overturnn.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvətəːn/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvərˌtərn/

Forms: see over- prefix and turn n.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, turn n.

Etymology: < over- prefix + turn n. In sense 1 after overturn v. or to turn over at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 3 compare slightly later turn-over n.²

1. The action of overturning; the fact of being overturned; revolution, overthrow, upset; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > overthrow of a person, institution, belief, etc.

fallOE

confusionc1290

subversiona1325

overthrowingc1330

overturninga1398

downcasta1400

wrackc1400

downcastingc1425

eversionc1425

profligationc1475

demolitionc1550

overturec1555

wreck1577

overturnc1592

racking?1689

upsetting1827

subversal1843

demolishment1884

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > inversion of natural order or total disorder > upset or overturn

walter1563

overturnc1592

renversinga1614

bouleversation1667

versation1716

bouleversement1814

whemmel1817

upset1866

upsettal1890

upsetment1893

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > capsizing or upset

overthrowingc1330

subversiona1382

whelmingc1440

overseta1658

overturn1789

upset1804

capsize1807

whemmel1817

upsetting1819

purl1825

bouleversement1877

capsizal1881

c1592 F. Bacon Conf. Pleasure (1870) 25 Her intentiue witt in contriuing plotts and ouertournes.

a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 392 A Marius..fitter to remove things, to overturn overturns, than for Peace.

1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 6 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1826 The overturn of Mary of Medicis into a river, where she was half-drowned.

1789 F. Burney Diary 19 Nov. (1842) V. 75 He was still rather lame, from a dreadful overturn in a carriage.

1823 W. Scott Let. 11 Feb. (1934) VII. 325 How we have escaped overturn is to me wonderful.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxvii. 631 The death of young Ralegh drew after it the overturn of the expedition.

1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere xvii. 139 It seemed likely that nothing but the mere animal necessities and passions of men would have any hold on them, and that mere general overturn would be the result.

1917 A. MacLeish Let. 22 Apr. (1983) 38 All this is necessarily consequential on the terrific overturn of established order that Germany has wrought.

1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. 405 The extreme depression will pass..barring social and political overturn in some countries, which might delay recovery.

1987 R. Fiennes Living Dangerously xiv. 221 Frequent overturns caused minor injuries.

†2. Scottish. The burden or refrain of a song. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun] > refrain

refraid?a1439

overword?a1513

refrain1530

foot1538

counterverse1570

faburden1580

burden1598

holding1598

chorus1601

foreburden1603

bob1606

ludden1607

down1611

nonnya1616

rame?c1625

tag1717

overcome?a1800

overturn1825

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Overturn of a sang, that part of it which is repeated, or sung in chorus.

1827 Wee Wee Man in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 345 And aye the owreturn o' their tune, Was—our wee, wee man has been lang awa!

3. = turn-over n.² 6a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun] > turning over in course of trade

overturn1875

1875 W. Alexander Sketches Life among Ain Folk 99 Lyin' i' the bank wi' nae owreturn.

1901 Academy 7 Dec. 532/2 The libraries, where fiction is always 70 to 80 per cent. of the total overturn, run up to a circulation of 400,000 volumes of fiction a month in American cities.

4. Geology. = overfold n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [noun] > overfold

overturn1877

overfold1883

1877 J. Le Conte Elements Geol. (1879) i. 176 When in strong foldings the strata are pushed over beyond the perpendicular,..we have what is called an overturn dip.

1907 Science 28 June 1010/2 Thus the point of the overturn, M, will appear to be bent downward, and if movement continues on the thrust..it may become bent under.

†5. A transference of votes or voters from one political party to another. Cf. turn-over n.² 1a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes > transfer of votes from one party to another

overturn1894

turn-over1895

1894 Westm. Gaz. 8 May 5/2 A reduction of the Liberal majority by over a thousand... It is certainly a tremendous overturn which has been effected.

6. Limnology. The mixing or circulation of the water in a thermally stratified lake, usually occurring once or twice each year as a result of the cooling or warming of the epilimnion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > circulation

overturn1911

meromixis1941

1898 G. C. Whipple in Amer. Naturalist 32 27 Soon the surface and bottom layers come to have substantially the same temperature, and vertical currents extend from top to bottom. This is the ‘period of spring circulation’, or the ‘spring overturning’.]

1911 Bull. Wisconsin Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. xxii. p. xi The stratum of circulating water becomes increasingly thinner until..the permanent summer conditions are established. Thenceforward, until the overturn, only the water of the epilimnion can have direct contact with the air.

1935 P. S. Welch Limnol. iv. 38 During the spring and fall overturns.., when the water is of uniform density from top to bottom, return currents may extend even to the bottom of relatively deep inland lakes.

1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) iv. 83/2 Living algal cells, which settled to the bottom during spring and summer, may also be swept into surface waters to cause autumn phytoplankton blooms on lake overturn.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

overturnv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈtəːn/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈtərn/

Forms: see over- prefix and turn v.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, turn v.

Etymology: < over- prefix + turn v. Compare to turn over at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1.

†1. intransitive. Of a wheel: to turn round, to revolve. Also figurative: (of time) to pass. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (intransitive)] > as a wheel

overturn?c1225

wheel?c1225

cartwheel1920

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 262 Habeoð her hweolinde as þe hweoles ouerturneð sone ne letteð nane hwile.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Josh. xxiii. 1 Ouer torned [a1425 L.V. was passid; L. Evoluto] forsoþe moche tyme after þat þe lord hadde ȝeue pees to Irael.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1192 Þay feȝt..Til two ȝer overtorned.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3186 The whele over-tornyd ther with-All, And eueryche by A lymme hym caught.

a. transitive. To tip or throw over on to one side or face, esp. violently; to upset or capsize (a thing); to cause to fall over or down. Formerly also: to demolish, destroy, or wreck (a structure).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > capsize or upset

overcastc1230

overturnc1300

overthrowc1330

to-turna1382

overwhelm?a1400

tilta1400

tipa1400

welt?a1400

overtiltc1400

tirvec1420

reverse?a1439

devolvec1470

subvert1479

welter?a1505

renverse1521

tumble1534

verse1556

upturn1567

overwhirl1577

rewalt1587

subverse1590

overset1599

overtumble1600

walt1611

to fetch up1615

ramvert1632

treveer1636

transvolve1644

capsize1788

upset1806

keel1828

overwelt1828

pitch-pole1851

purl1856

c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) 857 Þe Muteres Moneye he schedde al, and þe bordes ouer turnde.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 154^v Dorix is a ryuer..he ouerturneþ and þroweþ adowne al þat is in his waie.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 131 (MED) I shal ouertourne þis temple and adown throwe.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 103 The tempest roos aftirward whech was likly to ouyr turne þe schip.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBv Man hath..subuerted or ouerturned his cytes.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ii. f. 7 They ouerturned their Canoa with a great violence.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xxvi. 198 Vpon the coast of Chille..there was so terrible an Earthquake, as it overturned whole mountains.

1687 London Gaz. No. 2240/4 A Cloth Coat..was left in a Hackney Coach which was overturned in Fleetstreet.

1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. xx. 293 It [sc. an earthquake] redoubled that Night with so much violence, that every Thing was not only shock'd, but seem'd to be overturn'd by it.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 207 The whale sometimes overturns the boat with a blow of its tail.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. iii. 53 It was no easy matter to find one's way to a chair, without stumbling over a prostrate folio, or the still more awkward mischance of overturning some piece of Roman or ancient British pottery.

1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. viii. 506 Men and horses were overturned in the fury of the assault.

1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes x. 126 Gathering up all he could carry under one arm, he overturned the seething cauldron with a kick, and disappeared into the foliage above.

1987 P. Auster Country of Last Things (1988) 83 I ransacked the closet for every useful object, overturning boxes, riffling through drawers.

b. transitive. To turn over (a stone, clod of earth, etc.) without throwing down; †to leaf through or turn over the pages of (a book) (obsolete). Now somewhat archaic.

ΚΠ

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 1795 To þe sepulcre he wende and ouer-turnde þe ston.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Josh. x. 18 Ouertorne ȝe grete stonys at þe mouþ of þe spelunke & putte ȝe redy men þat kepyn hem closed.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1956 [He] overtorneth many a bok.

a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 765 Thei ouerturned þat ilke stone; Bodi þei founde þer none.

a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 47 (MED) When þey ere þe same lande ayeyne, kerue yt withe youre ploughe so that þe firste erynge may be ouer turned.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1782/1 Prairie-plow, a large plow supported in front on wheels, and adapted to pare and overturn a very broad but shallow furrow-slice.

1916 E. H. Porter Just David v. 66 It was only a matter of some strength and more patience..to overturn other and bigger sticks, to find other and bigger of the..creatures.

1995 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Nov. 727/3 He has overturned boulders and persistently chipped away at rocks to provide roosting places for a token sample of the world's exotic plants.

c. intransitive. To tip or topple over; to turn upside down, capsize. Also figurative: †to fall to grief or ruin (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > capsize or be upset

whelma1300

overturna1393

overset1641

coup1787

upset1799

capsize1805

to turn the turtle1818

to go over1829

keela1860

to turn turtle1860

wintle1867

turtle1920

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 958 (MED) Whan this litel world mistormeþ [read mistorneth], The grete world al overtorneth.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 4583 Þer myght men se..schippes in to water sinke..som ouerturned [a1450 Lamb. ouer-terned] & lay on side.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. 209 For couetyse of þat croys clerkes of holychurche Schullen ouerturne as templers duden.

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 20 Every minute of an hour the said Vessel may overturn.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Ee Over-setting,..the movement of a ship when she over-turns.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. x. 98 The sledge is portable, and adapted..to overturn with impunity.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. xiii. 174 When the guests grew boisterous the settles would rock and overturn.

1932 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 16 209 The type of fold is an overturned anticline in which the plunge increases from a comparatively low degree until it becomes vertical and finally overturns.

1987 N. F. Dixon Our own Worst Enemy (1988) ii. 25 The engine, a ‘Royal Scot’, left the rails to overturn in a field nine feet below the line.

3. figurative.

a. transitive. To overthrow, bring to ruin, or destroy (a person, institution, principle, etc.); to defeat, overwhelm; to abolish, render invalid.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > make revolutionary in character [verb (transitive)] > overthrow

upturna1340

overturna1382

subvert1474

invert1548

overthrow1567

wrake1570

revolve1609

to pull down1625

overset1679

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. xxii. 8 Whan yeu shulde ouerturnen [v.r. ouertrowen; a1425 L.V. destriede; L. everteret] þe hous of Acab, he fond þe princes of Juda & þe sones of þe breþern of ochosie..& he sloowȝ hem.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. ii. 77 The dedes of Fortune..with unwar strook overturneth [L. uertentem] the realmes of greet nobleye.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 2182 His poweer short, was ouertourned blyue.

?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f. 131 (MED) Hym..we fonde owerturnynge oure lawe and forbedynge þe Emperour hys trybut.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xliij^v Assone as kyng Henry had subdued and ouerturned his aduersaries.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 82 If we..can make a head To push against a kingdome, with his helpe We shal oreturne it topsie turuy down.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 463 But pain is perfet miserie..and excessive, overturnes All patience.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvi. 335 We may be secure, that there are no latent Proofs undiscovered, which may overturn our Knowledge, or bring it in doubt.

1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) Pref. p. vii This can never overturn the theory itself.

1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers lxviii. 254 They [sc. British House of Commons] have been able..to abolish both the royalty and the aristocracy, and to overturn all the ancient establishments.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 138 Without overturning all existing institutions.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 89 I schemed and wrought Until I overturn'd him.

1895 S. Crane Red Badge of Courage vii. 76 He had been overturned and crushed by their lack of sense in holding the position, when intelligent deliberation would have convinced them that it was possible.

1931 F. L. Schuman War & Diplomacy in French Republic ii. iv. 76 When the news of the Treaty of Bardo was received, the Cairoli Cabinet was overturned.

1990 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Mar. a1/5 The Soviet parliament overturned..a central tenet of Marxism-Leninism and gave individuals the right to own factories and hire workers.

b. transitive. To reverse (a legal decision).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [verb (transitive)] > review > overturn a judgement or sentence

reverse1395

control1592

overturn1842

to set aside1861

1842 R. Peters Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 16 389 The object of this suit unquestionably was, to review and overturn the decision of Mundy v. Arnold.

1935 Federal Reporter 2nd Ser. 77 124 The question of valuation is so peculiarly one of fact that the decision of the Commissioner will rarely be overturned.

1973 Observer 22 July 10/1 The House of Lords unanimously overturned this decision.

1995 N.Y. Times 25 June xiii. 4/1 Mrs. Hockberg..inherited..the corruption investigation of Newark's Mayor,..whose conviction for fraud was overturned.

†4. transitive. To disorder or upset (the brain, stomach, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > disorder health of

undisposec1380

overturna1382

mistemperc1485

disorder1526

overthrow1562

overset?a1600

disaffect1623

discompose1694

indispose1694

upset1845

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Wisd. iv. 12 Vnstablenesse of coueityng ouer-turneth [a1425 L.V. turneth ouer; L. transvertit] wit withoute malice.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 129 So drunke I am that mi wit faileth, And al mi brain is overtorned.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxviii. 355 It will not ouertturne nor torment the stomacke.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 232 It bringeth headach, and ouerturneth the stomacke.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 174 Yet there is a wine of Myrtles..which wil neuer ouerturn the brain or make one drunk.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 159 A Person whose Intellectuals were overturned.

†5. transitive (in passive). To be turned backwards or in the opposite direction to the usual; to be inverted. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

whelvec1000

to turn down?c1335

to turn up?c1335

whelmc1340

overturna1382

to turn overa1400

wholve14..

inverse?a1425

reverse?a1425

overwhelvec1450

overvolvea1522

transverse1557

evert1566

topsy-turn1573

topsy-turve1603

invert1610

upturn1610

whave1611

topsy-turvy1626

whemmel1684

cant1850

upend1868

flip-flop1924

the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)] > turn the reverse or wrong way

turna1200

misturna1350

overturna1382

reversec1400

revertc1440

inturn1573

retrograde1582

renversec1586

retrovert1782

roll1918

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. Prol. 53 Wher forsoþe obelus ouerturned, þat is a ȝerde is sett before, þere is betookned what þe seuenti remenouris addedyn.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 83 (MED) In som hulles of Ynde beeþ men þat haueþ soles of hir feet ouertorned [L. adversas].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 299^v Som boles ben..rede in coloure..wiþ here ouertorned [L. in contrarium verso] & groweþ toward þe eeren.

†6. transitive. To cause to turn from one thing or side to another; esp. to turn (a thing) away from good, to pervert. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn

to-warpc888

overwarpeOE

fallOE

cumber1303

overthrowc1375

overturna1382

subverta1382

overwalta1400

sinka1400

to wend downa1400

tuyrec1400

reverse1402

tirvec1420

pervert?a1425

to put downa1425

cumrayc1425

downthringc1430

overthwart?a1439

thringc1480

subvertise1484

succumb1490

renverse1521

precipitate?1528

everta1538

wrake1570

ruinate1590

profligate1643

wreck1749

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. iv. 1 Ouerturne [a1425 L.V.: turn..ouere; L. transvertas] þou not þyn eȝen fro þe pore.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 3145 (MED) Love..many an herte hath overtake And ovyrturnyd as the blynde Fro reson in to lawe of kynde.

a1450 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Pepys) (1850) Laod. 438 Ne he vnordeynede vs of sum veyn speche feynynge that vs ouerturne fro the sothfastnesse of the gospel.

a1500 Ratis Raving 454 Irous entent Our-twrnys skilfull Jugement.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 24^v I know..many worthie Ientlemen of England, whom all the Siren songes of Italie..nor no inchantment of vanitie, [could] ouerturne them, from the feare of God, and loue of honestie.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xvi. 303 Seeing that man is so ouerturned, whereof can he brag.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	overturn
释义	overturnn. Brit. /ˈəʊvətəːn/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌtərn/ Forms: see over- prefix and turn n. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, turn n. Etymology: < over- prefix + turn n. In sense 1 after overturn v. or to turn over at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 3 compare slightly later turn-over n.² 1. The action of overturning; the fact of being overturned; revolution, overthrow, upset; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > overthrow of a person, institution, belief, etc. fallOE confusionc1290 subversiona1325 overthrowingc1330 overturninga1398 downcasta1400 wrackc1400 downcastingc1425 eversionc1425 profligationc1475 demolitionc1550 overturec1555 wreck1577 overturnc1592 racking?1689 upsetting1827 subversal1843 demolishment1884 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > inversion of natural order or total disorder > upset or overturn walter1563 overturnc1592 renversinga1614 bouleversation1667 versation1716 bouleversement1814 whemmel1817 upset1866 upsettal1890 upsetment1893 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > capsizing or upset overthrowingc1330 subversiona1382 whelmingc1440 overseta1658 overturn1789 upset1804 capsize1807 whemmel1817 upsetting1819 purl1825 bouleversement1877 capsizal1881 c1592 F. Bacon Conf. Pleasure (1870) 25 Her intentiue witt in contriuing plotts and ouertournes. a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 392 A Marius..fitter to remove things, to overturn overturns, than for Peace. 1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 6 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1826 The overturn of Mary of Medicis into a river, where she was half-drowned. 1789 F. Burney Diary 19 Nov. (1842) V. 75 He was still rather lame, from a dreadful overturn in a carriage. 1823 W. Scott Let. 11 Feb. (1934) VII. 325 How we have escaped overturn is to me wonderful. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxvii. 631 The death of young Ralegh drew after it the overturn of the expedition. 1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere xvii. 139 It seemed likely that nothing but the mere animal necessities and passions of men would have any hold on them, and that mere general overturn would be the result. 1917 A. MacLeish Let. 22 Apr. (1983) 38 All this is necessarily consequential on the terrific overturn of established order that Germany has wrought. 1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. 405 The extreme depression will pass..barring social and political overturn in some countries, which might delay recovery. 1987 R. Fiennes Living Dangerously xiv. 221 Frequent overturns caused minor injuries. †2. Scottish. The burden or refrain of a song. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun] > refrain refraid?a1439 overword?a1513 refrain1530 foot1538 counterverse1570 faburden1580 burden1598 holding1598 chorus1601 foreburden1603 bob1606 ludden1607 down1611 nonnya1616 rame?c1625 tag1717 overcome?a1800 overturn1825 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Overturn of a sang, that part of it which is repeated, or sung in chorus. 1827 Wee Wee Man in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 345 And aye the owreturn o' their tune, Was—our wee, wee man has been lang awa! 3. = turn-over n.² 6a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] > turning over in course of trade overturn1875 1875 W. Alexander Sketches Life among Ain Folk 99 Lyin' i' the bank wi' nae owreturn. 1901 Academy 7 Dec. 532/2 The libraries, where fiction is always 70 to 80 per cent. of the total overturn, run up to a circulation of 400,000 volumes of fiction a month in American cities. 4. Geology. = overfold n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [noun] > overfold overturn1877 overfold1883 1877 J. Le Conte Elements Geol. (1879) i. 176 When in strong foldings the strata are pushed over beyond the perpendicular,..we have what is called an overturn dip. 1907 Science 28 June 1010/2 Thus the point of the overturn, M, will appear to be bent downward, and if movement continues on the thrust..it may become bent under. †5. A transference of votes or voters from one political party to another. Cf. turn-over n.² 1a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes > transfer of votes from one party to another overturn1894 turn-over1895 1894 Westm. Gaz. 8 May 5/2 A reduction of the Liberal majority by over a thousand... It is certainly a tremendous overturn which has been effected. 6. Limnology. The mixing or circulation of the water in a thermally stratified lake, usually occurring once or twice each year as a result of the cooling or warming of the epilimnion. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > circulation overturn1911 meromixis1941 1898 G. C. Whipple in Amer. Naturalist 32 27 Soon the surface and bottom layers come to have substantially the same temperature, and vertical currents extend from top to bottom. This is the ‘period of spring circulation’, or the ‘spring overturning’.] 1911 Bull. Wisconsin Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. xxii. p. xi The stratum of circulating water becomes increasingly thinner until..the permanent summer conditions are established. Thenceforward, until the overturn, only the water of the epilimnion can have direct contact with the air. 1935 P. S. Welch Limnol. iv. 38 During the spring and fall overturns.., when the water is of uniform density from top to bottom, return currents may extend even to the bottom of relatively deep inland lakes. 1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) iv. 83/2 Living algal cells, which settled to the bottom during spring and summer, may also be swept into surface waters to cause autumn phytoplankton blooms on lake overturn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). overturnv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈtəːn/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈtərn/ Forms: see over- prefix and turn v. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, turn v. Etymology: < over- prefix + turn v. Compare to turn over at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1. †1. intransitive. Of a wheel: to turn round, to revolve. Also figurative: (of time) to pass. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (intransitive)] > as a wheel overturn?c1225 wheel?c1225 cartwheel1920 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 262 Habeoð her hweolinde as þe hweoles ouerturneð sone ne letteð nane hwile. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Josh. xxiii. 1 Ouer torned [a1425 L.V. was passid; L. Evoluto] forsoþe moche tyme after þat þe lord hadde ȝeue pees to Irael. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1192 Þay feȝt..Til two ȝer overtorned. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3186 The whele over-tornyd ther with-All, And eueryche by A lymme hym caught. 2. a. transitive. To tip or throw over on to one side or face, esp. violently; to upset or capsize (a thing); to cause to fall over or down. Formerly also: to demolish, destroy, or wreck (a structure). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > capsize or upset overcastc1230 overturnc1300 overthrowc1330 to-turna1382 overwhelm?a1400 tilta1400 tipa1400 welt?a1400 overtiltc1400 tirvec1420 reverse?a1439 devolvec1470 subvert1479 welter?a1505 renverse1521 tumble1534 verse1556 upturn1567 overwhirl1577 rewalt1587 subverse1590 overset1599 overtumble1600 walt1611 to fetch up1615 ramvert1632 treveer1636 transvolve1644 capsize1788 upset1806 keel1828 overwelt1828 pitch-pole1851 purl1856 c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) 857 Þe Muteres Moneye he schedde al, and þe bordes ouer turnde. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 154^v Dorix is a ryuer..he ouerturneþ and þroweþ adowne al þat is in his waie. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 131 (MED) I shal ouertourne þis temple and adown throwe. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 103 The tempest roos aftirward whech was likly to ouyr turne þe schip. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBv Man hath..subuerted or ouerturned his cytes. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ii. f. 7 They ouerturned their Canoa with a great violence. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xxvi. 198 Vpon the coast of Chille..there was so terrible an Earthquake, as it overturned whole mountains. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2240/4 A Cloth Coat..was left in a Hackney Coach which was overturned in Fleetstreet. 1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. xx. 293 It [sc. an earthquake] redoubled that Night with so much violence, that every Thing was not only shock'd, but seem'd to be overturn'd by it. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 207 The whale sometimes overturns the boat with a blow of its tail. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. iii. 53 It was no easy matter to find one's way to a chair, without stumbling over a prostrate folio, or the still more awkward mischance of overturning some piece of Roman or ancient British pottery. 1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. viii. 506 Men and horses were overturned in the fury of the assault. 1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes x. 126 Gathering up all he could carry under one arm, he overturned the seething cauldron with a kick, and disappeared into the foliage above. 1987 P. Auster Country of Last Things (1988) 83 I ransacked the closet for every useful object, overturning boxes, riffling through drawers. b. transitive. To turn over (a stone, clod of earth, etc.) without throwing down; †to leaf through or turn over the pages of (a book) (obsolete). Now somewhat archaic. ΚΠ a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 1795 To þe sepulcre he wende and ouer-turnde þe ston. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Josh. x. 18 Ouertorne ȝe grete stonys at þe mouþ of þe spelunke & putte ȝe redy men þat kepyn hem closed. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1956 [He] overtorneth many a bok. a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 765 Thei ouerturned þat ilke stone; Bodi þei founde þer none. a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 47 (MED) When þey ere þe same lande ayeyne, kerue yt withe youre ploughe so that þe firste erynge may be ouer turned. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1782/1 Prairie-plow, a large plow supported in front on wheels, and adapted to pare and overturn a very broad but shallow furrow-slice. 1916 E. H. Porter Just David v. 66 It was only a matter of some strength and more patience..to overturn other and bigger sticks, to find other and bigger of the..creatures. 1995 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Nov. 727/3 He has overturned boulders and persistently chipped away at rocks to provide roosting places for a token sample of the world's exotic plants. c. intransitive. To tip or topple over; to turn upside down, capsize. Also figurative: †to fall to grief or ruin (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > capsize or be upset whelma1300 overturna1393 overset1641 coup1787 upset1799 capsize1805 to turn the turtle1818 to go over1829 keela1860 to turn turtle1860 wintle1867 turtle1920 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 958 (MED) Whan this litel world mistormeþ [read mistorneth], The grete world al overtorneth. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 4583 Þer myght men se..schippes in to water sinke..som ouerturned [a1450 Lamb. ouer-terned] & lay on side. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. 209 For couetyse of þat croys clerkes of holychurche Schullen ouerturne as templers duden. 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 20 Every minute of an hour the said Vessel may overturn. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Ee Over-setting,..the movement of a ship when she over-turns. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. x. 98 The sledge is portable, and adapted..to overturn with impunity. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. xiii. 174 When the guests grew boisterous the settles would rock and overturn. 1932 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 16 209 The type of fold is an overturned anticline in which the plunge increases from a comparatively low degree until it becomes vertical and finally overturns. 1987 N. F. Dixon Our own Worst Enemy (1988) ii. 25 The engine, a ‘Royal Scot’, left the rails to overturn in a field nine feet below the line. 3. figurative. a. transitive. To overthrow, bring to ruin, or destroy (a person, institution, principle, etc.); to defeat, overwhelm; to abolish, render invalid. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > make revolutionary in character [verb (transitive)] > overthrow upturna1340 overturna1382 subvert1474 invert1548 overthrow1567 wrake1570 revolve1609 to pull down1625 overset1679 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. xxii. 8 Whan yeu shulde ouerturnen [v.r. ouertrowen; a1425 L.V. destriede; L. everteret] þe hous of Acab, he fond þe princes of Juda & þe sones of þe breþern of ochosie..& he sloowȝ hem. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. ii. 77 The dedes of Fortune..with unwar strook overturneth [L. uertentem] the realmes of greet nobleye. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 2182 His poweer short, was ouertourned blyue. ?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f. 131 (MED) Hym..we fonde owerturnynge oure lawe and forbedynge þe Emperour hys trybut. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xliij^v Assone as kyng Henry had subdued and ouerturned his aduersaries. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 82 If we..can make a head To push against a kingdome, with his helpe We shal oreturne it topsie turuy down. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 463 But pain is perfet miserie..and excessive, overturnes All patience. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvi. 335 We may be secure, that there are no latent Proofs undiscovered, which may overturn our Knowledge, or bring it in doubt. 1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) Pref. p. vii This can never overturn the theory itself. 1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers lxviii. 254 They [sc. British House of Commons] have been able..to abolish both the royalty and the aristocracy, and to overturn all the ancient establishments. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 138 Without overturning all existing institutions. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 89 I schemed and wrought Until I overturn'd him. 1895 S. Crane Red Badge of Courage vii. 76 He had been overturned and crushed by their lack of sense in holding the position, when intelligent deliberation would have convinced them that it was possible. 1931 F. L. Schuman War & Diplomacy in French Republic ii. iv. 76 When the news of the Treaty of Bardo was received, the Cairoli Cabinet was overturned. 1990 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Mar. a1/5 The Soviet parliament overturned..a central tenet of Marxism-Leninism and gave individuals the right to own factories and hire workers. b. transitive. To reverse (a legal decision). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [verb (transitive)] > review > overturn a judgement or sentence reverse1395 control1592 overturn1842 to set aside1861 1842 R. Peters Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 16 389 The object of this suit unquestionably was, to review and overturn the decision of Mundy v. Arnold. 1935 Federal Reporter 2nd Ser. 77 124 The question of valuation is so peculiarly one of fact that the decision of the Commissioner will rarely be overturned. 1973 Observer 22 July 10/1 The House of Lords unanimously overturned this decision. 1995 N.Y. Times 25 June xiii. 4/1 Mrs. Hockberg..inherited..the corruption investigation of Newark's Mayor,..whose conviction for fraud was overturned. †4. transitive. To disorder or upset (the brain, stomach, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > disorder health of undisposec1380 overturna1382 mistemperc1485 disorder1526 overthrow1562 overset?a1600 disaffect1623 discompose1694 indispose1694 upset1845 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Wisd. iv. 12 Vnstablenesse of coueityng ouer-turneth [a1425 L.V. turneth ouer; L. transvertit] wit withoute malice. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 129 So drunke I am that mi wit faileth, And al mi brain is overtorned. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxviii. 355 It will not ouertturne nor torment the stomacke. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 232 It bringeth headach, and ouerturneth the stomacke. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 174 Yet there is a wine of Myrtles..which wil neuer ouerturn the brain or make one drunk. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 159 A Person whose Intellectuals were overturned. †5. transitive (in passive). To be turned backwards or in the opposite direction to the usual; to be inverted. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 whelvec1000 to turn down?c1335 to turn up?c1335 whelmc1340 overturna1382 to turn overa1400 wholve14.. inverse?a1425 reverse?a1425 overwhelvec1450 overvolvea1522 transverse1557 evert1566 topsy-turn1573 topsy-turve1603 invert1610 upturn1610 whave1611 topsy-turvy1626 whemmel1684 cant1850 upend1868 flip-flop1924 the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)] > turn the reverse or wrong way turna1200 misturna1350 overturna1382 reversec1400 revertc1440 inturn1573 retrograde1582 renversec1586 retrovert1782 roll1918 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. Prol. 53 Wher forsoþe obelus ouerturned, þat is a ȝerde is sett before, þere is betookned what þe seuenti remenouris addedyn. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 83 (MED) In som hulles of Ynde beeþ men þat haueþ soles of hir feet ouertorned [L. adversas]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 299^v Som boles ben..rede in coloure..wiþ here ouertorned [L. in contrarium verso] & groweþ toward þe eeren. †6. transitive. To cause to turn from one thing or side to another; esp. to turn (a thing) away from good, to pervert. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn to-warpc888 overwarpeOE fallOE cumber1303 overthrowc1375 overturna1382 subverta1382 overwalta1400 sinka1400 to wend downa1400 tuyrec1400 reverse1402 tirvec1420 pervert?a1425 to put downa1425 cumrayc1425 downthringc1430 overthwart?a1439 thringc1480 subvertise1484 succumb1490 renverse1521 precipitate?1528 everta1538 wrake1570 ruinate1590 profligate1643 wreck1749 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. iv. 1 Ouerturne [a1425 L.V.: turn..ouere; L. transvertas] þou not þyn eȝen fro þe pore. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 3145 (MED) Love..many an herte hath overtake And ovyrturnyd as the blynde Fro reson in to lawe of kynde. a1450 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Pepys) (1850) Laod. 438 Ne he vnordeynede vs of sum veyn speche feynynge that vs ouerturne fro the sothfastnesse of the gospel. a1500 Ratis Raving 454 Irous entent Our-twrnys skilfull Jugement. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 24^v I know..many worthie Ientlemen of England, whom all the Siren songes of Italie..nor no inchantment of vanitie, [could] ouerturne them, from the feare of God, and loue of honestie. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xvi. 303 Seeing that man is so ouerturned, whereof can he brag. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1592v.?c1225
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