Panchama Bandhamn.

Brit.

/ˌpantʃəmə ˈbandəm/, U.S.

/ˈˌpɑntʃ(ə)mə ˈbɑnd(ə)m/

Forms: 1800s Pancham Bandam, 1800s Panchum Bundum, 1800s– Panchum Bandum, 1900s– Panchama Bandham.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Tamil. Partly a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Tamil pañcamapantam; Sanskrit pañcama-bandha.

Etymology: < Tamil pañcamapantam and its etymon late Sanskrit pañcama-bandha fifth caste ( < Sanskrit pañcama (see Panchama n.) + bandha bondage (in the sense that caste is viewed as the bondage of one's birth) < bandh- bind v.), a South Indian (probably Jain) variant of Sanskrit pañcamā jāti, literally ‘fifth birth’.

Now historical.

In South India: the fifth and lowest social rank in Hindu society, traditionally considered to be outside the four caste divisions of the varna system, comprising the groups now known as Scheduled Castes or Dalits; (collectively) the members of this class. Cf. Panchama n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun]

laga1616

raff1673

Panchama Bandham1800

lower working class1824

proletariat1852

mudsill1858

netherworld1889

underworld1899

subproletariat1918

underclass1918

lumpenproletariat1924

Fifth Estate1966

Fourth World1976

1800 F. Buchanan Jrnl. 30 Apr. in Journey from Madras (1807) I. i. 19 Their farms they chiefly cultivate by slaves of the inferiour casts, called Súdra, and Panchum Bundum. The Panchum Bundum are by far the most hardy and laborious people of the country.

1874 Madras Census Rep. 1871 I. xi. 168 We now come to that great division of the people, spoken of by themselves as the ‘fifth caste’, and described by Buchanan and other writers as the Pancham Bandam.

1909 E. Thurston Castes & Tribes S. India VI. 44 The Government ruled that there is no objection to the proposal that Paraiyas and kindred classes should be designated Panchama Bandham or Panchama in future, but it would be simpler to style them the fifth class.

1996 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 2 5 Panchum Bandum consisted of four ‘tribes: the Parriar, the Baluan, the Shecliar, and the Toti’.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	panchama bandham
释义	Panchama Bandhamn. Brit. /ˌpantʃəmə ˈbandəm/, U.S. /ˈˌpɑntʃ(ə)mə ˈbɑnd(ə)m/ Forms: 1800s Pancham Bandam, 1800s Panchum Bundum, 1800s– Panchum Bandum, 1900s– Panchama Bandham. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Tamil. Partly a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Tamil pañcamapantam; Sanskrit pañcama-bandha. Etymology: < Tamil pañcamapantam and its etymon late Sanskrit pañcama-bandha fifth caste ( < Sanskrit pañcama (see Panchama n.) + bandha bondage (in the sense that caste is viewed as the bondage of one's birth) < bandh- bind v.), a South Indian (probably Jain) variant of Sanskrit pañcamā jāti, literally ‘fifth birth’. Now historical. In South India: the fifth and lowest social rank in Hindu society, traditionally considered to be outside the four caste divisions of the varna system, comprising the groups now known as Scheduled Castes or Dalits; (collectively) the members of this class. Cf. Panchama n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] laga1616 raff1673 Panchama Bandham1800 lower working class1824 proletariat1852 mudsill1858 netherworld1889 underworld1899 subproletariat1918 underclass1918 lumpenproletariat1924 Fifth Estate1966 Fourth World1976 1800 F. Buchanan Jrnl. 30 Apr. in Journey from Madras (1807) I. i. 19 Their farms they chiefly cultivate by slaves of the inferiour casts, called Súdra, and Panchum Bundum. The Panchum Bundum are by far the most hardy and laborious people of the country. 1874 Madras Census Rep. 1871 I. xi. 168 We now come to that great division of the people, spoken of by themselves as the ‘fifth caste’, and described by Buchanan and other writers as the Pancham Bandam. 1909 E. Thurston Castes & Tribes S. India VI. 44 The Government ruled that there is no objection to the proposal that Paraiyas and kindred classes should be designated Panchama Bandham or Panchama in future, but it would be simpler to style them the fifth class. 1996 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 2 5 Panchum Bandum consisted of four ‘tribes: the Parriar, the Baluan, the Shecliar, and the Toti’. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1800
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