overtakev.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/

Inflections: Past tense overtook; past participle overtaken;

Forms: see over- prefix and take v.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, take v.

Etymology: < over- prefix + take v. Compare to take over at take v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 7b compare undertake v. Compare earlier oftake v., and note at over- prefix 1n.

†1.

a. transitive. To get at, to reach; to reach with a blow; to hit. Also figurative. Obsolete.In quot. c1225 intransitive: to reach to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take to or towards oneself

overtakec1225

reachc1440

society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]

to come toOE

comeOE

yworthOE

lend11..

lightc1225

overtakec1225

redea1275

wina1300

'rivec1300

repaira1325

applyc1384

to come ina1399

arrivec1400

attainc1400

alightc1405

to come to handc1450

unto-comec1450

apport1578

to get through1589

reach1591

to be along1597

land1679

engage1686

to get in1863

to breeze in1930

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake

betakea1000

oftakelOE

overtakec1225

ofgoc1300

under-get1390

attain1393

overget?a1400

overgoc1425

gaincopec1440

overhiec1440

overhalec1540

overcatch1570

overhent1590

win1596

to grow on or upon1603

catcha1616

to fetch up1622

to fetch of, upon1659

overhaul1793

to meet up with1837

to catch up1838

to get past1857

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)]

overtakec1225

covera1375

accede1465

penetrate1530

to get through1589

pervene1589

reach1591

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach (a point or place) [verb (transitive)]

areach1014

reachOE

ofreachlOE

overtakec1225

catchc1330

acomec1350

touchc1384

getc1390

to come at ——a1393

henta1393

overreacha1400

win?1473

aspire1581

obtain1589

attainc1592

make1610

gaina1616

acquire1665

advene1684

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 550 Hit as hit turnde ne ouer toke [v.r. ouer teoc] nohwer bineoðen to þer eorðe.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1816 (MED) Þe fifte þat he ouer-tok, Gaf he a ful sor dint ok.

c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 510 Abbot or priour, monk or chanoun That Gamelyn ouertok anon þey ȝeedon doun.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 192 To tak ony man of that contree..yat he may ourta.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 381 He all till-hewyt that he our-tuk.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1578 (MED) He bare on his nek a croke; Woo were the man that he ouertoke.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Giii ^v To hitte or ouertake, attaindre.

a1646 D. Wedderburn Vocabula (1685) 28 Percussit me pugno, he overtook me with his steecked nieff.

1680 Life Edward II in Harl. Misc. I. 87 The bruit of this novelty, like a Welch hubbub, had quickly overtaken the willing ears of the displeased Commons.

b. intransitive. Of fire: to catch, to take hold. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > catch fire or begin to burn > of fire: to catch

overtakea1400

take1523

catch1530

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6759 If fire be kyndel and ouer-tak Thoru feld, or corn, or mou, or stak.

a. transitive. Originally: to encounter or catch up with (a person travelling in the same direction). Now usually: to pass (a person or thing, esp. a vehicle, travelling in the same direction). Also figurative. †well overtaken: a traveller's greeting to a person he or she has overtaken (cf. well-met int.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > overtake

overtake1936

pass1943

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 82 Þe fend..warð ibunden hetefaste wið þe hali monnes beodes, þat ouertoken him as ho stuhen upward toward heuene.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 71 (MED) After horn he arnde anon..He him ouertok, ywis.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2313 Iosep haueð hem after sent. Ðis sonde hem ouertakeð raðe.

c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 682 But that science is so fer vs biforn We mowen nat, al thogh we hadde it sworn, It ouertake, it slit awey so faste; It wol vs maken beggers atte laste.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 100 Þai will owertake wylde bestes and sla þam.

c1480 (a1400) St. Cecilia 76 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 370 In a rew, callit ‘via apia’, syndry poure men þu sal ourta.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 33 (MED) When thei were passed thourgh, thei ouertoke [Fr. trouerent] a carl.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. B1 God blesse you my friend, and well ouertaken.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. ii. 5 Faire sir, you are well ore-tane.

1642 J. Row Red-shankes Serm. sig. A3 The kirk..ran away from Rome: but hard did they follow her, faine would they have overtaken her..but (God be thanked) shee ran too fast for them.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 1 You are wel overtaken Sir; a good morning to you; I have stretch'd my legs up Totnam Hil to overtake you.

1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man v. 63 My Prayers are heard: Justice at length has overta'en the Murderer.

a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 158 His helpless offspring soon O'erta'en beheld.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. vi. 78 Perhaps we may overtake the two young men.

1888 A. S. Swan Doris Cheyne viii. 134 She would walk along the Keswick Road..until the coach should overtake her.

1936 J. Prioleau Motorist's Compan. xxix. 418 The commoner examples of dangerous driving are..cutting-in and overtaking another car travelling at any but an obviously lower speed.

1949 J. A. Steers et al. Lake's Physical Geogr. (ed. 2) i. ix. 126 The cold front gradually advances relative to the warm front and finally overtakes it.

1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 27 The wagon driver pomps the horn again as we overtake him up the hill out of Brighouse.

b. intransitive. Originally: to catch up with a person travelling in the same direction. Now usually: to pass a person, vehicle, etc., travelling in the same direction. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xi. 10 If forsoþe þou shal folewen, þou shalt not ouertaken, & if þou shul renne before, þou shalt not ascapen.

1599 J. Weever Epigrammes sig. F He may long follow e're he ouertake.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xv. 9 The enemie said, I will pursue, I wil ouertake, I wil diuide the spoile: my lust shall be satisfied vpon them.

1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 30 Nor yet, must we Run then like spoakes in wheeles eternally And never overtake.

1697 D. Baker Fugitive in Poems upon Several Occasions 29 Follow 'er, and either overtake, or die.

1766 J. Beattie Epist. Blacklock in Poems Several Subj. 147 Behind, with renovated force, Care and Disgust pursue our slackening course, And shall o'ertake.

1844 I. Williams Baptistery II. iv. 66 To and fro They meet and overtake, and come and go, Men lab'ring for each other.

1875 Ld. Neave Grimm's Law in Songs & Verses 24 Each rides as in fear lest his steed be forsaken, But he ne'er overtakes, and is ne'er overtaken.

1903 J. London Call of Wild vii. 202 The wolf fled at sight of him. He followed,..in a frenzy to overtake.

1973 R. Hill Ruling Passion ii. iv. 114 A slow lorry suddenly appeared ahead... He swung out sharply to overtake.

1996 Independent 24 Jan. 5/2 Things that particularly annoyed motorists were drivers..whoe overtook on the inside lane and people speeding in urban areas.

c. transitive. To become greater or more successful than. In early use frequently in Economics.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase beyond

overgrow1538

surcrease1603

outgrow1629

overtake1840

1840 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 2 449 In 1837, the consumption had again overtaken the production.

1891 Econ. Jrnl. 1 670 The short periods of expansion in the coal trade, due to the demand overtaking the supply.

1911 Chambers's Jrnl. May 336/2 When the hundred tabulators get into action they can overtake the daily output of tags from the three hundred punching-machines.

1959 W. Z. Laqueur Soviet Union & Middle East 258 Moscow was soon to show that the old slogan of ‘catching up with and overtaking America’ could make sense in the field of political warfare as well.

1993 Hispanic Business Oct. 6/1 Salsa overtook ketchup as America's most popular sauce.

†3.

a. transitive. To capture or seize (a person); to arrest. Also: to surprise or detect in a fault, crime, or offence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > detect > detect (a person) in wrongdoing or predicament

finda1200

overtakea1325

takec1330

oftakea1382

overgoa1400

deprehenda1535

reprehend1538

to find out1545

surprise?1592

nail1766

pawl1859

bust1960

a1325 St. Michael (Corpus Cambr.) 143 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 303 (MED) A womman mid childe com in atte nende And nas noȝt so swift as oþer were aȝen forto wende, And þe se hure ouertok [c1300 Laud. for-closede].

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 302 Ȝif ich hir loued & it wist he & he miȝt ouer-take me, He wald anon mine heued of smite.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 13700 Þe phariseus..broght a wijf þat þai in hordam had ouertan.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1232 If sche ȝit be ouer-tayn,..Sche salbe cursid for þat same þing.

1500 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 81 Gif ony personis of the saidis craftis beis ouertane wyrkand with cardis notit or previt apone him he sall pay [etc.]

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gal. vi. A Yf eny man be ouertaken of a faute [mā (man) in text].

1551–2 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 123 Thaim..at..beis ourtane and convict.

1609 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 23 I am..sorie that all the principall men are escaped..bot I hope that my lordis diligence, wisdome and gud luk sall owertak thame.

1618 in W. Fraser Annandale Family Bk. II. 278 I hope your ladyship may overtake him for his doings.

1729 C. Coffey Beggar's Wedding i. i. 7 He was overtaken with a Silver Spoon in his Pocket, which he had stol'n out of a Dish of Broth a poor Servant had given him for Charity.

1802 C. Lamb John Woodvil iii. 60 Twas pleasanter, when the other saint..was overtaken in the act to plead an illusio visûs, and maintain his sanctity.

1896 Argosy Feb. 428/2 Several of my companions had been overtaken and butchered.

b. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To find guilty or convict in a court of law. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)]

fordeemc1000

attain1330

filec1330

condemna1340

shape1340

dem1377

convictc1380

reprovea1382

damnc1384

overtakea1393

attainta1400

taintc1400

commita1425

vanquish1502

convincea1535

cast1536

convanquish1540

deprehend1598

forejudge1603

do1819

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 2098 (MED) And tho that weren with him take, Whiche of tresoun were overtake, Togedre in o sentence falle.

1460 Ayr Burgh Court Bks. 3 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 169/1 The sayd Marion..was owrtane & filit be ane grete assis of all the said puncteis.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 55 Thir thre planly, War with ane assis thar ourtane.

1496–7 in J. Fullarton Rec. Burgh Prestwick (1834) 33 Will Haver was our tane for a commoun seller of pettis.

1517 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 84 Quhare ony personis beis notit and ourtane of sic convocacioun and trubillis making, that thai be ponist tharfore.

4. transitive. Of an illness, misfortune, etc.: to come upon (a person or thing), esp. suddenly or unexpectedly; to beset; to catch unprepared.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience

ymetec893

findeOE

meetOE

counterc1325

overtakec1390

limp?a1400

tidea1400

runa1450

to fall with ——?c1475

onlightc1475

recounterc1485

recount1490

to come in witha1500

occur1531

to fall on ——1533

to fall upon ——1533

beshine1574

rencontre1582

entertain1591

cope with1594

happen1594

tocome1596

incur1599

forgather1600

thwart1601

to fall in1675

cross1684

to come across ——1738

to cross upon (or on)1748

to fall across ——1760

experience1786

to drop in1802

encounter1814

to come upon ——1820

to run against ——1821

to come in contact with1862

to run across ——1864

to knock or run up against1886

to knock up against1887

c1390 (c1350) Proprium Sanctorum in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1888) 81 309 (MED) But ȝif ȝe wolde leeue þis wiþ þe euerlastinge, I-wis, ȝe ben ouertake wiþ mis-bileeue, Þat sore aftur wol ȝow greue.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 700 (MED) Wherof these erthli housebondes For evere myhte ensample take If such a chaunce hem overtake.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 4721 (MED) Qualme has bestes alle ouer-tane.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 51 The longes woo cometh ofte of yvel eire; The stomake eke of eire is overtake.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 139 And the deith ourtak the in trespas.

1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) 15 Nycht had thame ourtane.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. x. 11 Yon ribaudred Nagge of Egypt, (Whom Leprosie o're-take).

1692 Processes Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1983) V. 233/2 Jonett Henderson..decrepit and infirm and now overtaken with povertie.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xiii Now Age has overtaken me; and Want..has wholly disenabl'd me.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. viii. 234 When any Accident threatens us, we are not to despair, nor when it overtakes us, to grieve.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 58 So unfortunate as to be overtaken by a thunder storm.

1813 C. Quigley Poems 145 We fear'd we should be overtaken by night.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 222 The magnitude of the disaster which had overtaken him.

1935 Sci. Monthly Jan. 90 It was this disease [sc. pneumonia] that finally overtook him.

1944 Visct. Montgomery Speech 24 Mar. in Mem. (1958) xiii. 227 We have only ourselves to blame for the disasters that early overtook us in the field.

1986 E. Longford Pebbled Shore (1988) vii. 103 I had not seen Edward in his youthful beauty, before the fatal addiction to food overtook him.

5. transitive. To overpower the will, senses, or feelings of; to win over, captivate; to overwhelm with emotion. Chiefly in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > affect with passion or strong emotion [verb (transitive)] > overwhelm with strong emotion

overcomeeOE

overseteOE

overtakea1400

overwhelm1535

entrance1598

usurp1749

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24824 (MED) Þa þat he had na giftis tille wiþ hotis faire he ouer-toke [a1400 Vesp. wan; a1400 Gött. went; a1400 Coll. Phys. hauid al] þaire wil.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 192 A fole in flesly thyngis is ouer-taken.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. P3 If her beauties haue so ouertaken you, it becomes a true Loue to haue your harte more set vpon her good then your owne.

1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 31 Seeing your sweete selfe, I was so ouertaken with your beauty..that euer since the remembrance of your face could neuer out of my fancie.

1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. x. 335 Your Neece is so ouertaken with Celadon, as I know not if Galathee be more.

1666 S. Pepys Diary 6 June (1972) VII. 150 We were all so overtaken with this good news that the Duke ran with it to the King.

1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 242 Ruin, Despair, Destruction, Death, eternal Misery, overtake me.

1757 C. Arnold Osman v. vi. 122 A downy Slumber Has overtaken her Senses, and she's happy.

1822 J. Galt Provost xxxvi. 262 At first I was confounded, and overtaken, and could not speak.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xix. 133 He was startled by the shining of the sun into the room where a heavy slumber had overtaken him.

1888 E. Atherstone Love, Poet., Philos., & Gout v. iii. 286 Was I drunk last night?.. Of a certainty I never before was so overtaken by total obliviousness.

1926 E. B. Howell tr. Restitution of Bride 158 Afterwards when difficulties beset us and I was overtaken by despair, you sang like a chorus of celestial birds.

1984 V. Brome Freud & his Disciples ii. 28 When Freud entered the room, panic overtook him and he whispered an excuse and half rose to leave.

2002 Jrnl. & Courier (Lafayette, Indiana) (Nexis) 8 Sept. 11 a As it started to become clear the numbers and the damage involved, I was overtaken by a profound sadness.

†6. transitive. To learn; to comprehend, understand. Scottish in later use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)]

yknoweOE

acknowOE

anyeteOE

latchc1000

undernimc1000

understandc1000

underyetec1000

afindOE

knowOE

seeOE

onfangc1175

takec1175

underfindc1200

underfonga1300

undertakea1300

kenc1330

gripea1340

comprehend1340

comprendc1374

espyc1374

perceivea1387

to take for ——?1387

catcha1398

conceivea1398

intenda1400

overtakea1400

tenda1400

havec1405

henta1450

comprise1477

skilla1500

brook1548

apprend1567

compass1576

perstanda1577

endue1590

sound1592

engrasp1593

in1603

fathom1611

resent1614

receivea1616

to take up1617

apprehend1631

to take in1646

grasp1680

understumblec1681

forstand1682

savvy1686

overstand1699

uptake1726

nouse1779

twig1815

undercumstand1824

absorb1840

sense1844

undercumstumble1854

seize1855

intelligize1865

dig1935

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 575 Godd..Wit nankyn creature mai be vnderfanged ne ouertan, [a1400 Gött. ouyr tane], And he ouertakes þam ilkan.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10787 Had he [sc. the Devil] ani-wais ouertaine [a1400 Gött. ouer-tan] A child be born of a maiden.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 512 The worlde he must forsake which many sciencis wold ouyrtake.

a1878 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage 185 I'm blyth to say that I hae airts, Whilk I owretook in foreign pairts.

a. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To accomplish (a task, etc.), esp. when pressed for time.In quots. a1400 at sense 1b, 1487 at sense 3b with infinitive as object. Middle Eng. Dict. suggests that the occurrence in quot. a1400 at sense 1b may be an error for undertake.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > get finished with (a task, etc.)

overcome?c1225

speedc1340

overtake?a1400

rid1467

finish1526

absolve1574

to work off1618

to get over ——a1646

to finish with1823

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 133 (MED) Fro toun to toun of reme þe Frankis did þei fle, Ouertok it to ȝeme & saued þat cite.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) Prol. 59 Be the quhilkis with help of my documentis..thou may our tak all thy desyris.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 190 Gif he mycht nocht weill our-ta To met thame at the first.

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes Ep. to Rdr. sig. A2^v To ouertake euerie thing which they vndertake.

1640 in J. Strong Hist. Secondary Educ. Scotl. (1909) IX. iii So much of the author as he may overtake, let it be examined at the said tyme, and what he misses then, let him overtake at one, afternoon.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 237 Staitened in point of Time, so that they could not overtake the whole Trials.

1856 in L. Campbell & W. Garnett Life J. C. Maxwell (1882) ix. 255 I have two or three stiff bits of work to get through this term here, and I hope to overtake them.

1885 J. Ingelow Sleep of Sigismund in Poems 173 That life he had, While leisure was aside may stand, Till he shall overtake the task Of every day, then let him ask (If he remember—if he will), ‘When I could sit me down and muse,..was it better with me?’

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona ii. 16 It's a job you could doubtless overtake with the other.

1900 A. Thomson Thornlea 21 That can be easily owerta'en.

†b. transitive. To take in hand, proceed to deal with, tackle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > tackle or proceed to deal with

entreat?a1450

overtakea1500

to go on ——1508

take1523

to go about ——?1533

to set upon ——1555

fall1589

to turn one's hand1628

to take to task1649

tackle1847

to take on1898

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 438 Bot gif þat þar be custum nane, Wiþe þe lauche þe case may be ourtane.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 247 This Objection must be overtaken after this maner.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. To Rdr. sig. ¶2^v To meete with, and ouertake all practises, & inconueniences.

†8. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To take up or occupy the whole of (a space); to extend over, cover. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over > extend over so as to cover

overgroweOE

wryc1275

overtakec1425

overreachc1440

overrun?1440

spread?1567

overcreep1640

cover1874

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2676 (MED) Þe dirke nyȝt Hath with þe dymnes of his schadowes blake Our Emysperie fully ouertake.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 125 Men that mekill host mycht se Our-tak the landis so largely.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 439 That folk our-tuk ane mekill feld On breid.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1927) III. ii. 7978 He garris his men our-tak the feild.

9. transitive. To overcome or overpower with drink; to intoxicate; to make drunk. Chiefly in passive. colloquial in later use. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk

fordrenchc1000

indrunkena1300

mazec1390

distemper1491

whittle1530

swill1548

inebriate1555

disguise1560

intoxicatea1566

tipple1566

overtake1577

betipple1581

seethe1599

fuddlec1600

fox1611

wound1613

cupa1616

fuzzle1621

to gild overa1625

sousea1625

tip1637

tosticate1650

drunkify1664

muddle1668

tipsy1673

sop1682

fuzz1685

confound1705

mellowa1761

prime1788

lush1821

soak1826

touch1833

rosin1877

befuddle1887

slew1888

lush1927

wipe1972

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. i. 1/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I They cannot refrayne the immoderate vse of Wine, and excesse vsed in drinking of the same: In so much that we may see diuers to be ouertaken.

1659 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 298 They would..tiple and smoake till they were overtaken with the creature.

1672 T. Shadwell Miser v. i. 77 Lastnight it seems I was overtaken in Campaigne, and as these Gentlemen tell me (for I vow I remember not a word on't) I married one Mrs. Joyce.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 450. ⁋6 I do not remember I was ever overtaken in Drink.

1765 S. Foote Commissary i. i. 3 Not an oath comes out of her mouth, unless, now and then, when the poor gentlewoman happens to be overtaken in liquor.

1770 S. Foote Lame Lover iii. 69 To be sure the knight is overtaken a little; very near drunk.

1829 J. K. Paulding Tales of Good Woman 283 I was overtaken with liquor.

1869 P. Kennedy Evenings on Duffrey 282 Better luck, sir, next time you let yourself be overtaken.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. v. 63 If any of his men be ever so little overtook by a drop, he's down upon 'em as stern as the Lord upon the jovial Jews.

†10. transitive. To overcome the judgement of; to deceive, take in. In passive: to be deceived or mistaken. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deceive [verb (transitive)]

aschrenchc885

blendc888

swikec950

belirtOE

beswike971

blencha1000

blenka1000

belieOE

becatchc1175

trokec1175

beguile?c1225

biwrench?c1225

guile?c1225

trechec1230

unordainc1300

blink1303

deceivec1320

feintc1330

trechetc1330

misusea1382

blind1382

forgo1382

beglose1393

troil1393

turnc1405

lirt?a1425

abuse?a1439

ludify1447

amuse1480

wilec1480

trump1487

delude?a1505

sile1508

betrumpa1522

blear1530

aveugle1543

mislippen1552

pot1560

disglose1565

oversile1568

blaze1570

blirre1570

bleck1573

overtake1581

fail1590

bafflea1592

blanch1592

geck?a1600

hallucinate1604

hoodwink1610

intrigue1612

guggle1617

nigglea1625

nose-wipe1628

cog1629

cheat1637

flam1637

nurse1639

jilt1660

top1663

chaldese1664

bilk1672

bejuggle1680

nuzzlec1680

snub1694

bite1709

nebus1712

fugle1719

to take in1740

have?1780

quirk1791

rum1812

rattlesnake1818

chicane1835

to suck in1842

mogue1854

blinker1865

to have on1867

mag1869

sleight1876

bumfuzzle1878

swop1890

wool1890

spruce1917

jive1928

shit1934

smokescreen1950

dick1964

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > delude [verb (intransitive)] > be deluded

to lie in the lash1573

to have found (also spied) a mare's nest1576

overtake1581

hallucinate1652

mare's-nest1859

to get left1884

1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. A a iv Here you are manifestly ouertaken: for they are worde for worde in the 9. Chapter.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft vii. iv. 133 The preestes..were so cunning, as they also ouertooke almost all the godlie and learned men.

a1615 F. Beaumont Woman-hater (1679) v. iii. 486 Did we not see her blush with modest anger, to be so overtaken by a trick; can ye deny this Lord?

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 40 The other sought to circumuent him, as being easie to be ouertaken.

1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus iv. 261 'Tis certain, you were strangely overtaken, in supposing that [etc.].

11. Bridge.

a. intransitive. To take with a higher card a trick already being won by one's partner.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > take tricks

overtake1939

1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. xviii. 73 Declarer ducked in dummy, but Herr von Bludhorn overtook.

1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 161 South..leads the jack of spades and, depending on which suit West unguards, overtakes or not with dummy's queen of spades.

1997 Mail on Sunday 10 Aug. i. 58/2 East would have had to overtake with the bare queen and then concede a ruff-and-discard.

b. transitive. To play a higher card than (a winning card played by one's partner) in order to take a trick.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics

declare1895

promote1899

to lead up to1911

to take out1918

squeeze1926

push1927

spread1929

cash1934

overtake1939

underlead1945

finesse1960

1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. xxxviii. 118 Declarer played out the King, Knave, and Ten of Trumps, overtaking the Ten with dummy's Queen.

1974 Country Life 17 Jan. 98/3 East should have overtaken the Spade King and switched to Diamonds.

1999 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) 14 Oct. 22/4 South next played the A-Q of clubs, overtaking the queen with the king. He then cashed dummy's jack, hoping the ten would fall.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overtake
释义	overtaken. Brit. /ˈəʊvəteɪk/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌteɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overtake v. Etymology: < overtake v. Compare earlier overtaking n. The action of overtake v. (in various senses); an instance of this. ΚΠ 1903 Science 20 Feb. 300/2 The aggregation came about by overtakes in contradistinction to opposed collisions. 1979 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 25 June 95 The flightcrew of Flight 182 were..accomplishing an overtake maneuver within the separation parameters of the conflict alert. 1983 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Jan. c22/1 West has nothing to ruff with, and an overtake simply establishes the diamond queen as South's 12th trick. 2000 Adv. Driving (Inst. Adv. Motorists) Summer 54/3 How many drivers or riders in an overtake will hit the brick wall of a limiter at exactly 60 mph and be unable to complete the manoeuvre? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). overtakev. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/ Inflections: Past tense overtook; past participle overtaken; Forms: see over- prefix and take v. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, take v. Etymology: < over- prefix + take v. Compare to take over at take v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 7b compare undertake v. Compare earlier oftake v., and note at over- prefix 1n. †1. a. transitive. To get at, to reach; to reach with a blow; to hit. Also figurative. Obsolete.In quot. c1225 intransitive: to reach to. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take to or towards oneself overtakec1225 reachc1440 society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] to come toOE comeOE yworthOE lend11.. lightc1225 overtakec1225 redea1275 wina1300 'rivec1300 repaira1325 applyc1384 to come ina1399 arrivec1400 attainc1400 alightc1405 to come to handc1450 unto-comec1450 apport1578 to get through1589 reach1591 to be along1597 land1679 engage1686 to get in1863 to breeze in1930 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake betakea1000 oftakelOE overtakec1225 ofgoc1300 under-get1390 attain1393 overget?a1400 overgoc1425 gaincopec1440 overhiec1440 overhalec1540 overcatch1570 overhent1590 win1596 to grow on or upon1603 catcha1616 to fetch up1622 to fetch of, upon1659 overhaul1793 to meet up with1837 to catch up1838 to get past1857 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] overtakec1225 covera1375 accede1465 penetrate1530 to get through1589 pervene1589 reach1591 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach (a point or place) [verb (transitive)] areach1014 reachOE ofreachlOE overtakec1225 catchc1330 acomec1350 touchc1384 getc1390 to come at ——a1393 henta1393 overreacha1400 win?1473 aspire1581 obtain1589 attainc1592 make1610 gaina1616 acquire1665 advene1684 c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 550 Hit as hit turnde ne ouer toke [v.r. ouer teoc] nohwer bineoðen to þer eorðe. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1816 (MED) Þe fifte þat he ouer-tok, Gaf he a ful sor dint ok. c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 510 Abbot or priour, monk or chanoun That Gamelyn ouertok anon þey ȝeedon doun. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 192 To tak ony man of that contree..yat he may ourta. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 381 He all till-hewyt that he our-tuk. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1578 (MED) He bare on his nek a croke; Woo were the man that he ouertoke. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Giii ^v To hitte or ouertake, attaindre. a1646 D. Wedderburn Vocabula (1685) 28 Percussit me pugno, he overtook me with his steecked nieff. 1680 Life Edward II in Harl. Misc. I. 87 The bruit of this novelty, like a Welch hubbub, had quickly overtaken the willing ears of the displeased Commons. b. intransitive. Of fire: to catch, to take hold. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > catch fire or begin to burn > of fire: to catch overtakea1400 take1523 catch1530 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6759 If fire be kyndel and ouer-tak Thoru feld, or corn, or mou, or stak. 2. a. transitive. Originally: to encounter or catch up with (a person travelling in the same direction). Now usually: to pass (a person or thing, esp. a vehicle, travelling in the same direction). Also figurative. †well overtaken: a traveller's greeting to a person he or she has overtaken (cf. well-met int.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > overtake overtake1936 pass1943 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 82 Þe fend..warð ibunden hetefaste wið þe hali monnes beodes, þat ouertoken him as ho stuhen upward toward heuene. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 71 (MED) After horn he arnde anon..He him ouertok, ywis. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2313 Iosep haueð hem after sent. Ðis sonde hem ouertakeð raðe. c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 682 But that science is so fer vs biforn We mowen nat, al thogh we hadde it sworn, It ouertake, it slit awey so faste; It wol vs maken beggers atte laste. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 100 Þai will owertake wylde bestes and sla þam. c1480 (a1400) St. Cecilia 76 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 370 In a rew, callit ‘via apia’, syndry poure men þu sal ourta. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 33 (MED) When thei were passed thourgh, thei ouertoke [Fr. trouerent] a carl. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. B1 God blesse you my friend, and well ouertaken. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. ii. 5 Faire sir, you are well ore-tane. View more context for this quotation 1642 J. Row Red-shankes Serm. sig. A3 The kirk..ran away from Rome: but hard did they follow her, faine would they have overtaken her..but (God be thanked) shee ran too fast for them. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 1 You are wel overtaken Sir; a good morning to you; I have stretch'd my legs up Totnam Hil to overtake you. View more context for this quotation 1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man v. 63 My Prayers are heard: Justice at length has overta'en the Murderer. a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 158 His helpless offspring soon O'erta'en beheld. a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. vi. 78 Perhaps we may overtake the two young men. View more context for this quotation 1888 A. S. Swan Doris Cheyne viii. 134 She would walk along the Keswick Road..until the coach should overtake her. 1936 J. Prioleau Motorist's Compan. xxix. 418 The commoner examples of dangerous driving are..cutting-in and overtaking another car travelling at any but an obviously lower speed. 1949 J. A. Steers et al. Lake's Physical Geogr. (ed. 2) i. ix. 126 The cold front gradually advances relative to the warm front and finally overtakes it. 1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 27 The wagon driver pomps the horn again as we overtake him up the hill out of Brighouse. b. intransitive. Originally: to catch up with a person travelling in the same direction. Now usually: to pass a person, vehicle, etc., travelling in the same direction. Also figurative. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xi. 10 If forsoþe þou shal folewen, þou shalt not ouertaken, & if þou shul renne before, þou shalt not ascapen. 1599 J. Weever Epigrammes sig. F He may long follow e're he ouertake. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xv. 9 The enemie said, I will pursue, I wil ouertake, I wil diuide the spoile: my lust shall be satisfied vpon them. View more context for this quotation 1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 30 Nor yet, must we Run then like spoakes in wheeles eternally And never overtake. 1697 D. Baker Fugitive in Poems upon Several Occasions 29 Follow 'er, and either overtake, or die. 1766 J. Beattie Epist. Blacklock in Poems Several Subj. 147 Behind, with renovated force, Care and Disgust pursue our slackening course, And shall o'ertake. 1844 I. Williams Baptistery II. iv. 66 To and fro They meet and overtake, and come and go, Men lab'ring for each other. 1875 Ld. Neave Grimm's Law in Songs & Verses 24 Each rides as in fear lest his steed be forsaken, But he ne'er overtakes, and is ne'er overtaken. 1903 J. London Call of Wild vii. 202 The wolf fled at sight of him. He followed,..in a frenzy to overtake. 1973 R. Hill Ruling Passion ii. iv. 114 A slow lorry suddenly appeared ahead... He swung out sharply to overtake. 1996 Independent 24 Jan. 5/2 Things that particularly annoyed motorists were drivers..whoe overtook on the inside lane and people speeding in urban areas. c. transitive. To become greater or more successful than. In early use frequently in Economics. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase beyond overgrow1538 surcrease1603 outgrow1629 overtake1840 1840 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 2 449 In 1837, the consumption had again overtaken the production. 1891 Econ. Jrnl. 1 670 The short periods of expansion in the coal trade, due to the demand overtaking the supply. 1911 Chambers's Jrnl. May 336/2 When the hundred tabulators get into action they can overtake the daily output of tags from the three hundred punching-machines. 1959 W. Z. Laqueur Soviet Union & Middle East 258 Moscow was soon to show that the old slogan of ‘catching up with and overtaking America’ could make sense in the field of political warfare as well. 1993 Hispanic Business Oct. 6/1 Salsa overtook ketchup as America's most popular sauce. †3. a. transitive. To capture or seize (a person); to arrest. Also: to surprise or detect in a fault, crime, or offence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > detect > detect (a person) in wrongdoing or predicament finda1200 overtakea1325 takec1330 oftakea1382 overgoa1400 deprehenda1535 reprehend1538 to find out1545 surprise?1592 nail1766 pawl1859 bust1960 a1325 St. Michael (Corpus Cambr.) 143 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 303 (MED) A womman mid childe com in atte nende And nas noȝt so swift as oþer were aȝen forto wende, And þe se hure ouertok [c1300 Laud. for-closede]. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 302 Ȝif ich hir loued & it wist he & he miȝt ouer-take me, He wald anon mine heued of smite. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 13700 Þe phariseus..broght a wijf þat þai in hordam had ouertan. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1232 If sche ȝit be ouer-tayn,..Sche salbe cursid for þat same þing. 1500 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 81 Gif ony personis of the saidis craftis beis ouertane wyrkand with cardis notit or previt apone him he sall pay [etc.] 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gal. vi. A Yf eny man be ouertaken of a faute [mā (man) in text]. 1551–2 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 123 Thaim..at..beis ourtane and convict. 1609 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 23 I am..sorie that all the principall men are escaped..bot I hope that my lordis diligence, wisdome and gud luk sall owertak thame. 1618 in W. Fraser Annandale Family Bk. II. 278 I hope your ladyship may overtake him for his doings. 1729 C. Coffey Beggar's Wedding i. i. 7 He was overtaken with a Silver Spoon in his Pocket, which he had stol'n out of a Dish of Broth a poor Servant had given him for Charity. 1802 C. Lamb John Woodvil iii. 60 Twas pleasanter, when the other saint..was overtaken in the act to plead an illusio visûs, and maintain his sanctity. 1896 Argosy Feb. 428/2 Several of my companions had been overtaken and butchered. b. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To find guilty or convict in a court of law. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)] fordeemc1000 attain1330 filec1330 condemna1340 shape1340 dem1377 convictc1380 reprovea1382 damnc1384 overtakea1393 attainta1400 taintc1400 commita1425 vanquish1502 convincea1535 cast1536 convanquish1540 deprehend1598 forejudge1603 do1819 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 2098 (MED) And tho that weren with him take, Whiche of tresoun were overtake, Togedre in o sentence falle. 1460 Ayr Burgh Court Bks. 3 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 169/1 The sayd Marion..was owrtane & filit be ane grete assis of all the said puncteis. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 55 Thir thre planly, War with ane assis thar ourtane. 1496–7 in J. Fullarton Rec. Burgh Prestwick (1834) 33 Will Haver was our tane for a commoun seller of pettis. 1517 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 84 Quhare ony personis beis notit and ourtane of sic convocacioun and trubillis making, that thai be ponist tharfore. 4. transitive. Of an illness, misfortune, etc.: to come upon (a person or thing), esp. suddenly or unexpectedly; to beset; to catch unprepared. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience ymetec893 findeOE meetOE counterc1325 overtakec1390 limp?a1400 tidea1400 runa1450 to fall with ——?c1475 onlightc1475 recounterc1485 recount1490 to come in witha1500 occur1531 to fall on ——1533 to fall upon ——1533 beshine1574 rencontre1582 entertain1591 cope with1594 happen1594 tocome1596 incur1599 forgather1600 thwart1601 to fall in1675 cross1684 to come across ——1738 to cross upon (or on)1748 to fall across ——1760 experience1786 to drop in1802 encounter1814 to come upon ——1820 to run against ——1821 to come in contact with1862 to run across ——1864 to knock or run up against1886 to knock up against1887 c1390 (c1350) Proprium Sanctorum in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1888) 81 309 (MED) But ȝif ȝe wolde leeue þis wiþ þe euerlastinge, I-wis, ȝe ben ouertake wiþ mis-bileeue, Þat sore aftur wol ȝow greue. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 700 (MED) Wherof these erthli housebondes For evere myhte ensample take If such a chaunce hem overtake. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 4721 (MED) Qualme has bestes alle ouer-tane. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 51 The longes woo cometh ofte of yvel eire; The stomake eke of eire is overtake. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 139 And the deith ourtak the in trespas. 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) 15 Nycht had thame ourtane. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. x. 11 Yon ribaudred Nagge of Egypt, (Whom Leprosie o're-take). View more context for this quotation 1692 Processes Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1983) V. 233/2 Jonett Henderson..decrepit and infirm and now overtaken with povertie. 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xiii Now Age has overtaken me; and Want..has wholly disenabl'd me. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. viii. 234 When any Accident threatens us, we are not to despair, nor when it overtakes us, to grieve. View more context for this quotation 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 58 So unfortunate as to be overtaken by a thunder storm. 1813 C. Quigley Poems 145 We fear'd we should be overtaken by night. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 222 The magnitude of the disaster which had overtaken him. 1935 Sci. Monthly Jan. 90 It was this disease [sc. pneumonia] that finally overtook him. 1944 Visct. Montgomery Speech 24 Mar. in Mem. (1958) xiii. 227 We have only ourselves to blame for the disasters that early overtook us in the field. 1986 E. Longford Pebbled Shore (1988) vii. 103 I had not seen Edward in his youthful beauty, before the fatal addiction to food overtook him. 5. transitive. To overpower the will, senses, or feelings of; to win over, captivate; to overwhelm with emotion. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > affect with passion or strong emotion [verb (transitive)] > overwhelm with strong emotion overcomeeOE overseteOE overtakea1400 overwhelm1535 entrance1598 usurp1749 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24824 (MED) Þa þat he had na giftis tille wiþ hotis faire he ouer-toke [a1400 Vesp. wan; a1400 Gött. went; a1400 Coll. Phys. hauid al] þaire wil. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 192 A fole in flesly thyngis is ouer-taken. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. P3 If her beauties haue so ouertaken you, it becomes a true Loue to haue your harte more set vpon her good then your owne. 1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 31 Seeing your sweete selfe, I was so ouertaken with your beauty..that euer since the remembrance of your face could neuer out of my fancie. 1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. x. 335 Your Neece is so ouertaken with Celadon, as I know not if Galathee be more. 1666 S. Pepys Diary 6 June (1972) VII. 150 We were all so overtaken with this good news that the Duke ran with it to the King. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 242 Ruin, Despair, Destruction, Death, eternal Misery, overtake me. 1757 C. Arnold Osman v. vi. 122 A downy Slumber Has overtaken her Senses, and she's happy. 1822 J. Galt Provost xxxvi. 262 At first I was confounded, and overtaken, and could not speak. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xix. 133 He was startled by the shining of the sun into the room where a heavy slumber had overtaken him. 1888 E. Atherstone Love, Poet., Philos., & Gout v. iii. 286 Was I drunk last night?.. Of a certainty I never before was so overtaken by total obliviousness. 1926 E. B. Howell tr. Restitution of Bride 158 Afterwards when difficulties beset us and I was overtaken by despair, you sang like a chorus of celestial birds. 1984 V. Brome Freud & his Disciples ii. 28 When Freud entered the room, panic overtook him and he whispered an excuse and half rose to leave. 2002 Jrnl. & Courier (Lafayette, Indiana) (Nexis) 8 Sept. 11 a As it started to become clear the numbers and the damage involved, I was overtaken by a profound sadness. †6. transitive. To learn; to comprehend, understand. Scottish in later use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)] yknoweOE acknowOE anyeteOE latchc1000 undernimc1000 understandc1000 underyetec1000 afindOE knowOE seeOE onfangc1175 takec1175 underfindc1200 underfonga1300 undertakea1300 kenc1330 gripea1340 comprehend1340 comprendc1374 espyc1374 perceivea1387 to take for ——?1387 catcha1398 conceivea1398 intenda1400 overtakea1400 tenda1400 havec1405 henta1450 comprise1477 skilla1500 brook1548 apprend1567 compass1576 perstanda1577 endue1590 sound1592 engrasp1593 in1603 fathom1611 resent1614 receivea1616 to take up1617 apprehend1631 to take in1646 grasp1680 understumblec1681 forstand1682 savvy1686 overstand1699 uptake1726 nouse1779 twig1815 undercumstand1824 absorb1840 sense1844 undercumstumble1854 seize1855 intelligize1865 dig1935 read1956 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 575 Godd..Wit nankyn creature mai be vnderfanged ne ouertan, [a1400 Gött. ouyr tane], And he ouertakes þam ilkan. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10787 Had he [sc. the Devil] ani-wais ouertaine [a1400 Gött. ouer-tan] A child be born of a maiden. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 512 The worlde he must forsake which many sciencis wold ouyrtake. a1878 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage 185 I'm blyth to say that I hae airts, Whilk I owretook in foreign pairts. 7. a. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To accomplish (a task, etc.), esp. when pressed for time.In quots. a1400 at sense 1b, 1487 at sense 3b with infinitive as object. Middle Eng. Dict. suggests that the occurrence in quot. a1400 at sense 1b may be an error for undertake. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > get finished with (a task, etc.) overcome?c1225 speedc1340 overtake?a1400 rid1467 finish1526 absolve1574 to work off1618 to get over ——a1646 to finish with1823 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 133 (MED) Fro toun to toun of reme þe Frankis did þei fle, Ouertok it to ȝeme & saued þat cite. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) Prol. 59 Be the quhilkis with help of my documentis..thou may our tak all thy desyris. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 190 Gif he mycht nocht weill our-ta To met thame at the first. 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes Ep. to Rdr. sig. A2^v To ouertake euerie thing which they vndertake. 1640 in J. Strong Hist. Secondary Educ. Scotl. (1909) IX. iii So much of the author as he may overtake, let it be examined at the said tyme, and what he misses then, let him overtake at one, afternoon. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 237 Staitened in point of Time, so that they could not overtake the whole Trials. 1856 in L. Campbell & W. Garnett Life J. C. Maxwell (1882) ix. 255 I have two or three stiff bits of work to get through this term here, and I hope to overtake them. 1885 J. Ingelow Sleep of Sigismund in Poems 173 That life he had, While leisure was aside may stand, Till he shall overtake the task Of every day, then let him ask (If he remember—if he will), ‘When I could sit me down and muse,..was it better with me?’ 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona ii. 16 It's a job you could doubtless overtake with the other. 1900 A. Thomson Thornlea 21 That can be easily owerta'en. †b. transitive. To take in hand, proceed to deal with, tackle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > tackle or proceed to deal with entreat?a1450 overtakea1500 to go on ——1508 take1523 to go about ——?1533 to set upon ——1555 fall1589 to turn one's hand1628 to take to task1649 tackle1847 to take on1898 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 438 Bot gif þat þar be custum nane, Wiþe þe lauche þe case may be ourtane. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 247 This Objection must be overtaken after this maner. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. To Rdr. sig. ¶2^v To meete with, and ouertake all practises, & inconueniences. †8. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To take up or occupy the whole of (a space); to extend over, cover. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over > extend over so as to cover overgroweOE wryc1275 overtakec1425 overreachc1440 overrun?1440 spread?1567 overcreep1640 cover1874 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2676 (MED) Þe dirke nyȝt Hath with þe dymnes of his schadowes blake Our Emysperie fully ouertake. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 125 Men that mekill host mycht se Our-tak the landis so largely. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 439 That folk our-tuk ane mekill feld On breid. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1927) III. ii. 7978 He garris his men our-tak the feild. 9. transitive. To overcome or overpower with drink; to intoxicate; to make drunk. Chiefly in passive. colloquial in later use. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk fordrenchc1000 indrunkena1300 mazec1390 distemper1491 whittle1530 swill1548 inebriate1555 disguise1560 intoxicatea1566 tipple1566 overtake1577 betipple1581 seethe1599 fuddlec1600 fox1611 wound1613 cupa1616 fuzzle1621 to gild overa1625 sousea1625 tip1637 tosticate1650 drunkify1664 muddle1668 tipsy1673 sop1682 fuzz1685 confound1705 mellowa1761 prime1788 lush1821 soak1826 touch1833 rosin1877 befuddle1887 slew1888 lush1927 wipe1972 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. i. 1/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I They cannot refrayne the immoderate vse of Wine, and excesse vsed in drinking of the same: In so much that we may see diuers to be ouertaken. 1659 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 298 They would..tiple and smoake till they were overtaken with the creature. 1672 T. Shadwell Miser v. i. 77 Lastnight it seems I was overtaken in Campaigne, and as these Gentlemen tell me (for I vow I remember not a word on't) I married one Mrs. Joyce. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 450. ⁋6 I do not remember I was ever overtaken in Drink. 1765 S. Foote Commissary i. i. 3 Not an oath comes out of her mouth, unless, now and then, when the poor gentlewoman happens to be overtaken in liquor. 1770 S. Foote Lame Lover iii. 69 To be sure the knight is overtaken a little; very near drunk. 1829 J. K. Paulding Tales of Good Woman 283 I was overtaken with liquor. 1869 P. Kennedy Evenings on Duffrey 282 Better luck, sir, next time you let yourself be overtaken. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. v. 63 If any of his men be ever so little overtook by a drop, he's down upon 'em as stern as the Lord upon the jovial Jews. †10. transitive. To overcome the judgement of; to deceive, take in. In passive: to be deceived or mistaken. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deceive [verb (transitive)] aschrenchc885 blendc888 swikec950 belirtOE beswike971 blencha1000 blenka1000 belieOE becatchc1175 trokec1175 beguile?c1225 biwrench?c1225 guile?c1225 trechec1230 unordainc1300 blink1303 deceivec1320 feintc1330 trechetc1330 misusea1382 blind1382 forgo1382 beglose1393 troil1393 turnc1405 lirt?a1425 abuse?a1439 ludify1447 amuse1480 wilec1480 trump1487 delude?a1505 sile1508 betrumpa1522 blear1530 aveugle1543 mislippen1552 pot1560 disglose1565 oversile1568 blaze1570 blirre1570 bleck1573 overtake1581 fail1590 bafflea1592 blanch1592 geck?a1600 hallucinate1604 hoodwink1610 intrigue1612 guggle1617 nigglea1625 nose-wipe1628 cog1629 cheat1637 flam1637 nurse1639 jilt1660 top1663 chaldese1664 bilk1672 bejuggle1680 nuzzlec1680 snub1694 bite1709 nebus1712 fugle1719 to take in1740 have?1780 quirk1791 rum1812 rattlesnake1818 chicane1835 to suck in1842 mogue1854 blinker1865 to have on1867 mag1869 sleight1876 bumfuzzle1878 swop1890 wool1890 spruce1917 jive1928 shit1934 smokescreen1950 dick1964 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > delude [verb (intransitive)] > be deluded to lie in the lash1573 to have found (also spied) a mare's nest1576 overtake1581 hallucinate1652 mare's-nest1859 to get left1884 1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. A a iv Here you are manifestly ouertaken: for they are worde for worde in the 9. Chapter. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft vii. iv. 133 The preestes..were so cunning, as they also ouertooke almost all the godlie and learned men. a1615 F. Beaumont Woman-hater (1679) v. iii. 486 Did we not see her blush with modest anger, to be so overtaken by a trick; can ye deny this Lord? 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 40 The other sought to circumuent him, as being easie to be ouertaken. 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus iv. 261 'Tis certain, you were strangely overtaken, in supposing that [etc.]. 11. Bridge. a. intransitive. To take with a higher card a trick already being won by one's partner. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > take tricks overtake1939 1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. xviii. 73 Declarer ducked in dummy, but Herr von Bludhorn overtook. 1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 161 South..leads the jack of spades and, depending on which suit West unguards, overtakes or not with dummy's queen of spades. 1997 Mail on Sunday 10 Aug. i. 58/2 East would have had to overtake with the bare queen and then concede a ruff-and-discard. b. transitive. To play a higher card than (a winning card played by one's partner) in order to take a trick. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics declare1895 promote1899 to lead up to1911 to take out1918 squeeze1926 push1927 spread1929 cash1934 overtake1939 underlead1945 finesse1960 1939 N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. xxxviii. 118 Declarer played out the King, Knave, and Ten of Trumps, overtaking the Ten with dummy's Queen. 1974 Country Life 17 Jan. 98/3 East should have overtaken the Spade King and switched to Diamonds. 1999 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) 14 Oct. 22/4 South next played the A-Q of clubs, overtaking the queen with the king. He then cashed dummy's jack, hoping the ten would fall. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1903v.c1225
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