papyrusn.

Brit.

/pəˈpʌɪrəs/, U.S.

/pəˈpaɪrəs/

Inflections: Plural papyri Brit.

/pəˈpʌɪrʌɪ/, U.S.

/pəˈpaɪri/,

/pəˈpaɪˌraɪ/, papyruses.

Forms: Middle English–1600s papirus, Middle English– papyrus.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin papȳrus.

Etymology: < classical Latin papȳrus the papyrus or paper-reed of the Nile, also writing-material made of it < Hellenistic Greek πάπυρος the papyrus-reed, also textiles, etc., made from it; of uncertain origin. Compare Italian papiro (a1320), Old Occitan papiri (c1350).

1. A tall aquatic flowering sedge, Cyperus papyrus, native to central Africa and the Nile valley, which has stems up to 10 feet (approx. 3 metres) high carrying large terminal umbels of flowering spikelets, and has been used from ancient times as a source of writing material and for other purposes (see sense 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants

papyrusa1398

paper plant1597

paper reed1597

paper-rush1608

sea-willow1807

paper-

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 241^v Papirus is a maner Russhe þat is druyed to tende fuyre.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xviii. 2 The lond..that sendith messangeris..in vessels of papirus [gloss papirus is a kynde of spier, so greet that botis mowen be maad therof, as summen seye; a1382 E.V. resshi vesseles] on watris.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.i Papyrus groweth not in Englande, it hath the facion of a greate Docke... It maye be called in englishe water paper, or herbe paper.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 56 Papirus or the Rush of Ægypt.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey (1632) 102 The sedgie reeds which grow in the marishes of Ægypt, called formerly Papyri, of which they made paper.

1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed sig. E2^v Some hold the name [sc. paper] doth from a Rush proceed, Which on Egyptian Nilus bankes doth breed: Which Rush is call'd Papirus for on it Th' Egiptian people oftentimes had writ.

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Paper Besides Paper, they made sails, ropes, and other naval rigging; as also mats, blankets, clothes, and even ships, of the stalk of the Papyrus.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi iii. 82 The shore..was covered with reeds and papyrus.

1892 Amer. Naturalist 26 238 As far as the eye could reach could be seen a great abundance of lagoons and watercourses fringed with papyrus and palms.

1949 P. Bowles Sheltering Sky (1981) i. xi. 82 In the gardens below, the..high stalks of papyrus moved slightly.

1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) xii. 235/1 Extensive mats of water hyacinths, paspalum, and papyrus line the banks of many tropical rivers.

2. As a count noun: a manuscript or document written on material made from the papyrus plant (see sense 3).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > kind of book > manuscript book > [noun]

manuscript book1593

manuscript1600

MS1601

codex1661

papyrus1697

society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on papyrus

papyrus1697

1697 H. Wanley Let. 25 July 66 He would think it a lasting obligation to you if he could compass a sight of the Fragmen[t] of the Gospells in Capitals written on the Ægyptian Papyrus, [ex]stant in the Cottonian Library.

1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 504 A single volume of the Papyrus is unfolded, which is that which treats of musick.

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xii. 430 The first Papyrus was at length unrolled, and proved to be a Treatise of Music.

1828 R. Duppa Trav. Italy 98 In this Museum is carried on the operation of unrolling the ancient papyri.

1863 Ld. Lytton Ring of Amasis I. ii. i. v. 267 This mummy was accompanied by a papyrus.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 520/1 Even in the Leiden papyrus the astronomical symbols for the sun and moon are used to denote gold and silver.

1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. i. iv. 114 Two late mathematical papyri,..as well as Coptic ostraca from Wādī Sarga (near Asyūt)..contain unmistakable examples of Egyptian computation.

1986 Times 13 May 10/5 Papyruses that have been deciphered and published during the past 200 years are being re-examined and re-edited with the aid of powerful microscopes.

3. A material made from the papyrus plant, used originally by the ancient Egyptians and later by the Greeks, Romans, etc., chiefly formed into sheets for writing and painting on. Also used for making rope, sandals, etc.To form a sheet of writing material, the stem of the papyrus plant was sliced into thin strips which were laid side by side, with another layer of similar strips crossing them, usually followed by a third parallel to the first. The whole was then soaked in water, pressed, and dried.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > papyrus > [noun]

reeds1551

papyr1601

biblus1656

papyrus1724

1724 H. Wanley Diary 14 Jan. (1966) II. 267 Leaves in folio, written in fine Capital Letters about 1100 years ago, upon Aegyptian Papyrus.

1790 M. O. Warren Poems, Dramatic & Misc. 228 On the smooth papyrus of ancient times, Nature's bright charms, I'd paint in simple rhymes.

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xii. 430 Ancient manuscripts written on Papyrus, both in Greek and Latin.

1827 T. Moore Epicurean xvi. 251 Planks..bound rudely together with bands of papyrus.

1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile xv. 397 These invaluable letters, written on papyrus in the hieratic character.

1912 E. M. Thompson Introd. Greek & Lat. Palaeogr. 25 After their conquest of Egypt in the seventh century, the Arabs continued the manufacture of papyrus.

1962 H. R. Loyn Anglo-Saxon Eng. ii. 69 The gold coinage, papyrus, fine stuffs and spices point to the existence of a luxury-loving aristocracy.

1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xii. 391 In the early Egyptian dynasties women made diaperlike wraps of papyrus.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

papyrus fragment n.

ΚΠ

1861 F. H. A. Scrivener Plain Introd. Crit. New Test. p. viii We have not named in the body of this work the papyrus fragments of St Matthew and St James, said to have been unrolled by M. Simonides.

1991 Hist. & Computing 3 17/2 This important papyrus fragment was studied and translated by prominent Egyptologists and was pronounced to be part of the Egyptian Book of Breathings.

papyrus leaf n.

ΚΠ

1813 M. Edgeworth Let. 1 May (1971) 34 We saw the MS written on papyrus leaves.

1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur iv. viii. 216 They will sell you a plain papyrus leaf.

1998 Good Health Mag. Mar. 22/1 Women have been removing unwanted hair since the days of the ancient Egyptians, whose only option then was to rub their bodies with dried papyrus leaves!

papyrus plant n.

ΚΠ

1834 Biblical Repertory Oct. 501 The preparation of paper from the papyrus-plant is a very simple process.

1989 A. P. Thomas Egyptian Gods & Myths (BNC) 13 Amongst the deities who had great general appeal were Hapy, god of the Nile, a fertile figure with a papyrus plant on his head.

papyrus roll n.

ΚΠ

1828 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 568 Many mummies,..two papyrus rolls found in Egypt,..are parts of the riches which they have amassed.

1996 Church Times 9 Feb. 20/2 This latter need underlay the Christian's preference for the codex as against the papyrus roll, as their main vehicle for transmitting texts.

papyrus root n.

ΚΠ

1867 D. Livingstone 26 Sept. in Last Jrnls. (1874) I. ix. 234 Papyrus roots are hard to the bare feet.

1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Mar. a3/1 In most villages, there was no corn or wheat in the houses, and people were surviving on water lilies and papyrus roots.

papyrus tree n.

ΚΠ

1813 M. Edgeworth Let. 1 May (1971) 34 We had seen the papyrus tree growing at the botanic garden at Liverpool.

1999 Scotsman (Nexis) 27 Nov. Splashing quickly back to the shade of the papyrus trees while he [sc. a hippo] waddled off, daintily dangling water lilies from his swaying rump.

C2. Objective.

papyrus cutter n.

ΚΠ

1964 C. Willock Enormous Zoo ii. 24 None of the papyrus cutters had been troubled by crocodiles.

1998 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 12 Sept. (Features section) 108 Photographs of a scribe's tools of trade: papyrus, papyrus cutter, palette and flask.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	papyrus
释义	papyrusn. Brit. /pəˈpʌɪrəs/, U.S. /pəˈpaɪrəs/ Inflections: Plural papyri Brit. /pəˈpʌɪrʌɪ/, U.S. /pəˈpaɪri/, /pəˈpaɪˌraɪ/, papyruses. Forms: Middle English–1600s papirus, Middle English– papyrus. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin papȳrus. Etymology: < classical Latin papȳrus the papyrus or paper-reed of the Nile, also writing-material made of it < Hellenistic Greek πάπυρος the papyrus-reed, also textiles, etc., made from it; of uncertain origin. Compare Italian papiro (a1320), Old Occitan papiri (c1350). 1. A tall aquatic flowering sedge, Cyperus papyrus, native to central Africa and the Nile valley, which has stems up to 10 feet (approx. 3 metres) high carrying large terminal umbels of flowering spikelets, and has been used from ancient times as a source of writing material and for other purposes (see sense 3). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges > papyrus plants papyrusa1398 paper plant1597 paper reed1597 paper-rush1608 sea-willow1807 paper- a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 241^v Papirus is a maner Russhe þat is druyed to tende fuyre. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xviii. 2 The lond..that sendith messangeris..in vessels of papirus [gloss papirus is a kynde of spier, so greet that botis mowen be maad therof, as summen seye; a1382 E.V. resshi vesseles] on watris. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.i Papyrus groweth not in Englande, it hath the facion of a greate Docke... It maye be called in englishe water paper, or herbe paper. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 56 Papirus or the Rush of Ægypt. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey (1632) 102 The sedgie reeds which grow in the marishes of Ægypt, called formerly Papyri, of which they made paper. 1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed sig. E2^v Some hold the name [sc. paper] doth from a Rush proceed, Which on Egyptian Nilus bankes doth breed: Which Rush is call'd Papirus for on it Th' Egiptian people oftentimes had writ. 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Paper Besides Paper, they made sails, ropes, and other naval rigging; as also mats, blankets, clothes, and even ships, of the stalk of the Papyrus. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi iii. 82 The shore..was covered with reeds and papyrus. 1892 Amer. Naturalist 26 238 As far as the eye could reach could be seen a great abundance of lagoons and watercourses fringed with papyrus and palms. 1949 P. Bowles Sheltering Sky (1981) i. xi. 82 In the gardens below, the..high stalks of papyrus moved slightly. 1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) xii. 235/1 Extensive mats of water hyacinths, paspalum, and papyrus line the banks of many tropical rivers. 2. As a count noun: a manuscript or document written on material made from the papyrus plant (see sense 3). ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > manuscript book > [noun] manuscript book1593 manuscript1600 MS1601 codex1661 papyrus1697 society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on papyrus papyrus1697 1697 H. Wanley Let. 25 July 66 He would think it a lasting obligation to you if he could compass a sight of the Fragmen[t] of the Gospells in Capitals written on the Ægyptian Papyrus, [ex]stant in the Cottonian Library. 1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 504 A single volume of the Papyrus is unfolded, which is that which treats of musick. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xii. 430 The first Papyrus was at length unrolled, and proved to be a Treatise of Music. 1828 R. Duppa Trav. Italy 98 In this Museum is carried on the operation of unrolling the ancient papyri. 1863 Ld. Lytton Ring of Amasis I. ii. i. v. 267 This mummy was accompanied by a papyrus. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 520/1 Even in the Leiden papyrus the astronomical symbols for the sun and moon are used to denote gold and silver. 1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. i. iv. 114 Two late mathematical papyri,..as well as Coptic ostraca from Wādī Sarga (near Asyūt)..contain unmistakable examples of Egyptian computation. 1986 Times 13 May 10/5 Papyruses that have been deciphered and published during the past 200 years are being re-examined and re-edited with the aid of powerful microscopes. 3. A material made from the papyrus plant, used originally by the ancient Egyptians and later by the Greeks, Romans, etc., chiefly formed into sheets for writing and painting on. Also used for making rope, sandals, etc.To form a sheet of writing material, the stem of the papyrus plant was sliced into thin strips which were laid side by side, with another layer of similar strips crossing them, usually followed by a third parallel to the first. The whole was then soaked in water, pressed, and dried. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > papyrus > [noun] reeds1551 papyr1601 biblus1656 papyrus1724 1724 H. Wanley Diary 14 Jan. (1966) II. 267 Leaves in folio, written in fine Capital Letters about 1100 years ago, upon Aegyptian Papyrus. 1790 M. O. Warren Poems, Dramatic & Misc. 228 On the smooth papyrus of ancient times, Nature's bright charms, I'd paint in simple rhymes. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xii. 430 Ancient manuscripts written on Papyrus, both in Greek and Latin. 1827 T. Moore Epicurean xvi. 251 Planks..bound rudely together with bands of papyrus. 1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile xv. 397 These invaluable letters, written on papyrus in the hieratic character. 1912 E. M. Thompson Introd. Greek & Lat. Palaeogr. 25 After their conquest of Egypt in the seventh century, the Arabs continued the manufacture of papyrus. 1962 H. R. Loyn Anglo-Saxon Eng. ii. 69 The gold coinage, papyrus, fine stuffs and spices point to the existence of a luxury-loving aristocracy. 1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xii. 391 In the early Egyptian dynasties women made diaperlike wraps of papyrus. Compounds C1. General attributive. papyrus fragment n. ΚΠ 1861 F. H. A. Scrivener Plain Introd. Crit. New Test. p. viii We have not named in the body of this work the papyrus fragments of St Matthew and St James, said to have been unrolled by M. Simonides. 1991 Hist. & Computing 3 17/2 This important papyrus fragment was studied and translated by prominent Egyptologists and was pronounced to be part of the Egyptian Book of Breathings. papyrus leaf n. ΚΠ 1813 M. Edgeworth Let. 1 May (1971) 34 We saw the MS written on papyrus leaves. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur iv. viii. 216 They will sell you a plain papyrus leaf. 1998 Good Health Mag. Mar. 22/1 Women have been removing unwanted hair since the days of the ancient Egyptians, whose only option then was to rub their bodies with dried papyrus leaves! papyrus plant n. ΚΠ 1834 Biblical Repertory Oct. 501 The preparation of paper from the papyrus-plant is a very simple process. 1989 A. P. Thomas Egyptian Gods & Myths (BNC) 13 Amongst the deities who had great general appeal were Hapy, god of the Nile, a fertile figure with a papyrus plant on his head. papyrus roll n. ΚΠ 1828 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 568 Many mummies,..two papyrus rolls found in Egypt,..are parts of the riches which they have amassed. 1996 Church Times 9 Feb. 20/2 This latter need underlay the Christian's preference for the codex as against the papyrus roll, as their main vehicle for transmitting texts. papyrus root n. ΚΠ 1867 D. Livingstone 26 Sept. in Last Jrnls. (1874) I. ix. 234 Papyrus roots are hard to the bare feet. 1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Mar. a3/1 In most villages, there was no corn or wheat in the houses, and people were surviving on water lilies and papyrus roots. papyrus tree n. ΚΠ 1813 M. Edgeworth Let. 1 May (1971) 34 We had seen the papyrus tree growing at the botanic garden at Liverpool. 1999 Scotsman (Nexis) 27 Nov. Splashing quickly back to the shade of the papyrus trees while he [sc. a hippo] waddled off, daintily dangling water lilies from his swaying rump. C2. Objective. papyrus cutter n. ΚΠ 1964 C. Willock Enormous Zoo ii. 24 None of the papyrus cutters had been troubled by crocodiles. 1998 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 12 Sept. (Features section) 108 Photographs of a scribe's tools of trade: papyrus, papyrus cutter, palette and flask. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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