Pahlaviadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɑː(h)ləvi/,

/ˈpɑː(h)lavi/, U.S.

/ˈpɑləvi/,

/ˈpæləvi/

Forms: 1700s– Pahlavi, 1700s– Pehlavi, 1700s– Pehlevi Brit.

/ˈpɛ(h)ləvi/, U.S.

/ˈpɛləvi/, 1700s– Pehlvi, 1800s Pehlevee.

Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian Pahlavī.

Etymology: < Persian Pahlavī (adjective and noun) Parthian, designating or denoting the language and script (see Parthian n. 2) < Pahlav Parthia, a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now northern Iran (ultimately < Old Persian Parθava : see Parthian n.). Compare French Pahlevi (1763), Pehlvi (1771), Pahlavi (20th cent.).

A. adj.

Originally: of, relating to, or designating any of a number of ancient Iranian languages, esp. Old Persian. Later: of, relating to, or designating any of a number of Middle Iranian languages, esp. the Middle Persian language used under the last pre-Islamic Iranian dynasty of the Sassanians (and continued in use in Islamic times among Zoroastrians), or its distinctive script, which was based on Aramaic. Also: belonging to or written in this script. Cf. Parthian adj.The use of a Semitic script for an Iranian language led some early scholars to suppose that the language itself might be of Semitic origin, and later led to some imprecision in the use of the term Pahlavi.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian

Pahlavi1757

Pahlavian1773

Parsic1897

Parthian1932

Hazaragi1962

Farsi1979

1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies xiii. 354 The present capital law-book, called the Zendavastaw, in the same Pehlavi language, or old Persian, was pretended to be compiled by memory.

1791 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 2 27 The small number of Eighúrì letters might induce us to believe, that they were Zend or Pahlavì, which must have been current in that country, when it was governed by the sons of Feridún.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. iv. 191 Some of these Zend and Pehlevee words are, however, common to the Shanscrit.

1855 R. Lepsius Standard Alphabet (1863) 120 It approaches most nearly to the Pehlevi writing.

1885 T. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 134/2 A Pahlavi grammar is of course an impossibility.

1968 K. Jahn Rypka's Hist. Iranian Lit. 34 There is a great wealth of Middle Persian book-literature, usually known as Pahlavi literature.

1996 P. Oktor Skjærvo in P. T. Daniels & W. Bright World's Writing Systems 524 In the Pahlavi script, numerous letters merged and became indistinguishable, while at the same time effort was made to develop diacritic marks to distinguish them.

B. n.

Any of the pre-Islamic Iranian languages, spec. Middle Persian, the language used under the Parthians and Sassanians (and still in use among Zoroastrians), written in the Pahlavi script. Also: the script itself. Cf. Middle Persian n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, Parthian n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > system of writing > [noun] > of specific languages > Persian

nastaliq1677

shikasta1771

taliq1771

Pahlavi1772

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian > Persian languages

Pahlavian1771

Pahlavi1772

Parthian1813

Yaghnobi1932

Kabuli1948

Tajik1953

1772 A. Dow Hist. Hindostan vi. 99 He understood the Arabic, the Pehlvi, and all the dialects of India.

1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. I. p. iv/2 The idiom of Farsistan (Persia Proper)..had an extensive range over the most civilized of the lower districts: whilst the Pehlavi prevailed chiefly around the Mazenderan or Caspian Sea.

1859 E. FitzGerald tr. Rubáiyát Omar Khayyám vi. 2 In divine High piping Péhlevi..the Nightingale cries to the Rose.

1885 T. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 136/1 Very little profane literature still exists in Pahlaví; the romance of Ardashír has been mentioned above.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 730/2 The Pahlavi is properly the alphabet of the Sassanid kings who ruled in Persia from a.d. 226.

1950 R. G. Kent Old Persian 7/1 Arsacid Pahlavi was the official language of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, which ruled from 250 b.c. to 226 a.d.... The Sasanian or South-west Pahlavi was the official language of the Sasanian dynasty, which ruled from 226 a.d. until..652.

1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples i. i. 9 Various forms of the Persian language were widespread; the written form used at the time is known as Pahlavi.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pahlavi
释义	Pahlaviadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɑː(h)ləvi/, /ˈpɑː(h)lavi/, U.S. /ˈpɑləvi/, /ˈpæləvi/ Forms: 1700s– Pahlavi, 1700s– Pehlavi, 1700s– Pehlevi Brit. /ˈpɛ(h)ləvi/, U.S. /ˈpɛləvi/, 1700s– Pehlvi, 1800s Pehlevee. Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian Pahlavī. Etymology: < Persian Pahlavī (adjective and noun) Parthian, designating or denoting the language and script (see Parthian n. 2) < Pahlav Parthia, a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now northern Iran (ultimately < Old Persian Parθava : see Parthian n.). Compare French Pahlevi (1763), Pehlvi (1771), Pahlavi (20th cent.). A. adj. Originally: of, relating to, or designating any of a number of ancient Iranian languages, esp. Old Persian. Later: of, relating to, or designating any of a number of Middle Iranian languages, esp. the Middle Persian language used under the last pre-Islamic Iranian dynasty of the Sassanians (and continued in use in Islamic times among Zoroastrians), or its distinctive script, which was based on Aramaic. Also: belonging to or written in this script. Cf. Parthian adj.The use of a Semitic script for an Iranian language led some early scholars to suppose that the language itself might be of Semitic origin, and later led to some imprecision in the use of the term Pahlavi. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian Pahlavi1757 Pahlavian1773 Parsic1897 Parthian1932 Hazaragi1962 Farsi1979 1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies xiii. 354 The present capital law-book, called the Zendavastaw, in the same Pehlavi language, or old Persian, was pretended to be compiled by memory. 1791 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 2 27 The small number of Eighúrì letters might induce us to believe, that they were Zend or Pahlavì, which must have been current in that country, when it was governed by the sons of Feridún. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. iv. 191 Some of these Zend and Pehlevee words are, however, common to the Shanscrit. 1855 R. Lepsius Standard Alphabet (1863) 120 It approaches most nearly to the Pehlevi writing. 1885 T. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 134/2 A Pahlavi grammar is of course an impossibility. 1968 K. Jahn Rypka's Hist. Iranian Lit. 34 There is a great wealth of Middle Persian book-literature, usually known as Pahlavi literature. 1996 P. Oktor Skjærvo in P. T. Daniels & W. Bright World's Writing Systems 524 In the Pahlavi script, numerous letters merged and became indistinguishable, while at the same time effort was made to develop diacritic marks to distinguish them. B. n. Any of the pre-Islamic Iranian languages, spec. Middle Persian, the language used under the Parthians and Sassanians (and still in use among Zoroastrians), written in the Pahlavi script. Also: the script itself. Cf. Middle Persian n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, Parthian n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > system of writing > [noun] > of specific languages > Persian nastaliq1677 shikasta1771 taliq1771 Pahlavi1772 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian > Persian languages Pahlavian1771 Pahlavi1772 Parthian1813 Yaghnobi1932 Kabuli1948 Tajik1953 1772 A. Dow Hist. Hindostan vi. 99 He understood the Arabic, the Pehlvi, and all the dialects of India. 1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. I. p. iv/2 The idiom of Farsistan (Persia Proper)..had an extensive range over the most civilized of the lower districts: whilst the Pehlavi prevailed chiefly around the Mazenderan or Caspian Sea. 1859 E. FitzGerald tr. Rubáiyát Omar Khayyám vi. 2 In divine High piping Péhlevi..the Nightingale cries to the Rose. 1885 T. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 136/1 Very little profane literature still exists in Pahlaví; the romance of Ardashír has been mentioned above. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 730/2 The Pahlavi is properly the alphabet of the Sassanid kings who ruled in Persia from a.d. 226. 1950 R. G. Kent Old Persian 7/1 Arsacid Pahlavi was the official language of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, which ruled from 250 b.c. to 226 a.d.... The Sasanian or South-west Pahlavi was the official language of the Sasanian dynasty, which ruled from 226 a.d. until..652. 1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples i. i. 9 Various forms of the Persian language were widespread; the written form used at the time is known as Pahlavi. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1757
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