outlawn.adj.
/ˈaʊtlɔː/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌlɔ/, /ˈaʊtˌlɑ/ A. n.† 2. The action or process of being made an outlaw; sentence or proclamation of outlawry. Obsolete.
1.
a. Law. A person declared to be outside the law and deprived of its benefits and protection; a person under sentence of outlawry (outlawry n.). Also figurative. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [noun] > outlaw
outlawOE
friendless manOE
wolf's-head?c1300
waithmanc1425
banished man1495
broken man1528
proscript1576
horner1590
outlawed1644
caput lupinum1837
ronin1858
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > [noun] > rendering outcast > outcast > outlaw
flemeOE
outlawOE
wolf's-head?c1300
waithmanc1425
caput lupinum1837
ronin1858
owl-hoot1934
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 70 Hic et hæc et hoc exlex, utlaga oððe butan æ.
OE Homily: Sermo ad Populum Dominicis Diebus (Lamb. 489) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 296 He scel beon utlaga wið me.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 Yware..ferde..to þone abbot Turolde..& cydde him hu þa utlages sceolden cumen to Burh.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 563 Vtlaȝen [c1300 Otho vtlawes] hefden i-ræued þat lond.
c1390 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 224 Bitwix a titlelees tiraunt And an outlawe [v.r. houlawe]..ther is no difference.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 102 (MED) Outlawes in the wode and vnder banke lotyeth.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 57 (MED) He that will not here his sagh, he be shewed as an out-lagh, And from his folkis be putt.
1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 36 Sure sin can have no tenure by law at all but is rather an eternal outlaw.
1718 Free-thinker No. 1. 2 The Outlaw has of all Men the least Pretensions to Liberty.
1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari iii. i, in Sardanapalus 249 Their sire was a mere hunted outlaw.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxiii. 226 Disputes were brought to him..and the men..who would have snapped their fingers at the Court of Session, laid aside revenge and paid down money at the bare word of this forfeited and hunted outlaw.
1990 W. I. Miller Bloodtaking & Peacemaking vii. 238 An outlawry judgment isolated the vengeance target and eroded his support. Any assistance granted to an outlaw was itself actionable.
b. A person who lives without regard for the law; a miscreant, felon, criminal, esp. one on the run from a law enforcement agency.In early use frequently indistinguishable from senses A. 1a and A. 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker
waryOE
wandelard1338
breakerc1384
malefactora1438
law-breakerc1440
misgovernora1449
malfetoura1450
wrongdoer1501
contravener1567
criminal1610
contravenary1614
mug1865
crook1879
outlaw1880
punter1891
kink1914
heavy man1926
crim1927
antisocial1945
villain1960
banduluc1977
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 33 (MED) Adam..bicam uppen utlagen [L. latrones] þat waren deflen..Ðe bireueden him alle his riche weden.
c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Homilies in Anglia (1928) 52 21 Scaþan : vtlawas.
1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 389 Ffelons, Outlawes, Ravysshers of wymen.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. liiijv A compaigny of traytors, thefes, outlawes and ronneagates of our awne nacion.
1611 B. Jonson Catiline v. sig. M2 The rest are a mixt kinde..Adulterers, Dicers, Fencers, Outlawes, [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 15 Justice and Truth are the common ties of Society; and therefore, even Outlaws and Villains..must keep Faith and Rules of Equity amongst themselves.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. iii. 53 The delay would be explained by some depredation of the outlaws, with whom the neighbouring forest abounded.
1880 J. F. Clarke Self-culture ix. 200 It is only for the outlaws, the dangerous classes..that we build prisons and establish courts. The law is for the lawless.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia i. ix. 77 Sometimes Fuchs could be persuaded to talk about the outlaws and desperate characters he had known.
1991 D. Gaines Teenage Wasteland viii. 199 An ‘electronic underground’ of message boards, where computer-literate outlaws share pilfered credit card numbers [etc.].
c. A person who has been banished or proscribed; an exile, a fugitive. Now rare, except as in sense A. 1b.In early use not distinguishable from sense A. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > [noun] > rendering outcast > outcast > outlaw > on the run from a law enforcement agency
outlaw?c1225
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Þerefter of þet ilke weren..hire breðren swa noble princes as ha weren vtlaȝen imakede.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 431 Caym fro him fleg Wið wif and hagte, and wurð ut-lage.
a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 694/26 Exul, a nowtlay.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 250/2 Out~lawe, banny.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 179 Some of the Lordes had sent for Edward the outlawe, sonne of Edmond Ironside for to be theyr king.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iii. 60 A poore vnminded outlaw sneaking home. View more context for this quotation
1679 in Rothesay Town Council Rec. (1935) I. 369 To march..against the papist rebells and owt lawes in the highlands.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) V. l. 12 The posterity of the outlaw Ismael.
1869 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast (rev. ed.) 449 Why should I care for them..the refuse of civilization, the outlaws and beach-combers of the Pacific!
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 341 At last necessity plainly compels him to be an outlaw from his native land.
1964 N. Mandela Struggle is my Life (1978) ii. xii. 166 I naturally found Rivonia an ideal place for the man who lived the life of an outlaw.
1990 Harper's Mag. Aug. 36/1 I am an expert in stucco, a veteran in love, and an outlaw in Peru.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [noun]
outlawingc1300
outlawa1382
outlawrya1400
utlagary1440
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > sentence > sentence of banishment or outlawry
forjudger1496
forjudgement1530
outlaw1652
ban1702
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 1 Esdras vii. 26 Dom shal ben of hym ouþer in to deþ ouþer in to outlawe [a1425 L.V. exilyng; v.r. outlawyng; L. exsilium], or in to condempnacioun of his substaunce, or certis in to prisoun.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 810 Persecute..with banishment and out-lawe, prison..wrongfull iudgements.
1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain 115 Hee made publick Acts, Proclamations and Out-laws against the Segovians.
3.
a. In extended use: a wild, untamed, or hunted animal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals hunted > [noun]
preya1250
wildc1275
felon1297
wild beastc1325
gamec1330
venison1338
venerya1375
chase1393
waitha1400
quarryc1500
gibier1514
wild meat1529
hunt-beast1535
beasts of warren1539
outlaw1599
course1607
big game1773
head1795
meat1851
1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 14 Of lions fierce (or if ought fiercer be, Amongst the heards of woody outlawes fell).
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 219 They had mustered their own outlaws [sc. wild lean savage cattle].
1929 J. F. Dobie Vaquero of Brush Country ii. 14 They were all outlaws, ladinos, wild as bucks, cunning and ready to fight anything that got in front of them... Among them were wrinkled-necked maverick cows and bulls that had never had a loop tossed over their heads.
1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 43/1 One time I had a wild mule below me in the chute. She and her band of outlaws had been running in the desert near Barstow, California.
b. spec. Chiefly North American and Australian. An unmanageable horse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > defined by general characteristics
wild horsec897
nearsider1841
outlaw1885
1885 F. M. A. Roe Army Lett. 337 Many a fine, spirited animal is ruined, made an ‘outlaw’ that no man can ride, just by the fiendish way in which they are first ridden.
1900 Truth (Sydney) 28 June 5/6 Several..of the horses presented to the Bushmen are ‘outlaws’—that is, horses with whom it has been found impossible to do anything.
1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 19 July 5/4 They are still outlaws and..are guaranteed to send almost any rider to pulling leather.
1936 J. C. Downie Galloping Hoofs 108 Every horse that bucks is not necessarily an outlaw... What we call an outlaw is a horse that will not see reason, refuses to be ridden, and bucks worse each time he is saddled and mounted.
1986 V. Hearne Adam's Task (1987) v. 124 There is an outlaw horse. Not a wild horse, but an outlaw, one who is for one reason or another outside of the order appropriate to the kind of creature he is.
4. U.S. slang. A prostitute working without the protection of a pimp.
ΚΠ
1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks (at cited word) Outlaw, a prostitute who doesn't give her income to a pimp.
1957 J. M. Murtagh & S. Harris Cast First Stone viii.129 A girl without a man might's well be without an arm or leg... She'd be called an outlaw in the houses I used to work.
1973 D. Schulz Pimp 39 I met her when she was an outlaw. You know, trying to work a stroll all by herself.
1988 W. X. Kienzle Marked for Murder 4 For years now she had been pimpless—in the language of her profession, an outlaw.
B. adj.† 1. Law. Outlawed, banished. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [adjective] > outlawed
outlawOE
outlaweda1400
proscriptc1425
proscribed1597
intercommuned1680
horned1705
intercommoneda1715
fugitate1752
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. lxvi. §1. 352 Gif hwa amansodne man oððe utlahne hæbbe & healde, plihte him sylfum & ealre his are.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1048 Ða cwæð man Swegen eorl utlah.
lOE Laws of Edward & Guthrum (Rochester) vi. §6. 132 Gif he man to deaþe gefylle, beo he þonne utlah.
lOE Laws of Æðelred II (Rochester) i. i. §9a. 218 Beo se þeof utlah wið eall folc.
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 162 (MED) Þis mihte is þet an þet..edhalt hire burde in cleannesse of heouenlich cunde, þah ha beo utlahe þreof.
c1325 in H. T. Riley Munimenta Gildhallæ Londoniensis (1862) III. 456 (MED) Utlage: Hors de lei, ou forsbany.
2. Of, belonging to, or designating an outlaw or outlaws; characteristic of an outlaw; illegal, renegade, or (in weakened use) unorthodox. Also: (of an animal) wild.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > [adjective] > outlaw
intercommuned1680
outlawa1700
intercommoneda1715
fugitate1752
a1700 Ballad Robin Hood in F. J. Furnivall Percy Folio I. 37 The worthy exploits he acted before Queen Katherine, he being an Out-lawman.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe x. 189 Ere Isaac departed, the Outlaw Chief bestowed on him this parting advice.
1858 W. Bagehot Coll. Wks. (1965) II. 94 There is one class of Mr. Dickens's pictures which may seem to form an exception to this criticism. It is the delineation of the outlaw, we might say the anti-law, world in Oliver Twist.
1903 Wide World Mag. Mar. 546/2 The whole Western country was scoured for the wildest and most vicious ‘outlaw’ bronchos that could be found.
1912 C. A. Siringo Cowboy Detective v. 87 I told him to trot out his outlaw horse.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 21 June 10/3 Louis E. De La Fleur..demonstrated a small hand-borne radio fixer, known as a ‘sniffer’. He said it was so accurate that he had been able..to locate an outlaw transmitter in a New York apartment house where hundreds of legal radios and electrical devices were putting out potential interference.
1977 New Yorker 6 June 90/2 I did bring in fifty of them outlaw steers that way once.
1986 N.Y. Post 9 July 2 Soldiers mistakenly attacked a political education school believing it was an outlaw camp, leaving 39 dead.
1993 Spy Jan. 14/1 The exhibit..consisting of paintings and drawings created by preschool children and ‘remastered’ by English, shows that he deserves his reputation as an ‘outlaw artist’.
3. Of a strike: without the authority of a trade union; an unofficial strike. Cf. wild cat n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1920 Harvey's Weekly 17 Apr. 5/2 The ‘outlaw’ railroad strikes..are unjustifiable.
1937 Times 22 Nov. 21/3 On top of this disappointment came a fresh outbreak of ‘outlaw’ strikes in the motor industry.
1998 Edmonton Sun (Nexis) 21 July 12 [She] hinted broadly about the prospect of an outlaw strike by 2,000 hospital employees outside Edmonton after contract talks with the province ended in a stalemate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
outlawv.
/ˈaʊtlɔː/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌlɔ/, /ˈaʊtˌlɑ/ 1.
a. transitive. Law. To deprive (a person) of the benefit and protection of law; to declare an outlaw, to inflict outlawry upon in a criminal prosecution or civil action (see outlawry n. 1a). Also in early use: †to exile, banish (obsolete). Also figurative. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)]
outlawOE
waive1297
proscribea1500
proclaim?a1513
to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540
horn1592
bandit1611
forbida1616
intercommune1679
intercommona1715
fugitate1721
to declare a person a fugitive1752
imban1807
ban1848
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > outlaw
outlawOE
waive1297
intercommune1679
intercommona1715
fugitate1721
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1055 Þæræfter sona man utlagode Ælfgar eorl.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1014 Æfre ælcne Denisc[n]e cyning utlagede [OE Tiber. B.i. utlah] of Englalande gecwædon.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 63 Heo heom asæton þæt heo wyrden iutlaȝede of ðare ȝesamnunge. For þam ðe þa Iudeiscæn..hæfdon icwæden, þæt swa hwa swa Crist andette wyrde iutlaȝod of heoræ ȝesamnunge.
c1300 St. John Evangelist (Laud) 79 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 404 Þe furste ȝer þat seint Iohan þus i-outlawed was.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Baruch iii. 19 Þei ben outlawid, & to helle þei wenten doun.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 33 He..was outlawed for a felonie.
1430–1 Rolls of Parl. IV. 377/2 Unto the tyme the same Owen..was utlawed.
a1500 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 378 (MED) Welawey the whyle, owtlawede I am fro my faderes reame, that lost haue alle the goodys that gode me hat sent.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Outlaw, exulo, proscribo, relego.
1589 Sir T. Smith's Common-welth (rev. ed.) ii. xiii. 71 The Clarke of the Exigentes is to frame all maner of Processes of Exigi facias, which do issue out of that Court to outlawe any man, and to recorde the outlawry.
a1678 A. Marvell in H. Coleridge Biogr. Borealis (1833) 42 One Blood, outlawed for an attempt to take Dublin Castle..some months ago seized the crown and sceptre in the Tower.
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 33 A Drunkard is (as it were) Out-law'd from all worthy and creditable Converse.
1708 A. Turnley Let. 3 June in T. Brockbank Diary & Let. Bk. (1930) 354 He was outlawed, dyed in York Goal.
1790 J. White Jrnl. Voy. New S. Wales 173 He had been outlawed; and was supposed to have driven off with him four cows.
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 76 McDowall had fallen behind in the payment of certain Crown dues, and was outlawed.
1977 J. Burke Jowitt's Dict. Eng. Law (ed. 2) II. 1297/1 Any person outlawed was civiliter mortuus. He could hold no property given or devised to him.
1991 J. Wormald Mary Queen of Scots (BNC) 94 She summoned the Protestant preachers to come to Stirling on 10 May, and outlawed them when they refused.
b. transitive. In extended use: to proscribe, ban; (Law) to proscribe by law, to make (an object, organization, activity, etc.) illegal.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > proscribe or interdict
to lay in forbodea1400
outlawc1400
suspend1488
interdict1502
inhibita1513
proscribe1622
contraband1678
ban1816
red-line1958
c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 383 Charite is outelawed amonge hom.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 109 Anticrist wolde quenche & owtlaue holy writt.
1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie v. 21 That..which was somtime allowed as tolerable, outlawed somtime, as vnlawfull.
1812 T. Jefferson Let. 21 Jan. in Writings (1984) 1259 First the detention of the Western posts: then the coalition of Pilnitz, outlawing our commerce with France, and the British enforcement of the outlawry.
1853 Harper's Mag. May 848/2 The poor Ailanthus-tree has..been outlawed by Congress.
1946 Rep. Internat. Control Atomic Energy (Dept. of State, Washington) I. 4 When the news of the atomic bomb first came to the world there was an immediate reaction that..it must be ‘outlawed’.
1995 Times 24 June 6/2 The move outlaws the gin trap, still widely used across Canada and by the Eskimos, but banned in Britain in 1954..on cruelty grounds.
2.
a. transitive. To deprive of legal force; to make legally void. Now Law (U.S. and Canadian).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity
abatea1325
squatcha1325
voida1325
allayc1325
annul1395
reverse1395
revokec1400
rupt?a1425
repealc1425
abroge1427
defeat1429
purloin1461
cassa1464
toll1467
resume1472
reprove1479
suspend1488
discharge1495
reduce1498
cassate1512
defease1512
denulla1513
disannula1513
fordoa1513
avoid1514–5
abrogate?1520
frustrate1528
revert1528
disaffirm?1530
extinct1530
resolve1537
null1538
nihilate1545
extinguish1548
elidec1554
revocate1564
annullate1570
squat1577
skaila1583
irritate1605
retex1606
nullify1607
unable1611
refix1621
vitiate1627
invalid1643
vacate1643
unlaw1644
outlaw1647
invalidate1649
disenact1651
vacuate1654
supersedec1674
destroy1805
break1891
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 17 He will outlaw the Law, quite out of the word and world.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norw. 276 Perceiving that our English Common-law was Out-lawed in those parts.
1782 N. Power Let. 21 Oct. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) III. 1288 I have Conversed with 3 Attorneys, 2 of which give it as their opinion the Note would be Considered as outlawed by the Laws of our State.
1854 Congress. Globe 13 July 1717/2 [They] came into this country so long ago that the sin of their ‘immigration’ ought to be outlawed.
1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xlii. 433 A debt..outlawed by the statute of limitations.
1960 Federal Suppl. (U.S.) 180 Claims listed by a debtor in his schedules may unwittingly include debts that are outlawed, that are usurious, or otherwise vulnerable to an absolute defense.
2007 D. J. McQuaig & P. A. Bille College Accounting (ed. 9) xvi. 612 This means that the debt is outlawed by the statute of limitations.
b. intransitive. To become outlawed. rare.
ΚΠ
1895 ‘M. Twain’ in Westm. Gaz. 9 Sept. 8/1 Honour is a harder master than the law. It cannot compromise for less than an hundred cents on the dollar, and its debts never outlaw.
1900 B. Nye in J. W. Riley & B. Nye Wit & Humor 129 He lived to see his own promissory notes rise, flourish, acquire interest, pine away at last and finally outlaw.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.OEv.OE