant hair style looking just set? The secret lies in my home-made rollers—big, fat ones made from cotton wool wrapped round with paper hankies. 1990 R. Doyle Snapper (1993) 145 He studied the J-cloth, threw it back and rooted in his pockets for a paper hankie. paper hornet n. chiefly U.S. a hornet which builds a paper nest, esp. Dolichovespula maculata. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > superfamily Vespoidea (hornets) > vespa crabro (hornet) hornetc725 scrabrouna1425 yellow jacket1796 ground-hornet1822 paper hornet1870 1870 Amer. Naturalist 3 52 The Paper Hornet (Vespa maculata) often enters my nucleus hives, when I am rearing Italian queen bees. 1943 A. Stupka in R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 287 Paper hornets drone about the old deserted cabins. 2000 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 14 Sept. I was a bit worried that viewers might get the impression that honeybees are just as troublesome and abundant as yellow jackets and paper hornets. paper hunt n. a paperchase (now usually figurative). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > hare and hounds hunt the foxa1600 hunt the hare1762 fox and hounds1821 hare and hounds1839 fox-chase1856 paperchase1856 paper hunt1871 1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Jan. 52 Hilton backed up Gordon at the paper-hunt yesterday. 1996 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 11 Apr. a8 The paper hunt..was overshadowed by new reports that senior officers have known since October that the missing files may be the result of an old computer system as opposed to deliberate tampering. paper keeper n. a person who has charge of official documents, papers, etc. ΚΠ 1927 Daily Tel. 3 May 3 In the opinion of the Postmaster-General the paperkeepers were amply remunerated at the present rates. 2000 Evening Standard (Nexis) 22 May 19 I started as a paper keeper, extracting files. paper kiosk n. a kiosk at which newspapers are sold. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun] > for sale of other specific goods bookstand1743 bookstall1753 newsstand1867 paper kiosk1935 1935 E. Bowen House in Paris i. 11 A paper kiosk opened to take its stock in. 1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Jan. v. 2/3 I read the bad news standing in the local pharmacy that serves as paper kiosk and nerve center for the town. paper machine n. a machine for making paper (in quot. 1769 perhaps a device or ornament of papier mâché). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > machine paper machine1769 1769 N.Y. Jrnl. or Gen. Advertiser 1 June (advt.) Nicholas Bernard..has for sale..chimney Pieces, Figures of Plaster of Paris..Paper Machine for Ceilings [etc.]. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 937 The pulp being diluted to a consistency suitable for the paper machine, is delivered into a vat. 2000 Paper Technol. (Paper Industry Techn. Assoc.) Feb. 42/1 The paper machine at Reading Paperboard produces 431 to 631 g/m² recycled board at line shaft speeds up to 102 m/min. † paper-marl n. Obsolete a kind of marl occurring in thin layers. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > marl > other marls pigeon marl1601 paper-marl1707 toad-marl1764 rock marl1772 earth-marl1803 wichert1912 1707–12 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. (1721) I. 87 Paper-Marle, which lies near Coals, and [is] like Leaves or Pieces of brown Paper, only 'tis something lighter for Colour. paper match n. a match made of paper; (now usually) = book match n. at book n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > match, spill, or taper for lighting > specifically ignited by friction allumette1601 fire cane1644 paper match1780 Strasbourg match1825 match1830 lucifer match1831 fusee1832 loco-foco1835 oxymuriatic match1835 Congreve1839 Vesta1839 friction-match1847 safety match1850 German Congreve1851 Vesuvian1853 star1862 safety1876 tandstickor1884 post-and-railsa1890 book match1899 Swan Vesta1908 1780 Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 413 Those paper matches which the Chinese put into those little squibs, which go by the name of India crackers. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xlv. 519 Little Ruth..had a particular interest in some delicate paper-matches on the chimney-piece: wondering who could have made them. 1987 M. Kochanski Northern Bushcraft (1988) i. 13 If you consistently succeed with a split paper match in wet, windy weather, you should never have a problem lighting fires in the bush. paper mildew n. an ascomycete fungus, Ascotricha chartarum, which causes mildew on paper. ΚΠ 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 294/1 The Paper-Mildew (Ascotricha chartarum)..grows on damp paper, and therefore is saprophytic in its mode of life. 1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 149/2 Foxed, foxing or foxy, stains, specks or spots in paper, e.g. prints, books, mostly due to mould or paper-mildew. 1995 Re: removing musty smell from old paper in rec.antiques (Usenet newsgroup) 16 Mar. I know a book dealer who kills paper mildew with Lysol, but I don't know whether this will damage the book in other ways. † paper-minister n. Obsolete Scottish a minister who reads out his sermons. ΚΠ 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters v. 82 The skin-flint wife of a paper minister. 1891 R. Ford Thistledown 276 It's a judgement for leaving my ain godlie Mr. Peebles at the Newton, an' comin' to hear a paper-minister. paper-moth n. now rare a moth whose larvae eat paper; (figurative) a person who spends most of the time reading and writing, a bookworm. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types > unspecified paper-moth1699 arch1766 moth1802 nun1832 runic1832 vulture-feather1832 wormwood1832 buff-tip1836 1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle iii. i. 28 Are my Cloathes so course, as if they were spun by those lazy Spinsters the Muses..? Do my hands look like Paper moths? 1845 Amer. Whig Rev. Mar. 264/2 It [sc. ornithology] fell almost exclusively into the hands of dry old paper-moths, whose dull fatiguing compilations only tended to stultify more profoundly the inanities of their predecessors. 1904 N.E.D. at Paper sb. Paper-moth,..one who is constantly occupied with paper. paper mulberry n. a small tree of the mulberry family, Broussonetia papyrifera, native to eastern Asia and Polynesia, from the inner bark of which paper and cloth is made. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in paper, glass, or pottery manufacture > [noun] > paper-plant or -tree > paper mulberry paper mulberry1769 cloth-tree1777 cloth-mulberry1784 1769 J. Banks Jrnl. (1962) I. 353 The Material of which it [sc. South-sea cloth] is made is the interior bark or fiber of..the Chinese paper mulberry Morus Papyrifera. 1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 226 The Paper Mulberry..furnishes to the Polynesian Islanders the useful Tapa cloth, which is fabricated from its fibrous bark. 1999 Guardian 31 July (Weekend Suppl.) 46/2 Broussonetia papyrifera (the paper mulberry).., with its purple-banded bark and large, fiddle-back leaves, tolerance of pollution and poor soil, is a welcome inclusion to urban planting. paper muslin n. glazed muslin used for dress linings, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > fine, light, or delicate > muslin > other millinetc1784 muslinet1785 saccharilla1851 paper muslin1858 1858 E. T. Freedley Philadelphia & its Manuf. 414 Mrs. A. M. Hollingsworth..keeps a very great variety of Materials for Flowers of every kind—paper muslin, silver and waxed leaves, [etc.]. 1969 C. M. Foust Muscovite & Mandarin ix. 357 Lesser quantities were purchased of paper muslin. paper napkin n. a disposable table napkin made of paper. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > napkin or serviette napkin1384 muckender1420 napetc1422 savernapron1422 browera1475 serviette1490 serviter1522 muffling cheat1567 diapera1616 doily1711 paper napkin1847 lap-cloth1849 1847 G. Smith Narr. Exploratory Visit China xxvii. 406 At one time he brought a spoon, or a pair of chop-sticks; at another time he fetched a paper-napkin for his father's use, or re-filled his glass with samshoo. 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 109/1 Paper Napkins..for tourists, travelers, lawn parties, lunches, picnics. 1991 M. S. Power Come the Executioner (1992) xvi. 190 He wiped his fingers carefully, and wiped his mouth too with a paper napkin. paper nautilus n. a small dibranchiate cephalopod of the genus Argonauta, the female of which is protected by a very thin, single-chambered, detached shell, and has webbed dorsal arms which it was formerly believed to use as sails (also called argonaut); the shell of such a cephalopod; cf. paper-shelled nautilus n. ΚΠ 1792 G. Shaw Vivarium Naturæ, or Naturalist's Misc. III. pl. 101 The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus. 1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. li. 275 In the former of these [sc. families] there is only the single genus Argonauta (the Paper Sailor, or the Paper Nautilus). 1999 Sewanee Rev. 107 p. xxxiv/1 We read her response to the gift of a paper nautilus shell. paper nylon n. a stiff paper-like form of nylon. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from man-made fibres > [noun] > synthetic > nylon nylon1940 Nylex1957 paper nylon1959 Antron1960 Qiana1968 1959 J. T. Story Mix me a Person iv. 42 The fossilised remains of juke boxes and female frolic skeletons in paper-nylon slips. 1999 Independent 19 Mar. ii. 7/7 Each..generation found natural means to improve their fabrics; a strained potato water to clean silk, a tealeaf rinse for linens, sugar and water to stiffen paper nylon petticoats. paper park n. Computing = paper parking n. ΚΠ 1987 PC Week (Nexis) 27 Oct. 85 The continuous paper stays in the machine, but out of the way. The user can then insert a single piece of letterhead paper or an envelope. The paper park is a standard feature on the 393. 1996 Computing Canada (Nexis) 23 May 39 Additional features include an automatic load, paper park and zero-inch tear-off. paper parking n. Computing a facility on a computer printer which allows alternation between continuous-feed paper and individual sheets, without the removal of the former from the machine. ΚΠ 1987 InfoWorld (Nexis) 11 May 22 The new HR-40 also has a ‘paper parking’ feature that permits users to switch between tractor-fed fanfold paper and single sheets without removing paper from the tractor. 1995 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 16 Feb. 35 Most modern models have push tractors and paper parking, allowing single sheets of cut paper to be inserted without removing the continuous stationery. paper paste n. now rare papier mâché. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] > papier mâché papier mâché1753 paper mache1763 paper paste1763 carton-pierre1850 1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 367 This varnish, mixed with ivory-black,..is applied..on the dried paper paste. 1858 Ladies' Repository Nov. 694/2 He renders paper paste transparent by causing it to undergo a certain metamorphosis. 2003 Egypt Today (Nexis) 1 Feb. The surfaces are..composed of recycled organic material like hay, straw, wood, palm-tree fibers and a paper paste made out of different types of paper blended together by soaking them in water. paper pattern n. a pattern cut out of paper; spec. a dressmaking pattern printed on paper (now usually on tissue paper). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example > pattern cut out of paper paper pattern1702 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > equipment > pattern patterna1632 pattern body1819 paper pattern1833 protractor1875 toile1933 1702 S. Pepys Let. 13 Sept. (1926) II. 272 A strict measure cutt in paper of the originall writeing..and..a strict copy taken of the sayd writeing..one copy thereof and of the paper-patterne, attested by the Doctor, to bee delivered to him. 1833 in A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping (1964) iv. 40 A great variety of Morning, Dinner, Evening, Ball & Opera Dresses,..which are made in models and full-size Paper Patterns. 1998 N.Y. Mag. 4 May 71/1 They start by taking no fewer than 37 measurements—41 for female customers—and from the resulting data, they construct a paper pattern. † paper pholas n. Obsolete = paper piddock n. ΚΠ 1866 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands v. 101 One of the British species, the Paper Pholas (Pholas papyracea), has a peculiarly thin and delicate shell. paper piddock n. a thin-shelled piddock, Pholadidea loscombiana. ΚΠ 1901 E. Step Shell Life 168 The Paper Piddock (Pholadidea papyracea) has a shell that is exceedingly thin and delicate, oval and convex. 1976 C. M. Yonge & T. E. Thompson Living Marine Molluscs xvi. 209 (caption) Lateral view of paper piddock, Pholadidea loscombiana. paper plane n. = paper aeroplane n. ΚΠ 1966 N.Y. Times 12 Dec. 38/4 Many's the time we've spied a virtuoso paper plane turn the corner of the office hallway. 1993 Cycling Weekly 16 Jan. 3/3 Mighty squadrons of paper planes (fashioned from Albert Hall invitations) bearing down on the champions below. paper plant n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants papyrusa1398 paper plant1597 paper reed1597 paper-rush1608 sea-willow1807 paper- 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 37 This kinde of reede, which I haue englished Paper reede, or Paper plant, is the same..that paper was made of in Egypt. 1878 J. D. Quackenbos Illustr. Hist. Anc. Lit. 22 Papyrus, or the paper-plant, the bulrush of Scripture, grew in the marshes and pools of Egypt. 1991 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Mar. 121/2 At the edges of the ponds grow Cyperus alternifolius, C. esculentus, C. papyrus (Egyptian paper plant), Colocasia esculenta, [etc.]. paper plate n. (a) a disposable plate made of paper or cardboard; (b) a specially treated paper used as an offset printing plate in certain office duplicating machines. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > other types of dish spice-plate1391 pie plate1573 maple dish1637 cheese platea1665 supper dish1664 copperplate1665 reaming dish1712 paper plate1723 pickle leaf1762 pap-boat1782 supper1787 vegetable dish1799 well-dish1814 ice plate1820 pudding plate1838 tea plate1862 picnic plate1885 strawberry dish1941 1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. B2^v (heading) Almond Bisket..bake them on Paper-Plates in a moderate Oven. 1948 R. R. Karch Graphic Arts Procedures viii. 242 Three kinds of plates are used on the Multilith Duplicators. On the paper plate provided for one-run jobs, you can type, write, letter, draw, paint, rule, or trace the image desired in special inks. The plate is then placed on the press without further preparation. 1966 ‘D. Shannon’ With Vengeance iii. 48 He..confiscated one of the hot cookies she'd just transferred to the paper plate. 1976 Times 1 Apr. 32/9 (advt.) Multilith paper plates, large surplus stock, variety of sizes. 2001 E. Schlosser Fast Food Nation v. 131 A middle-aged woman in a lab coat handed me a paper plate full of premium extra longs, the type of french fries sold at McDonald's. † paper-plot n. Obsolete an outline or précis drawn up on paper, esp. the plot of a play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > plot plat1589 plot1613 paper-plot1622 bone1647 intrigue1651 action1668 intrigo1672 fable1678 story1679 happy ending1748 storyline1906 plot line1907 1622 G. Markham & W. Sampson Herod & Antipater iii. sig. G Such paper-plots are inuisible Goblins; Pinching them most, which doe least iniury. 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy iii. 49 Enter Prince, Aretas, Corax (with a Paper-plot). 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 56 His Book limited not his design, nor his Paper-Plot his undertakings. † paper poplar n. Obsolete the large-toothed aspen, Populus grandidentata, of eastern North America, the soft wood of which is used for papermaking. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Populus grandidentata, Large-toothed Aspen, Soft or Paper Poplar. † paper-priest n. Obsolete = paper-minister n. ΚΠ 1781 Reading not Preaching ii. 11 Let our paper-priests and reading clergy apply this to themselves. paper reed n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants papyrusa1398 paper plant1597 paper reed1597 paper-rush1608 sea-willow1807 paper- 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 37 This kinde of reede, which I haue englished Paper reede, or Paper plant, is the same..that paper was made of in Egypt. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xix. 7 The paper reeds by the brookes..shall wither. View more context for this quotation 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Papyrus Ægyptia, in English, Paper-Reed of the Antients, growing in Nilus, and of Sicily. 1855 R. Browning Saul (rev. ed.) xiii, in Men & Women II. 131 The river's a-wave With smooth paper-reeds. 2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June 74/2 Many grasses relish the moist, sticky conditions that a swamp provides. Among the most spectacular is Cyperus papyrus, the Egyptian paper reed. paper ribbon n. (a) = paper tape n.; (b) = paper streamer n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers streamer1857 paper streamer1868 paper ribbon1876 paper chain1943 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy §119 The [Wheatstone] apparatus consists of three parts: the perforator, which prepares the message by punching holes in a paper ribbon; the transmitter..and the receiver. 1903 C. H. Sewall Wireless Telegr. iii. 133 There is a telegraphic apparatus known as the ‘Wheatstone’, in which a paper ribbon is first perforated and then sent through a machine, recording at the distant end with ink marks upon paper tape. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 9/1 Even as he spoke he was frowning at the little paper ribbon that cascaded from the glass dome of the ticker. 1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 102 He hadn't blown whistles or thrown paper ribbons. 1992 C. McCarthy All Pretty Horses (1993) iv. 283 In the alameda..young girls were stringing paper ribbon overhead. paper rouble n. see rouble n. 2. paper round n. the job of delivering newspapers on a regular (usually daily) basis; the regular route taken by a person doing this job. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers paper route1868 paper round1948 paper run1948 1948 C. Day Lewis Otterbury Incident iv. 47 I asked if he'd let me take on part of his paper-round that evening. 1992 J. Meek Last Orders 122 Mark got more pocket money and a paper round seven days a week. paper route n. North American = paper round n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers paper route1868 paper round1948 paper run1948 1868 Figaro (San Francisco) 23 July 2/1 A Paper Route—One of the best on the most substantial city daily. 1929 T. Wolfe Look homeward, Angel (1930) xxvi. 349 He found a substitute for his paper route. 2002 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 14 Apr. 15/1 A paper route provided young Henry with pocket change and a sense of mission. † paper royal n. Obsolete see royal adj. 11a. † paper-ruler n. Obsolete an instrument used for, or person employed in, ruling straight lines on paper. ΚΠ 1844 Rep. Commissioners 1841 Census: Occup. Abstr. xiii. 291/1, in Parl. Papers XXVII. 369/1 Paper Ruler. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Paper-ruler, a workman who lines paper by hand. paper run n. New Zealand = paper round n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > supply of news or newspapers > [noun] > delivery to readers paper route1868 paper round1948 paper run1948 1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. viii. 48 Gilbert wanted..a bike for Christmas so's he could have a paper run. 1992 North & South (Auckland) Apr. 106 I had a paper run, and with the tips I got selling papers..I'd go to the Star Cafe. paper-rush n. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus; papyrus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants papyrusa1398 paper plant1597 paper reed1597 paper-rush1608 sea-willow1807 paper- 1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques sig. A4 Niger,..crowned, with an artificiall wreath of Cane, and Paper-rush. 1868 C. M. Yonge Chosen People (ed. 5) xvi. 66 Ptolemy Lagos..founded a great library there [sc. at Alexandria], collecting, from every quarter, books written either on parchment, or on the paper rush of Egypt. 1981 R. N. Soulen Handbk. Biblical Crit. (ed. 2) 136 Papyrus, known also as the paper-reed or paper-rush, was widely employed for writing throughout the Mediterranean from the 4th cent. B.C. to the 7th cent. A.D. paper sack n. chiefly North American a paper bag. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > sack > of specific material gunny1711 paper sack1904 1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Put the apples in a paper sack. 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet iv. i. 279 Eck had gone on into the store and emerged with a paper sack, from which he took a segment of cheese. 1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 69 To give myself something to do I restack packets of papads, pour rawa into paper sacks and label them carefully. paper sailor n. now rare = paper nautilus n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Dibranchiata > section Octopoda > family Argonautidae > member of nautilus1755 paper sailor1815 1815 S. Brookes Introd. Conchol. 156 Paper Nautilus, Paper Sailor, Argonauta Argo. 1901 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 3/4 The Argonaut or Paper Sailer..so called from the delicate consistence of its shell. paper sculpture n. the making of three-dimensional structures from one or more pieces of paper by folding, cutting, etc.; an object made by this process. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > origami paper-folding1893 paper sculpture1946 origami1948 1946 A. Sadler Paper Sculpture 17 Paper Sculpture..is composed of sheets of finished paper, so rolled, bent, scored, cut and folded, that it makes a desired form. 1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. ii. 31 Picasso would..put his scissors to the most inventive use: in 1912 for the papiers collés and paper sculptures of cubism. paper shale n. Geology shale which readily splits into very thin, paper-like laminae. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale > others till1672 bass1686 bat1686 blue metal1699 scallop slate1711 black shale1730 shale-shiver1794 shale1825 till-stonec1830 Wenlock shale1834 famp1836 Boghead1858 oil shale1866 paper shale1874 symon1881 paste-rock1882 slasto1953 1874 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 425 Next below these, black paper shales, with many fossils and a bone-bed. 1931 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 168. 7/2 ‘Paper shale’ is the term applied to finely laminated claystones, siltstones, mudstones, and marlstones that show a pronounced tendency to part along the closely spaced bedding planes. 1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain 161 We came up through the debris of three cordilleras, through repetitive sandstones and paper shales. paper-shelled adj. having a very thin, fragile shell. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having a shell > having a very thin shell paper-shelled1753 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [adjective] > of or relating to a shell > having a shell > of a certain kind hard-shelled1599 shelled1611 hardshell1670 softshell1670 paper-shelled1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nautilus Paper-shelled nautilus. 1881 P. Henderson Handbk. Plants 13/1 at Amygdalus The several varieties [of almond], such as hard, soft, or paper shelled, have all originated from A. communis. 1946 National Geographic Mag. Apr. 526/2 Immediately after molting the animal [sc. a lobster] is soft-shelled. In a few days it is paper-shelled. 2002 MX (Melbourne) (Nexis) 24 Oct. 19 The local nuts in season include Yarra Valley hazelnuts and paper shelled almonds. † paper-shelled nautilus n. Obsolete = paper nautilus n. ΚΠ 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nautilus The polypus is by no means to be confounded with the paper-shelled nautilus. paper shredder n. a machine for tearing up sheets of paper, esp. confidential documents, into small unreadable pieces. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > other types of cutting equipment > [noun] > shredder > for paper ticket chopper1898 shredder1950 paper shredder1962 1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File xxx. 195 A small machine like a typewriter carriage. It was a paper shredder. Jay fed the sheet in and pressed a button. It disappeared. 1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 6/1 The Council has installed an industrial-sized paper shredder at Rova Head where the public can have documents destroyed quickly and safely. paper-shredding adj. that shreds paper into small unreadable pieces. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > other types of cutting equipment > [adjective] > shredder paper-shredding1939 1939 Fortune Oct. 63/2 (caption) This is a paper-shredding machine. Wastepaper is saved and reworked to conserve the paper supply. 1998 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Aug. (Features section) 9 Colonel Oliver North's glamorous, paper-shredding accomplice. paper shuffler n. colloquial and derogatory (originally U.S.) a person whose job involves excessive paperwork, esp. of a routine or bureaucratic nature (cf. paper-pusher n. 2). ΚΠ 1975 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 10 Mar. 18 Those who are leaving the Government are not the rank and file of federal workers—‘not just paper shufflers’ as one concerned Congressman put it. 2000 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 134/2 He soon found that he'd penetrated a world of overprotected paper shufflers and butt coverers. paper-shuffling n. (a) routine, unnecessary, or excessive paperwork, red tape; (b) illegal or unethical financial transactions disguised by misleading paperwork, creative accounting, etc. ΚΠ 1952 Congress. Rec. 7 Feb. 932/2 It is clear that there is a tremendous amount of waste in unnecessary printing in almost every department of Government... There is entirely too much paper shuffling. 1996 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 14 May 1 Results on the ground should take precedence over bureaucratic paper-shuffling. paper spar n. Geology rare calcite occurring as very thin plates. ΚΠ 1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i Paper-spar = slate-spar. 1939 W. Huebner Geol. & Allied Sci. I. 248 Papierspat, paper spar. † paper-stealth n. Obsolete literary piracy, plagiarism. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > want of originality > plagiarism stealtha1568 plagiuma1620 plagiarism1621 plagiary1630 paper-stealth1647 plagiary-shipa1661 plagiarization1884 1647 H. More Philos. Poems i. ii. xxxix The words that he by paper-stealth had got. paper stock n. raw material from which paper is made. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] paper stock1862 stock1873 furnish1920 1862 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 11 Oct. 35/1 The bags are rarely used more than once before they fall into the hands of the rag-merchants and paper-makers. In this condition they constitute the cheapest paper stock to be found in the market. 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes vii. 266 Quick~set inks are also used when printing on coated paper stock. 1994 Harper's Mag. Apr. 75/3 HQ never put on airs:..though its paper stock changed from yellow to white,..the fifty-third issue of the quarterly looked just as rinky-dink as the first. paper streamer n. a long narrow strip of coloured paper used as a decoration, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > paper-chains or streamers streamer1857 paper streamer1868 paper ribbon1876 paper chain1943 1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xxii. 317 Out in the garden stood a stately snow-maiden, crowned with holly,..a Christmas carol issuing from her lips, on a pink paper streamer. 1930 A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xxv. 373 It was a Gala Night; and the waiters were distributing paper streamers, balloons, dolls, squeakers and fans. 1992 I. Banks Crow Road vii. 177 Wreathed in silly string and clumps and strands of paper streamers from party poppers,..she enveloped me in a very friendly kiss. † paper-table n. Obsolete a sheet or leaf of paper. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > sheet of writing paper1477 throughc1500 sheet1510 paper-table1605 sheetling1817 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 183 Blush not (my Booke)..To beare about vpon thy paper-Tables [Fr. paints sur ton blanc papier], Flies, Butterflies, Gnats, Bees, and all the rables Of other Insects. paper taffeta n. a lightweight taffeta with a crisp, papery finish. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [noun] > taffeta > types of Tours taffeta1558 tuftaffeta1567 gum-taffeta1738 paper taffeta1957 1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 344/1 Paper taffeta, crisp lightweight taffeta with a somewhat papery feel. 1988 A. S. Byatt Still Life (BNC) 5 I thought paper taffeta had gone forever..when we all took to glazed cotton. paper tape n. tape made of paper, esp. used for representing data by means of punched holes; cf. perforated tape n. at perforated adj. Compounds, punched tape n. at punched adj.¹ Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > punch card or tape punched paper1860 punch card1881 punched tape1885 paper tape1890 perforated tape1890 punched card1890 master card1937 tape1945 1890 Electrician 4 July 233/2 Each of these styles can be pressed against the paper tape by the armature of a corresponding electromagnet. 1961 Times 3 Oct. (Computer Suppl.) p. vi/4 Each day the paper-tape readers feed into the computer more than nine million characters relating to long-distance calls. 2000 A. E. Sale in R. Rojas & U. Hashagen First Computers iv. 357 The Colossus computer... Colossus read teleprinter characters, in the international Baudot code, at 5,000 characters per second from a paper tape. paper-thin adj. extremely thin; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > thinness > [adjective] > very thin fine-drawn1840 waferish1866 tissuey1867 wafery1880 wafer-thina1911 paper-thin1929 micro-thin1945 skin-thin1946 1929 E. Bowen Last September vii. 85 The door went paper~thin as they raised their voices. 1976 Liverpool Echo 24 Nov. 5/4 The Government's paper-thin majority. 2002 Times 21 Feb. ii. 22/3 Against the massed White forces Black's kingside defences are paper thin and one move crumples them immediately. paper tissue n. tissue paper; (also) a paper handkerchief. ΚΠ 1888 G. Barlow Pageant of Life 209 Down will crumble walls like paper tissue, When hoarse riot charges like the sea. 1994 J. Galloway Foreign Parts v. 61 Cassie reached over, poking a paper tissue at the stain. paper towel n. a small disposable towel made of absorbent paper. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > rubbing with towel > towel > paper towel kitchen towel1744 paper towel1916 1916 Vanity Fair May 81/2 I..recorded such evidence as will prove the parking scheme the greatest boon to mankind since the failure generally to adopt the paper towel. 1943 D. Baker Trio i. 55 She jerked a paper towel off the roller and did a careful job of drying. 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 June 126/4 Let potatoes soak for an hour, then drain in a colander and pat them dry with a paper towel. paper tower n. now historical the part of a Monotype machine in which the perforated paper tape is held. ΚΠ 1916 Monotype Syst. (Lanston Monotype Machine Co.) Gloss. p. lxvi Paper Tower... The mechanism of both the Keyboard and Casting Machine..that carries the paper ribbon and advances it one marginal perforation for each character, or space, struck at the Keyboard or cast at the Casting Machine. 1951 S. Jennett Making of Bks. iv. 68 Above the keybank is the paper-tower, in which is a roll of paper perforated along the edges like cine-film. paper town n. North American (a) a town that is planned but not actually founded; (b) a town or city supported by the papermaking industry. ΚΠ 1819 E. Evans Pedestrious Tour 228 On this river too is General Simcoe's paper town called London. 1856 W. A. Phillips Conquest of Kansas 118 [He went] to Lecompton, then merely a paper town without a house. 1957 B. Hutchison Canada 307 Logging camps, mills, paper towns, the new aluminium town of Kitimat..pour their products into Vancouver. 1971 P. Berton Last Spike i. iii. 29 ‘I don't see any town,’ Canning said, as he climbed down. ‘Well it is only a paper town yet,’ his acquaintance replied. paper trail n. (a) a trail marked with paper, esp. one followed by runners in a paperchase; (b) originally and chiefly U.S. a series of documents giving evidence on, information about, or verification regarding a particular issue, person, or thing. ΚΠ 1868 T. Hood Lost Link I. v. 73 It's just ‘hare and hounds’, all the world over. Your hare takes big jumps.., but he drops a paper trail wherever he goes, and you're sure to get up with him at last. 1935 S. Chase Govt. in Business 61 Always at the end of the checks and double checks of the paper trail, was a man. 1975 N.Y. Times 11 June 42 By August, 1973, when C.I.A. Director Colby virtually halted this project ‘the paper trail left by Operation CHAOS included somewhere in the area of 13,000 files on subjects and individuals.’ 1985 Times 4 Sept. 21/5 The first cross-country clubs..were designated ‘Hare and Hounds’, the hare setting a paper trail for the hounds to follow. 1996 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Apr. b2/6 Two agents with the Internal Revenue Service..pieced together the paper trail from bank statements and canceled checks. paper tree n. any of various trees and shrubs having bark from which paper is made, as the paper mulberry and various members of the genus Edgeworthia (family Thymelaceae), or bark that peels in papery layers, as the paperbark tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in paper, glass, or pottery manufacture > [noun] > paper-plant or -tree paper tree1727 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan i. ix. 114 The Kadsi, or Paper-tree [Ger. Papierbaum], is of the Mulberry Kind. 1837 G. F. Moore Evidences Inland Sea 9 Each family had its separate hut soon completed from the ready materials of blackboy spears and paper-tree bark. 1926 Foreign Plant Dis. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 66 Edgeworthia. Paper tree. Ornamental shrubs grown for their yellow flowers. paper war n. an acrimonious feud or argument conducted in print; a war restricted to written threats, accusations, etc. ΚΠ 1710 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1873) II. 319 On the Paper-War betwixt High and Low Church. 1846 G. G. Meade Let. 26 Jan. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 47 I have no idea we will ever get a fight out of them; it will be a paper war entirely. 1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 141/2 In 1721–2 he waded into the paper war over the so-called ‘Bangorian controversy’ initiated by the sermon on church government by Benjamin Hoadly, bishop of Bangor. paperware n. articles made of paper or (esp. in early use) papier mâché. ΚΠ 1885 N.Y.'s Great Industries (Edwards & Critten) (new ed.) 29 Atlan. Highland Paperware Co. 1925 G. Dickinson Eng. Papier-mâché i. 3 In 1772 Henry Clay, japanner, of Birmingham, invented a material which had certain heat-resisting properties, that made it suitable for japanning or lacquering processes. The body of the material was made by pasting sheets of paper together, and the articles made from it were called ‘paper ware’. 1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 8/1 The craze for making ‘Paper-ware’ spread from the 17th to the 19th century, when recipes for making and decorating bowls, vases and plates, were printed in such papers as the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’. 2003 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch (Nexis) 17 Feb. d9 They will provide cakes, special-occasion cakes, ice cream, plasticware, paperware, cards, candles and balloons. paper warfare n. the conducting of a paper war; paper wars collectively. ΚΠ 1718 N. Amhurst Protestant Popery 5 A Priestly-War I sing, and bloodless Field, And pious Chiefs, in Paper Warfare skill'd. 1869 M. H. Smith Sunshine & Shadow 658 Conservatives and Radicals..after unbending for an hour, go back to their several dens to renew the paper warfare. 1963 D. Ogilvy Confessions Advertising Man (1964) i. 15 I abhor people who wage paper-warfare. 2003 AAP Newsfeed (Nexis) 27 Feb. He had already taken his complaints to every external and internal body possible... But all it had led to was ‘paper warfare’, with complaints being passed back and forth. † paper-washing n. Photography Obsolete rare water in which silver prints have been washed (esp. before toning), often containing a considerable amount of silver.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. 4268/3 Paper-washing,..water which has been used to wash prints, especially the first changes of water in which silver prints have been washed before toning. paper wasp n. any of various wasps that construct nests of a papery substance made from wood fragments moistened into paste; spec. a social wasp of the genus Polistes. ΚΠ 1853 F. A. Rauch Psychol. ii. 44 The paper wasp builds its nest of pasteboard fabricated by its own ingenuity. 1941 R. Headstrom Adventures with Microscope xxiv. 86 We manufacture paper—so do the paper wasps. 2002 Connecticut Wildlife Mar.–Apr. 9/1 Cavity nesting birds may be facing a new threat..in the form of the European paper wasp (Polistes dominulus). paper window n. a window in which paper is used instead of glass. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun] > window > specific filled with paper or cloth paper window1580 sash1687 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn Chassis, a paper window. 1857 R. Fortune Resid. among Chinese xiii. 272 Daylight was streaming through the paper window. 1997 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 12 Feb. 1 t Gourmet establishments that glow with candlelight through paper windows. paper-windowed adj. fitted with paper windows. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [adjective] > window > having paper windows paper-windowed1889 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 2/2 We were shown to a clean paper-windowed room. 1995 Africa News (Nexis) Mar. Lagos is..a city where zinc-walled, paper-windowed shacks tremble in the concrete shadows of ultra-modern skyscrapers. † paper worm n. Obsolete (a) a person who wastes or ruins paper (cf. bookworm n. 2); (b) = bookworm n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > one devoted to reading bookworm1580 helluo librorum1635 paper worm1646 reading machine1809 bibliophagist1881 1646 M. Nedham Independencie no Schisme To Rdr. sig. A2^v Have a little patience; for I must needs throw away some Ink upon this Paper-worme, this great benefactor to the Magazine of waste paper. 1650 Mercurius Politicus No. 7. 100 In my opinion, next to Wil. Pryn, and the Mercurial Pamphleters, this old Doctor is one of the greatest Paper-worms that ever crept into a Closet, or a Library. 1812 I. D'Israeli Calamities of Authors II. 110 Prynne..proved himself to be one of the greatest paper worms which ever crept into old books and mouldy records.] paper yabber n. [ < Australian Aboriginal English: see yabber n.] Australian (now rare) a written message, a letter or newspaper. ΚΠ 1887 ‘Overlander’ Austral. Sketches 24 I determined to send him off first with a paper yabber to the other stockman telling him where we had gone. 1968 W. Linklater & L. Tapp Gather no Moss 76 They carried paper yabbas (letters, usually held in a cleft stick) in accident and sickness. Derivatives ˈpaperlike adj. ΚΠ 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 93 Paper-like walls. 1857 M. Gatty Parables 2nd Ser. 33 Little pieces of his delicate paper-like bark. 2003 Detroit Free Press (Nexis) 2 Dec. Peel the paperlike skin from around the bulb of garlic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). paperv. Brit. /ˈpeɪpə/, U.S. /ˈpeɪpər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: paper n. Etymology: < paper n. Compare earlier papering n. With senses 2 and 3 compare earlier papered adj. 1. transitive. To write or set down on paper; to write about, describe in writing. In later use chiefly Scottish: to publish a notice for or about. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing adighteOE to set on writea900 dightc1000 writeOE brevea1225 layc1330 indite1340 take1418 annote1449 printa1450 scribe1465 redact?a1475 reduce1485 letter1504 recite1523 to commit to writing (also paper)1529 pen1530 reduce?1533 token up1535 scripture1540 titulea1550 to set down1562 quote1573 to put down1574 paper1594 to write down1594 apprehend1611 fix1630 exarate1656 depose1668 put1910 society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)] > express in written work or write about writeOE inditea1340 pena1527 pursue1558 to lay down1583 discur1586 paper1594 style1605 word1613 exercisea1616 bescribble1643 describble1794 bewrite1875 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 225 Foorthwith then ech ones name is papered. 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxx. 337 Set Is the soueraigne Sonne did shine when paperd laste our penne. 1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 341 How farther to deale with them I will not paper with my sence therein. 1866 F. T. Buckland Curiosities Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. 26 A lady..asked him if he was Robinson Crusoe that Mr. Buckland had papered. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xix. 185 I'll have to paper your friend from the lowlands. 1903 S. Macplowter Mrs. McCraw 33 Noo, be carefu' what ye're up till, or shair as daith A'll paper ye. 1914 N. Munro New Road xxxvi He might appear at any hour, though he was papered, and find out how he had been wronged! 2. †a. transitive. To enclose in or cover with paper; to parcel up with paper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > make internal or interior [verb (transitive)] > line > with paper paper1683 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > in or as in specific material brat1570 ensindon1609 paper1683 repaper1785 turban1822 flax1860 burlap1908 plastic wrap1946 wire-wrap1957 shrink-wrap1969 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 196 The Boy Papers up each sort in a Cartridge by it self. 1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 6 Put 'em in Pots or Glasses, paper 'em close. 1871 3rd Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland 33 in Parl. Papers (C. 329) XXXIII. 373 The following, being unsuitable for the cartons, have been papered and indorsed. b. transitive. Entomology. To preserve (an insect specimen, esp. a butterfly) in a triangular envelope made of folded paper. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [verb (transitive)] > insects > preserve in specific way amber1842 paper1937 1937 [implied in: C. Longfield Dragonflies Brit. Isles 27 Preserving the brilliant colours after death is extraordinarily difficult, and for that reason a ‘pinned’ or ‘papered’ collection of dragonflies is often very disappointing. (at papered adj. 2)]. 1955 R. Wagstaffe & J. H. Fidler Preservation Nat. Hist. Specimens I. 186 Specimens may often have to be stored for considerable periods before they can be set to form part of the permanent collection. The usual method of storing such specimens is to ‘paper’ them. 1976 R. Dickson Lepidopterist's Handbk. ii. 8 Moths may be papered but the results are never quite so satisfactory. 3. a. transitive. To line with paper. Now rare. ΚΠ 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 199 Of Papering and Laying the Case. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 199 The other sides of the Box, he Papers so smooth and tight. 1779 Farmer's Mag. Oct. 311 Put the cake into the hoop..which must be papered at the bottom, and buttered. 1992 Seattle Times 24 Aug. b1 Yesterday's column is good for something besides papering the bottom of a bird cage. b. transitive. To decorate (a wall, room, house, etc.) with, or as if with, wallpaper.In quot. 1774: †to be used as decoration for (a wall) (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > decorating and painting > decorate [verb (transitive)] > paper paper1730 wallpaper1934 1730 New-England Weekly Jrnl. 26 Oct. 2/2 Good Dutch Tiles of various Figures for Chimneys, also Stampt Paper in Rolls for to Paper Rooms. 1763 in H. M. Brooks Gleanings 34 Benjamin Russell..undertakes Papering Rooms and Stair-Cases in the best Manner. 1774 Westm. Mag. 2 95 Bills plaister posts, songs paper ev'ry wall. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 170 Walls..may be papered immediately. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxviii. 303 Acres and acres of walls and ceilings fairly papered with them [sc. old masters]. 1884 G. Allen Philistia I. 164 I've had my room papered again since you saw it last. 1912 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Aug. 17/2 The other rooms look longer. Some of them I painted and papered myself. 1988 M. Spark Far Cry from Kensington i. 10 Mr. Turinny papered walls, with the paper laid out on a trestle work-table. 2000 Seattle Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. b1 Some [historical homes] are so old they have..walls papered with newspapers detailing President Lincoln's assassination. †c. transitive. To keep out with paper. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1855 Mrs. H. A. Ropes Six Months Kansas (1856) 87 We must paper out the cold wind. †d. transitive. Bookbinding. To paste the endpapers and flyleaves at the beginning and end of (a volume) before putting on the cover. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > filing, polishing, or smoothing tool planea1398 pumicea1425 roll?1523 plain1535 pounce1580 file1616 smooth-file1683 plane1726 sandpaper1846 pumice-stone1851 paper1875 lap1881 sand1928 society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > line cover with end-paper or fly-leaves paste1561 paper1875 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 423 The books..having been..‘folded, collated, placed and sewn’, and afterwards ‘papered’. e. transitive. To plaster with posters, advertisements, etc.; (figurative) to deluge with propaganda or promotional material. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up placard, notice, or bill on screena1664 placard1813 bill1821 post1854 fly-post1903 paper1908 1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd v. iv. 202 Have you seen What the Allies have papered Europe with? 1978 Washington Post 23 July a26/6 The streets and buildings of many Nicaraguan cities and villages are papered with opposition posters and graffiti. 1987 Nation's Business Feb. 59/1 Fry papered colleagues at 3M with samples, drumming up support, and by late 1975 the product was an in-house hit. 1989 Independent 5 Jan. 25/4 Mr North has been ‘papering the town’, showering subpoenas..on anyone who is or was anyone in the Reagan administration. f. intransitive. figurative. To conceal temporarily, cover over; to disguise, hide, or suppress. Esp. in to paper over the cracks: see crack n. 7f. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep quiet about [phrase] > with temporary expedient paper1910 to paper over the cracks1910 1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 871/2 Neither power was quite prepared for war, and..the convention of Gastein, to use Bismarck's phrase, ‘papered over the cracks’. 1955 Times 16 Nov. 10/5 This document was treated by the western Ministers as no more than an attempt to paper over the complete divergence in policy. 1974 Times 6 Apr. 1/2 Mrs Meir has persuaded the party previously to paper over such differences. 1990 Games Rev. Jan. 8/2 Anyone who is going to play this variant will be able to paper over any minor problems that might arise. 4. transitive. Theatre slang. To fill (a theatre, etc.) by giving out free tickets. Chiefly in to paper the house (house n.¹ 4c). Cf. paper n. 14. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [verb (transitive)] > fill with free passes paper1859 dress1896 1859 E. Fitzball Thirty-five Years Dramatic Author's Life II. 113 The second night comes, the unfailing ‘Lady of Lyons’... House well papered, but badly gilt—calls similar. 1885 Punch 31 Jan. 53/2 When on the first night of a new piece the house is badly ‘papered’, the effect is likely to be fatal. 1909 Daily Chron. 25 June 5/5 We see no wisdom in ‘papering’ this huge auditorium. At the last festival no fewer than 8,000 ‘deadheads’ formed part of the audience. 1973 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 26 July 9/5 Surely the theatre could..at least have ‘papered’ the house with complementary guests for the opening if the box office was looking so poorly. 1993 Guardian 2 Sept. ii. 2/5 Some Times staff fear they will be dragooned along to paper the house. †5. transitive. To supply with paper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [verb (transitive)] > supply or furnish with paper paper1883 1883 N.Y. Evening Post 13 May The paper-manufactures are able to paper the country for a year in..less than a year. 1890 Sat. Rev. 10 May 583/1 Two stately volumes, very handsomely printed, papered, and otherwise got up. 6. transitive and intransitive. U.S. slang. To pass forged cheques to; to defraud by passing forged cheques. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1925 Flynn's 7 Mar. 191/2 Paper,..to pass worthless or forged checks. 1941 Amer. Speech 16 248/2 To paper the burg, to pass a quantity of forged checks. 1958 Daily News (N.Y.) 16 Apr. 60 Helped by phony..credentials and a blonde, a former stable boy..papered Queens and Long Island with $10,000 to $15,000 worth of bum checks. 1976 V. J. Scott & D. Koski Walk-in xi. 63 I want to know that this is Li we're dealing with and not some ringer they've papered on us. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1341v.1594
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papern.adj.

Compounds

Derivatives

paperv.