oxidationn.

1789 R. Kerr tr. A. Lavoisier Elements Chem. iii. viii. 445 It is much to be wished that some person would undertake a series of experiments upon oxydation of metals in the several gases.

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. i. 10 The regular succession of colours in iron, according to its degree of oxydation (calcination).

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 301 Oxidation, or oxygenation, or oxidizement, the combination of any other body with oxygen.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. §52. 51 The processes of oxydation and deoxydation..give a degree of activity even to the world of rocks.

1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. 129 The oxidation or dehydrogenation of uric acid.

1892 H. F. Morley & M. M. P. Muir Watts' Dict. Chem. (rev. ed.) III. 657 The term oxidation has been widened until at present it is applied to all chemical changes which result in an addition of a negative radicle, simple or compound, to elements or compounds, or a decrease in the relative quantity of the positive radicle of a compound, whether this is or is not accompanied by substitution of a negative radicle..e.g. the following change: 4Fe + 3O₂ = 2Fe₂O₃.

1928 H. L. Hind tr. M. Schoen Probl. Fermentation xiv. 167 There is a change from divalent iron to iron at a higher degree of oxidation.

1959 D. J. Cram & G. S. Hammond Org. Chem. vi. 73 In organic chemistry, oxidation involves the removal of hydrogen and (or) the addition of oxygen or some other hetero atom to a compound.

1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. viii. 5/2 It is also characteristic of biological oxidations that they are often linked together to form a chain along which the electrons flow.

1992 Pract. Fishkeeping (BNC) Apr. 120 There are two ways to counter oxidation [of fish food]: vacuum-packing, and the addition of anti-oxidants.

1935 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57 1232/2 The ratio..of the oxidation equivalents to this difference..shows how much the oxidation number of the argentic silver exceeds that of argentous silver.

1964 D. J. Cram & G. S. Hammond Org. Chem. (ed. 2) vi. 98 The system described is similar to the inorganic system if effective oxidation numbers, ranging from −4 (in CH₄) to +4 (CCl₄ or CO₂), are assigned to individual carbon atoms within organic molecules.

1987 M. H. Freemantle Chem. in Action (BNC) 128 The ion with the higher oxidation number is given the suffix -ic and the one with the lower oxidation number -ous.

1900 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 78 ii. 642 An attempt was made to measure a number of oxidation potentials.

1942 C. E. K. Mees Theory Photogr. Process viii. 308 When a silver salt solution is added to a reducing solution, there is an adjustment of the oxidation potentials of each to a common value intermediate between the two.

1992 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Res. 31 406/2 The oxidation potential of the metal ion should not be too high..since irreversible oxidation of the ion..is very likely to occur.

1899 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 3 257 If an oxidation reduction cell be made up in which the oxidizing agent changes into the reducing agent and vice-versa, the total heat effect is zero.

1951 New Biol. 11 29 The over-all reaction in photosynthesis is of a type, extremely important in living organisms, known as an oxidation-reduction, in which one compound becomes oxidized at the expense of another which is reduced.

1990 Protein Engin. 4 57/1 In many metalloproteins histidine (His) residues act as ligands to metal centers, which play important roles in catalysis, oxidation-reduction and transport processes.

1893 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 15 198 I decided to have the three acid oxides in their highest state of oxidation.]

1928 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 50 374 (title) The oxidation states of ruthenium in its halide compounds.

1942 M. C. Sneed & J. L. Maynard Gen. Inorg. Chem. vi. 120 In many cases an element in its oxide or chloride is not reduced to the free state [by hydrogen] but to a lower oxidation state.

1988 P. W. Kuchel et al. Schaum's Outl. Theory & Probl. Biochem. xv. 440 It is essential to realize that in biological systems, carbon compounds exist in five different oxidation states.

1890 Cent. Dict. Oxidational, pertaining to oxidation.

1960 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 82 4528/2 The study of oxidational chain processes presents both experimental and interpretive difficulties.

1996 Jrnl. Tribol. 118 728/1 It must be designed so that components settle into stable, mild oxidational wear conditions as rapidly as possible.