barkn.1
/bɑːk/, U.S. /bɑrk/ 1.
a. The rind or outer sheath of the trunk and branches of trees, formed of tissue parallel with the wood. See quot. 1866.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > bark
rindeOE
barka1300
pillc1300
scorch1480
utter-bark1530
skin1558
shell1561
tree-bark1910
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1321 Braunches..o bark al bare.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xvii. 189 Men hewen the Trees..tille that the Bark be parted.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Joel i. 7 They shal pyll of the barckes of my fygetrees.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xiii. 304 He is no friend to the tree, that strips it of the bark.
1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. ii. 7 The Trunk..hath three general parts..the Bark, the Wood, and the Pith.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 123 The only true bark is that of Exogens. In Endogens, False Bark, also called Cortical Integument, stands in place of bark.
b. That used as a material in dyeing, tanning, etc., or its bruised residue, ‘spent bark,’ ‘tan’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1565 Act 8 Eliz. xi. §3 No Person..shall dye..black, any Cap, with Bark or Swarf.
1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 12 in Jewell House Men which tan the hides of beasts..take ye barkes of Oake.
1716 London Gaz. No. 5393/4 Bark is worth 2s. a Cart-Load.
1885 N.E.D. at Bark Mod. The street opposite the sick man's house was laid with bark.
c. A sort or piece of bark.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > bark > a piece of
peeling1598
shag1607
barka1645
a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iii. iv. 116 Two great chaines of rootes and black barks he had about his neck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > nutshell
nutshalec1275
shellc1330
bark1377
nutshella1400
nut-housing?c1475
nut skin1648
putamen1793
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 251 On a walnot with-oute is a bitter barke.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum lvi. 419 The ape wil gladly ete the kyrnelle of the note..but when he sauours the soure barke, etc.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health x. 32 A good handfull of oken barke.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 22 Wine in which the barks of a sweet pomegranat are.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > a crust or incrustation
rove1510
crust?1529
scurfa1555
scruff1591
bark1601
crustiness1608
overcrusting1670
incrustation1671
illinition1794
encrustment1845
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 45 In the lake Velinus..if wood be thrown in, it is couered ouer with a stony barke.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 457 O'er thy smooth skin a bark of wrinkles spread.
1878 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Bark, the tartar deposited by bottled wine or other liquor encrusting the bottle.
4. dialect and slang. The (human) skin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > [noun]
swardc725
fellOE
hidea1000
leather1303
skina1325
rinda1413
swarth?c1450
swadc1460
thackc1480
skin coat1589
hackle1609
flesha1616
pelta1626
integument1664
barka1758
exoskeleton1839
a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1844) 88 And dang the bark Aff's shin.
1876 Family Herald 2 Dec. 80/1 With the ‘bark’ all off his shins from a blow with a hockey stick.
5. figurative. Envelopment; outer covering; outside, external part. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > external aspect as opposed to internal
rindeOE
barkc1374
shell1377
husk1567
cortex1660
swarth1807
without1899
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 201 Yboundyn in the blakke barke of care.
c1400 Rom. Rose 7173 The bark and rynde, That makith the entenciouns blynde.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 432 Such a Lawegiuer, as not only had power ouer the barke of man.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 68 The Jews..stick in the barke, and expound the text to be fulfilled to the very letter of it.
6.
a. to go (etc.) between the bark and the tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)]
to step in1474
to go (etc.) between the bark and the tree1546
to make in1575
intermediate1610
interposea1616
to put in1631
intervene1646
to strike ina1715
to wade in1905
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ii. sig. Gv It were a foly for me, To put my hande betweene the barke and the tre..Betwene you.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxvi. v. 921 To deale roundly and simply with no side, but to go between the bark and the tree.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 303 So audacious as to go betweene barke and tree, breeding suspitions..betweene man and wife.
1805 M. Edgeworth Mod. Griselda v. 65 An instigator of quarrels between man and wife; or, according to the plebeian, but expressive apophthegm, one who would come between the bark and the tree. [Cf. Halliwell Dict. s.v., ‘Between the bark and the wood,’ a well-adjusted bargain, where neither party has the advantage.]
b. U.S. with the bark on, in a rough or unpolished form.
ΚΠ
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xv. 124 That is the word with the bark on it!
1903 N.Y. Sun 28 Nov. 7 Your Westerner with the bark on is fond of..picturesque figures of speech.
7. spec. in Medicine (also Jesuits' or Peruvian Bark): The bark of various species of the Cinchona tree, from which quinine is procured, formerly ground into powder and taken as a febrifuge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark
Peruvian bark1663
quinquina1681
Jesuits' Bark1704
quinaquina1708
quinquina1740
cinchona1742
quill bark1742
grey bark1781
red bark1782
bark-tree1783
yellow bark1794
cinchona-bark1811
crown bark1823
Loxa bark1825
Suriname bark1844
Lima bark1855
quinine tree1855
1704 I. Watts Life of Souls When bark and steel play well their game To save our sinking breath.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 344 Your Jesuits Bark had prov'd a Golden bough.
1790 Coll. Voy. round World VI. xxi. 2241 That excellent medicine, Peruvian bark.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. viii. 205 I have known a woman preach Jesuits' bark.
8. northern dialect. A candle-box. (See quot. 1878.)
ΚΠ
1878 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Bark, a cylindrical receptacle for candles; a candle-box. North. At first it was only a piece of bark nailed up against the wall.
Compounds
C1. General relations:
a. attributive or objective, as in bark-cloth, bark-dust, bark-mill, bark-puller, bark-string, bark-vat, bark-water, bark-wose.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat > types of
bark-vatc1440
bark-cobillc1550
handler1771
grainer1813
roundabout1842
rocker1876
suspender1882
lay-away1885
layer pit1901
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > dust of other specific materials
bark-dustc1440
pin powder1502
pin-dust1552
brick dust1573
gun dust1703
flue-dust1857
wood powder1870
pouce1880
stone-dust1896
paper dust1906
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > other
bark-clothc1440
sedge-rug1592
grass cloth1638
medrinaque1704
Russia matting1773
gnatoo1817
tapa1823
vegetable flannel1840
rabanna1863
kapa1909
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > woodworker > [noun] > one who strips bark from trees
bark-pullerc1440
barker1611
bark-peeler1862
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions
sumac?a1350
bark-waterc1440
oozea1450
owser1704
sour1756
souring1777
tan-pickle1820
gambier1853
kassu1862
tan-liquor1882
tan-ooze1901
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > twine or string > specific
bark-stringc1440
whipping twine1769
binder twine1890
a.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barkarys barkewatyr, naucea.
1483 Cath. Angl. 22/1 Barke duste or wose, frunium, ptipsana.
1569 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 307 Xl barke fatts xiijl. vjs. viijd.
1773 W. Barnard in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 218 The bark-pullers..were..alarmed by the shaking.
1854 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Central Amer. 13 Tied together with bark-strings.
1864 J. A. Grant Walk across Afr. 138 Or an Arab cloak or shawl of bark-cloth hung from his shoulder, reaching below the knee.
1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan II. 82 A skin or bark-cloth vest.
1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 276/1 Most tanners..grind it in a bark-mill.
1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization ii. 51 The people still wear their traditional bark-cloth, made from the fibrous inner bark of the paper-mulberry tree.
b. instrumental or limitative, as in bark-bared, bark-feeder, bark-formed, bark-tanned, bark-tanning.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > [noun] > converting to leather
tawing1408
barkingc1440
tewc1440
tanneryc1460
tanning1481
tannage1662
bark-tanning1707
leach1779
sumaching1792
chrome-tanning1882
stocking1883
sumac tanning1932
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [adjective] > tanned
tannedc1000
barkedc1430
tawed1545
well-tanned1583
bark-tanned1707
barkened1818
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [noun] > member of > defined by feeding or parasitism > parasite(s) > that feeds on bark
bark-feeder1707
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > [adjective] > stripped or made bare > stripped of skin, husk, or bark > stripped of bark
spoiledc1515
barkless1604
barked1611
disbarked1657
bark-bared1707
b.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 392 Excorticated and Bark-bared Trees.
1818 Art of preserving Feet 112 The ancient system of bark tanning.
1858 W. Ellis Three Visits Madagascar ii. 25 These bark-formed boards were laid side by side.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iv. 84 We see leaf-eating insects green, and bark-feeders mottled-grey.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 July 5/2 Bark-tanned goods.
C2. Special combinations:† bark-cobill n. Obsolete (German kubel) a bark-vat.
bark-bed n. a hot-bed made of spent bark from a tannery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > hotbed
hotbed1626
bark-bed1732
heat1796
ridge1798
1732 P. Miller Gardener's Kal. (1775) 70 The Coffee-trees..are placed in the bark-bed.
bark-beetle n. any beetle of the family Scolytidæ, the members of which burrow beneath the bark of woody plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Scolytidae > member of (bark-beetle)
timber-capricorn1803
timber-beetle1841
bark-borer1859
bark-beetle1862
pin borer1890
scolytid1890
timberman1894
engraver beetle1896
ambrosia beetle1897
pinhole borer1916
shot-hole borer1916
1862 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects Injurious to Vegetation (ed. 3) 85 Though these cylindrical bark-beetles are of small size, they multiply very fast.
1953 H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. xvi. 264 A very large group known as bark beetles, because they feed and breed in and beneath the bark of living or dead trees.
bark-borer n. U.S. a species of bark-beetle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Scolytidae > member of (bark-beetle)
timber-capricorn1803
timber-beetle1841
bark-borer1859
bark-beetle1862
pin borer1890
scolytid1890
timberman1894
engraver beetle1896
ambrosia beetle1897
pinhole borer1916
shot-hole borer1916
1859 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1857–8 3 345 Another species is that sometimes called the bark borer, from its feeding exclusively upon the cambium immediately beneath the bark.
bark-bound adj. hindered in growth by excessive tightness of the bark.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by quality or health > [adjective] > hidebound
bark-bound1623
hidebound1626
1623 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (rev. ed.) xiii. 43 Bark-bound... The best, & present remedy..is with your sharpe knife in the Spring, length-way to launch his barke throughout, on three or foure sides of his hoale.
1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants ii. i. ii. 62 Therefore are the Roots of many Herbs, Barque-bound, as well as the Trunks of Trees.
1831 On Planting ii. vi. 63 in Libr. Useful Knowl. To secure against any chill or sudden effect of cold, so as to bring about..the injury of being bark-bound, the most effectual impediment to growth either in height or thickness.
bark canoe n. U.S. a canoe made of birch-bark.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > vessels of primitive construction > [noun] > canoe of indigenous peoples > bark
bark canoe1725
north canoe1799
northern canoea1821
woodskin1825
birch1864
birch bark1868
cascara1882
1725 in H. S. Nourse Early Rec. Lancaster, Mass. (1884) 232 27 day we traveld down the river and found a bark cannow.
1755 L. Evans Anal. Map Colonies 27 (1) Toby's Creek, is passable with Bark Canoes a good way up.
1817 S. R. Brown Western Gazetteer 253 This renders the communication impassable in summer, except with small bark canoes.
1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Openings I. i. 12 A score of respectable families patiently waited for the arrival of the capacious bark canoe.
1888 Harper's Mag. Mar. 537/1 But only a bark canoe now and then comes along from one of the thirteen rivers.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > tan-vat > types of
bark-vatc1440
bark-cobillc1550
handler1771
grainer1813
roundabout1842
rocker1876
suspender1882
lay-away1885
layer pit1901
c1550 J. Balfour Practicks 588 The sype of thair bark cobill.
bark-galling n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > removing bark from trees
barking1545
bark-galling1742
1742 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Bark-galling is when trees are galled by being bound to stakes.
bark-heat n. that of a bark-bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > bed or plot > hotbed > heat of
bark-heat1781
1781 W. Cowper Let. 19 Feb. (1979) I. 448 I shall..keep them [sc. seeds]..in a Bark heat.
bark-house n. one in which bark is stored, a tan-house.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with skins or hides > [noun] > place where bark is stored
bark-house1483
tan-house1858
1483 Cath. Angl. 22/1 Barkhowse, frunitorium.
1541 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1857) I. 81 In ye barkhouse fyve dikar..tanned.
1660 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston 155 Henry Bridgam..sett part of his barke house upon part of the townes land.
1721 Boston Selectmen 83 Liberty..to erect a bark house near Snow Hill.
1824 in Thornton Amer. Gloss. Suppl. A bark-house, and a good iron bark-mill.
bark-hut n. a hut built with the bark of trees.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > types of
lonquhardc1480
hothouse1643
ajoupa1666
penthouse1683
pandal?1692
bark-hut1744
log-tent1748
log cabin1770
bush-hut1775
log-hut1778
yurt1780
isba1784
beach hut1806
whare1807
bough-house1811
pondok1815
grass hut1818
hartebeest house1818
leaf hut1818
gunyah1820
grass house1823
slab-and-bark hut1826
slab-and-shingle hut1826
slab whare1826
rondavel1829
bush-house1835
skerm1835
jacal1838
toldo1839
log-shanty1847
wurley1847
maloca1853
palm hut1853
whare1853
hutmenta1857
bush-shanty1857
benab1860
pondokkie1862
bothan1863
lanaia1869
hogan1872
tenta1873
beehive-hut1884
leaf shelter1886
Oklahoma1889
goondie1890
cabana1898
troolie hut1899
tukul1901
fale1902
banda1908
kya1909
hut1913
obi1913
Nissen hut1917
Nissen1919
basha1921
tourist cabin1928
bunkie1935
wanigan1937
Quonset hut1942
chickee1943
iron lung1943
Quonset1943
1744 F. Moore Voy. Georgia 123 Some bark-huts, which our friendly Indians had some time since built for their lodging.
1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. i. 2 We..talked of bark huts and bows and arrows.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right I. vi. 150 Bark-huts, of which both sides, and sometimes doors, are composed of sheets of the flattened eucalyptus bark.
1904 Daily Chron. 25 May 3/5 Nomad bark-hut settlements of the natives [during a Siberian journey].
bark-louse n. U.S. any one of a number of aphids infesting the bark of trees.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Aphis > infesting bark
bark-worm1655
bark-louse1841
1841 in Johnson Farm Encycl. (1868) 137/2 (D.A.E.) The bark lice are found apparently torpid..sticking..closely to the bark.
1852 Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. 199 Bark lice and Caterpillar; wash them [apple trees] with lye.
1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 223 Fruit-trees should be again washed and rubbed to kill off the young Bark-lice, of which the common apple Bark-louse..is a too familiar example.
1884 Rep. Commissioner Agric. 352 The ordinary food-plant of this species of bark-louse is the Soft or Silver maple.
1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles vi. 153 They [sc. Emesinæ] may also feed on insects already trapped in spiders' webs and they can attack bark-lice (Psocids) through their web.
bark-mill n. U.S. a mill in which tanning bark is ground.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > other hide-working equipment
beaming-knife1530
scutching knife1688
bark-mill1749
otter-board1771
barkometer1821
belt knife1831
hide-worker1885
down-puller1971
1749 J. Eliot Contin. Ess. Field-husbandry in New Eng. 14 Take your Clover Hay to a Tanners Bark-mill, where they use a Stone Wheel, grind it, and clear it from the chaff.
1824 Rouse's Print Harbinger 17 Feb. 4/2 A Bark-house, and a good iron Bark-mill.
1831 Louisville Publ. Adv. 1 Sept. Bark Mills, Wind Mill Irons... A supply of the above article on hand.
1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xxi. 209 He..goes at it with the reluctance of an old horse in a bark-mill.
1861 S. Clemens in O. J. Victor Hist. Southern Rebellion I. 270 He must recede as submissively as a blind horse in a bark-mill.
1885Bark-mill [see Compounds 1a]. bark-peeler n. (a) a person who peels bark from a tree; (b) an implement for peeling bark.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > other tools and equipment
pollhache1324
poleaxe1356
muckrake1366
pestlea1382
botea1450
staff1459
press-board1558
reel1593
water crane1658
lathekin1659
tower1662
dressing hook1683
liner1683
hovel1686
flax-brake1688
nipper1688
horse1728
tap1797
feather-stick1824
bow1839
safety belt1840
economizer1841
throttle damper1849
cleat1854
leg brace1857
bark-peeler1862
pugging screw1862
nail driver1863
spool1864
turntable1865
ovate1872
tension bar1879
icebreaker1881
spreader1881
toucher1881
window pole1888
mushroom head1890
rat1894
slackline1896
auger1897
latch hook1900
thimble1901
horse1904
pipe jack1909
mulcher1910
hand plate1911
splashguard1917
cheese-cutter1927
airbrasive1945
impactor1945
fogger1946
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > woodworker > [noun] > one who strips bark from trees
bark-pullerc1440
barker1611
bark-peeler1862
1862 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1861: Agric. 414 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (37th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 39) V Tanneries sprang into existence..and the bark-peelers and teamsters..made the whole region one of active and prosperous industry.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 376/1 All textile work [of American Indians] was done by hand; the only devices known were the bark-peeler, the shredder [etc.].
1925 E. Hemingway In our Time (1926) i. 18 The shanties where the Indian bark-peelers lived.
1961 M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage i. ii. 36 In Cumberland some sixty years ago barkpeelers built themselves huts which consisted of four poles lashed in pairs to support a ridge piece.
bark-pit n. a pit filled with bark and water in which hides are steeped in tanning.
bark-stone n. = castor n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > inguinal sac(s) > castor
castor1601
bark-stone1806
1806 M. Lewis Jrnl. 7 Jan. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1990) VI. 175 The male beaver has six stones, two of which..are called the bark stones or castors.
1817 Ann. Reg. 1816 Nat. Hist. 551/2 To prepare beaver-bait, the castor or bark stone is first gently pressed from the bladder-like bag which contains it.
1817 Ann. Reg. 1816 Nat. Hist. 552/1 The bark stones are two inches in length.
bark-stove n. a glazed structure placed over a bark-bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > glazed frame or cloche
framea1678
hand glass1727
garden frame1731
bark-stove1732
garden-glass1732
handlight1786
tan-stove1828
cold frame1851
cloche1882
1732 P. Miller Gardener's Kal. (1775) 159 Exotic plants..especially those in the bark-stove.
bark-tree n. English name of the Cinchonas.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark
Peruvian bark1663
quinquina1681
Jesuits' Bark1704
quinaquina1708
quinquina1740
cinchona1742
quill bark1742
grey bark1781
red bark1782
bark-tree1783
yellow bark1794
cinchona-bark1811
crown bark1823
Loxa bark1825
Suriname bark1844
Lima bark1855
quinine tree1855
1783 Davidson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 455 (heading) Bark-Tree.
1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. I. ii. 59 note The orange bark-tree (Cinchona lancifolia)..the red bark-tree (C. oblongifolia).
bark-worm n. (= bark-louse n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Aphis > infesting bark
bark-worm1655
bark-louse1841
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xi. 104 Titmise, feed..upon caterpillers,..bark worms and flies.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling 19 Bark-worm or Ashgrub, found under the bark of an oak, ash, or beech.
Draft additions June 2016
Originally and chiefly U.S. A sweet confection consisting of chocolate (sometimes dark and white chocolate in two layers) with a smooth underside and a top studded with candy, nuts, fruits, etc., fancifully likened to the bark of a tree; (also) a piece of this. Usually with modifying word, as almond bark, peppermint bark, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > chocolate
jessamy-chocolate1697
milk chocolate1723
plain chocolate1737
chocolate drop1764
chocolate cream1851
chocolate1852
chocolate liqueur1864
chocolate button1865
choc1874
chocolate bar1875
choccy1885
langue de chat1897
black chocolate1902
soft centre1902
truffle1902
liqueur chocolate1904
bar1906
bark1910
chocolate coin1910
white chocolate1917
dark chocolate1930
Mars bar1932
Smarties1939
nutty1947
liqueur1965
1910 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 30 Aug. 1242/1 ‘Chocolate Bark.’ (For a Chocolate Confection.)
1940 Hammond (Indiana) Times 24 Oct. 9/3 (advt.) Milk Chocolate Pecan Bark.
1995 Minnesota Monthly Feb. 81/1 Shari Candies in Edina sells kosher almond bark.
2006 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 2 Feb. 18p From an assortment of truffles, toffees and barks to gimmicky items like chocolate cigars, golf balls and corporate logos, it's the next best thing to Willy Wonka.
2015 P. C. Nichols Christmas Portrait ix. 83 When the white chocolate was ready, I brought the fudge in for Granny to pour the peppermint bark on top.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
barkbarquen.2
/bɑːk/, U.S. /bɑrk/ 1.
a. A small ship; in earlier times, a general term for all sailing vessels of small size, e.g. fishing-smacks, xebecs, pinnaces; in modern use, applied poetically or rhetorically to any sailing vessel, ‘our gallant bark’; = barge n.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun]
bark1477
sail1517
winged wain1605
sailing-boat1721
sailing-vesselc1748
hogboat1784
sail-boat1798
sail-shipa1850
sailer1871
sailing-ship1871
windjammer1880
windbag1924
windship1934
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > [noun] > rowing boat > other types of rowing boat
coblec950
row barge1466
bark1477
rowing barge1548
galley1570
caïque1625
catur1653
dory1726
skiff1793
dinghy1810
panga1811
dinghy1818
randan1838
dragon boat1846
guinea-boat1867
drive boat1879
pea pod1884
in-rigger1893
pointer1901
sandolo1928
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 140 Somme sayde that Iason was reentred in to the barque.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxliv. f. clxvi Flemynges, the whiche Shyppyd them in smalle Caruyles and Barkys.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Barke or little shyppe, lembus.
1585 Act 27 Eliz. ii. §9 Every Owner and Master of any Ship, Bark or Boat.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vi. 15 The skarfed barke puts from her natiue bay. View more context for this quotation
1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. x. 93 A Pirates Barke, well trimmed and rigged against stormes.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 288 Whose Bark..Or Pinnace anchors in a craggy Bay. View more context for this quotation
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) iii. 59 Seamen..do sometimes Sail in small Barks, sometimes in midling Ships, and sometimes in great Vessels of Defence.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 182 We launch a Bark to plow the watry Plains.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. E3v Bark,..a general name given to small ships.
1851 W. H. Dixon W. Penn v. 164 Who had..crossed the Atlantic in their frail barks.
b. figurative. (Cf. ship n.1, vessel n.1 4a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > course or span of life > conveyance for sea of life
barge1526
bark1605
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ss3v Many other barques of knowledge haue beene cast away. View more context for this quotation
1806 H. K. White Let. 25 June in Remains (1807) I. 228 The poor bark of mortality.
1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais lv. 25 My spirit's bark is driven, Far from the shore.
2. A rowing boat; formerly a large flat boat, a barge; now only poetically and vaguely; cf. sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > types of
sedge-boat1336
shout1395
scout1419
pink1471
punt-boatc1500
palander1524
pram1531
punt1556
bark1598
sword-pink1614
pont1631
schuit1666
pontoon1681
bateau1711
battoe1711
flight1769
scow1780
keel-boat1786
ferry flat1805
ark1809
panga1811
mackinaw boat1812
mudboat1824
pinkie1840
mackinaw1842
sharpie1860
sculling float1874
pass-boat1875
sled1884
scow sloop1885
sharp1891
johnboat1894
ballahoo1902
pram1929
goelette1948
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun]
shipc725
beamOE
boardOE
bargea1300
steera1300
vessela1300
treea1382
loomc1400
man1473
ark1477
bottom1490
keela1547
riverboat1565
craft1578
pine1592
class1596
flood-bickerer1599
pitchboard1599
stern-bearer1599
wooden horse1599
wooden isle1603
water treader?1615
water house1616
watercraft1618
machine1637
prore1642
lightman1666
embarkation1690
bark1756
prowa1771
Mudian1813
bastiment1823
hooker1823
nymph1876
M.F.V.1948
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 136 One cart to cary a bridge bark [i.e. for constructing a bridge].
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Barque, a barke, little ship, great boat.
1715 London Gaz. No. 5384/7 A Distribution was made among the Fleet of the Barks for landing the Infantry and the Shallops for towing those Barks.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 63 Let him not send us to sea..in an open barque, and without a pilot.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 174 A bark with lusty rowers well supplied.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. xxxi. 98 The..swain..May lightly row his bark to shore.
3. spec. A sailing vessel of particular rig; in 17th cent. sometimes applied to the barca-longa of the Mediterranean; now to a three-masted vessel with fore- and main-masts square-rigged, and mizenmast ‘fore-and-aft’ rigged: till recent times a comparatively small vessel; now there are many of 3,000 to 5,000 tons, nearly all the larger steamers being barks. (In this sense frequently spelt barque by way of distinction.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > with specific rig > combining qualities of two types > barque or barquentine
bark1601
barquentine1693
barkey1703
jackass barque1861
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 190 The Cyrenians made fregates; the Phœnicians the bark, the Rhodians the Pinace and Brigantine.
1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 23 You had want of long barks against the Æginetæ.
1687 London Gaz. No. 2228/1 Four Gallies, 4 Galiots, 2 Barques, and some other Vessels are fitting here.
1687 London Gaz. No. 2248/1 The Bark that attends these Gallies is laden with Ammunition..and has likewise on board 30 Soldiers.
1722 London Gaz. No. 6096/1 A French Snow or Bark..The said Snow had two Masts, and is of the Burthen of 50 or 60 Tons.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. E3v Bark..is peculiarly appropriated by seamen to those which carry three masts without a mizen top-sail.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. *J3 Pinasse, a square-sterned vessel, called in England a bark.
1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 422 On board the Endeavour Bark, in a Voyage round the World.
1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. 323 It was not the brig, but a bark.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxix. 292 A steamer and a barque passed up.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > sailor on barge or lighter
keeler1322
lighterman1463
bargeman1465
keelman1516
wherryman1535
bark-man1588
pug1591
barger1602
western man1607
bargee1669
keel-bully1699
1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 17v When they are laden, the Barke men thrust the boate with her lading into the streame.
bark-rigged adj. rigged like a barque.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > rigged > in specific ways
lateen1540
high-riggeda1547
tall1548
well-rigged1577
under-sailed1599
over-rigged1627
schooner-rigged1769
sloop-rigged1769
ketch-rigged1775
spritsail1791
brig-rigged1796
square-rigged1802
ship-rigged1803
taunt-rigged1825
Bermudian-rigged1846
Bermudian1847
maphrodite1849
bark-rigged1858
butter-rigged1881
jackass rigged1883
1858 Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 243 The Ava was..barque-rigged.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
barkn.3
/bɑːk/, U.S. /bɑrk/ 1. The sharp explosive cry uttered by dogs; the similar sound made by other animals, e.g. foxes and squirrels.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > bark or yelp
yelp?a1513
bark1550
youp1808
wough1824
yawp1824
yap1826
boof1906
wow1913
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > sound made by > bark
bark1550
yaff1609
bow-wow1785
wough1824
wuff1824
yamph1832
yaffle1836
1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) ii. v. sig. Dviii At euery dogs barke, seeme not to awake.
1796 R. Southey Occas. Pieces vii, in Wks. (1837) II. 231 From many a day-dream has thy short quick bark Recall'd my wandering soul.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. i. 3 The dog's bark and howl signify..very different things.
2.
a. transferred or figurative; e.g. the sound of cannon-firing; colloquial a cough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun] > of guns or shells
flash in the pan1566
bark1871
phut1874
prut1898
pip-pop1902
bom1906
crump1914
crumping1919
poop1919
cough1928
1871 Echo 9 Jan. 5/1 The deep bark of our monster war-dogs.
1885 N.E.D. at Bark Mod. What a desperate bark you have! Try some jujubes.
b. contrasted with bite, esp. in his bark is worse than his bite: his angry words, threats, etc., are worse than the actual performance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [noun] > angry speech
misword?c1225
hard words1583
storm1602
bark1663
warmth1710
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > [noun] > verbal threatening > threatening language
bark1663
1663 W. Sharp in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1884) I. 131 It..is intended that that letter shall be a great bark if not a byt.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vii. 186 ‘Monkbarns's bark,’ said Miss Griselda Oldbuck..‘is muckle waur than his bite.’
1842 T. De Quincey Cicero in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 2/2 The bark of electioneering mobs is worse than their bite.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
barkv.1
/bɑːk/, U.S. /bɑrk/ 1. intransitive. To utter a sharp explosive cry. (Originally of dogs, hence of other animals, and spec. of foxes at rutting-time.) Const. at (on, upon, against, obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > bark or yelp
barkc885
yawpc1400
baffc1440
yowta1525
bawl1556
chant1573
blaff1699
youp1855
whoof1863
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > bark
barkc885
galec1275
abayc1400
baffc1440
bawl1556
waff1570
baugh1576
prate1592
gladish1608
waffle1698
yamph1718
woof1804
allatrate1806
yaff1808
bow-wow1832
yaffle1847
kyoodle1935
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of fox)
ganne1607
bark1632
c885 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xv. 89 Dumbe hundas ne mágon beorcan.
c1000 Ælfric Gram. xxii. (Zup.) 129 Hund byrcþ.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10648 Beorkeð [c1300 Otho borkeþ] his hundes.
c1330 Kyng of Tars 398 Ther stod hir bifore An hundred houndes blake, And borken on hire lasse and more.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 47 He koured lowe to bi-hold..whi his hound berkyd.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 222 Þe whelpus..Burke fast at þe kyng.
1595 L. B. in E. Spenser Astrophel sig. H3v Wolues do howle and barke.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 385 Harke, harke, bowgh wawgh: the watch-Dogges barke.
1632 Guillim's Display of Heraldrie (ed. 2) iii. xiv. 177 You shall say, a Foxe Barketh.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 115. ⁋9 All the little Dogs in the Street..barked at him.
1877 W. C. Bryant Among Trees 76 And the brisk squirrel..barks with childish glee.
2.
a. figurative. To speak or cry out in a tone or temper that suggests the bark of a dog. to bark against (or at) the moon: to clamour or agitate to no effect. to bark up the wrong tree (originally U.S.): to make a mistake in one's object of pursuit or the means taken to attain it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > protest or remonstrate [verb (intransitive)] > aggressively, loudly, or angrily
bark?c1225
crusade1732
to scream (also cry, yell, etc.) blue murder1828
to pop off1914
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail [verb (intransitive)] > expend effort in vain
to lose or spill one's whilec1175
to speak to the windc1330
tinec1330
to beat the windc1375
lose?a1513
to boil, roast, or wash a stonea1529
to lose (one's) oil1548
to plough the sand (also sands)a1565
to wash an ass's head (or ears)1581
to wash an Ethiop, a blackamoor (white)1581
to wash a wall of loam, a brick or tilea1600
to milk the bull (also he-goat, ram)1616
to bark against (or at) the moona1641
dead horse1640
to cast stones against the wind1657
dry-ditcha1670
baffle1860
to go, run or rush (a)round in circles1933
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > mistake [phrase]
to miss the cushiona1529
to get, have, or take the (or a) wrong (or right) sow by the ear1546
to pray without one's beads1641
to have the wrong end of the stick?1793
to bark up the wrong tree1832
the boot (is) on the wrong leg or foot1834
to have another think coming1896
you have another guess coming1935
to be off the beam1941
blow1943
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 98 Ȝef þu berkest aȝein þu art hundecunnes.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls Ser.) VII. 443 Þey..dorste nouȝt berke [v.r. breke] for drede of oon man.
?1531 H. Latimer Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. 118 That the Scripture & not the Translation, that ye bark against, calling it new lerning.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvi. 110 Ȝe cry & berkis ilk ane contrar vthirs.
a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea i. i, in Wks. (1874) VI. 370 He hath such honourable friends to guard him, We should in that but bark against the moon.
1761 C. Churchill Apol. 15 Though Mimics bark, and Envy split her cheek.
1832 J. Hall Legends of West 46 You are barking up the wrong tree, Johnson.
1841 Congress. Globe 25 Jan. App. 153 The stockjobbers were barking up the wrong tree when they wrote those letters.
1855 Haliburton Hum. Nat. 124 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms If you think to run a rig on me, you have made a mistake in the child, and barked up the wrong tree.
1887 Notes & Queries 17 Sept. 221 Mr. Rye is barking up the wrong tree.
1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy xxii. 153 ‘Ouch..!’ barked Royal lumbering outwards like a great pot-walloping elephant through the shallows.
1961 Technology Feb. 31/1 Her researches show the Government to be barking up the wrong tree.
b. To call out or ‘spiel’ at the entrance of a cheap shop or show to attract customers. (Cf. barker n.1 2) U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > exhibit [verb (intransitive)] > attract customers
bark1904
1904 G. V. Hobart Jim Hickey v. 84 We could make sandwich money in front of a hootchy-kooch palace, barking at the Rubes.
1908 K. McGaffey Sorrows of Show Girl 16 By gum, I'd take a job barking for a snake race.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xiii. 224 Pat, ready to take tickets, was ‘barking’ vigorously in the direction of the shore, addressing a crowd.
1948 Time 19 July 90/2 [It] was another triumph for Liberty's brand of mass production plus carnival barking.
3. colloquial.
Categories »
a. To cough.
b. To emit an explosive sound, esp. of a firearm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [verb (intransitive)] > of guns or shells
speak1707
bark1853
crump1915
1853 F. W. Thomas John Randolph & Other Sketches 132 These boats bark so you can hardly hear yourself talk.
1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) iii. xiii. 342 The Colt's forty-five barked once, and then again.
ΚΠ
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 170 Gyf hwa þas wyrte mid him hafað..ne mæg he fram hundum beon borcen.
5. transitive or with subordinate clause (also bark out, bark forth): To utter or give forth with a bark; to break out with, burst forth with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > utter loudly or angrily
yeiea1225
call?c1250
soundc1374
ringa1400
upcasta1400
barkc1440
resound?c1525
blustera1535
brawl1563
thunder1592
out-thunder?1611
peal1611
tonitruate1623
intonatea1631
mouth1700
rip1828
boom1837
explode1839
clamour1856
blare1859
foghorn1886
megaphone1901
gruff1925
loudmouth1931
woof1934
c1440 Morte Arth. 1351 He berkes myche boste.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. viii. 1331/1 The abominable heresie..whiche impudentlye barketh, that the Ministers of the holy aultar maye and ought to vse wyues lawfully.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 224 New imaginations and conceites..which they continually barke foorth.
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. I3 Cerberus, whose many mouthes doo bay And barke out flames.
1644 E. Dering Disc. Proper Sacrifice C iij Others bark the Counter-tenour.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 33 The dog bark'd a welcome.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Boädicea in Enoch Arden, etc. 170 Bark an answer, Britain's raven!
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 131 Both the muzzles tilted a little and barked off another flight of shells.
1922 Notes & Queries 12th Ser. 11 206/2 A stable secret which has leaked out and is common property is referred to as ‘the dogs are barking it’.
6. To drive away or back by barking.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > by various types of noise
hoot1393
hiss1519
hollo away?1602
vociferate1794
trumpet1795
bark1829
1829 M. Mitford in The Gem 195 Frisk's own doggish exploit in barking away a set of pilferers.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors II. iii. 42 The Dog..would have barked the breathing intruder an hundredfold back to earth.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
barkv.2
/bɑːk/, U.S. /bɑrk/ 1. intransitive (with over) To form a bark.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > of wound: heal > heal over
barka1400
skin1578
cicatrize1582
incarnate1674
scab1683
incarn1689
scar1888
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 11824 Wiþ skratting he toke þe skurf he barked ouer as a turfe.
2. transitive. To treat with bark, steep in an infusion of bark; to tan.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather
taw?c1225
tewc1330
barkc1430
tanc1440
sumac1792
c1430 [implied in: J. Lydgate Minor Poems 53 As barkid ledir his face is shynyng. (at barked adj. 2)].
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 25 Barkyn lethyr, frunio, tanno.
1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII xix. Pream. Whedder the ledder be sufficiantly tanned and barked.
1565 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 244 One hyde yt he had to barke for me.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 152 They buy leather & barks it.
1865 Routledge's Mag. for Boys Nov. 687 A cellar..used for the purpose of barking the nets of the fishermen.
3.
a. To strip off the bark from (a tree); to cut off a complete circle of bark from it, so as to kill it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip of skin, husk, or bark > strip of bark
bark1545
unbark?1567
disbark1578
spoil1578
delibrate1623
debark1744
rend1893
1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII vi. §4 If any Person..unlawfully bark any Apple-trees.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 541 If trees be barked round about, they will die.
1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) 429 Mice..are apt to bark and to kill young trees.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 373 Barked the bole, and broke the bough.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 70 Would barke your honor from that trunke you beare, And leaue you naked. View more context for this quotation
c. transferred. To scrape or rub off the skin (esp. from the shins and joints); to graze, abrade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze
cratchc1320
scrat1340
cramse1440
scratch1474
crutch1481
rata1560
razea1586
gravel1608
ravel1621
graze1701
ruffle1731
skin1795
bark1850
1850 B. Taylor Eldorado I. xvii. 171 Barking my hand on the rough bark of a branchless pine.
1880 W. Besant & J. Rice Seamy Side in Time II. 337 He had barked his elbows, broken his shins.
4. To enclose with or as with bark; to encrust.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > encrust
barken1513
crust1545
impaste1548
incrustate1570
befur1581
scurf1599
overcrust1603
cake1609
imbake1632
bark1633
encrusta1691
becrust1830
accrust1842
overscurf1881
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose in a receptacle or surrounding mass > in or as a surrounding mass > specific
bark1633
incrystal1648
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 19) 1013 Those Anchorites that have bark'd up themselves in hollow trees.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xxix. 128 From head to foot, A tetter bark'd them round.
1840 T. De Quincey Style in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 9/1 Some scaly leprosy..barking and hide-binding..the elastic flesh.
5. to bark (a squirrel, etc.): see quot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)] > by specific method
sticklOE
worry1340
strikea1400
spaya1425
lipc1475
smeek1691
pith1805
whoo-whoop1812
halal1819
to bark1865
destroy1866
flight1892
lethalize1897
lethal1922
1828 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 294 A common way of killing squirrels is..to strike with the ball the bark of the tree immediately beneath the squirrel; the concussion produced by which kills the animal instantly without mutilating it.]
1865 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 29 May, Fellows that with their heavy barrels and small-bores can ‘bark a squirrel.’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
† barkv.3
Obsolete. rare.
To embark.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > embark or take ship
shipa1122
to take (one's) shippinga1300
to take waterc1425
boat1540
embarka1586
bark1592
to get aboarda1616
1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in True Vse Armorie 36 Which valiant Earle Plantagenet namde At Hampton barkt, at Burdeux doth arive.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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