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单词 own
释义

ownadj.pron.

Brit. /əʊn/, U.S. /oʊn/
Forms:

α. Old English agan (rare), Old English agęn (rare), Old English agena (weak declension, masculine), Old English agene (weak declension, feminine and neuter), Old English agon (rare), Old English agyn (rare), Old English ahgen (rare), Old English (rare) Middle English (northern) aghen, Old English–early Middle English ægen, Old English–early Middle English agen, Old English–early Middle English hagen, Old English (rare)–early Middle English (Middle English northern) ahen, late Old English agien, late Old English ahhen, early Middle English achan, early Middle English achne (syncopated form), early Middle English æȝen, early Middle English agæn, early Middle English aȝein, early Middle English aȝen, early Middle English aȝhen ( Ormulum), early Middle English aȝhenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English aȝne (syncopated form), early Middle English aȝwen, early Middle English ahȝen, early Middle English ahne (syncopated form), early Middle English angenne (inflected form, transmission error), early Middle English auȝen, early Middle English eagan, early Middle English eagen, early Middle English (Middle English northern) ane, early Middle English (Middle English northern) auwen, early Middle English (Middle English northern) awen, Middle English auen (chiefly northern), Middle English aughen (chiefly northern), Middle English aughene (chiefly northern), Middle English auin (chiefly northern), Middle English aunen (probably transmission error), Middle English avne (chiefly northern), Middle English avyn (chiefly northern), Middle English awene (chiefly northern), Middle English awenn (chiefly northern), Middle English awenne (chiefly northern), Middle English awin (chiefly northern), Middle English awnn (chiefly northern), Middle English awyn (chiefly northern), Middle English awyne (chiefly northern), Middle English hawen (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s aun, Middle English–1500s aune, Middle English–1500s awn, Middle English–1500s awnne (chiefly northern), Middle English–1600s awne; English regional 1700s ane, 1700s– awn, 1800s aen (Lancashire), 1800s awne, 1800s– aan (northern), 1800s– ahn (northern), 1800s– ain (northern), 1800s– aun (northern), 1800s– auwn (Gloucestershire); Scottish pre-1700 an, pre-1700 auan, pre-1700 auen, pre-1700 auin, pre-1700 auine, pre-1700 aun, pre-1700 aune, pre-1700 auvyn, pre-1700 auwyn, pre-1700 auyn, pre-1700 auyne, pre-1700 avin, pre-1700 avine, pre-1700 avn, pre-1700 avne, pre-1700 awane, pre-1700 awen, pre-1700 awine, pre-1700 awinn, pre-1700 awne, pre-1700 awune, pre-1700 awyn, pre-1700 awyne, pre-1700 hawne, pre-1700 1700s–1800s awin, pre-1700 1700s–1800s awn, pre-1700 (1900s– rare) ane, 1700s– ain, 1800s ayn; also Irish English (northern) 1800s– ain, 1900s– ane; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English auuen.

β. early Middle English hoȝen, early Middle English ogen, early Middle English oȝer (transmission error), Middle English houen, Middle English houne, Middle English howen, Middle English howene, Middle English hown, Middle English oȝen, Middle English oȝene, Middle English oghne, Middle English onne (probably transmission error), Middle English oon, Middle English oone, Middle English oughne, Middle English ougne, Middle English ouȝne, Middle English oun, Middle English owene, Middle English owenn, Middle English owhen, Middle English ownen (probably transmission error), Middle English ownn, Middle English ownne, Middle English owun, Middle English owune, Middle English owyne, Middle English 1600s ouen, Middle English–1500s howyn, Middle English–1500s oune, Middle English–1500s owin, Middle English–1500s owyn, Middle English–1600s one, Middle English–1600s owen, Middle English–1600s owne, Middle English– own, 1500s hovnd (perhaps transmission error); English regional 1800s hone (Yorkshire), 1800s– oan (northern and midlands); U.S. regional 1800s oun, 1900s– ah'n (chiefly in African-American usage), 1900s– ownt (chiefly in African-American usage); Scottish pre-1700 one, pre-1700 ouin, pre-1700 ouine, pre-1700 oun, pre-1700 oune, pre-1700 oven, pre-1700 ovine, pre-1700 owen, pre-1700 owene, pre-1700 owin, pre-1700 owine, pre-1700 owne, pre-1700 1700s– own; N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English honne, Middle English on.

γ. early Middle English oge, early Middle English oghe, early Middle English ogie, early Middle English owere (inflected form), Middle English howe, Middle English o, Middle English oȝe, Middle English oþwe (transmission error), Middle English ouwe, Middle English–1500s owe, 1600s ow (North American).

δ. early Middle English æȝere (inflected form), early Middle English æhȝere (inflected form), early Middle English age, early Middle English aȝe, early Middle English aȝere (inflected form), early Middle English aȝre (inflected form), early Middle English ahȝere (inflected form), early Middle English awe, early Middle English awere (inflected form).

See also nown adj., nain adj.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ēgen , ēin , Old Saxon ēgan (Middle Low German ēgen ), Middle Dutch ēghin , eighen (Dutch eigen ), Old High German eigan (Middle High German eigen , German eigen : compare eigen- comb. form), Old Icelandic eiginn , Old Swedish eghin (Swedish egen ), Danish egen < an adjectival use of the past participle of the Germanic base of owe v.Compare also the nouns Old Saxon ēgan (Middle Low German ēgen , eigen ), Old High German eigan (Middle High German eigen , German Eigen ), Old Icelandic eign , Old Swedish eghn , Gothic aigin property. Old English ǣgen and āgen reflect forms respectively with and without i-mutation (compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §736(m)). In the following example the Old English form aga is probably a transmission error (for agan ) rather than an early example of a δ form:lOE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 303) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 28 Cristes aga [OE Corpus Cambr. 188 agen] bryd. In late Old English the prefixed form geāgen is also attested. In sense A. 2c after Afrikaans eie characteristic of, peculiar to, divergent from all others.
A. adj. That is possessed or owned by the person or thing indicated by the preceding noun or pronoun.
1.
a. Used after a possessive adjective, or a noun in the genitive, to emphasize possession or ownership: of or belonging to the specified person or thing; individual, peculiar.In his, her, its, their own, the function of the pronoun is usually (but not always) reflexive, often serving to distinguish which of two third-person antecedents is referred to.to do one's own thing: see thing n.1 4d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own
owneOE
owneOE
nowna1325
propera1325
nainc1480
ownty-downty1815
α.
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xii. 192 His agen sunu Alhfrið & Æðelwald his broðor sunu, se ær him riice hæfde.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxv. 15 Æghwylcum be his agenum mægene.
OE Christ & Satan 10 He selfa mæg sæ geondwlitan, grundas in geofene, godes agen bearn.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1100 He heafde on his agenre hand þæt arcebiscoprice on Cantwarbyrig.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 202 Hwæt fremæth þam men, þeah he al middæneard on his aȝene æht istreone?
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6899 He wollde ȝifenn all hiss aȝhenn sune hiss riche.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 161 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 169 (MED) We sculen alre monne lif iknauwen alse ure ahen [v.rr. oȝen, hoȝen].
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1284 (MED) Þu fallest mid þine ahene swenge.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 462 (MED) Al sal be at myn auen [a1400 Gött. aun; a1400 Fairf. awen; a1400 Trin. Cambr. owne] weild.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12371 Ye that he has wroght..efter his aun [a1400 Gött. aunen; a1400 Trin. Cambr. owne; a1400 Fairf. awen] ymage, Til him wil yee tak na knaulage.
c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 320 (MED) To þe Kynge i rede þou ffare, To wete his awenn will.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. dijv Looke if the hawke can espie it by hir awyn corage.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xi. 21 His awne Supper.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 9847 Thinke ye..this þrepe for to leue?..the laike is your avne, And the prise of the play plainly to ende.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem ii. 172 The trespassour convict, and condemned to the death, at his awin hand.
a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) II. 17 Thesse are the Lord Chancelers auen words to his Maiestie.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. ii. 5 A Man's ay crouse in his ain Cause.
1782 Young Coalman's Courtship to Creelwife's Daughter (ed. 10) in D. Graham Coll. Writings (1883) II. 61 Canna ye spin gowns in your ain house wi' me, as right as here wi' an auld girning mither?
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 94 If ye be of our ain folk, gang na up the pass the night.
1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. xvi.16 I must take the cairt back to the town, and my ain house is two miles down the loch.
1916 G. Eyre-Todd Angel of Robert Burns i. 7 It was written by his ain hand.
1975 A. Deyell My Shetland 88 We hed wir ain tressletree An' dey wirna a happier pair idda land As wis twa.
1997 K. Atkinson Human Croquet (1998) 189 How could a mother leave her own children? Her ain weans? (Mrs Baxter was bilingual.)
β. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 173 (MED) Here owen sinnes..hem..biclepieð.a1250 Ureisun ure Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 197 Ich am..ðin owune hine.?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 95 (MED) A man sal know is owinfrend.c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 51 Hys honden beþ anoynte..Þorȝ–out a crowche wyse, Tafonge Þer-inne godes oȝen flesch.a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 872 (MED) Vyrgyne Marie..bare þe beleue vp stedfastly Fro þe fryday..tyl þat he ros..for þat skylle þan þynkeþ me Þe satyrday may here oune be.c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. x. 75 (MED) Werche he wel oþer wrong, þe wyt is his owene [v.r. oune].a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) 2144 And love hyre as hys ouen lyfe.1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Cade v The shame our owne, when so we shame her.1603 H. Petowe Elizabetha quasi Viuens sig. B3v Seald by truthes one hand.1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing viii. sig. C4v Theron Print and set his and their owne name or names.1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §59. 64 We regard the Objects that environ us, in proportion as they are adapted to benefit, or injure our own Bodies.1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 3 And find no spot of all the world my own.1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. ii. 77 She determined to modulate that nature to her own views.1840 H. Cockton Life Valentine Vox xii. 95 No man was ever able to write his own life complete.1885 Law Times 80 10/1 The ripe thoughts of such a writer have a value all their own.1931 M. Allingham Police at Funeral xiv. 200 I wonder if you would tell me in your own words how you came to have such a wound?1969 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 79 220 He had his own private observatory at Dresden.1999 Guardian 29 Nov. ii. 10/5 He was thoroughly searched and questioned as if the car was not his own.γ. c1200 Incipits & Explicits in H. Wanley Catal. Librorum Septentrionalium (1705) 233 Muchel we owgie to wurðienne þisne dei þæt is Sunne icliped, for hit is Godes ogie dei.a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 235 La lief maȝie wiman forȝeten his oge cild, þat hi ne milsi hire barn of hire ogen innoð.c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 (MED) Godes oghe mudh hit seid.c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 669 (MED) Ischal me make þinowe To holden.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1378 Ȝe buþ her on þis clos at my owe ledyngge.c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 1049 (MED) Þat rach was myn owe.1586 G. Whetstone Eng. Myrror 69 He was..come thither for..his owe and the name of the Genowaines honour.1665 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 152 [Deposition, Massachusetts] Tis a sorre hors cannot carre his ow provendar.δ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 156 Þe fader heo bi-eode To his aȝre [c1300 Otho owene] unneode.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 2662 (MED) Ac to þi quen be nouȝt biknawe Þat þat child be þine awe.
b. Expressing tenderness, affection, or (formerly) respect. Also occasionally in superlative with intensive force.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [adjective]
sweeta1225
ownc1300
deara1325
littlec1405
whitec1460
bonny1540
honeya1556
nitty1598
honey-sweeta1616
old1644
dearie1691
ou1838
diddy1963
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 524 Þis is min oȝene suete Floriz.
c1390 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3117 Ryd forth, myn owene lord, brek nat oure game.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 1179 (MED) Now tell on, love, myne hown hert! yf yee eylith ouȝt.
1468 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 97 (MED) Myne oone good Jane..I recumaunde me to yow.
?c1564 J. Jefferes Bugbears i. iii. 97 O myne owne sweet hart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. i. 13 By me, thine owne true Knight. View more context for this quotation
1678 T. Duffett Psyche Debauch'd i. ii. 35 Thou art mine, and I am thine own sweet heart.
1726 J. Barker Lining of Patch-work Screen 199 Thus was I a Cast off from my own dear and only Child.
1786 T. Jefferson Let. 12 Oct. in Papers (1954) X. 447 And our own dear Monticello, where has nature spread so rich a mantle under the eye?
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. viii, in Maud & Other Poems 60 My own heart's heart and ownest own, farewell.
1893 G. Gissing Odd Women III. i. 24 My own darling, think what it would mean if our secret were discovered.
1916 P. Grainger Let. 12 Feb. in All-round Man (1994) 18 Oh, my own Mumsey It is dull lacking letters from you.
1991 J. Barnes Talking it Over ii. 26 This Fräulein had in tow none other than what turned out to be our own dear Gillian.
c. to be one's own man (also woman, person), etc.
(a) To have command or control of oneself; to be in full possession of one's senses, faculties, powers, or health.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > be sane [verb (intransitive)]
to be one's own man (also woman, person)1556
to have all one's buttons (on)1890
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 6577 (MED) If I be noght myn oghne man..I mai miselve noght recovere.
1556 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. ii. App. lviii. 197 When you were lunatike and not your owne man.
1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 79 This respondent..fell into such sorowe that he was not his owne man.
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. A2v The King never called her by any other appellation, but his sweetest and dearest Sister, and was scarce his own-man, she being absent.
1665 C. Cotton Scarronnides 82 For though full light, when her own woman, Yet in this heavy dump was no man Could raise her up.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xlix. 287 Faith, Jack, thou hadst half undone me with thy nonsense... But I think I am my own man again.
1779 F. Burney Let. 5–20 July (1994) 333 Since I writ last, I have been far from well,—but I am now my own man again—à peu pres.
1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xxxvi I ate a bit at six o'clock, and drunk a deal of small beer, and I am almost my own man again now.
1894 A. Gordon Northward Ho! 81 In any case, the crofter, in the doctor's phrase, would ‘never be his ain man again’.
1909 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Avonlea xxiv. 278 ‘You bet we have,’ piped Davy cheerfully, quite his own man again.
1996 T. Parker Violence of our Lives iv. 146 If I'd met her outside when I was my own person and not in a drug mist I'd have been very attracted to her just the same.
(b) To be independent; to take decisions for oneself; to be free from the influence or authority of other people.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > be independent [verb (intransitive)]
to have one's own rulea1393
to be one's own man (also woman, person)a1425
to be one's own master?1510
to stand on one's own bottom1564
to sit loose1591
independa1657
to paddle one's own canoe1828
to go it alone1842
to run one's own show1892
to go one's (own) gait1922
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. 750 I am myn owene womman, wel at ese.
1533 T. More Apologye f. 125 Of these sort was there one..whiche wente aboute to make a good bargayne, and was not than knowe but for his owne man and yet is now his own man agayn.
1556 in W. H. Frere Marian Reaction (1896) App. xiii. 219 The violence and compulsion done unto him..hath soo wrought in him that he could never be his owne man syns, his conscience always gryffing him.
1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. ix. 725 And being sui Iuris, her own woman, as we terme it, hauing no husband to be her head: her supreme gouernement is the lesse restrayned.
1605 J. Marston Dutch Courtezan iii. i I assure you ile nere marry... Marry God forfend..ile liue my owne woman.
1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate iii. i. 26 No, no, I'll live my own woman, I—and let the worst come to the worst, I had rather be call'd Wanton than a Fool.
1685 A. Lovell tr. R. Simon Crit. Hist. Relig. Eastern Nations xiii. 135 They are wholly their own Men, having no spiritual Exercise in Common for the service of their Neighbour.
1768 Monthly Rev. 38 399 The princess would be her own woman, and that the king neither would nor the junta should have to do with her in things of that nature.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer v. 106 So Constance Neville may marry whom she pleases, and Tony Lumpkin is his own man again.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain III. iv. 72 Pardon me for not being quite frank towards you..but I dare not; I am not now my own man.
1859 M. T. Vidal Ellen Raymond xvi. 218 I am free from all possible fetters; I am my own woman. I need not leave so much as a mourning ring to a soul!
1875 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 192/1 He would be his own man and could work his way to the highest honors of his art without calling any one master.
1919 V. E. Roe Tharon of Lost Valley iii. 54 ‘Nope,’ she finished sadly, ‘I ain't my own woman yet.’
1952 Times 1 Nov. 6/2 ‘No one has captured me. I am my own man,’ said General Eisenhower.
1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. vii. 150/1 You have to be your own person, which is sometimes a terrible responsiblity.
2003 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 11 Aug. 25 The decision—and Denise is her own woman, believe me—will be hers and hers alone.
d. Used after a possessive adjective to emphasize the identity of the subject: for or to oneself.own in the predicate sometimes has the force of self in the subject, as in ‘I am my own master’ = ‘I myself (and no other) am my master’; where ‘my own master’ is not opposed to ‘someone else's master’, but ‘I’ to ‘someone else’.
ΚΠ
1551 in P. F. Tytler Edward VI (1839) II. 44 If they would keep their own counsel, he, for his part, would never confess any thing to die for it.
a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 57 Not that I shall be mine owne officer.
1692 M. Prior Ode Imitation Horace iii. ii. 146 Virtue is her own reward.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. iv. 76 The Wine you commended so much last Night at Supper, was of her own making. View more context for this quotation
1767 T. Mawe (title) Every man his own gardener.
1800 W. Windham in Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 XI. 240 Gentlemen who in the game season..become their own butchers and poulterers.
1848 tr. W. Hoffmeister Trav. Ceylon & Continental India 349 Cherishing it into a small fire, we boiled our own chocolate, the cook being ill.
1945 A. L. Rowse West-Country Stories 37 The baronet did his own butling.
1974 G. Butler Coffin for Canary ii. 47 If we were every man his own Hitchcock, we wouldn't need to go and see the films.
2000 Ralph 7 July 23/4 We're worlds apart from them [sc. boy bands]. At least we play our own instruments.
e. Repeated for emphasis, in own own: used to indicate that something is a person's very own, and no one else's. Now chiefly Caribbean.Not a fixed collocation in non-Caribbean use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > owned
ownedOE
own own1829
1829 Berks. Chron. 9 May 4/1 My Mary is the sweetest lass... Oh were she mine—my own, own wife.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiii. 221 While mamma talks to her, come with me to my own room,—my own, own room, It's a darling room.
1958 V. Lincoln Dangerous Innocence v. i. 289 No, my own, own dear, I'll have my eyes on you, holding to you and loving you so long as the life is in your body.
1961 I. Khan Jumbie Bird x. 149 You ain't lighting lamp in your own own house..what wrong with you?
2013 A. Clarke They never told Me & Other Stories (e-book ed.) We have our own own way of speaking.
f. Caribbean. Following a noun or pronoun, in —— own: of or belonging to ——; ——'s.Used where the regular genitive (with 's) of the noun, or the possessive adjective, would be used in standard English.
ΚΠ
1918 E. C. Parsons Folk-Tales Andros Island, Bahamas xxxviii. 82 She said it was her sister own.
1975 T. Callender It so Happen 81 I hear somebody else come in the room. The woman own husband.
1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 44 Why you think I long ago sell the piece I inherit and buy another piece? Just so that my children sure to have something that nobody could say is family own.
2.
a. Without preceding possessive. Latterly usually with indefinite article, or in plural.In later use chiefly used in relation to terms of kinship, to distinguish a close blood relationship from some other kind, as an own brother = a full brother as opposed to a half-brother or brother-in-law, etc. own cousin n. a first cousin.Recent South African use may represent generalization of the spec. sense described at sense A. 2c rather than survival of this sense.oune hyne: see hoghenhine n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own
owneOE
owneOE
nowna1325
propera1325
nainc1480
ownty-downty1815
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > closely
nareOE
nighOE
neara1375
necessarya1382
germanea1449
native1488
near of kin1491
tender1508
near akinc1515
cousin1590
affine1614
own1671
tight-knit1832
eOE Metres of Boethius (partly from transcript of damaged MS) xx. 14 Þu þe unstilla agna gesceafta to ðinum willan wislice astyrest.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 180 God hi geworhte to wlitegum engla gecynde, & let hi habban angenne cyre.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 236 Þa forgeaf he adame & euan agenne cyre.
OE Lord's Prayer II 66 Þu geæþelodest þe ealle gesceafta, and..sealdest ælcege cynd [read ælcre gecynde] agene wisan.
c1290 Britton (1865) I. i. xiii. §1. 49 La premere nuyt..cum uncouth, le autre nuyt geste, et la terce nuyt oune hyne.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 109 Zuo þet he ne heþ ne oȝene wyt ne oȝene wyl.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 18708 (MED) Fra þen walde ihesus wiþ opin dede conferme his trauþ til awin sede.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Givv Alwaie owne is owne, at the recknyngs eend.
1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights 196 The owne pen of so great a lawyer.
1671 Countess of Warwick Autobiogr. (1848) 2 My lady Claytone,..grew to make so much of me as if she had been an own mother to me.
1690 S. Sewall Diary 21 Nov. (1973) I. 270 Mr. Laurence, Capt. Davis's Son-in-Law, is buried this day; so that Five own Sisters are now Widows.
1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War vi. iii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 931 This horrid action of eating an own child.
1833 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 23 Nov. 63/3 ‘That man, Sir,’ said he ‘is an own cousin to a cousin of an intimate friend.’
1895 F. W. Oliver et al. tr. A. Kerner von Marilaun Nat. Hist. Plants II. 406 We may now proceed to discuss..the prepotency of foreign pollen over own pollen..; ‘own’ pollen..is applied to such as has originated in one of the anthers of the same flower.
1909 H. Belloc Marie Antoinette i. 7 This new and strange force—an own child of the Reform.
1927 G. L. Wilson Waheenee (1981) i. 9 I do not think my mother's sisters could have been kinder to me if I had been an own daughter.
1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 139 Ct is conditional covariance between income, yt+1, from the asset and ‘own’ income, wi,t+1.
2003 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) (Electronic ed.) 16 Mar. Can you offer an own contribution of at least 10% of the financial requirements of the business?
†b. the own: its own, one's own. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 3133 (MED) Þe saule..May be pyned with fire bodily, Als it may be with þe awen body.
a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 8 (MED) How a soule schal dispose it on þe owne partie for to distroie alle wetyng & feling of þe owne being.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. a*ii The soule..hath suche abundaunce of ioye, whan it seeth the owne saluacion.
1578 Psalm lxxvii, in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 110 As water that fast rinnes ouer a lin, Dois nat returne againe to the awin place.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 71 As for Orach there is a wild kind of it, growing of the owne accord.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. i. 4) 22 If ye would pronounce it [sc. Jehovah] according to the own letters.
a1763 J. Byrom Poems (1894–5) II. xx. 366 The own Self-will must die away and shine.
1881 E. H. Hickey Sculptor 60 Home, sweet home! at last, in the own country.
c. South African. Of or relating exclusively to a particular ethnic group, esp. (from 1983–94) as represented by a specific chamber of the tricameral parliament (see tricameral adj.). Cf. own affair n. at Compounds 1.
ΚΠ
1962 A. Luthuli Let my People Go 152 It came down to the Bantustan idea—‘political rights’ in our ‘own’ area, and so on.]
1976 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 1 Aug. 15 The old apartheid policy that was re-written in 1958 by Dr Verwoerd as eie-soortige (own identity) development failed shortly after it was proclaimed.
c1979 L. M. Mangope Place for All 18 We do not regard it as unreasonable to establish an own Central or Reserve Bank, so that the repatriation of profits to countries outside the ‘Rand bloc’ is not controlled entirely by Pretoria.
1999 SAPA Newswire (Nexis) 28 July Mbeki still seemed to hope that the Afrikaners' urge to maintain an own identity would be voluntarily sacrificed in favour of assimilation.
B. pron.
1. Following a possessive.
a. That which belongs to a person; one's own possessions, kinsfolk, etc. (according to context). Now chiefly in phrases: see senses B. 2, B. 3, B. 4, B. 5, B. 6.to call (a thing) one's own: see call v. Phrases 2a. to get one's own back: see to get back 2 at get v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John i. 11 In propria uenit et sui eum non receperunt : in agan cuom & his hine ne onfeingon.
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxiv. §1. 326 Agyfe man þam agenfrigan his agen.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 261 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 175 (MED) Þo þe his aȝen [v.rr. owen, oȝen] nalde ȝeuen þer he isech þe node, ne nalde iheren godes sonde.
?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 263 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 295 Þe wrecchen..of his owen nolde ȝiuen.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 1476 (MED) Hit is skil, riȝt, and lawe, To do bi me as bi þin awe.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 21 (MED) He deþ to moche despense, oþer of his oȝen oþer of oþre manne.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8168 Sir welcum to þin aun.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) John i. 11 He cam amonge his awne and his awne receaved him not.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. sig. N.iiv Those christen countreyes..he..reckoneth for cleare conquest, and vtterlye taketh for his owne.
a1600 King & Barker 115 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 9 Tho the barker had hes howyn, theyrof he was fayne.
1661 A. Brome Songs & Other Poems sig. K5v The Devil's ever kind to his own.
1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. viii. 273 He is a Man, far from envying the Good Fortune of another; he is careful of his own.
1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly II. xi. 20 What excuse could I make to the proprietor, should he ever reappear to claim his own.
1839 J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Church (1847) ix. 92 He gave freely of his own.
1869 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 47 The cup..from which our Lord Drank at the last sad supper with his own.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native II. iv. i. 242 It is the instinct of everyone to look after their own.
1928 E. Wallace Flying Squad xvi. 144 The poor souls who found themselves robbed and attempted to recover their own.
1993 A. Higgins Lions of Grunewald xxviii. 179 That's the lad. The Quare Fellow himself, Ireland's own.
2000 U. Izundu in C. Newland & K. Sesay IC3 373 We believe in marrying amongst our own, and Ibos who don't, we look down on them.
b. One's beloved, one's darling. Cf. sense A. 1b. Now archaic and regional.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. iii. 124 Tell me (mine owne) Where hast thou bin preseru'd? View more context for this quotation
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xv. 331 Thank God! thank God! Violet, my own, my beloved, say you are better!
1850 G. W. Lovell Wife's Secret i. ii. 16 Lady E. Oh, Walter! Sir Wal. My own, my precious one!
1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon iv. 96 Oh, frabjous day! I am coming, my own, my sweep.
1999 A. O'Hagan Our Fathers (2000) ii. 70 ‘Jamie, my own,’ she said. ‘My plenty, you came right away.’
2. to hold (also †maintain) one's own: to maintain one's position against opposition or attack; not to lose strength or suffer defeat.
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3642 (MED) His men miȝt nouȝt meyntene here owne.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. FFviiiv Be neuer ouercome in any mater, but holde thyne owne.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 482 There is not a better Reed growing for to make shafts,..it will hold the owne and stand in the weather.
1751 D. Garrick Let. July (1963) I. 169 I flatter'd ye Aunt much upon her holding her own, as they say in ye Country.
1846 A. Young Naut. Dict. 151 A vessel is said to ‘hold her own’ when she makes no progress, but yet does not lose ground.
1885 T. Mozley Reminisc. I. xii. 63 The new spelling now holds its own and wonts no changing.
1952 M. Kennedy Troy Chimneys 56 A young man so gifted may hold his own very well, even though he is poor and of no family.
1993 H. Gardner Creating Minds ix. 316 He..had managed to break bread and hold his own in conversation with individuals from diverse lands and backgrounds.
3. of one's (or a person's) own: that is one's (or a person's) own; belonging to oneself (alone); peculiar to oneself. Formerly also †of the own. See of prep. 32.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > belonging to one [phrase] > that is one's own
of one's (or a person's) ownc1390
c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2797 Whan they han namoore propre of hir owene, they shapen hem to take the goodes of another man.
1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 54 Some haven Shippes of here owne, and some medle hem of freight of Shippes.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxiii. 86 With alle his habilimentes and other thinges, his of owne.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. l If she haue no wole of her owne: she may take wole to spynne of clothe makers.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 84 The Scots..had no money of their awne.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 138 Every kingdome..had a speciall name of the owne by it selfe.
1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 609 Both these kinds of vessels seem to have a peristaltick contraction of their own.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 102 Two Swords of the Captain's own.
1778 J. Beattie Lett. to Rev. Hugh Blair 19 The compiler..will interweave lines or phrases of his own.
1800 H. Wells Constantia Neville I. 302 A cousin of her own.
1855 Littell's Living Age 1 Sept. 575/1 I feel as if I had something of my very own now. He is bequeathed to me.
1883 Cent. Mag. Sept. 683/2 The cow-bird makes room for her own illegitimate egg in the nest by removing one of the bird's own.
1934 J. M. Caie Kindly North 11 An I'd likit weel a placie o' min' ain.
1984 J. Rosso & S. Lukins Silver Palate Good Times Cookbk. (1985) iii. i. 220/2 We often borrow just the idea rather than the dishes, and instead serve lots of odds and ends of our own.
2003 C. Mendelson Daughters of Jerusalem 283 I don't want a shitty little flat with you. I want a shitty little flat of my own.
4. on one's own.
†a. In to live on (also upon) one's own: to live on one's own resources. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1404 Rolls of Parl. III. 549/1 The Comunes desiren that the Kyng shulde leve upon his owne.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 215 (MED) He taxed not his commons..But lyued on his owne..Vpon his rentes and landes morallye.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xviii Thou wert taken..like a coward, and scapedst like a Colliar, wherefore get thee home and liue vpon thine owne.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 98 He discover'd many times his inclination of going over to Virginia to live upon his own.
b. On one's own initiative, account, etc.; (now usually) alone, unaccompanied; by oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adverb] > acting alone
apartc1400
merelyc1487
singly1609
unto oneself1643
on one's own hook1812
single-handedly1882
on one's own1895
single-o1948
1895 Westm. Gaz. 4 Dec. 3/3 One can greet the play ‘on its own’, to borrow a popular phrase.
1897 Daily Mail 25 Sept. 2/6 I came to Europe on my own, and I only got about £400 from Mr. Hoffmeyer.
1900 Law Notes Dec. 355/2 The Times..appear to have inserted the notice on their own.
1917 A. G. Empey Over Top 302 An officer generally puts Tommy ‘on his own’ when he gets Tommy into a dangerous position and sees no way to extricate him.
1935 G. Heyer Death in Stocks v. 63 Tony seemed to have waltzed off for the night, so I wandered out on my own.
1957 J. Osborne Look Back in Anger i. i. 27 I don't think I'd have the courage to live on my own again.
1972 P. Cleife Slick & Dead xxx. 250 I had to find a tough hombre with enough guts and initiative to act on his own.
1980 S. Hazzard Transit of Venus i. v. 43 There was also an ancient train as far as Penrith, but after that you were on your own.
2001 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 22 June 22 If you can make it on your own, you can stay.
†5. to give (a person) his (also her, etc.) own: to give a person what he or she deserves; esp. to inflict retribution. to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own: to tell a person the plain truth; to give a deserved or honest reproof to. Obsolete.to get one's own back: see to get back 2 at get v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]
threac897
threapc897
begripea1000
threata1000
castea1200
chaste?c1225
takec1275
blame1297
chastya1300
sniba1300
withnima1315
undernima1325
rebukec1330
snuba1340
withtakea1340
reprovec1350
chastisea1375
arate1377
challenge1377
undertake1377
reprehenda1382
repreync1390
runta1398
snapea1400
underfoc1400
to call to account1434
to put downc1440
snebc1440
uptakec1440
correptc1449
reformc1450
reprise?c1450
to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450
control1451
redarguec1475
berisp1481
to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522
checkc1530
admonish1541
nip1548
twig?1550
impreve1552
lesson1555
to take down1562
to haul (a person) over the coals1565
increpate1570
touch1570
school1573
to gather up1577
task1580
redarguate?1590
expostulate1592
tutor1599
sauce1601
snip1601
sneap1611
to take in tax1635
to sharp up1647
round1653
threapen1671
reprimand1681
to take to task1682
document1690
chapter1693
repulse1746
twink1747
to speak to ——1753
haul1795
to pull up1799
carpet1840
rig1841
to talk to1860
to take (a person) to the woodshed1882
rawhide1895
to tell off1897
to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900
to get on ——1904
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
strafe1915
tick1915
woodshed1935
to slap (a person) down1938
sort1941
bind1942
bottle1946
mat1948
ream1950
zap1961
elder1967
1450 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 103 The said Maister seith he wolle telle the Pryour hys oune when he spekyth wyth hym.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria vi. f. 61 I shall tell hym his owne, in a lytell byll of myne owne hande.
1593 A. Willet Tetrastylon Papisticum i. 2 To speake home vnto them and to tel them their owne, not reuiling but reproouing.
1624 ‘L. D.’ Def. Appendix Ep. Ded. 5 I haue told you your owne, but sparingly; and if you knew my hart, you would see, and confesse that I had done it friendly.
1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 17 He gave them a round rattle, and spared none of his course Eloquence to tell them their own.
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 1 (1754) 2 The famous saturnalian feasts..when every scullion and skipkennel had liberty to tell his master his own, as the British mobility emphatically stile it.
1780 C. Dibdin Wives Revenged i. ii. 12 The Traitor! But I'll give him his own.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iv. vii. 257 Your ancestors..little thought..that such an historian as I should ever arise, and give them their own, with interest.
1861 M. A. Sadlier Bessy Conway xiv. 193 She looked at Ally, as much as to say: ‘Will I tell him his own or not’ but Ally made a gesture enjoining silence.
1865 R. Hunt Pop. Romances W. Eng. 2nd Ser. 182 Every one is humorously ‘told their own’, without offence being taken.
6. to come into one's own: to receive what is due to one; to come into one's inheritance. Also figurative: to achieve due recognition, be properly esteemed; to fulfil one's potential.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > entering on possession > enter upon possession [verb (intransitive)]
enter1392
to come into one's own1861
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth IV. xxiv. 262 She is not so poor now as she was; and never fell riches to a better hand; and she is only come into her own for that matter.
1884 Sir W. Besant Dorothy Forster I. vi. 144 Six years had passed since he came into his own, which was now, alas! to be taken from him.
1912 T. Dreiser Financier vii. 71 The ready-made shoe—machine-made to a certain extent—was just coming into its own.
1936 Discovery July 222 Electrical instruments will not come into their own until a large repertory of music has been composed specially for them.
1988 A. Desai Baumgartner's Bombay iv. 115 With it went an authoritarianism that really came into its own, really triumphed.

Compounds

C1. With nouns.
own-account adj. engaged in work done on one's own account; relating to or designating such work.
ΚΠ
1911 N. Munro Erchie & Census in Glasgow News 3 Apr. 2/3 ‘Personal occupation’—coalman, own account.
1939 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 34 12 The wage-earners curve had siphoned a great ‘hump’ out of the curve of workers-on-own-account.]
1941 Population Index 7 25/1 Wage and salary workers, own-account workers, employees, and unpaid family workers.
1986 Truck July 74/1 They're suitable for haulage, own-account or trailers-to-ports work.
own affair n. South African (historical in later use) (a) (usually in plural) a matter relating to a particular ethnic group, and hence to this group's representative chamber in the tricameral parliament (see sense A. 2c); (b) (in plural) the system under which each chamber of the tricameral parliament was given control of such matters (as laid out in the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, No. 110 of 1983).
ΚΠ
1982 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 4: Middle East & Afr. (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 17 Dec. ME/7211/B/7 Shaped by the realities of South Africa's multi-ethnic and plural situation, the new mould offers both protection for community control over own affairs, and a means for achieving consensus in matters of common concern.
1983 Daily Disp. (East London, S. Afr.) 6 May 8 The appointment of marriage officers for a specific population group is an own affair of that group.
2000 R. B. Beck Hist. S. Afr. ix. 169 Areas not covered under ‘own affairs’ or matters affecting the nation at large, such as foreign affairs, taxation, industry, and defense, were ‘general’ affairs to be acted on by a multiracial cabinet drawn from all three Houses.
own categories adj. Psychology (attributive) designating a psychological test or technique in which the subject is asked to classify controversial statements by selecting suitable categories in which to place them, thereby providing evidence of his or her own emotional involvement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > testing of personality > [adjective] > testing categories
own categories1965
1953 M. Sherif & C. I. Hovland in Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. 48 135/2 Ultimately it may provide a means of utilizing the individual's own categorization of statements as a behavioral index of his stand on an issue.]
1965 C. W. Sherif Attitude & Attitude Change iv. 125 The potential usefulness of the own-categories procedure in the investigation of cultural differences.
1989 Jrnl. Social Behavior & Personality 4 446 Marketers have expressed considerable interest in adapting the ‘own categories’ method to consumer behavior applications.
own-form adj. Botany involving or designating pollen that is used to fertilize the plant from which it came.
ΚΠ
1864 C. Darwin in Jrnl. Proc. Linn. Soc.: Bot. 7 72 I fertilized homomorphically nearly a hundred flowers with their own-form pollen.
1977 Evolution 31 48/2 Fewer pollen tubes grew to the base of the style following own-form and self-pollination.
1997 Biotropica 29 301/1 The emasculation procedure did not result in contamination with own-form pollen.
own-label adj. and n. = own brand n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [adjective] > own brand or label
home brand1901
private-label1923
own-label1961
own brand1962
1961 Economist 11 Mar. 983/2 In the grocery and provisions trade, the larger multiples were almost all engaged in some food manufacture between the wars, supplemented by agreements for ‘own-label’ products from other manufacturers.
1990 Times 8 Mar. (Appointments section) a (advt.) The products are chilled and frozen ready meals, primarily own-label, for the major high street retailers.
2000 R. W. Holder Taunton Cider & Langdons xiii. 64 Under an own-label deal the manufacturer retains no goodwill in the brand.
own-root adj. (of a rose, fruit tree, etc.) growing from its own root, rather than grafted or budded (see on its (also their) own roots at root n.1 Phrases 3).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > root > plant defined by roots > [adjective] > having or not having roots
rootlessa1413
rooty?c1475
well-rooted1577
rooted1712
rooting1731
radicant1753
rhizomatous1812
own-root1881
rhizogenetic1884
rhizogenic1884
1881 Gardeners' Chron. 16 851 When Roses are properly budded and properly planted they strike out from the point of union, and become own-root Roses.
1995 Canad. Gardening Oct. 60/2 (advt.) Hardy, own root roses.
† own-will n. [originally after post-classical Latin propria voluntas (Vulgate)] Obsolete = self-will n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > wilfulness
willOE
wilfulnessc1200
wilfulshipc1200
own-willa1225
wilsomenessa1382
wilfulheadc1385
headiness1447
self-willa1450
self-willednessc1450
willerdoma1475
wilfulheadness1485
self-wilfulness1511
sensuality1536
headstrongness1598
self-williness1611
prodigity1623
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 13 Of aȝen-wille. Ðurh ðessere senne ic..fel in to an oðer senne, ðe is icleped propria voluntas, þat is, auȝen-wille.
1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem 68 Thus hee fell to transgresse through his wicked owne-will.
1893 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 297 For the crucifying and dying out of every vestige of own-will.
C2. With participles, forming adjectives.
own-born adj. now rare born to oneself; native, indigenous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective]
inbornc1000
theodiscc1000
i-cundeOE
landisha1300
kindc1325
denizen1483
kindly born1483
native1488
naturally born1523
naturala1533
home-bred?1560
natural1574
home-born1577
homeling1577
natural-born1583
land-born1589
self-bred1590
self-born1597
indigene1598
land-breda1599
vernaculous1606
kindly1609
inbred1625
terrigenist1631
native-born1645
indigenous1646
indigenary1651
indigenital1656
aboriginal1698
own-born1699
indigenal1725
homegrown1737
terrigenous1769
indigenate1775
1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle i. 9 I was kinder to him than I would have been to my own born Brother.
1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. i. 13 Every..hamlet had its own-born patron saint.
1917 G. K. Chesterton Utopia of Usurers 140 You and I do not talk of meeting our own born brother ‘at a family function’ as if he were some infinitely distant cousin whom we only met at Christmas.
1999 Africa News (Nexis) 29 Jan. He was a man of principle, one of our own born Zimbabwean journalists who had been reporting the conduct of the Rhodesian army in the liberation war.
own-grown adj. that one has grown or produced oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [adjective] > kept for breeding > grown by oneself
own-grown1605
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [adjective] > wool grown by oneself
own-grown1605
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 112 He is warme-wrapped in his owne-growne Wooll.
1925 A. Quiller-Couch Charles Dickens 214 The old man of Corycus tilling his scanty acres..who..brought home his own-grown vegetables at night.
1981 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 96 461 The peasant typically lives on his own-grown food.
† own-invented adj. Obsolete invented by oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > [adjective] > invented, devised > by oneself
own-invented1642
1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 242 His owne-invented signe of washing by water of Baptisme.
1760 W. Law Of Justif. by Faith & Wks. in Wks. (1762) 218 His dividing them [sc. faith and works] asunder from one another, and ascribing his own invented partlys and partlys, first to one, and then to the other.
† own-looking adj. Obsolete that resembles oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > like oneself
self-like1556
self-like1608
own-looking1814
1814 J. Galt tr. C. Goldoni Love, Honor, & Interest iii. iii, in New Brit. Theatre III. 283 Your own looking child—The very mind and picture of yourself.
† own-named adj. Obsolete bearing one's own name; named after oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > [adjective] > named or called > with other specific kind of name
own-named1612
new-named1622
surnamed1659
nominate1818
numerical1872
epitheted1880
branded1897
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 25 By this, her owne nam'd town the wand'ring Froom had past.
own-rooted adj. = own-root adj. at Compounds 1 (in quot. 1915 figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] > originated by or originating in itself
self-given1616
self-originated1653
self-original1668
self-originate1673
self-originatinga1693
self-origineda1711
own-rooted1915
1915 M. E. King Gothic Ruin & Reconstr. 12 Let the renascent art blunder at first, as it must if it be own-rooted and not parasitic.
1964 Bot. Gaz. 125 66/2 Three different own-rooted clones were used as experimental plants.
2003 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 12 Feb. 30 85 per cent of Australian vineyards were planted on own-rooted Vitis vinifera, making them highly susceptible to phylloxera.
C3. Parasynthetic.
† own-litter-loving adj. Obsolete (perhaps) that has strong feelings of affection for its own progeny.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1647 H. More Philos. Poems 11 Th' own-litter-loving Ape, the Worm, and Snail.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ownv.

Brit. /əʊn/, U.S. /oʊn/
Forms:

α. Old English ægnian (rare), Old English agenian (rare), Old English agnage (Northumbrian), Old English agnege (Northumbrian), Old English agnian, Old English agniga (Northumbrian), Old English ahnian, early Middle English æȝenede (past tense), early Middle English ahnenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ahnie; English regional 1800s– aan (northern), 1800s– awn, 1800s– awnd (Yorkshire); Scottish 1700s– awn, 1800s ain.

β. early Middle English hoþȝenede (past tense), early Middle English hoþnode (past tense), early Middle English ohni, 1500s–1600s owne, 1500s– own; English regional 1800s– oan (northern); Scottish pre-1700 oueind (past tense), pre-1700 ouen, pre-1700 oune, pre-1700 owen, pre-1700 owne, pre-1700 1700s– own, pre-1700 1800s oun.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: In early use, cognate with Middle Low German ēgenen , Old High German eigenen (Middle High German eigenen , German eignen ), Middle Dutch eigenen , Old Icelandic eigna , Swedish ägna , Danish egne (now only in sense ‘to be suitable’) < the Germanic base of own adj. In later use (from the 16th cent.), probably < own adj., after owner n. and owning n.; compare owe v., which by this date was coming to be less usual in the sense ‘to possess’.The word is not attested in later Middle English, suggesting strongly that use from the 16th cent. onwards is independent of earlier use (except via the derivatives owner n., which is well attested in later Middle English, and owning n., which is sparingly attested in this period). As a stative verb, expressing relation, it is not found in the progressive aspect. In Old English the prefixed form geāgnian (see i-ahnie v.) is also attested. Compare Gothic gaaiginon. The early Middle English forms hoþȝenede, hoþnode show substitution or close resemblance of þ for the letter form ƿ, or use of þ for ȝ or h.
1.
a. transitive. To have or hold as one's own; to have belonging to one, be the proprietor of, possess.Now the principal current sense.
ΘΠ
the mind > possession > owning > own [verb (transitive)]
ownOE
oweOE
i-ahniec1000
ought1442
belong1921
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xii. 33 Uendite quae possidetis et date elemosynam : bebycgeð ðaðe gie agnegað uel agon & seallas ælmisse.
OE Riddle 93 (1936) 16 Ic on fusum rad oþþæt him þone gleawstol gingra broþor min agnade ond mec of earde adraf.
1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvii. 165 My hap was harder than to owne in that distresse a Crust.
1595 E. C. Emaricdulfe v The quired Muses on her lips doe storie Their heauen sweet notes, as if that place they owned.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. ix. 3 Not Affricke ownes a Serpent I abhorre More then thy Fame and Enuy. View more context for this quotation
1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 85 A costly work, which none could doe but he, Who own'd the treasures of proud Babylon, And those which seem'd with Sardanapal's gone.
1662 S. Pepys Diary 20 May (1970) III. 86 It is not so well done as when Roxalana was there—who, it is said, is now owned by my Lord of Oxford.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 397 There..is the Gentleman that owns the Plantation.
1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 579 The estate his sires had owned in ancient years.
1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia ii. ii. 185 Gardens owned by the wealthier residents of the city.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxx. 331 Dearly am I beginning to pay for the honour of owning a pretty face.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 84/4 There came to my mind..a small flat iron I had owned as a child.
1992 Disability Now May 10/1 She was severely disabled in a car crash..and owns an adapted bungalow in Maidenhead.
b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To have control over or direction of (a person or thing).In Old English attested only in quot. OE; some editors have regarded ægnian in this quot. as a different word or as requiring emendation (see Dict. Old Eng. at āgnian for a summary of other suggestions).
Π
OE Exodus 265 Þæt hie lifigende leng ne moton ægnian mid yrmðum Israhela cyn.
1890 Spectator 19 July 77/2 Their [sc. U.S. millionaires'] practice of ‘owning’, that is, controlling, both the professional politicians and the press.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Oct. 15/8 Charley Chaney, who has been going great guns outoftown, now is ‘owned’ by George Shappard.
1979 Lore & Lang. Jan. 8 I was told that since he ‘decides’ or ‘owns the game’ this endows him with the sole power to ‘make all the suggestions, choose who can play and chuck people out if they don't behave themselves’.
1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic i. 28 The USA ‘owns’ the history of the Vietnamese war despite losing the conflict itself.
†c. transitive. To have as one's function or responsibility. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)]
owna1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 143 I wish..that you might euer do Nothing but that: moue still, still so: And owne no other Function. View more context for this quotation
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 Of these the Chief the Care of Nations own, And guard with Arms Divine the British Throne.
d. transitive. Originally U.S. To be or feel responsible for considering or solving (a problem, issue, task, etc.). Cf. ownership n. 2.
ΚΠ
1970 T. Gordon P.E.T. Parent Effectiveness Training vi. 116 When a child's behavior is unacceptable to a parent because in some tangible way it interferes with the parent's enjoyment of life or his right to satisfy his own needs, the parent clearly ‘owns’ the problem.
1982 N.Y. Times 5 Dec. xxiii. 2/4 The company people own the problem, and some of them would be in a position to shoot down our solutions later if they were not included.
1991 Bellcore News 9 Oct. 4/1 Heilmeier set the tone of the workshop by calling on us to own the problem and not toss it over the fence to another organization.
2000 M. G. Pratt & J. E. Dutton in N. M. Ashkanasy et al. Emotions in Workplace 114 Whereas some informants took limited ownership of the issue, other staff members could be described as not owning the issue at all.
†2. transitive. To make (a thing) one's own; to gain possession or control of; to appropriate, seize, win; to adopt as one's own. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate
ownOE
rimec1275
takec1300
appropre1366
to keep, take to or for one's own storec1385
to get awayc1480
proper1496
apprehenda1522
impropry1526
impropriate1567
carve1578
forestall1581
appropriate1583
propriate1587
pocket1597
impatronize1611
propertya1616
asself1632
appropriatea1634
swallow1637
to swallow up1654
sink1699
poucha1774
spheterize1779
sack1807
fob1818
to look back to1822
mop1861
annex1865
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. v. 4 Beati mites quoniam ipsi posidebunt terram : eadge biðon ða milde forðon ða agnegað [OE Rushw. gesittað, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. agun] eorðo.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) xiv. 30 Hu miht þu þon þe agnian heora god?
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5649 Þiss sellþe all heffnessærdess land. Þe winnenn shall & ahnenn.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 2041 Al Logres þat lond, he æȝenede [c1300 Otho hoþnode] to his æȝere hond.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 12519 Ich hahte ohni [c1275 Calig. to biȝeten] Rome.
3.
a. transitive. To claim as being one's own; to lay claim to. In early use (Anglo-Saxon Law): to declare (a thing) one's own property. Now rare (Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > claim for oneself
ownOE
vendicate1531
brand1596
vindicate1725
bag1914
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxiv. §2. 326 Gyf he gewitnesse hæbbe..þonne tyme hit man þriwa; æt þam feorðan cyrre agnige hit oððe agyfe þam þe hit age.
lOE Laws: Dunsæte (Corpus Cambr.) viii. §3. 378 Gif hit man begeondan str[e]ame agnian wylle, ðone sceal þæt beon mid ordale.
lOE Laws of Edward the Elder (Rochester) i. i. §5. 140 Gif enig yfelra manna wære ðe wolde oðres yrfe to borge settan for wiðertihtlan, ðæt he gecyþe ðonne mid aðe, ðæt he hit for nanum facne ne dyde, ac mid fulryhte butan brede & bigswice; & se dyde þonne swa ðer he dorste, ðe hit man ætfenge: swa he hit agnode swa he hit tymde.
a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) i. 2 There's nothing modern times can own, The which precedent Ages have not known.
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 5 I move to choose your clerk. The person in place may be deserving,..but own your privilege in choosing.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 555. ⁋3 I might have owned these several Papers with the free Consent of these Gentlemen.
1815 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 51/2 Both bodies..were carried to the bone-house to be owned.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 95 Baith own'd the hive, tho' it was thought To neither to belang.
1896 J. K. Snowden Web of Old Weaver xi. 136 Is there one to be owned?
b. transitive. To call (a person or thing) one's own; to acknowledge as belonging to oneself, esp. in respect of kinship or authorship.
ΘΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (intransitive)] > acknowledge as one's own
owec1300
owna1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 278 Two of these Fellowes, you Must know, and owne, this Thing of darkenesse, I Acknowledge mine. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. ii. 87 Thy Brat hath been cast out..No Father owning it. View more context for this quotation
1632 H. Reynolds Mythomystes 36 I am fully of opinion (which till I find reason to recant, I will not bee ashamed to owne) that [etc.].
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 642 He hath also published little trivial things..which he will not own.
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 9 Vice is undone, if she forgets her Birth..'tis the Fall degrades her to a Whore; Let Greatness own her, and she's mean no more.
1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 249/1 At last, the bishops were called to appear before the privy-council. They were asked, ‘If they owned their petition?’
1837 N. H. Bannister England's Iron Days ii. i. 16 There stands the palace, near which, my brother dwells. Shall I see him? Will he own me?
1856 M. J. Holmes Homestead 260 Is what you have told us true? and does Mr. Herndon own his daughter?
1985 M. Larson Pawns & Symbols viii. 154 The child is kin-reft, Commander. No Theld will own her.
1992 T. Enright tr. S. O'Crohan Day in our Life (1993) 65 The baby is a couple of months old, with Máire trying to get the father to own the child.
c. transitive. To acknowledge as an acquaintance; to recognize as familiar. Now Irish English, Scottish, and English regional (northern).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > make friends with [verb (transitive)] > make acquaintance > acknowledge or recognize as acquaintance
owna1627
a1627 J. Beaumont Bosworth-field (1629) 151 They [sc. his Parents] in this glasse their seu'rall beauties place, And owne themselues in his delightfull face.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. ix. 192 Our eares and eyes quickly own those objects far off, with which formerly they have been familiarly acquainted.
1662 S. Pepys Diary 27 Apr. (1970) III. 71 I..met my Lord Chamberlaine..who owned and spoke to me.
1773 S. Johnson Let. 21 Sept. (1992) II. 72 I was owned at table by one who had seen me at a Philosophical Lecture.
1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 20 Awn, to own or acknowledge, as a friend or acquaintance, that is; to visit.
1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 79 I'm herty, hale an' ruddy,..Own'd at market, mill, an' smiddy.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 205/1 Own,..to recognise, acknowledge aquaintance. He didn't own me.
1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 116/2 Nay, tha's grown! Ah wadn't own'd ye if ye hedn't spokken.
†d. transitive. To attribute (a thing) to some source. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]
titleOE
aretc1340
witena1375
witnea1375
reta1382
depute1382
wite1382
seta1387
layc1425
expoundc1430
imputec1480
attribue1481
assign1489
reckon1526
attribute1530
count1535
allot?1556
draw1578
object1613
prefer1628
entitle1629
implya1641
to score (something) on1645
intitule1651
put1722
to put down1723
charge1737
own1740
place1802
to set down1822
affiliate1823
1740 tr. C. de F. de Mouhy Fortunate Country Maid I. 49 I found no Difficulty in owning to them the Occasion of this dangerous Illness.
4.
†a. transitive. To acknowledge as due; = owe v. 3a. With unto or indirect object. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > acknowledge as due or valid
beknowc1315
recognize1537
recognoscea1550
own1553
acknowledge1611
recognizance1657
1553 R. Horne tr. J. Calvin Certaine Homilies i. sig. Dijv To do all thing other wise then he [God] will, and cleane to be void of the studye and dutye which we owne vnto him.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xliij He must take his othe to owne him his faith and obeidience.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. vi I said enough to make any Person of common Justice and Ingenuity have own'd me thanks for preventing him from doing a very ill Action.
†b. transitive. To acknowledge as due to oneself; to accept as deserved or merited. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > hold as due to oneself
own1646
1646 H. Hammond View Exceptions to Visct. Falkland's Disc. Infallibilitie 108 Guilt enough to owne that severity.
c. transitive. To acknowledge as having supremacy, authority, or power over oneself; to recognize or profess obedience to (a greater power, a superior, etc.). In later use only with abstract objects, esp. in to own (a person's) sway. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)] > acknowledge superiority or supremacy of
yield1604
own1653
to give (a person or thing) best1851
to hand it to1901
1653 Humble Remonstr. Gen. Councel Dalkeith 6 And herein we shal.., with our Hearts and Hands, and all our might, be ready to joyn with you, and to own you in the further prosecution of this great Work.
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur i. 2 The Prince of Darkness owns the Conquerour, And yields his Empire to a mightier Pow'r.
c1709 M. Prior 1st Hymn Callimachus 99 Man owns the power of kings; and kings of Jove.
1814 P. B. Shelley Summer-evening Churchyard ii Silence and twilight..breathe their spells..Light, sound, and motion own the potent sway.
1856 Littell's Living Age 12 July 125/1 That magnificent island..which still owns the dominion of the Spanish flag.
1870 J. Ellerton Evening in Church Hymns (1871) 29 Till all Thy creatures own Thy sway.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §3. 23 Wessex owned his overlordship as it had owned that of Oswald.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xv We quail under his [sc. the chief's] glance, and are at the same time proud of owning so dangerous a lord.
1926 A. B. Simpson Challenge of Missions iv Earth's generations for a thousand years in millions and billions shall own His sway and crown Him Lord of all.
1939 H. D. F. Kitto Greek Trag. xiii. 379 The old men are to own his sway, as Pentheus himself will do, so much more terribly, in his last scene.
5.
a. To acknowledge (a person or thing) as affecting oneself; (more generally) to acknowledge (a thing) to be as claimed, or to be a fact; to confess to be valid, true, or actual; to admit.
(a) transitive. With simple object.
ΘΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)] > acknowledge (a thing) as one's own
avouch1597
owna1620
a1620 T. Campion Wks. (1967) 480 Could my poore hart whole worlds of toungs employ, The greifes it ownes that number would out goe.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 12 Which Aristotle hath borrow'd from him, not owning the Author.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 27 Oct. (1972) VII. 343 How high the Catholiques are everywhere and bold in the owning their religion.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4795/4 Stoln or strayed,..a..Mare,..lately paced, but does not freely own it.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. xi. 283 Her Age was about thirty, for she owned six and twenty. View more context for this quotation
1769 F. Brooke Hist. Emily Montague II. cxvi. 209 I have at once refused to marry Colonel Rivers, and owned to him all the tenderness of my soul.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. viii. 134 Nature..no distinction owns 'Twixt one or other household.
1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. viii. 114 The world has never cared to own its need of the Son of man.
1902 W. D. Howells Kentons iii. 26 ‘He doesn't say so, even now.’ ‘No, he doesn't.’ It hurt her mother to own the fact that alone gave her hope.
1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. viii. 70 A man afraid to own his own feelings, who could not say, This is what I like.
a1983 ‘R. West’ This Real Night (1984) i. iii. 97 Gipsies do steal... Uncle Len owned it. They steal.
(b) transitive. With object and complement. In later use chiefly reflexive.
Π
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xix. 204 For what thou professest, a Baboone could he speak, would owne a name too deere, that the gods wold safely deliuer me from this place.
1620 I. C. Two Merry Milke-maids i. iii If the Emperor himselfe were here, He now wud owne me for his Kinswoman.
1665 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 90 The Servants of Christ are here owned to be the foundations of this Wall.
1709 Tatler No. 63. ⁋5 There are few, very few, that will own themselves in a Mistake.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. iv. 114 I readily own myself at a loss.
1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 256 To the labours of Lindley Murray the rising generation will own itself highly indebted.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island ii. xii. 99 You were right, and I was wrong. I own myself an ass, and I await your orders.
1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism iv. 201 He is a natural republican, for there is none on earth that he can own as master.
1948 T. Heggen Mister Roberts iii. 47 Every once in a while he had to own himself impressed at the imaginativeness of the sick-call complaints.
1986 T. Mo Insular Possession xxiii. 273 If it means the liberty of affronting, calumniating and defaming one another, I, for my part, own myself willing to part with my share of it.
(c) transitive. With clause as object (in 18th cent. also with to-infinitive).
Π
1663 Case Mary Carleton 83 He..did own that he did marry one Mary Moders, a daughter of one in Canterbury.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 28 Aug. (1965) I. 432 I hope You'l own I have made good use of my time.
1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator No. 14 (1748) III. 70 You will here~after own to be guilty of an injustice you will be ashamed of.
1799 P. Spindleshanks Battle Two Taylors 9 That much I lik'd it I will own, Nor in this, am I left alone.
a1854 R. M. Bird News of Night ii. iv, in America's Lost Plays (1941) XII. 158 Twas very unlucky of me to interrupt you, wasn't? Yes, I'll own it was.
1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters v. 115 I own to you that I have a great fear of the damage that ridicule might do.
1884 W. Collins Mr. Lepel & Housekeeper in Little Novels (1887) II. 202 ‘I have so much to say to you,’ she owned, ‘when you are stronger and fitter to hear me.’
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out i. 14 When questioned she had to own that she had never asked him.
1988 L. Gordon Eliot's New Life ii. 53 Eliot owned to Pound that he just naturally smelt out witches.
b. intransitive. To confess or admit to something; = to own up at sense 5c. Now somewhat literary.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (intransitive)]
to be beknowna1300
acknowc1300
knowledgec1384
knowa1400
confess1587
subscribea1616
own1772
testify1785
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > reveal one's true character > confess
subscribea1616
confess to1771
own1772
admit1830
to make a clean breast of1838
fess1840
to own up1844
to spit it out1855
to make a clean breast of it1878
cough1901
to come clean1919
to spill one's guts (out)1927
tell papa1929
1772 D. Garrick Irish Widow ii. 47 Witness, good folks, he owns to the promise.
1814 Ld. Byron Wks. (1832) III. 39 He owns to having reprinted some sheets [etc.].
1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe I. iv. 63 He owns to disliking the Doctor.
1913 E. Wingfield-Stratford Hist. Eng. Patriotism I. i. vi. 223 We must own to a certain distaste for the cold and rather priggish character of the righteous Artegall.
1961 L. Lewis Connoisseurs & Secret Agents 18th Cent. Rome iv. 97 As he did not own to having been in secret communication with some of the British Ministers Essex could not refer to that, he said.
1983 P. Levi Flutes of Autumn ix. 178 I must own to having been put off this poet recently by a volume of dull letters.
c. intransitive. Originally U.S. colloquial. to own up: to make a full admission or confession, esp. when challenged or pressed; to confess frankly (to something). Also with that and clause.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > reveal one's true character > confess
subscribea1616
confess to1771
own1772
admit1830
to make a clean breast of1838
fess1840
to own up1844
to spit it out1855
to make a clean breast of it1878
cough1901
to come clean1919
to spill one's guts (out)1927
tell papa1929
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (intransitive)] > confess frankly
to own up1880
1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. II. xxxii. 242 A feller..must be a sneakin shote if he can't pick up courage tu own up tu the truth, like a man.
1848 E. Bennett Renegade iv. 37 I 'spect I mought as well own up, being's I've got cotched in my own trap.
1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern 28 I'm willin' to own up that I'm ginerally considered to rather have a gift that way myself.
1880 A. Trollope Duke's Children xxxv If you own up in a genial sort of way the House will forgive anything.
1890 Boston (U.S.) Jrnl. 23 May 1/6 On being arrested he owned up to his crime.
1951 People 3 June 7/1 It will be difficult to find many regular backers who could truthfully own up to a good week at Epsom.
1968 Listener 1 Aug. 134/2 Being forced to own up that I earn my living and have my being in that world.
2000 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 18 June 81/2 Your response if you get caught with your hand in the cookie jar is either to say it wasn't me and keep denying it, or own up and take it.
6. transitive. Esp. of God: to acknowledge as approved or accepted; to declare or indicate acceptance or approval of; to countenance, vindicate. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)]
loveeOE
underfoc1000
underfong?c1225
undertakea1250
provec1300
allowa1325
favour1340
approvec1380
seem?c1450
conprovec1503
avow1530
rectify1567
annuate1585
to be for1590
sancite1597
improve1603
applauda1616
acclamate1624
resenta1646
own1649
comprobate1660
sanction1797
likea1825
approbate1833
to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895
agree1900
endorse1914
condone1962
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης ix. 79 Piracy was become a project own'd and authoriz'd against the Subject.
1655 O. Cromwell Speech to Parl. 22d Jan., 1654 23 I have the Witness of Diverse here, that I think truely scorn to own Me in a Ly.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. Introd. 13 We might hope to find our labours more owned.
1853 W. J. Conybeare Ess. Eccl. & Soc. (1855) 92 A preacher is said in this [Recordite] phraseology to be ‘owned’ [i.e. of God] when he makes many converts.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. iii. 58 He has called me to speak his word, and he has greatly owned my work.
a1892 C. H. Spurgeon in Daily News 24 Aug. (1898) 6/2 God has owned me to the most degraded and off-cast; let others serve their class; these are mine, and to them I must keep.
1984 N. Annan Leslie Stephen (rev. ed.) v. 155 The initiate had only to..speak with a rapt look about his ‘seals’, or converts, which proved that he was ‘owned’,..and he was accepted as saved in low Evangelical circles.
7. transitive. Hunting. Of a hound: to show recognition of (the scent of the quarry).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (transitive)] > show recognition of scent
own1781
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xx. 255 Foxes will run the roads at..times, and hounds cannot always own the scent.
1838 T. Smith Extracts Diary of Huntsman v. 126 Owning a scent, when hounds throw their tongues on the scent.
1893 W. C. A. Blew Radcliffe's Noble Sci. Fox-hunting ix. 161 A couple or two, or a single hound, may have come across and struck upon the scent of a fox which has shifted, unseen, across a ride. The scent in the stuff is too stale for them freely to own.
1954 J. I. Lloyd Beagling 142 Hounds own a scent when it is strong enough for them to speak to it.
1971 G. Wheeler Year Round 21 Now the kale comes really alive as hounds drive through it converging on Ladybird's corner. One after another they own her line.
8. colloquial (chiefly U.S.).
a. transitive. To inflict a humiliating defeat on (an opponent or rival). Esp. in to get owned: to endure a humiliating defeat.
ΚΠ
1993 Re: Ohio Univ. in rec.arts.marching.misc (Usenet newsgroups) 7 Jan. Cal highstep was..stolen from Ohio State in the 50's when Cal played them four times in the Rose Bowl and got owned bandwise.
1999 Newbies in alt.games.starcraft (Usenet newsgroup) 4 Dec. I play better players than I am frequently and get owned.
2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 Sept. r31 You move air, land and marine units..around a board while teenage generals taunt each other. ‘We totally owned your puny forces!’
2012 C. Hiaasen Chomp 277 One cheek in the dirt, Jared Gordon glowered up at the man who flattened him... ‘You got owned.’
b. transitive. To compromise or gain unauthorized administrative control over (a computer, network, etc.). Esp. in to get owned: to become compromised in this way. Cf. sense 1b, and hack v.1 15d.
ΚΠ
1996 Re: An unusual situation in alt.sysadmin.recovery (Usenet newsgroup) 21 June TH15 5Y5T3M 15 0WN3D.
1997 Re: ISP Connect Ideas in chi.internet (Usenet newsgroup) 25 Nov. Sometimes people get owned and then learn how to avoid it in the future. that's life. if this guy puts a bare aix box naked on his network, he deserves to get the shit hacked out of him.
2002 E. Nuwere & D. Chanoff Hacker Cracker xiii. 199 There was a huge hack... The entire network was owned.
2003 B. Berkowitz New Face of War xiv. 159 The sites that ‘got owned’ during Hack the U.S.A. Week were just Web sites that various organizations use to provide information to the public.
2015 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 30 Sept. 9 ‘I've been working..on..creating set-ups that are more robust and survivable when you do get owned,’ Snowden said.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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