panyarv.

Brit.

/pəˈnjɑː/, U.S.

/pəˈnjɑr/

Forms: 1600s paniard, 1600s pannayer, 1600s pannyar, 1600s pigniar, 1600s–1700s paniar, 1600s– panyar, 1700s panniar, 1700s panyer, 1700s panyere.

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Portuguese penhorar, pinorar.

Etymology: < Portuguese penhorar to distrain, seize as a pledge or security (1255 as pinorar; compare penhor pawn (1262)) < classical Latin pignorāre , pignerāre to give as a pledge, pledge, pawn (see pignorate v.), in post-classical Latin also to take in pledge (from 6th cent.), to plunder, invade an enemy's lands (early 14th cent.).

Now historical.

transitive. Originally in West Africa: to seize as a guarantee or security; to seize as plunder, to steal; spec. to kidnap as a slave.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)]

pick?c1300

takec1300

fetch1377

bribec1405

usurpc1412

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

embezzle1495

lifta1529

pilfer1532

suffurate1542

convey?1545

mill1567

prig1567

strike1567

lag1573

shave1585

knave1601

twitch1607

cly1610

asport1621

pinch1632

snapa1639

nap1665

panyar1681

to carry off1684

to pick up1687

thievea1695

to gipsy away1696

bone1699

make1699

win1699

magg1762

snatch1766

to make off with1768

snavel1795

feck1809

shake1811

nail1819

geach1821

pull1821

to run off1821

smug1825

nick1826

abduct1831

swag1846

nobble1855

reef1859

snig1862

find1865

to pull off1865

cop1879

jump1879

slock1888

swipe1889

snag1895

rip1904

snitch1904

pole1906

glom1907

boost1912

hot-stuff1914

score1914

clifty1918

to knock off1919

snoop1924

heist1930

hoist1931

rabbit1943

to rip off1967

to have off1974

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > kidnapping or abduction > kidnap or abduct [verb (transitive)] > into slavery

spirit1657

panyar1681

blackbirda1889

1681 R. Thelwall Let. 13 Feb. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 93 Nay they wonte lett a cannoe passe by for Accra or too Accra butt they will pannayer itt.

1683 D. Harper Let. 26 Apr. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 59 News was brought that they were panyard by one of the Kings couzens.

1704 in Jrnl. Negro Hist. (1928) 13 292 If he did not give them Satisfaction they would panyar him ashoare.

1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates xiv. 309 He had, by a Misfortune usual at that part of the Coast, his Mate, Surgeon, and two more of his Men, Panyarr'd by the Negroes.

1744 W. Smith's New Voy. Guinea 99 To panyar is to kidnap, or steal men.

1853 B. Cruickshank Eighteen Years on Gold Coast I. v. 98 He threw the guns over the batteries, and released a number of Cape Coast prisoners, who had been panyarred by the Dutch at Appam.

1904 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 3 328 Coffi was further panyarred upon by the relatives of the dead pawn.

1977 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 18 16 In 1688 while on a visit to Shama he was panyarred by the Dutch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	panyar
释义	panyarv. Brit. /pəˈnjɑː/, U.S. /pəˈnjɑr/ Forms: 1600s paniard, 1600s pannayer, 1600s pannyar, 1600s pigniar, 1600s–1700s paniar, 1600s– panyar, 1700s panniar, 1700s panyer, 1700s panyere. Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Portuguese penhorar, pinorar. Etymology: < Portuguese penhorar to distrain, seize as a pledge or security (1255 as pinorar; compare penhor pawn (1262)) < classical Latin pignorāre , pignerāre to give as a pledge, pledge, pawn (see pignorate v.), in post-classical Latin also to take in pledge (from 6th cent.), to plunder, invade an enemy's lands (early 14th cent.). Now historical. transitive. Originally in West Africa: to seize as a guarantee or security; to seize as plunder, to steal; spec. to kidnap as a slave. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] pick?c1300 takec1300 fetch1377 bribec1405 usurpc1412 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 embezzle1495 lifta1529 pilfer1532 suffurate1542 convey?1545 mill1567 prig1567 strike1567 lag1573 shave1585 knave1601 twitch1607 cly1610 asport1621 pinch1632 snapa1639 nap1665 panyar1681 to carry off1684 to pick up1687 thievea1695 to gipsy away1696 bone1699 make1699 win1699 magg1762 snatch1766 to make off with1768 snavel1795 feck1809 shake1811 nail1819 geach1821 pull1821 to run off1821 smug1825 nick1826 abduct1831 swag1846 nobble1855 reef1859 snig1862 find1865 to pull off1865 cop1879 jump1879 slock1888 swipe1889 snag1895 rip1904 snitch1904 pole1906 glom1907 boost1912 hot-stuff1914 score1914 clifty1918 to knock off1919 snoop1924 heist1930 hoist1931 rabbit1943 to rip off1967 to have off1974 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > kidnapping or abduction > kidnap or abduct [verb (transitive)] > into slavery spirit1657 panyar1681 blackbirda1889 1681 R. Thelwall Let. 13 Feb. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 93 Nay they wonte lett a cannoe passe by for Accra or too Accra butt they will pannayer itt. 1683 D. Harper Let. 26 Apr. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 59 News was brought that they were panyard by one of the Kings couzens. 1704 in Jrnl. Negro Hist. (1928) 13 292 If he did not give them Satisfaction they would panyar him ashoare. 1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates xiv. 309 He had, by a Misfortune usual at that part of the Coast, his Mate, Surgeon, and two more of his Men, Panyarr'd by the Negroes. 1744 W. Smith's New Voy. Guinea 99 To panyar is to kidnap, or steal men. 1853 B. Cruickshank Eighteen Years on Gold Coast I. v. 98 He threw the guns over the batteries, and released a number of Cape Coast prisoners, who had been panyarred by the Dutch at Appam. 1904 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 3 328 Coffi was further panyarred upon by the relatives of the dead pawn. 1977 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 18 16 In 1688 while on a visit to Shama he was panyarred by the Dutch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1681
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