pan.¹

Brit.

/pɑː/, U.S.

/pɑ/

Forms: 1700s– pa, 1800s pa', 1800s paa. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: papa n.²

Etymology: Shortened < papa n.²For representations of U.S. regional pronunciations see paw n.³; for further realizations see Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (at cited word). The following perhaps shows an earlier example of the present word (although if so it would considerably antedate papa n.²) or perhaps a parallel shortening of pater n.²1629 F. Smyth Let. in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 243 I sat up so long at cards last night with my pa the Barnit and M^tr Bluet that I can scarce se yet.

colloquial.

Father, ‘daddy’. Chiefly as a form of address. Also used as a form of address to (or informal title for) a middle-aged or elderly man other than one's father; Mr.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > father > [noun]

fatherOE

sirec1250

authora1398

flesh-fathera1400

genitor1447

daddy1523

dad1533

bab1598

patera1600

dada1672

relieving officer1677

papa1681

pappy1722

baba1771

pa1773

governor1783

paw1826

fatherkin1839

pop1840

bap1842

pap1844

da1851

baba1862

puppa1885

pops1893

poppa1897

pot and pan1900

papasana1904

daddy-o1913

bapu1930

baby-father1932

abba1955

birth father1977

1773 B. Franklin Let. 2 Feb. in Papers (1976) XX. 34 He..grew fond of me, and would not be contented to sit down to Breakfast, without coming to call Pa.

1796 T. Morton Way to get Married iii. ii. 52 Clem. Brute! sir, my pa wishes to speak—Tang. I'll come to your pa.

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude II. xxxv. 221 The elder sat down [to the piano-forte], and..answered, ‘Yes Pa',’ to every thing that Pa' said.

1841 S. Warren Ten Thousand a-Year II. 75 He's a love of a man, pa, isn't he?

1880 M. E. Braddon Barbara I. vi. 111 With the exception of that decayed female, I have never seen a mortal in pa's offices.

1914 E. P. Stewart Lett. Woman Homesteader vi. 55 Just after eleven Mr. Stewart, Mis' Lane, Sedalia, and Pa Lane ‘arriv’ and came at once into the kitchen to warm.

1957 G. Smith Friends iia. 32 Pa was carried off by a coronary about ten years ago.

1989 New Yorker 18 Sept. 108/3 The girl's pa stands beside the city slicker with a shotgun jabbed in his back, and nearby are an old hunting dog and a jug of moonshine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pan.²

Brit.

/pɑː/, U.S.

/pɑ/, New Zealand English

/pʌː/

Forms: 1800s paa, 1800s parr, 1800s– pa, 1800s– pah.

Origin: A borrowing from Maori. Etymon: Maori pā.

Etymology: < Maori pā stockade, fortified place.In the 18th and early 19th cent. also found in quots. recording Maori usage, in forms heppa(h), hippa(h), eppah, etc. misinterpreting the prefixed Maori indefinite article he as part of the noun. Compare:1769 J. Banks Jrnl. 10 Nov. in Endeavour Jrnl. (1962) I. 431 Near the village was the ruins of an old Indian Eppah or Fort.1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 194 A hippah, or strong hold of the natives.1834 E. Markham N.Z. Recoll. (1963) 33 Parr [is] a Fort and Hipparr a Fort in Cooke..is put down. The Hip or Hit..is only the Article.

New Zealand.

Originally: a fortified Maori village or stronghold (now historical). In later use: any Maori village or settlement.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

1823 R. A. Cruise Jrnl. Ten Months' Resid. N.Z. 46 In the morning some of the gentlemen accompanied Krokro to his pah or fort.

1835 W. Yate Acct. N.Z. (ed. 2) 122 The Pa, or native fortification, is a place in which the natives..assemble in times of war.

1858 App. Jrnls. House of Representatives N.Z. (2nd Sess. 2nd Parl.) E.–4. 4 They seem..at present inveterate in their adherence to their Native habits, and to their residence in Pas.

1863 T. Moser Mahoe Leaves 14 A pah is strictly a fortified village, but..a collection of huts forming a native settlement is generally called a pah now-a-days.

1920 Outlook (N.Z.) 29 Nov. 18/3 Her parish is roadless, deep ravines and steep hills separate pa from pa.

1959 G. Slatter Gun in my Hand 99 Unpainted whares at the pa with cardboard at the windows and new cars parked on the lawn.

2004 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 18 Jan. The 183m volcano cone was the site of a major Maori pa, which once had a population of 3000.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Pa.n.³

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: proper name Pennsylvania.

Etymology: Shortened < the name of Pennsylvania (see Pennsylvania n.), as a graphic abbreviation.

U.S.

The State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Pennsylvania

Keystone State1831

Pa.1831

keystone1839

Quaker State1844

1831 New-Eng. Mag. Nov. 453/2 Deaths... In Philadelphia, Pa. Reuben Haines, Esq. of Germantown, aged 46.

1854 J. W. Moore Compl. Cycl. Music at Euphoniad This instrument was invented by P. L. and G. Grosh, of Petersburg, Pa. They claim that it..combines in its tones those of the organ, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and violin.

1942 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 16 June 511/1 Gerald G. Balch, doing business as Balch Flavor Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.

1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 1 Nov. 11/2 An elegant reconstruction..of the young Buchanan's tragic engagement in 1819 to Ann Coleman, the pre-eminent unmarried heiress in Lancaster, Pa.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

Pan.⁴

Brit.

/ˌpiːˈeɪ/, U.S.

/ˌpiˈeɪ/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: protactinium n.

Etymology: Symbolic abbreviation for protactinium n.

Chemistry.

The element protactinium.

ΚΠ

1921 Chem. Abstr. 15 3026 It is sepd. with protactinium (Pa) and is isotopic with it.

1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxxi. 1450 The much rarer, protactinium, was not found until 1913 when K. Fajans and O. Göhring identified ²³⁴Pa as an unstable member of the ²³⁸U decay series.

1994 D. F. Shriver et al. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) viii. 364 Oxidation states of +3 are preferred for the early elements of the block (Th, Pa, U, and Np).

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Pan.⁵

Brit.

/ˌpiːˈeɪ/, U.S.

/ˌpiˈeɪ/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Pascal n.

Etymology: Symbolic abbreviation for Pascal n.

= Pascal n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > units of pressure

bar1903

torr1949

Pascal1956

Pa1964

1964 H. S. Hvistendahl Engin. Units iii. 29 In the French decree of May 3rd, 1961, the name pascal (Pa), is adopted for the N/m².

1975 Nature 2 Oct. 371/2 The density of vitreous silica is affected irreversibly by the application of pressures of more than 2 × 10⁹ Pa.

1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. xiv. 118/2 In the SI system the unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), but for practical use in motor vehicles the kilopascal (kPa) is used.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† pav.

Forms: see pa n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pa n.¹

Etymology: < pa n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To address as ‘pa’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > in a specific way

thoua1425

thowt1440

yeet1440

ye1483

boy1573

uncle1597

goodfellow1628

thee1657

fellow1665

tutoyer1697

honour1726

pa1823

good man1846

old boy1867

tom1897

1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 266 Pa, an abbreviation of pa-pa. Pretty general perhaps. It is sometimes rather comic to hear a great chuckle-headed lout—paa-ing his father—or maa-ing his mother.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

> as lemmas

PA n. personal assistant.

ΚΠ

1942 E. Partridge Dict. Abbrev. 73/1 P.A., personal Assistant.

1969 D. Clark Nobody's Perfect ii. 61 Couldn't his P.A. have rung you when you got home?

1988 L. Dhingra Amritvela vii. 25 He's got peons and clerks and PAs who'll get it done in no time.

2003 M. A. Seeley & G. N. Hargreaves Managing in Email Office iii. 38 He dictates an email to his PA and hands her the printed copies of yesterday's emails on which he has annotated his replies.

extracted from Pn.

P.A.

P.A. n. [ < the initial letters of the name of Pierre Allain (1904–2000), French climber, who invented it; compare French chaussons PA] a canvas climbing boot with a rubber sole reinforced with a steel plate.

ΚΠ

1963 Climber Aug. 11/1 Beginners come to climbing without being aware that there is any kind of mountain footwear other than ‘vibs’—barring..the P.A.'s or kletterschuhe to which they eventually hope to aspire.

1972 D. Haston In High Places ii. 35 Neil and I [were] ahead leaving the other two arguing about who should wear the one pair of P.A.'s. (These are special boots for hard rock-climbing, with stiff, smooth rubber soles and canvas uppers. The initials are those of their inventor, Pierre Allain, a famous French climber before the Second World War.)

extracted from Pn.

PA n. Physiology = plasminogen activator.

ΚΠ

1975 Brit. Jrnl. Haematol. 30 81 Adrenaline, nicotinic acid (NA), vasopressin (LVP) and other drugs affecting vascular motility are known to increase plasminogen activator (PA) and factor-VIII plasma levels in man.

1986 Anticancer Res. 6 861 Several crude angiogenesis preparations..were tested for their ability to stimulate the production of plasminogen activator (PA) and collagenase activities..and clonal growth in cultured endothelial cells.

1996 Amer. Health June 14/1 Last year the clot-dissolving drug tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was shown to reduce brain damage when given within three hours of a stroke.

extracted from Pn.

P.A.

P.A. n. political agent.

ΚΠ

1913 E. M. Forster Let. 1 Jan. in Hill of Devi (1953) 25 The Political Agent from Neemuch..brought a party... The P.A...planted himself on the State for the night.

1937 F. Stark Baghdad Sketches 187 [They] send messages to the P.A.

extracted from Pn.

P.A.

P.A. n. Post Adjutant.

ΚΠ

1904 N.E.D. (at cited word) P.A. = Post Adjutant.

extracted from Pn.

PA n. power amplifier.

ΚΠ

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 608/1 P.A., power amplifier.

1971 Melody Maker 4 Sept. 20 The giant PA's distort their guitars out of all recognition.

1996 B. Duncan in P. Trynka Rock Hardware 88/2 The size and loud bass developed by these speakers caused something of a sensation and at the tour's end, they sold the PA to their support group.

extracted from Pn.

PA n. press agent.

ΚΠ

1921 Broadway Brevities Dec. 35 She brought shows into New York with more front-page spreads than were obtained by all the other p.a.'s put together.

1936 Amer. Speech 11 220 In terms of the theater, the P.A. is the Press Agent.

1958 Spectator 11 July 53/2 The press box was empty except for PA and The Times.

extracted from Pn.

P.A.

P.A. n. Press Association.

ΚΠ

1915 M. Macdonagh Diary 6 Oct. in London during Great War (1935) ii. iii. 80 My friend Howe, of the ‘P.A.’.

1972 D. McLachlan No Case for Crown iii. 45 I'll deal with the P.A.; their news editor used to work under me.

extracted from Pn.

PA n. programme assistant.

ΚΠ

1968 Listener 4 Apr. 442/3 Four of these programme assistants form the nucleus of Radio Sheffield's staff... My immediate task is to look at the material..left for me the previous night by one of the other PA's.

extracted from Pn.

PA n. (also p.a.) public address; public address system.

ΚΠ

1932 Billboard 16 Apr. 11/4 The performers..could have made a better showing with the p.-a. system brought into use.

1964 S. Bellow Herzog (1965) 35 Over the p.a. system the management begged the spectators not to throw pennies.

1990 S. Morgan Homeboy lix. 362 A voice over the P.A. congratulated the Mid-South Plumbers Association on having fewer Chapter Elevens than any other national trade association.

extracted from Pn.

p.a.

p.a. n. per annum.

ΚΠ

a1912 W. T. Rogers Dict. Abbrev. (1913) 145/2 p.a., Per annum (For the year).

1955 Times 7 July 1/5 Salary, £1,200–£1,600 p.a., plus free furnished quarters, fuel, light, water.

1991 Economist 5 Oct. 56 (advt.) Thirty-odd years later, Kyoto Ceramics—rechristened Kyocera for short—is a multinational giant, turning over in excess of £2 billion p.a. and making anything from personal computers to cameras.

extracted from Pn.

n.¹1773

n.²1823

n.³1831

n.⁴1921

n.⁵1964

v.1823

as lemmas

单词	pa
释义	pan.¹ Brit. /pɑː/, U.S. /pɑ/ Forms: 1700s– pa, 1800s pa', 1800s paa. Also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: papa n.² Etymology: Shortened < papa n.²For representations of U.S. regional pronunciations see paw n.³; for further realizations see Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (at cited word). The following perhaps shows an earlier example of the present word (although if so it would considerably antedate papa n.²) or perhaps a parallel shortening of pater n.²1629 F. Smyth Let. in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 243 I sat up so long at cards last night with my pa the Barnit and M^tr Bluet that I can scarce se yet. colloquial. Father, ‘daddy’. Chiefly as a form of address. Also used as a form of address to (or informal title for) a middle-aged or elderly man other than one's father; Mr. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > father > [noun] fatherOE sirec1250 authora1398 flesh-fathera1400 genitor1447 daddy1523 dad1533 bab1598 patera1600 dada1672 relieving officer1677 papa1681 pappy1722 baba1771 pa1773 governor1783 paw1826 fatherkin1839 pop1840 bap1842 pap1844 da1851 baba1862 puppa1885 pops1893 poppa1897 pot and pan1900 papasana1904 daddy-o1913 bapu1930 baby-father1932 abba1955 birth father1977 1773 B. Franklin Let. 2 Feb. in Papers (1976) XX. 34 He..grew fond of me, and would not be contented to sit down to Breakfast, without coming to call Pa. 1796 T. Morton Way to get Married iii. ii. 52 Clem. Brute! sir, my pa wishes to speak—Tang. I'll come to your pa. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude II. xxxv. 221 The elder sat down [to the piano-forte], and..answered, ‘Yes Pa',’ to every thing that Pa' said. 1841 S. Warren Ten Thousand a-Year II. 75 He's a love of a man, pa, isn't he? 1880 M. E. Braddon Barbara I. vi. 111 With the exception of that decayed female, I have never seen a mortal in pa's offices. 1914 E. P. Stewart Lett. Woman Homesteader vi. 55 Just after eleven Mr. Stewart, Mis' Lane, Sedalia, and Pa Lane ‘arriv’ and came at once into the kitchen to warm. 1957 G. Smith Friends iia. 32 Pa was carried off by a coronary about ten years ago. 1989 New Yorker 18 Sept. 108/3 The girl's pa stands beside the city slicker with a shotgun jabbed in his back, and nearby are an old hunting dog and a jug of moonshine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pan.² Brit. /pɑː/, U.S. /pɑ/, New Zealand English /pʌː/ Forms: 1800s paa, 1800s parr, 1800s– pa, 1800s– pah. Origin: A borrowing from Maori. Etymon: Maori pā. Etymology: < Maori pā stockade, fortified place.In the 18th and early 19th cent. also found in quots. recording Maori usage, in forms heppa(h), hippa(h), eppah, etc. misinterpreting the prefixed Maori indefinite article he as part of the noun. Compare:1769 J. Banks Jrnl. 10 Nov. in Endeavour Jrnl. (1962) I. 431 Near the village was the ruins of an old Indian Eppah or Fort.1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 194 A hippah, or strong hold of the natives.1834 E. Markham N.Z. Recoll. (1963) 33 Parr [is] a Fort and Hipparr a Fort in Cooke..is put down. The Hip or Hit..is only the Article. New Zealand. Originally: a fortified Maori village or stronghold (now historical). In later use: any Maori village or settlement. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 1823 R. A. Cruise Jrnl. Ten Months' Resid. N.Z. 46 In the morning some of the gentlemen accompanied Krokro to his pah or fort. 1835 W. Yate Acct. N.Z. (ed. 2) 122 The Pa, or native fortification, is a place in which the natives..assemble in times of war. 1858 App. Jrnls. House of Representatives N.Z. (2nd Sess. 2nd Parl.) E.–4. 4 They seem..at present inveterate in their adherence to their Native habits, and to their residence in Pas. 1863 T. Moser Mahoe Leaves 14 A pah is strictly a fortified village, but..a collection of huts forming a native settlement is generally called a pah now-a-days. 1920 Outlook (N.Z.) 29 Nov. 18/3 Her parish is roadless, deep ravines and steep hills separate pa from pa. 1959 G. Slatter Gun in my Hand 99 Unpainted whares at the pa with cardboard at the windows and new cars parked on the lawn. 2004 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 18 Jan. The 183m volcano cone was the site of a major Maori pa, which once had a population of 3000. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Pa.n.³ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: proper name Pennsylvania. Etymology: Shortened < the name of Pennsylvania (see Pennsylvania n.), as a graphic abbreviation. U.S. The State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Pennsylvania Keystone State1831 Pa.1831 keystone1839 Quaker State1844 1831 New-Eng. Mag. Nov. 453/2 Deaths... In Philadelphia, Pa. Reuben Haines, Esq. of Germantown, aged 46. 1854 J. W. Moore Compl. Cycl. Music at Euphoniad This instrument was invented by P. L. and G. Grosh, of Petersburg, Pa. They claim that it..combines in its tones those of the organ, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and violin. 1942 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 16 June 511/1 Gerald G. Balch, doing business as Balch Flavor Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 1 Nov. 11/2 An elegant reconstruction..of the young Buchanan's tragic engagement in 1819 to Ann Coleman, the pre-eminent unmarried heiress in Lancaster, Pa. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2019). Pan.⁴ Brit. /ˌpiːˈeɪ/, U.S. /ˌpiˈeɪ/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: protactinium n. Etymology: Symbolic abbreviation for protactinium n. Chemistry. The element protactinium. ΚΠ 1921 Chem. Abstr. 15 3026 It is sepd. with protactinium (Pa) and is isotopic with it. 1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxxi. 1450 The much rarer, protactinium, was not found until 1913 when K. Fajans and O. Göhring identified ²³⁴Pa as an unstable member of the ²³⁸U decay series. 1994 D. F. Shriver et al. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) viii. 364 Oxidation states of +3 are preferred for the early elements of the block (Th, Pa, U, and Np). This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Pan.⁵ Brit. /ˌpiːˈeɪ/, U.S. /ˌpiˈeɪ/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Pascal n. Etymology: Symbolic abbreviation for Pascal n. = Pascal n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > units of pressure bar1903 torr1949 Pascal1956 Pa1964 1964 H. S. Hvistendahl Engin. Units iii. 29 In the French decree of May 3rd, 1961, the name pascal (Pa), is adopted for the N/m². 1975 Nature 2 Oct. 371/2 The density of vitreous silica is affected irreversibly by the application of pressures of more than 2 × 10⁹ Pa. 1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. xiv. 118/2 In the SI system the unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), but for practical use in motor vehicles the kilopascal (kPa) is used. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pav. Forms: see pa n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pa n.¹ Etymology: < pa n.¹ Obsolete. rare. transitive. To address as ‘pa’. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > in a specific way thoua1425 thowt1440 yeet1440 ye1483 boy1573 uncle1597 goodfellow1628 thee1657 fellow1665 tutoyer1697 honour1726 pa1823 good man1846 old boy1867 tom1897 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 266 Pa, an abbreviation of pa-pa. Pretty general perhaps. It is sometimes rather comic to hear a great chuckle-headed lout—paa-ing his father—or maa-ing his mother. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2020). > as lemmas PA PA n. personal assistant. ΚΠ 1942 E. Partridge Dict. Abbrev. 73/1 P.A., personal Assistant. 1969 D. Clark Nobody's Perfect ii. 61 Couldn't his P.A. have rung you when you got home? 1988 L. Dhingra Amritvela vii. 25 He's got peons and clerks and PAs who'll get it done in no time. 2003 M. A. Seeley & G. N. Hargreaves Managing in Email Office iii. 38 He dictates an email to his PA and hands her the printed copies of yesterday's emails on which he has annotated his replies. extracted from Pn. P.A. P.A. n. [ < the initial letters of the name of Pierre Allain (1904–2000), French climber, who invented it; compare French chaussons PA] a canvas climbing boot with a rubber sole reinforced with a steel plate. ΚΠ 1963 Climber Aug. 11/1 Beginners come to climbing without being aware that there is any kind of mountain footwear other than ‘vibs’—barring..the P.A.'s or kletterschuhe to which they eventually hope to aspire. 1972 D. Haston In High Places ii. 35 Neil and I [were] ahead leaving the other two arguing about who should wear the one pair of P.A.'s. (These are special boots for hard rock-climbing, with stiff, smooth rubber soles and canvas uppers. The initials are those of their inventor, Pierre Allain, a famous French climber before the Second World War.) extracted from Pn. PA PA n. Physiology = plasminogen activator. ΚΠ 1975 Brit. Jrnl. Haematol. 30 81 Adrenaline, nicotinic acid (NA), vasopressin (LVP) and other drugs affecting vascular motility are known to increase plasminogen activator (PA) and factor-VIII plasma levels in man. 1986 Anticancer Res. 6 861 Several crude angiogenesis preparations..were tested for their ability to stimulate the production of plasminogen activator (PA) and collagenase activities..and clonal growth in cultured endothelial cells. 1996 Amer. Health June 14/1 Last year the clot-dissolving drug tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was shown to reduce brain damage when given within three hours of a stroke. extracted from Pn. P.A. P.A. n. political agent. ΚΠ 1913 E. M. Forster Let. 1 Jan. in Hill of Devi (1953) 25 The Political Agent from Neemuch..brought a party... The P.A...planted himself on the State for the night. 1937 F. Stark Baghdad Sketches 187 [They] send messages to the P.A. extracted from Pn. P.A. P.A. n. Post Adjutant. ΚΠ 1904 N.E.D. (at cited word) P.A. = Post Adjutant. extracted from Pn. PA PA n. power amplifier. ΚΠ 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 608/1 P.A., power amplifier. 1971 Melody Maker 4 Sept. 20 The giant PA's distort their guitars out of all recognition. 1996 B. Duncan in P. Trynka Rock Hardware 88/2 The size and loud bass developed by these speakers caused something of a sensation and at the tour's end, they sold the PA to their support group. extracted from Pn. PA PA n. press agent. ΚΠ 1921 Broadway Brevities Dec. 35 She brought shows into New York with more front-page spreads than were obtained by all the other p.a.'s put together. 1936 Amer. Speech 11 220 In terms of the theater, the P.A. is the Press Agent. 1958 Spectator 11 July 53/2 The press box was empty except for PA and The Times. extracted from Pn. P.A. P.A. n. Press Association. ΚΠ 1915 M. Macdonagh Diary 6 Oct. in London during Great War (1935) ii. iii. 80 My friend Howe, of the ‘P.A.’. 1972 D. McLachlan No Case for Crown iii. 45 I'll deal with the P.A.; their news editor used to work under me. extracted from Pn. PA PA n. programme assistant. ΚΠ 1968 Listener 4 Apr. 442/3 Four of these programme assistants form the nucleus of Radio Sheffield's staff... My immediate task is to look at the material..left for me the previous night by one of the other PA's. extracted from Pn. PA PA n. (also p.a.) public address; public address system. ΚΠ 1932 Billboard 16 Apr. 11/4 The performers..could have made a better showing with the p.-a. system brought into use. 1964 S. Bellow Herzog (1965) 35 Over the p.a. system the management begged the spectators not to throw pennies. 1990 S. Morgan Homeboy lix. 362 A voice over the P.A. congratulated the Mid-South Plumbers Association on having fewer Chapter Elevens than any other national trade association. extracted from Pn. p.a. p.a. n. per annum. ΚΠ a1912 W. T. Rogers Dict. Abbrev. (1913) 145/2 p.a., Per annum (For the year). 1955 Times 7 July 1/5 Salary, £1,200–£1,600 p.a., plus free furnished quarters, fuel, light, water. 1991 Economist 5 Oct. 56 (advt.) Thirty-odd years later, Kyoto Ceramics—rechristened Kyocera for short—is a multinational giant, turning over in excess of £2 billion p.a. and making anything from personal computers to cameras. extracted from Pn. < n.¹1773n.²1823n.³1831n.⁴1921n.⁵1964v.1823 as lemmas
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