overwindn.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvəwʌɪnd/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvərˌwaɪnd/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overwind v.

Etymology: < overwind v.

Chiefly Mining.

An instance of overwinding.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > winding cage over drum

overwind1892

overwinding1896

1892 Trans. Fed. Inst. Mining Engin. 1 58 With ‘The Visor’ applied to prevent a fast overwind, the arrangement in headgear to prevent the engines being started the wrong way, and good detaching hooks, disastrous overwinding seems an impossibility.

1929 H. Cotton Electr. applied to Mining x. 531 In the case of an overwind the pressure cylinder of the brake engine is opened to exhaust.

1973 Daily Tel. 31 July 1 An ‘overwind’ could have caused the descending cage, which works on the same winding system, to run out of control.

2000 Jrnl. Composite Materials 34 1437 The longitudinal splitting seen in the impacted, unprotected rods has been completely suppressed by the tensioned overwind.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

overwindv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈwʌɪnd/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈwaɪnd/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle overwound;

Forms: see over- prefix and wind v.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, wind v.¹

Etymology: < over- prefix + wind v.¹ With sense 4 compare underwind v.

†1. transitive. To raise by winding upwards. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2510 Ther ayenst is vsed to deuise A subtiltee, tho wallis to delude; In the vtter tour, an inner tour tenclude, And when thei sette vppon this wallis blynde With gabils & polifs hem ouerwynde [a1450 tr. Vegetius De Re Militari: wyndeþ vp; L. producitur].

a. transitive. To wind too much, too far, or too tight; spec. to wind (a mechanism, esp. a watch) beyond the point at which it is fully wound up. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > misapply > wind too far

overwinda1623

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings > wind strings too far

overwinda1623

a1623 W. Pemble Introd. Worthy Receiving Sacrament (1628) 9 Many times their mindes are like a clocke that's over-wound above his ordinary pitch, and so stands still.

1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. Ep. Ded. sig. A2 You have learned by overwinding the strings of authority, how to tune the People of this Monarchy without breaking their patience hereafter.

1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. i. 31 Love to his Tune my jarring Heart wou'd bring, But Reason over-winds and Cracks the String.

1717 Entertainer No. 19. 128 Like a Watch over-wound he strains his Voice.

1731 H. Fielding Tragedy of Tragedies i. iii. 12 Love did overwind and crack the String.

1816 L. Hunt Story of Rimini iii. 529 His wearied pulse felt over-wound.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby ii. 7 ‘My watch has stopped,’ said Mr. Nickleby; ‘I don't know from what cause.’ ‘Not wound up’ said Noggs. ‘Yes, it is,’ said Mr. Nickleby. ‘Over-wound then’ rejoined Noggs.

1867 Sci. Amer. 27 Apr. 270/2 Using..a so-called ‘knife’, to force the coils of the cable laterally, to prevent its overwinding itself.

1926 Science 31 Dec. p. ix (advt.) Earth Inductor... The automatic stops and release are conveniently arranged, thereby eliminating the danger of overwinding the springs or winding in the wrong direction.

1956 People 13 May 10/1 (advt.) Remember, too, that Smiths ‘Empire’ 5-jewel watches..cannot be overwound.

2000 Canad. Home Workshop (Nexis) Mar. 82 I fought clear of battery-driven watches for years but when I fatally overwound my last real wristwatch, I was given a new one that ticked not.

b. transitive. Mining. To wind (a cage, or the rope or chain bearing the cage) above its proper place so that the cage is drawn over the drum.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > other specific activities in mining > in coal-mining

trap1842

ride1854

overwind1858

sump1910

1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1218/2 The cage may be overwound by drawing it over the framing at the pit's mouth.

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Overwind, to draw a cage or bowk up into the headstocks.

1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6554 Dangerous occurrences which are notifiable in relation to mines... An incident where any cage being used for the carriage of persons is overwound.

3. transitive. To wind wire, thread, fibre, etc., around or over the outside of.

ΚΠ

1864 Atlantic Monthly May 551 The neck whose light was overwound With bells of lilies.

1891 Proc. Royal Soc. 1890–91 49 440 Ring cores constructed of iron wire (annealed) covered with insulating material overwound with insulated copper-wire coils.

1949 Science 14 Aug. 141/1 Flexible conducting leads have been made by overwinding a thread 0.015 in. in diameter with two copper ribbons.

1986 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 6 Mar. u6 Some pieces are overwound with fine gold or silver thread to create a multilayered collage.

4. transitive. To give (a helix) a tighter curvature than normal, producing coils of a smaller pitch. Also (occasionally) intransitive.Chiefly in Biochemistry, with reference to DNA or other helical macromolecules. (The assertion made in quot. 1964 is erroneous.)

ΚΠ

1964 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 52 241 The DNA molecule is a closely packed one and thus cannot overwind.

1972 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 71 146 The coiling in vivo would have to take place only in one direction, the one which causes a topological deficiency in helical turns. This could be explained if it is much easier to underwind than to overwind the double helix.

1995 Biochemistry 34 10607 A possible explanation for this..is based on the known observation that histones overwind the DNA helix when in a nucleosome.

Derivatives

† overwinded adj. Obsolete rare = overwound adj. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adjective] > tuning of strings

overwinded1858

re-entrant1948

1858 W. Morris Geffray Teste-Noire in Poems 145 So piercing sharp That joy is, that it marcheth nigh to sorrow, For ever, like an overwinded harp.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overwind
释义	overwindn. Brit. /ˈəʊvəwʌɪnd/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌwaɪnd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overwind v. Etymology: < overwind v. Chiefly Mining. An instance of overwinding. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > winding cage over drum overwind1892 overwinding1896 1892 Trans. Fed. Inst. Mining Engin. 1 58 With ‘The Visor’ applied to prevent a fast overwind, the arrangement in headgear to prevent the engines being started the wrong way, and good detaching hooks, disastrous overwinding seems an impossibility. 1929 H. Cotton Electr. applied to Mining x. 531 In the case of an overwind the pressure cylinder of the brake engine is opened to exhaust. 1973 Daily Tel. 31 July 1 An ‘overwind’ could have caused the descending cage, which works on the same winding system, to run out of control. 2000 Jrnl. Composite Materials 34 1437 The longitudinal splitting seen in the impacted, unprotected rods has been completely suppressed by the tensioned overwind. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). overwindv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈwʌɪnd/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈwaɪnd/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle overwound; Forms: see over- prefix and wind v.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, wind v.¹ Etymology: < over- prefix + wind v.¹ With sense 4 compare underwind v. †1. transitive. To raise by winding upwards. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2510 Ther ayenst is vsed to deuise A subtiltee, tho wallis to delude; In the vtter tour, an inner tour tenclude, And when thei sette vppon this wallis blynde With gabils & polifs hem ouerwynde [a1450 tr. Vegetius De Re Militari: wyndeþ vp; L. producitur]. 2. a. transitive. To wind too much, too far, or too tight; spec. to wind (a mechanism, esp. a watch) beyond the point at which it is fully wound up. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > misapply > wind too far overwinda1623 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings > wind strings too far overwinda1623 a1623 W. Pemble Introd. Worthy Receiving Sacrament (1628) 9 Many times their mindes are like a clocke that's over-wound above his ordinary pitch, and so stands still. 1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. Ep. Ded. sig. A2 You have learned by overwinding the strings of authority, how to tune the People of this Monarchy without breaking their patience hereafter. 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. i. 31 Love to his Tune my jarring Heart wou'd bring, But Reason over-winds and Cracks the String. 1717 Entertainer No. 19. 128 Like a Watch over-wound he strains his Voice. 1731 H. Fielding Tragedy of Tragedies i. iii. 12 Love did overwind and crack the String. 1816 L. Hunt Story of Rimini iii. 529 His wearied pulse felt over-wound. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby ii. 7 ‘My watch has stopped,’ said Mr. Nickleby; ‘I don't know from what cause.’ ‘Not wound up’ said Noggs. ‘Yes, it is,’ said Mr. Nickleby. ‘Over-wound then’ rejoined Noggs. 1867 Sci. Amer. 27 Apr. 270/2 Using..a so-called ‘knife’, to force the coils of the cable laterally, to prevent its overwinding itself. 1926 Science 31 Dec. p. ix (advt.) Earth Inductor... The automatic stops and release are conveniently arranged, thereby eliminating the danger of overwinding the springs or winding in the wrong direction. 1956 People 13 May 10/1 (advt.) Remember, too, that Smiths ‘Empire’ 5-jewel watches..cannot be overwound. 2000 Canad. Home Workshop (Nexis) Mar. 82 I fought clear of battery-driven watches for years but when I fatally overwound my last real wristwatch, I was given a new one that ticked not. b. transitive. Mining. To wind (a cage, or the rope or chain bearing the cage) above its proper place so that the cage is drawn over the drum. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > other specific activities in mining > in coal-mining trap1842 ride1854 overwind1858 sump1910 1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1218/2 The cage may be overwound by drawing it over the framing at the pit's mouth. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Overwind, to draw a cage or bowk up into the headstocks. 1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6554 Dangerous occurrences which are notifiable in relation to mines... An incident where any cage being used for the carriage of persons is overwound. 3. transitive. To wind wire, thread, fibre, etc., around or over the outside of. ΚΠ 1864 Atlantic Monthly May 551 The neck whose light was overwound With bells of lilies. 1891 Proc. Royal Soc. 1890–91 49 440 Ring cores constructed of iron wire (annealed) covered with insulating material overwound with insulated copper-wire coils. 1949 Science 14 Aug. 141/1 Flexible conducting leads have been made by overwinding a thread 0.015 in. in diameter with two copper ribbons. 1986 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 6 Mar. u6 Some pieces are overwound with fine gold or silver thread to create a multilayered collage. 4. transitive. To give (a helix) a tighter curvature than normal, producing coils of a smaller pitch. Also (occasionally) intransitive.Chiefly in Biochemistry, with reference to DNA or other helical macromolecules. (The assertion made in quot. 1964 is erroneous.) ΚΠ 1964 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 52 241 The DNA molecule is a closely packed one and thus cannot overwind. 1972 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 71 146 The coiling in vivo would have to take place only in one direction, the one which causes a topological deficiency in helical turns. This could be explained if it is much easier to underwind than to overwind the double helix. 1995 Biochemistry 34 10607 A possible explanation for this..is based on the known observation that histones overwind the DNA helix when in a nucleosome. Derivatives † overwinded adj. Obsolete rare = overwound adj. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adjective] > tuning of strings overwinded1858 re-entrant1948 1858 W. Morris Geffray Teste-Noire in Poems 145 So piercing sharp That joy is, that it marcheth nigh to sorrow, For ever, like an overwinded harp. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1892v.a1460
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