oxn.
/ɒks/, U.S. /ɑks/ 1.
a. A large cloven-hoofed, often horned ruminant mammal, Bos taurus (family Bovidae), derived from the extinct Eurasian aurochs and long domesticated for its milk, meat, and hide; a cow, a bull; (in plural) cattle. Frequently spec.: a castrated adult male of this animal, esp. as used as a draught animal; a bullock.In U.S. regional use sometimes euphemistic: a bull (see quot. 1931).With distinguishing word (indicating breed, use, etc.): see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Bovinae (bovine) > [noun]
oxeOE
bullock1535
beef1583
bovine1845
Murray grey1963
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun]
neateOE
oxeOE
rother beast1375
nolt1437
beef1583
beeve1847
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock
steera700
oxeOE
bullocka1000
stot1251
bovert?a1400
stotterel1532
ox stirk1550
steerling1648
horny1808
piker1887
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) viii. 7 (8) Oues et boues uniuersa insuper et pecora campi : scep and oxan all ec ðon & netenu feldes.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke (headings to readings) lv Exemplo bouis : mið bisseno oxes.
OE Riddle 22 13 Þa þa hors oðbær eh ond eorlas, æscum dealle, ofer wætres byht wægn to lande, swa hine oxa ne teah ne esna mægen ne fæthengest.
OE Marriage Agreement between Godwine & Brihtric (Sawyer 1461) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 150 Þrittig oxna & twentig cuna, & tyn hors.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1085 An oxe, ne an cu, ne an swin, næs belyfon.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 195 (MED) He strepte of him..seuen þusend shep and þrie þusend oluontes and half hundre giokes of ocsen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15881 He brohte ham halue his oxen.
c1300 St. James Great (Laud) 169 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 39 (MED) Gothþ..ope þulke hulle, finde ȝe mowen þere Oxene and Bolen.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 1835 He tok plowh..Wherinne anon in stede of Oxes He let do yoken grete foxes.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xxii. 2 A slow man is stonyd of the dung of oxis.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) x. 393 [He] has left all his oxyn out.
a1500 (c1445) J. Lydgate Miracles St. Edmund 37 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 440–5 (MED) A droof of oxes cam fforby ther presence Passyng the bregge.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 568 Wo shuld pas out of perell fro þo proude exin, Þat with flamys of fyre han so furse hete?
1569 T. Blague Schole of Wise Conceytes 112 A Harte being pursued of a Hunter, ran into an Oxe stall, praying the Oxen to hide him in their rack.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 250 If the blood be fallen into Oxens Legges, it must be let forth.
1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S. No. 76) 67 Ta see me Owse dead at me feet.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) A Bull-Calf gelt in Time becomes an Ox.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 420 The patient ox, with stripes and yells Driv'n to the slaughter.
1846 J. H. Ingraham Spectre Steamer 61/1 If de country people know'd you was skulkin' here arter corn, and flour, and sheep, and oxes.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ix. 289 Many a slow-paced ox with curving horns They slew.
1905 A. V. Culbertson Banjo Talks 41 Hitch my oxes To de plow.
1931 V. Randolph Ozarks 79 The names of male animals must not be mentioned when women are present... Many Southerners use ox..instead of the English bull.
2001 B. K. Das tr. P. Ray Primal Land xxxix. 118 We still have one ox; we will slaughter it for the feast.
b. As a proverbial type of strength, brawn, fortitude, obstinacy, etc. Chiefly similative, esp. in as strong as an ox.
ΚΠ
1677 Duke of Newcastle & T. Shadwell Triumphant Widow ii. i. 13 I may use such Similes as these, as brown as a Berry,..drunk as an Owl, as strong as a Horse, as dull as an Ox, &c.
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 174 Is it meet to think that a little child should handle Goliah as David did? or that there should be the strength of an Ox in a Wren? View more context for this quotation
a1832 G. Crabbe Poet. Wks. (1834) V. 30 See! that sleek fellow, how he strides along, Strong as an ox, and ignorant as strong.
1867 A. Cary Bishop's Son ii. 45 He was big, big as the side of the house! stupid, stupid as an ox!
1977 ‘J. Herriot’ Vets might Fly 42 He was very like the boxer himself; not over-burdened with brains, built like an ox with powerful shoulders and a big constantly-grinning face.
1996 Independent (Nexis) 8 Jan. (Sport section) 1 Connolly might have the look of a slightly dissolute choirboy, but he has the strength and constitution of an ox.
c. Chiefly U.S. [Apparently in allusion to a response given by Martin Luther (1483–1546) at the Diet of Worms (1521).] In collocation with gored. An interest that is threatened or harmed. Chiefly in whose ox is gored.
ΚΠ
1843 Brooklyn Eagle & Kings County Democrat 7 Aug. 2/2 If the Democrats, under like circumstances, had made such a declaration, the welkin would have rung and rung again with anathemas against repudiation. But it makes a difference whose ox is gored.
1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 593 This is a doctrine which if allowed, will be adopted very much on the principle of whose ‘ox is gored’.
1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. iv. 442 It makes a difference whose ox is gored, it seems.
1973 V. C. Ike Potter's Wheel (1974) ix. 68 He was widely known as a dare-devil who carried out his intentions without caring whose ox was gored.
1994 H. Bloom Western Canon i. i. 15 Every teaching institution will have its department of cultural studies, an ox not to be gored.
2. Any of various other heavily built, wild or domesticated ruminant mammals belonging to the genus Bos (as the zebu, yak, gaur, gayal, etc.) or to the tribe Bovini (including buffaloes and bison). Also: a musk ox.American, grunting ox, etc.: see the first element. See also musk ox n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Bovinae (bovine) > [noun] > wild
oxOE
buglea1382
oryxa1382
buff1552
reem1607
bran1688
bush cow1847
OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 73 Bubalus, wilde oxa.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 273v In Germania beþ wilde open [read oxen; L. boues agrestes] wiþ so longe hornes þat þe kynges bord is yserued with drynke þerof..Thise oxen [L. boues] haten all þing þat is reed, and þerfore hunters cloþiþ hem in reed to make þese oxen pursue hem.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xiv. 5 This is a beeste which ȝe schulen ete: an oxe and a scheep..a wielde oxe [a1425 E.V. bugle; L. bubalum].
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 68 The name bos or an oxe as we say in English, is the most vulgar and ordinarie name for Bugles, bulles, cowes, Buffes, and all great clouen-footed-horned-beasts.
1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xiv. 5 The Pygarg, and the wilde oxe [L. orygem], and the chamois. View more context for this quotation
1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay 41 The American Oxen, or Beeves, have a large Bunch upon their Backs.
1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular VI. 240 The Zebu, or Dwarf Ox.
1816 H. M. Brackenridge Jrnl. Voy. Missouri 175 The hump in a large ox, is about a foot in length.
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. I. §269 None..are so remarkable as the Zebu or Brahmin Ox.
1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 203 In the forests of Lithuania there yet linger a few herds of another enormous ox..the European bison.
1982 A. Grey Saigon (1983) (BNC) 95 Only a bull seladang, the giant wild ox of Asia, had so far eluded them.
1990 A. Smyth & C. Wheater Here's Health: Green Guide (BNC) 89 Animals on the brink of extinction are the black rhino of Africa, a wild Asian ox known as the Kouprey, [etc.].
3. figurative. the black ox: adversity, hardship, misfortune; the cares of life. Chiefly in the black ox has trod on his (also her, etc.) foot and variants. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase] > adversity has afflicted one
the black ox has trod on his (also her, etc.) foot1546
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [noun]
eld971
old agec1330
agec1380
last agea1382
oldc1385
aldereldea1400
winterc1425
vilessec1430
annosityc1450
senectute1481
the black ox1546
golden years1559
years1561
great1587
afterlife1589
setting sun1597
antiquity1600
chair-daysa1616
the vale of yearsa1616
grandevity1623
green old age1634
eldship1647
senioritya1688
the other side of the hill1691
the decline of life1711
senectude1756
senility1791
senectitude1796
post-climacteric1826
Anno Domini1885
senium1911
golden age1946
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. vii. sig. B4 It was yet but hony moone. The blacke oxe had not trode on his nor her foote.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvi. 139 Till the blacke oxe tread vpon his toes, and neede make him trie what mettle he is made of.
1591 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao iv. ii She was a pretie wench,..now crowes foote is on her eye, & the black oxe hath troad on her foote.
a1635 E. Fairfax Dæmonologia (1882) iv. 170 The black ox treads not yet upon thy toe, Nor thy good fortune turns her wheele away.
a1637 B. Jonson Tale of Tub iv. vi, in Wks. (1640) III The black Oxe never trod yet O your foot. View more context for this quotation
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xliii. 301 The common phrases of wild oats, and black oxen, and such-like, were qualifiers.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xi. 227 The black ox has tramped on ye since I was aneath your roof-tree.
1850 L. Hunt Autobiogr. I. iv. 171 The ‘black ox’ trod on the fairy foot of my light-hearted cousin Fan.
1919 H. Trench Napoleon iii. i. 67 Ah, has the black ox trodden on your foot?
1985 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 20 Mar. 21 Go any deeper into Stevie Smith, and you may wish you hadn't. She was one on whom the black ox hath trod.
4. figurative. A fool. Now somewhat archaic.Chiefly in phrases, as to play the (giddy, etc.) ox, †to make (a person) an ox (sometimes with suggestion of cuckoldry) (obsolete). See also dumb ox at dumb adj. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, dupe [phrase]
to put an ape in a person's hoodc1330
to glaze one's houvec1369
to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529
to make a fool of1534
to give (any one) the bobc1540
to lead (a person) a dancea1545
to make (someone) an ass1548
to make (a person) an ox1566
to play bob-fool witha1592
to sell any one a bargain1598
to put the fool on1649
to make a monkey (out) of1767
to play (a person) for a sucker (also fool, etc.)1869
to string (someone) along1902
to swing it on or across1923
1566 W. Adlington tr. Apuleius .XI. Bks. Golden Asse xxxviii. f. 89v He by & by (being made a very oxe) lighted a candle.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 119 Fal. I do begin to perceiue that I am made an Asse. Ford. I, and an Oxe too. View more context for this quotation
1640 H. Mill Nights Search 126 At last he findes she made an Oxe of him.
1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate iii. 34 An you make an Ass of me, I'll make an Ox of you, I tell ye that.
1799 W. Render Robbers iv. xv. 146 Why has not Perillus made an ox of me, that within me the feelings of humanity might have been burnt up.
1892 Ally Sloper's Half-Holiday 19 Mar. 91/2 Fanny Robinson was flighty; she played the giddy ox—I mean, heifer.
1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands x. 126 You don't see 'em buckin' up, or playin' ther frivolous ox.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. i. [Telemachus] 7 Don't you play the giddy ox with me!
2000 Independent (Nexis) 31 Dec. 8 Victorian veterinarians played the giddy ox (as my dear old dad would've said).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > bearing specific device
bigate1600
quadrigate1600
victoriate1601
ox1607
cistophorus1848
radiate1932
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 66 The cryer in euery publicke spectacle made proclamation, that he which deserued well, shold be rewarded with an ox, (meaning a peece of mony hauing that impresse vpon it..).
1887 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 8 134 We learn that the Attic didrachm was called βοῦς. On the other hand the best authorities maintain that the type of an ox is entirely unknown on the Athenian coinage. That, however, the name might be applied to a coin or sum of a certain value is rendered highly probable by [etc.].
1892 Academy 10 Sept. 220/2 We must therefore take the value of the ox in Delos at two silver drachmas.
Compounds
In some compounds the first element is occasionally the plural form oxen (see note in etymology). C1.
a. General attributive.† ox-close n. Obsolete† ox-common n. Obsolete† ox-fair n. Obsolete rare† ox-lease n. Obsolete rare† ox-loom n. Obsolete rare† ox-rung n. Obsolete rare† ox sawmill n. Obsolete† ox-spavin n. Obsolete rare
ox bell n.
ΚΠ
1847 Sharpe's London Mag. 16 Jan. 191/2 She thought the dark creatures..must be her father's oxen;..and she wondered she did not hear the ox-bell.
1892 ‘Q’ I saw Three Ships 163 Scattered among these were ox-bells, rook-rattles, a fog-horn or two.
2002 Leaf-Chron. (Clarksville, Tennessee) (Nexis) 25 Dec. 1 d The ox bells clanked, tonk-tonk, tinnk-tink.
ox-boose n.
ΚΠ
1432 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 54 (MED) In oxbose de lignis facto empto in domo Joh. Hovyngham, 6 s. 8 d.
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 36 An Ox-boose: an Ox-stall, or Cow-stall.
1800 Specimens Yorks. Dial. 24 Freeten'd awd cock doon inte t'ows-beeas.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 324 Ox-boise, an ox-stall.
a1903 P. Radcliffe in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 397/1 [N. Country] [Ox]-boise or -boose[an ox-stall used in the winter].
ox chain n.
ΚΠ
1785 G. Washington Diary (1925) II. 441 [1] Oxe Chain.
1866 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 292 I also repaired 20 wagons, 15 ox chains, 15 grain cradles.
2000 Africa (Nexis) 22 June 333 The usual fee for cleansing during the 1990s was four cattle or their equivalent, ox chains and ploughs or money being taken in lieu of cattle.
ΚΠ
1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1894) I. 113 Parkes, parockes, and the oxcloses.
1871 N. Moore in C. Waterton Ess. Nat. Hist. 132 The land-rail was craking from the Ox-close.
ΚΠ
1641 in J. Merrill Hist. Amesbury, Mass. (1880) 19 Three hundred acres of upland inclosed for an ox common.
1746 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 368 Half a share of Marsh lying at a place called the Ox Common.
a1889 J. Dow Hist. Hampton (New Hampsh.) (1893) I. ii It had been agreed at a town-meeting on the 23d of March, 1641, to set apart this tract as an ox-common from that time ‘to the world's end’.
ox convoy n.
ΚΠ
1902 A. Conan Doyle Great Boer War (1903) xxxviii. 536 The ox-convoy was sent on, under escort of half of his little force.
1916 J. Buchan Greenmantle xvi We found troops by the thousands striding along with their impassive Turkish faces, ox convoys, mule convoys, [etc.].
ox-dung n.
ΚΠ
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 741 (MED) Ox dong aboute her roote if that me trete, The pomes sadde & braune wol it gete.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 19 If dung was..short, such as ox-dung and horse-dung that would spit.
1983 Jrnl. Operational Res. Soc. 34 1164 Heraclitus is said to have died as a result of the application of ox-dung in an attempt to cure the dropsy.
ΚΠ
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 90v Oxbowe, arquillus, columbar..A Oxfayre, bouilla, est locus vbi boues venduntur.
ox flesh n.
ΚΠ
a1500 Gloss. John of Garland in T. Wright Vocabularies (1857) 127 (MED) Oxe flessche, schepys flessche, hogges flessche, with lepur yscmyte.
1714 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 29 58 I have..viewed several small Fibres of Ox-Flesh.
1979 Greece & Rome 26 148 The ritual eating of raw ox flesh..was the culminating act of the Dionysiac winter dance.
ox-gad n.
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 31 Samgar..which slewe sixe hundreth Philistynes with an oxes gadd.]
1836 Knickerbocker 8 681 His father kept a long ox-gad to whip him with.
1866 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 157/2 He..picked up a stick used for an ox-gad, and said, if I did not go to work, he would whip me.
1917 J. L. Robertson Petition 86 An Ochil lad wi' a bare ox-gad Would match him in a fight.
ox-gallstone n.
ΚΠ
1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 588 Ox gall-stones consist mainly of cholochrome, cholic acid, and choloidic acid, with small portions of cholesterin.
1985 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 26 June 16 In Taiwan, a company seeks a trial order of ox gallstones and American wild ginseng.
ox-goad n.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) Judges iii. 31 Shamgar..which slew..sixe hundred men with an oxe goad [1535 Coverdale Oxes gadd] . View more context for this quotation
1843 Knickerbocker 21 125 The ladies requested the loan of Mr. Diddlemas's ox-goad to knock down chestnut burrs.
1998 S. Lawrence Montenegro 144 As he passed the gatepost of the frontier he struck it a savage blow with his ox-goad.
ox-gut n.
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1767 Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 182 A piece of ox-gut furnished with a small brass cock, which I find more convenient for trying the specific gravity of small quantities of air, than a bladder.
2001 Sunday Times (Nexis) 29 July It is claimed that ox-gut hoses played a part in firefighting as long ago as 400 bc.
ΚΠ
1881 H. Smith & C. R. Smith Isle of Wight Words 24 Oxlays, see Cowlays. [Cf. 7 Cow-lays, a lea or meadow where cows are kept.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > operated in specific way
ox-loom1701
power loom1808
1701 in K. Steuart By Allan Water (1901) iii. 73 Item the caldron and oxen-looms £2.
ox market n.
ΚΠ
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 61 I saw a late erected ox-market.
1998 Japan Times (Nexis) 12 Aug. At its peak as the capital of West Friesland, it [sc. Enkhuizen]..hosted the nation's largest annual ox market.
ox-mill n.
ΚΠ
1826 T. Flint Recoll. Last Ten Years 211 Steam-mills arose in St. Louis, and ox-mills on the principle of the..tread-mill.
1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 150 It wasn't so filling as the rough stuff that is ground in the Roman ox-mills.
ox pasture n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > cattle pasture
ox pasturea1300
fugationa1483
cow-pasture1523
ox-grass1568
cow-gang1583
cow-gate1597
dairy-groundsa1618
cattle-range1640
outlet1667
cow-down1724
tack1804
cattle-gate1808
cow's grass1824
cattle station1851
cattle-run1853
cow-lease1854
cattle ranch1857
cattle-post1865
home range1871
cow-run1887
a1300 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 327 (MED) Oxpasture.
1657 in B. D. Hicks Rec. N. & S. Hempstead, Long Island (1896) I. 25 Robord Ashman fower gattes belonging to the towne in the est oxpaster hee to mayntayn the finse for one yeer.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) iii. 234 I can see these unwieldy tame deer..chewing their cud there, until it is nothing but an ox-pasture, and run out at that.
2002 Union Leader (Manchester, New Hampsh.) (Nexis) 30 Nov. d10 There were a great many chestnut trees growing along the lower edge of our ox pasture.
ox-plough n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other types of plough
ox-plough?1523
double plough1653
chip plough1742
Rotherham plough1743
fluke plough1775
breaking plough1781
miner1794
snap-plough1798
turf-cutter1819
scooter plough1820
bull-tongue1831
prairie plough1831
split-plough1840
prairie breaker1857
straddle-plough1875
tickle-plough1875
chill-plough1886
stump-jump1896
swamp plough1930
prairie buster1943
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiiiv In some places an oxe ploughe is better than a horse plough.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. v. 160 The beam..may be made shorter in a two-horse plough, or an ox-plough.
2000 Sunday News (Tanzania) 19 Mar. 3/3 There was also a need to promote proper land cultivation practices using appropriate farm implements such as ox-plough, ripper, ridger, cultivator and tractor.
ox prod n.
ΚΠ
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 134 Prod, an iron point at the end of a stick. ‘An ox prod’, an ox goad.
1987 A. Hurley tr. R. Arenas Singing from Well 10 I see my mother coming towards me carrying an ox prod.
ΚΠ
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. vii Thus Admetus' neatherds give Apollo a draught of their goatskin whey-bottle (well if they do not give him strokes with their ox-rungs).
ΚΠ
1817 in Trans. Illinois State Hist. Soc. 1910 (1912) 150 An inclined Wheel ox Saw Mill with two saws.
1882 Hist. & Biogr. Cycl. Butler County, Ohio 578/2 John Caldwell had a farm at Westchester and a tanyard... Hezekiah Smith had an ox saw-mill.
ox-shoe n.
ΚΠ
c1550 in Archaeologia (1982) 107 187/2 Firkyns full of oxe showes.
1831 T. B. Hazard Nailer Tom's Diary (1930) 732/2 George Austing workt here makeing Ox Shoes.
1998 D. K. Cameron Eng. Fair vi. 79 One Boroughbridge blacksmith reckoned to make some 30,000 ox-shoes each droving season.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > tumour
warnelc1000
waribreed?1523
warblea1585
leek1688
ox-spavin1728
pickeridge1882
warble-lump1886
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Spavin Ox-Spavin, which is a callous Tumour, at the Bottom of the Ham, on the Inside, hard as a Bone, and very painful.
ox-team n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > working > for ploughing > team of
ox-team1573
plough1576
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 15 For oxteme & horseteme, in plough for to goe.
1776 in Huntington (N.Y.) Town Rec. (1889) III. 17 Carting Genll Tryons Baggage from Huntington to Jamaica with an Ox team.
1875 A. B. Meacham Wigwam & War-Path i. 4 I went as captain of the ox-team.
1993 G. E. Evans Crooked Scythe (BNC) 85 The acre or strip, which was the average day's ploughing for an ox-team.
ox track n.
ΚΠ
1852 ‘E. Wetherell’ Queechy I. xxvii. 403 She had taken a pleasant walk with him in summer weather among those same woods, in that very ox-track she believed.
1998 Hobart Mercury (Nexis) 13 Nov. Few roads were more developed than ox tracks.
ox train n.
ΚΠ
1848 Southern Q. Rev. July 186 It was found necessary to leave the ox trains and pony teams behind and advance without them.
1887 E. B. Custer Tenting on Plains 357 There is no picture that represents the weariness and laggard progress of life like an ox-train.
1968 E. A. McCourt Saskatchewan x. 112 Some settlers arrived..by ox train and Red River cart.
ox transport n.
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1878 Dispatch 11 Nov. in Times (1879) 28 Mar. 3/4 In an enemy's country, with bad roads and slow ox transport, ten miles must be looked upon as the longest march it will be possible or even safe to make.
1993 Smithsonian (Nexis) Sept. 82 Oxen..lay in the shade of a school bus or tractor-trailer that had been turned into an ox transport.
ox-wain n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon (usually four-wheeled) > drawn by oxen
ox-wagon1735
ox-wain1820
bullock-wagon1863
1820 H. Matthews Diary of Invalid (ed. 2) 18 Abundance of ox-wains.
1986 S. Penman Here be Dragons (1991) (U.K. ed.) i. xvii. 261 My brother Adam was taking an oxwain into Blanc Minster, had a load of wool skeins to deliver to Will the weaver.
ox-whip n.
ΚΠ
1822 S. Woodworth Deed of Gift i. ii. 15 Enter..Meanwell, with an ox-whip in his hand.
1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood ii. 85 One morning, when he was ready to start for another load, his ox-whip was not to be found.
1983 Mod. Asian Stud. 17 301 An ox-whip and a leather rope for the well.
b. Appositive, with the sense ‘male’ (see sense 1, and cf. bull n.1 Compounds 1a).† ox stirk n. Obsolete
ox calf n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > young
bullocka1000
bulchin1330
ox calfa1450
bulkin1600
hog bull1811
novillo1831
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) i. 3 Þonne bringe he of hryþerum an unwemme [read unwemne] oxancealf [L. masculum immaculatum] to þære halgan stowe dura.]
a1450 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) f. 288/2 Oxe calfe [a1398 BL Add. The Calf hatte vitulus].
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxix It is tyme to gelde his oxen calues in the olde of the mone: whan they be .x. dayes or .xx. dayes olde.
1831 J. Morton Gloucestershire Hill-farm 17 in Farm-rep. Six ox-calves of the Hereford breed.
1994 Toronto Star 10 July f8/1 The discovery in Vietnam of a small, female ox calf with stubby horns.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock
steera700
oxeOE
bullocka1000
stot1251
bovert?a1400
stotterel1532
ox stirk1550
steerling1648
horny1808
piker1887
1550 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 59 One oxe stirke with a whitte in his forehead.
1697 Rental of Brabster, Caithness in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. VIII. ii. 73 Two ox steirkes, kellow, humbled.
c. Objective.† ox-butchering n. Obsolete† ox-hunting n. Obsolete† ox-loosing n. Obsolete† ox-whitening adj. Obsolete
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a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 23 The sheep and ox-butchering, at which the Homeric heroes are so expert.
ox-driver n.
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1643 in G. R. Kinloch Select. Minutes Synod of Fife (1837) 136 Cadgers, oxin driveris and load callers.
1828 A. Royall Black Bk. II. 114 He was one of your right down flat footed ox-drivers.
1993 G. E. Evans Crooked Scythe (BNC) 84 The traditional shape of the old horseman's day was a continuation of the much older discipline submitted to by the ox-driver and the ploughman.
ox driving n.
ΚΠ
1855 F. Douglass My Bondage & my Freedom xv. 205 (heading) First adventure at ox driving.
1993 Smithsonian (Nexis) Sept. 82 New England has always been the home of ox driving in the United States.
ΚΠ
1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 ii. 3 Their chief employment at first was ox-hunting.
ΚΠ
1837 C. A. Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 275 Is it ox-loosing time, or later?
ox-roasting n.
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1805 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled v. 145 (note) We recommend it to be sung..at all the meetings of good Democrats, assembled in..midnight electioneering caucusses, ox-roasting junkets, &c.
1991 B. Howell Dandelion Days (BNC) 210 There would be ox-roasting at midday and then a demonstration of marching by the lads.
ox-shoeing n.
ΚΠ
1776 in J. R. Bartlett Rec. State Rhode Island (1863) VIII. 89 Horse-shoeing, all round, with steel corks, heel and toe, 6s.; ox-shoeing, and other blacksmith's work, in the same Proportion.
1890 N. P. Langford Vigilante Days I. xxvi. 384 We sat down upon the ox-shoeing frame, and talked over the whole matter.
1989 Econ. Hist. Rev. 42 100 Langdon considers ox-shoeing as an example of technical diffusion.
ox-slayer n.
ΚΠ
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 10v Bouicida, an ox sleer.
1957 Man 57 58/1 Women who have amassed sufficient wealth to feast their village by having an ox killed for it are given the title of ox-slayer.
ox-worship n.
ΚΠ
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. vii. 129 Others..conceive, Oxe-worship in Egypt of far greater antiquity.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XV. 512/2 Jordanus' Mirabilia..supplies excellent descriptions of..Hindu ox-worship, idol-ritual, and suttee.
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1871 R. Browning in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) XI. 209 ‘Clitumnus’ did I say? As if it had been his ox-whitening wave Whereby folk practised that grim cult of old.
d. Instrumental.† ox-fed adj. Obsolete
ox-drawn adj.
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c1820 S. Rogers Como in Italy 47 Wains oxen-drawn.
1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic (1856) I. 23 The family became..as contemptible as the ox-drawn, long-haired ‘do-nothings’ whom it had expelled.
1989 New Yorker 5 June 101/1 The hush..was followed by a great waving of scarves as an ox-drawn triumphal chariot entered.
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1803 Edinb. Rev. 2 132 [Animals] which the ox-fed rustic never molests.
1872 Old & New 6 414 You see how ox-like are the ox-fed men.
e. Similative and parasynthetic.† ox jawed adj. Obsolete rare† ox-red adj. Obsolete rare
ox-broad adj. Apparently an isolated use.
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a1953 D. Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 28 P.C. Attila Rees, ox-broad, barge-booted, stamping out of Handcuff House in a heavy beef-red huff.
ox-faced adj.
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1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 157 In my last communication, I made a few remarks on Dr. Rowley's ox-faced boy.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. VI. xxi. 4 Ox-faced Messalina, for her crimes,..had..the imperial slave Evodos put to death.
1997 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Jan. t10 Some ox-faced buffoon or hapless trollop bellows a suety ballad into camera.
ox-horned adj.
ΚΠ
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 166 Hearest thou what the ox-horned maiden saith?
2000 Forbes (Nexis) 21 Feb. 178 Don't be surprised to see tall blue-eyed Spaniards in ox-horned helmets tootling away on bagpipes.
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1602 N. Breton Wonders Worth Hearing sig. B3v Thou olde mangy, fiery faced, bottle nose, horse lipped, Oxe Iawed rascall.
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1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia 10 His slate of ox-red sandal-wood.
ox-shaped adj.
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1904 N.E.D. at Ox Ox-faced,..-shaped.
1967 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 30 523 Farēdūn says he has come ‘to smite the head of Ẓaḥḥāk with this ox-shaped mace’.
1996 D. M. Gitlitz Secrecy & Deceit xviii. 528 It was called a toura, a name..which may have referred to an ox-shaped mezuzzah.
ox-size adj.
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1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxxi. 119 The Snob,..is the Frog that tries to swell himself to ox size.
1998 India Abroad (Nexis) 27 Nov. 2 Helping Pakistan..blow itself up to ox-size by surreptitious transfers to it of nuclear weapons and missile technologies.
C2.
a. † ox-antelope n. Obsolete rare a large horned animal, perhaps the Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx. [ < ox n. + antelope n., after Hebrew rĕ'ēm wild ox (Numbers 23:22). A marginal reading in the Revised Version of the Bible (1885); the King James Bible (1611) has ‘unicorn’.] † ox-ball n. English regional (midlands) Obsolete rare a hairball found in the stomach of an ox.† ox-biter n. Obsolete (a) = oxpecker n.; (b) U.S. a cowbird (genus Molothrus).† ox-bot n. Obsolete (a) the larva of the ox-warble fly; (b) (more fully ox-botfly) the ox-warble fly (see ox-warble n. (a)).† ox-brake n. Obsolete rare an apparatus for restraining oxen while they are being shod.† ox feather n. humorous Obsolete rare = bull's feather n. at bull n.1 Compounds 3b.† ox-feller n. humorous Obsolete a butcher.Apparently an isolated use.† ox-fenced adj. Obsolete rare provided with or surrounded by an ox-fence.† ox-fish n. Obsolete a manatee (cf. cow-fish n. 1).† ox-gadfly n. Obsolete rare = ox-warble n. (a).† ox-grass n. Obsolete rare pastureland for an ox.† ox-hunger n. Obsolete rare abnormal craving for food.† ox-penny n. chiefly Scottish Obsolete = ox-money n.† ox-pith n. Obsolete rare the marrow of the bones of an ox.† ox-riem n. [ < ox n. + riem n.] South African Obsolete a narrow strip of leather passing round the horns of draught oxen to keep them together.† ox-runner n. Obsolete rare a runner used on an ox-sled.† ox-sole n. Irish English Obsolete rare a kind of flatfish, probably the megrim, Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis.† ox-stone n. Obsolete rare jade.
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1881 Bible (R.V.) Num. xxiii. 22 He hath as it were the strength of the wild-ox. [margin] Or, ox-antelope.
oxback n. the back of an ox; only in on (also by) oxback: mounted or loaded on the back of an ox or oxen.
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society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [adverb] > on an ox
on (also by) oxback1828
1828 J. Philip Res. S. Afr. II. xi. 211 Bethany..is about six days' journey in a bullock-waggon, or two to three days' on ox back.
1926 Man 36 110/1 Poles and huts are moved (originally on oxback but now on waggon or cart)..with great ease.
1985 Amer. Antiq. 50 365 We travelled by horseback, oxback, dugout, sailboat, and foot.
ΚΠ
1851 T. Sternberg Dial. & Folk-lore Northants. 77 Oxball, a round, hairy ball often found in the stomach of an ox.
ox beef n. the flesh of an ox as food.
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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun]
beefa1300
ox beef1584
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxxx. 114 Oxe biefe is better than bull biefe... Oxe biefe not exceeding the age of foure yeare is best of all.
1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xxiii. 176 The flesh of the tapira is delicate, being accounted superior to the best ox-beef.
1996 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 22 Sept. 170 The fillet of ox beef with oysters under a suet crust topped with cabernet sauce.
ox bile n. the bile of an ox; = ox-gall n.
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the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > other cleaning methods, devices, or substances > [noun] > substances
ox-gall?c1450
Spanish white1546
pipeclay1732
bottle-cleaner1788
ox bile1815
amole1831
benzol1838
benzine-collas1864
benzene1872
benzoline1874
varnish-remover1965
1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) II. i. xxiii. 331 When submitted to heat, ox-bile..deposits a portion of coagulated matter.
1915 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iii. 92 Choline was discovered by Strecker in ox-bile.
1988 Gastroenterology 95 1160/1 A trial of ox bile treatment seems justified in patients with severe steatorrhea due to bile salt deficiency.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae > genus Buphagus (ox-pecker)
rhinoceros bird1822
beefeater1836
oxpecker1837
tick-bird1850
buffalo-bird1857
ox-biter1885
tick-eater1903
cow-picker1915
1885 Harper's Mag. Feb. 420/1 The red-beaked ox-biters (Buphaga erythrorhynca), more popularly known as rhinoceros-birds.
1885 Harper's Mag. Feb. 422/1 There is in South Africa a near relative, known as the African ox-biter (Buphaga africana).
1890 Cent. Dict. Oxbiter,..2. The American cow-bird.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus bovis (ox-fly)
warbotc1440
ox-fly1601
ox-gadfly1803
warble1808
ox-warble1840
ox-botfly1841
warble-fly1877
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus bovis (ox-fly) > larva of
warnel1674
ox-bot1841
1841 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 627 The Ox-bot, Œstrus bovis,..is a cuticular insect, the eggs being deposited externally in the skin of cattle.
1862 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects Injurious to Vegetation (ed. 3) vii. 624 The maggots..of the Œstrus bovis, or ox bot-fly, live in large open boils..on the backs of cattle.
1896 J. B. Smith Econ. Entomol. ii. viii. figure facing p. 352 (caption) The ox-bot, Hypoderma lineata.
ox-boy n. rare a boy who tends oxen.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > herding of cattle > cowherd
cowherda1000
oxherd1281
geldherd1284
nowtherd1296
neatherd1301
drover1384
catcherc1400
caller?a1500
ox-boy1580
neatress1586
harrier1591
cowherdess1611
spurn-cow1614
neatherdess1648
cowgirl1753
herds-woman1818
oxman1820
ranchero1825
topsman1825
vaquero1826
herdsmaiden1829
overlander1841
cattle-herd1845
cowboy1849
buckaroo1852
stock-rider1862
pointer1869
night-herder1870
puncher1870
bull-puncher1872
outrider1872
cowpuncher1873
range man1875
cow-puncher1878
herd-boy1878
cow-girl1884
trail-herd1885
trail boss1890
nighthawk1903
point man1903
swing man1903
top hand1912
charro1926
waddy1927
cattle-puncher1928
cowpoke1928
paniolo1947
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 59v The oxboy, as ill is as hee, or worser, if worse may be found.
1991 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. l6/1 Quilter Marilyn Nelson, whose great-great-grandfather was a colony ox-boy.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1586/1 The ox-brake resembles that used for shoeing refractory horses.
ox-chip n. U.S. a piece of dried ox dung.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (piece of) dung
sharnc825
chip1744
ox-chip1857
1857 E. Bandel Frontier Life in Army (1932) 178 No timber to be seen yet, and our wood is gone. We must get along on what few buffalo or ox chips we can gather.
1857 W. Chandless Visit Salt Lake i. vii. 122 Some one pitched on an old camping-place studded with ‘ox-chips’.
1997 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 9 May w9 ‘Yes, we'll have an ox-chip throwing contest,’ she said with a laugh.
ox-coin n. Ancient Greek History = ox unit n. (b).
ΚΠ
1892 Academy 10 Sept. 220/2 These ox coins to which Pollux refers have been identified with certain silver coins with a bull's head struck in Euboea.
1995 H. J. Walker Theseus & Athens ii. 70 One might argue that the story about Theseus and the ox-coins was invented in the time of Peisistratus, but there is no evidence for this story during the sixth century.
ΚΠ
1615 J. Swetnam Arraignm. Women (1880) p. xxv She will make thee weare an Oxe feather in thy cap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > [noun] > butchery > butcher
fleshmongerc1000
butchera1325
flesh-hewer1335
flesher1369
macegreffa1450
butcher man1481
kill-crow1593
pennyman1610
bovicide1678
pork butcher1763
carcass-butcher1773
butcheress1802
ox-feller1856
butchy1867
legger1876
charcutier1894
eviscerator1961
kill-cow-
1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. vi. viii. 311 He stands aloof..when grave doctors shake hands with ox-fellers.
ox-fence n. a strong fence for confining cattle; spec. one consisting of a hedge with a strong guard-rail on one side and (usually) a ditch on the other.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > fence or barrier
ward-dyke1561
horngarth1779
ox-fence1811
ox rail1844
oxer1859
skerm1861
1811 R. Frankland in C. Ellis Leicestershire & Quorn Hunt (1951) i. iii. 27 (title of print) Charging an ox-fence.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. ii. iii. §3. 160 Horses and men make light of ox-fences, brooks, or gates in the first frenzy of their charges.
1992 W. A. Wycoff tr. P'an Ch'i-chün in Li Yu-ning Chinese Women through Chinese Eyes xx. 212 Buying suckling pigs, repairing the ox fence or pig pen, transplanting the rice seedlings, and harvesting the grain all required selecting a good day.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [adjective] > enclosed in pen, stall, etc.
enclosed1552
stalled1560
impent1633
shedded1850
ox-fenced1852
penning1854
coted1866
impounded1888
1852 Fraser's Mag. 45 539 The ox-fenced pastures of Leicestershire.
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the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]
whalec950
tumbrelc1300
sprout1340
squame1393
codmop1466
whitefish1482
lineshark?a1500
salen1508
glaucus1509
bretcock1522
warcodling1525
razor1530
bassinatc1540
goldeney1542
smy1552
maiden1555
grail1587
whiting1587
needle1589
pintle-fish1591
goldfish1598
puffin fish1598
quap1598
stork1600
black-tail1601
ellops1601
fork-fish1601
sea-grape1601
sea-lizard1601
sea-raven1601
barne1602
plosher1602
whale-mouse1607
bowman1610
catfish1620
hog1620
kettle-fish1630
sharpa1636
carda1641
housewifea1641
roucotea1641
ox-fisha1642
sea-serpent1646
croaker1651
alderling1655
butkin1655
shamefish1655
yard1655
sea-dart1664
sea-pelican1664
Negro1666
sea-parrot1666
sea-blewling1668
sea-stickling1668
skull-fish1668
whale's guide1668
sennet1671
barracuda1678
skate-bread1681
tuck-fish1681
swallowtail1683
piaba1686
pit-fish1686
sand-creeper1686
horned hog1702
soldier1704
sea-crowa1717
bran1720
grunter1726
calcops1727
bennet1731
bonefish1734
Negro fish1735
isinglass-fish1740
orb1740
gollin1747
smelt1776
night-walker1777
water monarch1785
hardhead1792
macaw-fish1792
yellowback1796
sea-raven1797
blueback1812
stumpnose1831
flat1847
butterfish1849
croppie1856
gubbahawn1857
silt1863
silt-snapper1863
mullet-head1866
sailor1883
hogback1893
skipper1898
stocker1904
a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) vi. 534/1 Upon the Coast of Brazil... The Ox-Fish,..esteem'd above all Fishes;..it eats rather like Beef than Fish.
1747 tr. C.-M. de la Condamine in Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) (1753) 47 121 The largest fresh-water fish, which the Spaniards and Portuguese have call'd the sea-cow, or ox-fish.
1874 F. Keller Amazon & Madeira Rivers iv. 81 A fresh-water cetacean [sc. the manatee], which, despite its Portuguese name of peixe-boi (ox-fish), derived from its broad snout resembling that of an ox, is no more a fish than its..cousin..the sperm-whale.
ox-fly n. = ox-warble n. (a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus bovis (ox-fly)
warbotc1440
ox-fly1601
ox-gadfly1803
warble1808
ox-warble1840
ox-botfly1841
warble-fly1877
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 391 The little grubs or worms whereof come the oxe-flies.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. vii. 151 Victory in the likeness of a gigantic ox fly, sat perched upon the cocked hat of the gallant Stuyvesant.
1984 G. Jennings Journeyer 652 We might be attacked either by enormous red ants or by darting oxflies.
ox frame n. a frame for holding oxen while they are being shod.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > equipment
salec1299
salebandc1299
shacklec1460
marking stone1534
low bell1578
baikiea1598
nose-hook1778
sjambok1790
shangy1808
cow-bell1809
ox frame1844
bullwhip1848
humbug1850
stock-whip1852
bull-whacker1858
cattle-bell1872
bull-whack1885
leading-staff1886
bullock-bell1911
bull-holder1940
1844 Knickerbocker 23 155 A little slab-roofed smithy... An ox-frame standing by the door, and at one side a shed.
2001 Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass.) (Nexis) 8 Dec. 17 The historical society hired a blacksmith to..show the town's first-graders how to..use an ox frame to shoe oxen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus bovis (ox-fly)
warbotc1440
ox-fly1601
ox-gadfly1803
warble1808
ox-warble1840
ox-botfly1841
warble-fly1877
1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. III. 394 The Ox Gad-fly is the largest of the European species.
ox-god n. any of various gods regarded as having the form of an ox.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Egyptian
ox-god1610
Hathor1786
truth1841
Horus1851
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. v. 663 All adored this Oxe-god.
1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus v. i, in Wks. (1898–1904) V. 111 None know whether those proud piles Be for their monarch, or their ox-god Apis.
1956 G. R. Driver Canaanite Myths & Legends 101 He did supply the lamb-gods with wine,..he did supply the ox-gods with wine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > cattle pasture
ox pasturea1300
fugationa1483
cow-pasture1523
ox-grass1568
cow-gang1583
cow-gate1597
dairy-groundsa1618
cattle-range1640
outlet1667
cow-down1724
tack1804
cattle-gate1808
cow's grass1824
cattle station1851
cattle-run1853
cow-lease1854
cattle ranch1857
cattle-post1865
home range1871
cow-run1887
1568 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 297 I giue vnto my seruant Willm Sparrow an oxe girse [= grass] yerelye in the Millfielde.
ox-headed adj. having the head, or a representation of the head, of an ox; (also) showing the stubbornness of an ox, stupidly obstinate.
ΚΠ
1649 Man in Moon No. 8. 67 Why how now ye pitiful wretched Ox-headed Citts, ye eternal Cow-babies, ye illiterate Jolt-heads, to be driven by half a dozen Butchers to the Exchange to make market of your Conscience.
1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 20 To sting the ghosts of Babylonian kings, And the ox-headed Io.
1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 345 These ox-headed Provincials shall know it within twenty minutes.
1997 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 6 Feb. 1 In another room, a woman is being put in a mincer and shredded by an ox-headed deity.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered nutrition > [noun] > excessive hunger
bulimiaa1398
dog's hunger1592
dogged hunger1599
dog hunger1605
canine appetite1609
dog appetite1615
doggish appetitea1620
ox-hunger1623
polyphagia1693
adephagia1753
polyphagy1802
hyperphagia1941
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 79 One, who had experience, told him, that it was a plaine Oxe-hunger, and that they would immediatly stand vp, if they had any thing to eat.
oxman n. now historical a man who tends or works oxen; a herdsman of oxen.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > herding of cattle > cowherd
cowherda1000
oxherd1281
geldherd1284
nowtherd1296
neatherd1301
drover1384
catcherc1400
caller?a1500
ox-boy1580
neatress1586
harrier1591
cowherdess1611
spurn-cow1614
neatherdess1648
cowgirl1753
herds-woman1818
oxman1820
ranchero1825
topsman1825
vaquero1826
herdsmaiden1829
overlander1841
cattle-herd1845
cowboy1849
buckaroo1852
stock-rider1862
pointer1869
night-herder1870
puncher1870
bull-puncher1872
outrider1872
cowpuncher1873
range man1875
cow-puncher1878
herd-boy1878
cow-girl1884
trail-herd1885
trail boss1890
nighthawk1903
point man1903
swing man1903
top hand1912
charro1926
waddy1927
cattle-puncher1928
cowpoke1928
paniolo1947
1820 T. Hodgskin Trav. N. Germany II. viii. 216 Shepherds..and oxen men..were called to the help of women when nature denied her more certain succour.
1831 J. Morton Gloucestershire Hill-farm 19 in Farm-rep. Three ox-men to work the oxen.
1956 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dial.: C900) (MS transcript) Track 62 [Gloucestershire] These oxmen were they especially skilled men or did they do just ordinary farmwork?
1966 L. H. Nelson Normans in S. Wales iii. 53 There exists some evidence which appears to indicate that the status of the oxmen in 1086 was indeed servile.
ox-money n. now historical a tax levied on oxen; rent paid for the pasturage of oxen.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of keeping specific animals
swannage1398
ox-pennya1400
hungil1450
warrenage1610
ox-money1616
nowt-geld1688
sheep-penny1774
1616 in Court Leet Rec. Manch. (1885) II. 333 Paide to Mr. Houlte..oxe money for his masters provision of howsehould.
1822 S. Hibbert Descr. Shetland Islands 321 All landholders..pay the ox and sheep money... The average of scat, wattle, and ox money, is said to be about 8d. sterling.
1918 Amer. Hist. Rev. 23 891 New light is thrown on..the survival of such ancient customs as ox-money.
1993 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 83 197 He..argues persuasively that the stolen ox-money which complicates the intrigue..is Plautine invention.
ox-noble n. now historical a large variety of potato used for feeding cattle.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of
baker1651
Irish potato1664
sprout1771
London lady1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
round1800
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
Murphy1811
lumper1840
blue1845
salmon1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
snowflake1882
magnum1889
ware1894
snowdrop1900
King Edward1902
Majestic1917
red1926
fingerling1930
Pentland1959
chipper1961
Maris Peer1963
Maris Piper1963
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato
potato1629
Rough Red1771
sprout1771
London lady1780
russet1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
silver-skin1797
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
lumper1840
blue1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
mangel-wurzel potato1875
snowflake1882
snowdrop1900
pomato1905
Idaho1911
Majestic1917
red1926
Pentland1959
1794 J. Holt Gen. View Agric. Lancaster 30 Ox-noble, and the cluster potatoe, are planted for the cattle.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 131 The potatoes used in feeding cattle are either the common kinds known in human food, or others raised on purpose, such as the yam and ox-noble.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Owce-nobbles, the large potatoes given to cattle.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of keeping specific animals
swannage1398
ox-pennya1400
hungil1450
warrenage1610
ox-money1616
nowt-geld1688
sheep-penny1774
a1400 in N. Neilson Customary Rents (1910) 77 (MED) Oxpeni.
1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 75 They tell us they are yet subjected to many taxes laid on them at the time of the building of this castle, as the Ox-penny, or a tax laid on every Ox.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 583 The parish also pays to Sir Thomas Dundas, the superior, for scatt, wattle, and ox-penny.
1822 S. Hibbert Descr. Shetland Islands ii. 226 Collectors still come round for the annual duties of scat, wattle, ox-penny, hawk-hens, grassum, and land-mails.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of
sueta1325
oxblood?1440
fix-faxc1460
ox-head1474
nache?1523
ox-hoof1601
ox-pith1604
flank-piece1611
ox-eye1688
web1778
razorback1844
1604 J. Marston Malcontent ii. ii. sig. C4 Distil'd Oxe-pith [cf. 1614 J. Taylor Sculler Ep. xxxii, Pith that grows i' the ox's chine].
ox rail n. a rail standing to one or other side of an ox-fence or oxer.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > fence or barrier
ward-dyke1561
horngarth1779
ox-fence1811
ox rail1844
oxer1859
skerm1861
1844 A. Smith Adventures Mr. Ledbury I. xx. 273 The embankment..beyond the ox-rails.
1889 Outing Mar. 488/2 The boldest riders..face a ragged bullfinch with a broad grip towards them, and a stiff ox-rail a yard or two on the far side.
1960 Times 22 July 8/5 Flanagan..made one error only, at a big spread with an ox rail on the far side. Bandit hit three more fences.
ox-ray n. any of various manta rays, esp. the small Indo-Pacific Mobula diabolus.
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the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Hypotremata > [noun] > family Rajidae > member of family Rajidae (ray)
reighOE
roughlOE
rayc1350
flathec1440
rayfisha1500
Raja1633
centrine1661
flair1668
sea-cow1722
ox-ray1862
sea-devil1881
rajoid1890
1862 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands I. 139 Ox Ray, Horned Ray.
1985 A. Wheeler World Encycl. Fishes 250/3 [Mobula] diabolus..pygmy devil-ray, ox-ray.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > for connecting animals
tugwithe?1523
coupling-strapa1732
incatenation1762
coupling-reins1795
ox-riem1817
trek-tow1822
butt chain1857
trek chain1878
jockey-stick1887
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > halter or bridle
haltera1000
bridleOE
brake1430
gorel1480
watering bridle1502
mollet-bridle1503
headgear1538
slipe1586
chase-halter1607
branks1657
bit-bridle1676
curb-bridle1677
chain-bridle1690
blind-halter1711
ox-riem1817
blind-bridle1833
bell-bridle1836
training halter1842
hackamore1850
Pelham bridle1875
quoiler1876
knee-halter1892
war bridle1962
side pull1965
1817 G. Barker Jrnl. 15 May in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) 594/1 Oxen rims were also cut.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Ox-reims, narrow strips of prepared hide, about 9 feet long, extensively used in the Cape colony for halters for horses, for passing round the horns, close to the head, of draught oxen, to keep them together.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > runner of
runner1747
skate1781
hob1788
ox-runner1834
bob1857
1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 1 Feb. in Winter in West (1835) I. 295 Our sleigh [was] a low clumsy pine box on a pair of ox-runners.
ox sled n. chiefly North American a sled drawn by an ox or oxen.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > drawn by oxen
ox sled1825
carro1882
1825 A. Anderson Diary 10 Sept. in G. Sellar Narr. (1916) vii. 103 Walked to Toronto... Am no judge of oxen... Besides them had to pay for logging-chain and an ox-sled.
1904 M. E. Waller Wood-carver 82 Uncle Shim is driving the ox-sled down the Pent Road.
1995 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. (Nexis) 22 Sept. 3 d We had sugar trees on the farm, and in the spring I would take the ox sled with a barrel on it, and gather up the sugar water.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Ox-sole, the whiff, a flatfish.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > jade > [noun]
nephritic stone1653
greenstone1658
jade1728
pounamua1771
jade-stone1775
nephrite1794
jadeite1868
ox-stone1877
kawa-kawa1880
mutton fat1912
spinach jade1958
1877 F. G. Lee Gloss. Liturg. & Eccl. Terms Jade, a mineral of a greenish colour; sometimes termed ‘ox-stone’.
ox unit n. Ancient Greek History (a) the value of an ox as a monetary unit; (b) a coin bearing a representation of an ox, and supposedly having this value.
ΚΠ
1887 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 8 134 A simple solution of this difficulty would be that the talent of gold represented the older ox-unit.
1892 Academy 10 Sept. 220/2 The theory of a universal ox-unit of 130 grains of gold is..difficult to reconcile with such evidence as we possess.
1925 Economica 14 220 He asks..why, in some places where the coin superseded the ox unit, only the head of the ox appeared on the coins.
1977 F. L. Pryor Origins of Econ. vi. 159 Reference is made not only to the ox units mentioned in the Homeric epics but the fact..that the Latin word for money pecunia derives from the word pecus, which means ‘cattle’.
ox-vomit n. [variant of nux vomica n.] English regional and U.S. regional (now rare) = nux vomica n. 1.
ΚΠ
1772 T. Simpson Compl. Vermin-killer 2 Mix up a little flour with honey, and a little ox-vomit till it comes to a paste.
1845 J. J. Hooper Some Adventures Capt. Simon Suggs ii. 28 I only wish 'twas full of a'snic, and ox-vomit, and blue vitrul, so as 'twould cut your interls into chitlins!
1895 Dial. Notes 1 392 Ox vomit, popular etymology for nux vomica. [West Florida.]
ox-wagon n. a wagon driven by oxen; (South African) frequently allusive as a symbol of conservative Afrikaner values and attitudes.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon (usually four-wheeled) > drawn by oxen
ox-wagon1735
ox-wain1820
bullock-wagon1863
1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 26 Apr. 5/1 A substantial Ox Waggon little the worse for use.
1857 D. E. E. Braman Information about Texas iii. 56 The ox-wagons, the ‘peculiar institution’ of this country, are hauling away cotton.
1960 C. Hooper Brief Authority 25 For most of my life I had dreaded the vacuous, depopulated, waste regions of South Africa, with their dreary little dorps, their occasional windmills, their dusty aridity, their ox-wagon mentality.
1971 Sunday Express (Johannesburg) 28 Mar. 11/1 Students to whom I spoke described the move as ‘archaic and back to the ox-wagon’.
2002 Wanderlust Feb. 90/1 The oxwagons here on Witmoskloof farm are arranged in a laager..among the thorn trees.
ox-warble n. (a) (more fully ox-warble fly) either of two flies of the family Oestridae, Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum, whose larvae live under the skin of cattle; (b) a swelling on the back of an ox caused by the larva of the ox-warble fly; the larva itself.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > tumour > cause of
ox-warble1840
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Brachycera > family Tabanidae > member of genus Tabanus (gadfly or horse-fly)
breezea800
stoutc1000
horsefly1382
gad-bee1510
gadfly1569
brimse1579
wag-leg1585
breeze-fly1587
breame1589
beast-fly1658
burrel-fly1658
whame1658
gad-breeze1665
bree1678
garabee1692
gad1830
thunderbug1837
ox-warble1840
March fly1852
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus bovis (ox-fly)
warbotc1440
ox-fly1601
ox-gadfly1803
warble1808
ox-warble1840
ox-botfly1841
warble-fly1877
1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects i. 60 Although this insect annoys the stag..as well as the ox, it has been named..the ‘ox-warble’.
1887 Daily News 3 May 3/6 Miss Ormerod has issued another warning on the subject of ox-warble, a pest that is doubly injurious, for the warble maggots..by the holes they leave in the hides, lessen the value of the latter to the tanner.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 300 The maggots of the ox warble-flies.
1983 Science 26 Aug. 825/3 In the absence of suitable experimental models for cattle-grub (ox-warble) infection, efficiency has been evaluated by treating cattle under conditions of natural exposure.
b. In names of plants.In some cases denoting a coarse or large species, or implying ‘eaten by oxen’ or ‘fit (only) for oxen’ (cf. similar usage of horse: see horse n. Compounds 2c).† ox-mushroom n. Obsolete rare a large example of the field mushroom, Agaricus campestris.
ox-balm n. U.S. the horse-balm, Collinsonia canadensis.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > stone-root
stone-root1848
knobweed1852
ox-balm1854
horse-balm1894
1854 Trans. Michigan Agric. Soc. 5 130 The plants were very numerous, among which were oxbalm..and marsh grass.
1931 W. N. Clute Common Names Plants 97 The ox-balm (Collinsonia) is merely a larger balm.
1960 Geogr. Rev. 50 9 Animals also figure prominently [in popular American plant names]:..lambkill, hog apple, ox balm.
oxberry n. English regional (a) black bryony, Tamus communis; (b) the fruit of the cuckoo pint, Arum maculatum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > bryony
neepOE
hound's-berrya1300
smear-nepa1400
white vine?a1425
psilothre?1440
black vine1552
bryony1552
tetter-berry1597
Mary's seal1600
psilothrum1601
wild vine1607
lady's seal1617
black bryony1626
Our Lady's signet1640
poison-withe1693
felon-berrya1715
cow-bind1820
bryony-vine1842
oxberry1859
wood-vine1861
mandrake1886
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun] > fruit of the wake-robin
lip-berrya1609
oxberry1859
1859 E. Capern Ballads & Songs (new ed.) 168 Rich as the cornelian, with its ruby sheen, Is the ox-berry wreath round the bramble seen.
1861 Phytologist May 159 In the counties of Worcester, Salop, and Hereford, the root of the Tamus communis is accounted as a good specific for the rheumatism, outwardly applied, and it is generally known to the natives under the name of Oxberry Root.
1882 E. L. Chamberlain Gloss. W. Worcs. Words 22 Oxberry, the berry of the Arum maculatum. The juice is used as a remedy for warts.
a1903 W. C. Boulter in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 396/2 Red oxberries, growing in wreaths in the hedges, used for chilblains.
1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 86 Oxberry, black bryony.
ox-daisy n. = ox-eye daisy n. at ox-eye n. Compounds.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > chrysanthemums
goldOE
buddle?a1350
great daisya1400
white bottlea1400
bigolda1500
maudlin-wort1552
chrysanthemum1578
ox-eyea1637
whiteweed1642
ox-eye daisy1731
moonflower1787
ox-daisy1813
ox-eyed daisy1817
pyrethrum1837
horse-gowan1842
marguerite1847
maudlin daisy1855
moon daisy1855
pompom1861
moon-penny1866
crown daisy1875
Korean chrysanthemum1877
Paris daisy1882
mum1891
Shasta daisy1901
chrysanth1920
penny-daisy1920
Korean1938
Nippon daisy1939
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Ox Daisy, in botany... Chrysanthemum.
1908 M. J. Cawein Poems IV. 29 Ox-daisies checker with pearl and gold The bushy banks of its mill-race old.
oxheal n. (also oxheel) now historical stinking hellebore, Helleborus foetidus, formerly used to treat diseases of cattle.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > hellebore > bear's foot
settergrassa1400
bear's foot1551
setterwort1551
lousewort1578
lousy grass1597
oxheal1597
helleboraster1656
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 825 The fourth kinde of Blacke Hellebor called..in English Oxeheele, or Setterwoort.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 511 Bears-foot, Setterwort, Oxheel, Stinking Hellebore.
1864 All Year Round 6 Feb. 560/2 Setterwort, or oxheel.
1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 32 By ancient prescription, the hellebores were needed for cattle... Setterwort and Oxheal were Gerard's designations for H. foetidus.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Ox-mushroom, a name sometimes given to very large specimens of the common mushroom, Agaricus campestris.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.eOE- fight up against
- firing barrel
- firing bay
- firing chamber
- firing door
- firing glass
- firing hole
- firing iron
- firing line
- firing machine
- firing mechanism
- firing off
- firing order
- firing party
- firing pin
- firing point
- firing position
- firing range
- firing squad
- firing step
- firing tool
- firing up
- firing-place
- firingplace
- firings