overchargen.
/ˈəʊvətʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌtʃɑrdʒ/ 1. An excessive charge or load; an excessive supply, a surplus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > excessive quantity or amount
overchargea1325
outrakea1400
surcharge1603
superflux1608
overquantitya1626
overflux1633
gluta1652
overdose1700
excresce1707
overseta1715
embarras de richesse1750
sickener1809
embarras de choix1825
richesse1875
basinful1935
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 37 Þerfore hit is istablist, þat ope þe secunde ouercharge sal be remedie to þe plaintif ope suuche forme.
1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. ii. sig. F.iijv So that, the ouercharge of sorrow made her many times passage, for these and such like passions.
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. v. sig. K2 A thing out of the ouercharge of nature, Sent..to disperse a plague Vpon weake catching women.
1653 J. Shirley Cvpid & Death 10 Cares, that devour the peace of other bosomes, Have by an overcharge of sorrow wrought Her heart into a calm.
1803 T. Jefferson Let. 14 Nov. in Mem. (1829) IV. 9 These circumstances have..produced an overcharge in the class of competitors for learned occupation.
1846 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 136 194 The glacier of Talefre..pours out its annual overcharge by an orifice the breadth of which is but one-third of its lesser..diameter.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Overcharge,..an excessive charge, as of a gun.
1936 H. W. Rowell Technol. Plastics xx. 150 A flash mould will usually correct an overcharge by forming a larger fin.
1986 A. Danto Encounters & Refl. (1991) 27 Fischl's connection to Bonnard carries an overcharge of sadness, as if the paint..had undergone the same degeneration as the subjects themselves.
2. A monetary charge in excess of the proper or agreed amount; the amount by which the sum charged exceeds the proper amount. Also: an act of charging too much in payment.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > [noun] > additional or excessive charge
overprice1494
surcharge1601
overcharge1663
over-chargement1686
supercharge1738
upcharge1925
1663 S. Pepys Diary 19 Feb. (1971) IV. 49 Drawing out Copys of the Overcharge of the Navy.
1668 Ormonde MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 81 A respit until your petitioner be eased in the overcharge.
1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 49 §5 Action..for repetition of any overcharge.
1786 F. Pilon He would be Soldier iii. 38 Johns. For fear of mistakes, I'll ev'n pay double postage. Nan. It's mighty well! I suppose when you find this is a mistake, you'll be for having the overcharge back again.
1843 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 6 93 (table) Overcharge on Bill for Coals. 3 £ 0 s. 0 d.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. xii. 225 The landlord..looking as if he had never made an overcharge in his life.
1896 Dict. National Biogr. XLVIII. 116/1 Extra prices were charged on the nights on which the pantomime was played. This caused some protest. The offer was then made to return the overcharge to those going out before the overture to the pantomime.
1944 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Dec. 4/6 He declared that the overcharges..are 90 per cent intentional.
1984 Which? Aug. 339/1 Thank you very much for your tip to check Barclaycard accounts. I at once found a £10 overcharge in my most recent account.
3. An excessive electrical charge. Also: an instance of overcharging a cell, battery or device. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 666 The broader the surface of A..the more effect will it have in increasing the overcharge of B.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. liv. 669 The perforation of a jar of glass by an overcharge, and that of a plate of air by a spark, appear to be effects of the same kind.
1852 New Jersey Med. Reporter Aug. 416 Upon reflection, through the day, I concluded that I had taken an overcharge (like an overcharge of an electric battery), and I took a diminished dose in the evening.
1917 H. C. Ramsower Equipm. for Farm & Farmstead ix. 130 (heading) Not much harm is likely to come from overcharging; in fact it is often advised that cells be given an overcharge occasionally.
1953 Science 4 Dec. 684/1 When the Bureau gave treated and untreated batteries the enormous overcharge prescribed in the Randall Bench test, no effect was observed which would support the contention that an overcharge would have invalidated the tests reported in Circular 504.
1992 Videomaker Feb. 8/1 (advt.) The charge capacity of nickle-cadmium [sic] (NiCad) batteries is often reduced thru [sic] repeated use and overcharge.
2002 Do-it-yourself Retailing (Nexis) 1 May 84 They offer ‘overcharge’ capability, which means they can stay on house current for long periods without damaging the cell.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
overchargev.
/ˌəʊvəˈtʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈtʃɑrdʒ/ 1. † b. transitive. In art, literature, etc.: to lay on or apply (some aspect of style or technique) in excess. Also intransitive: to use an excess of words, ornament, etc. Obsolete. rare.† d. transitive. To make or represent as greater than the reality; to exaggerate or inflate (something). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To load, fill, or supply to excess (with something); to overload, overburden; to overstock, overfill. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > excessively
overchargea1325
plaster1546
cumulate1570
load1577
overglut1586
oversupply1865
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy > add weight to > excessively or weigh down
overchargea1325
overcarkc1330
overladea1387
chargea1398
laden1514
overburden1532
ladea1538
overload1553
overpressa1577
overweigh1576
surcharge1582
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
overpoise1598
overweight1811
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to excess
overfillOE
overchargea1325
cark1330
overfulfila1450
glut1471
overheap1549
accloy1581
overglut1586
superonerate1607
obsaturate1623
overstuff1715
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 37 Eftsones þilke þat furst ouerchargede þe pasture put in mo bestes þan him fulle to don.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 171 Ofte by gret heuynesse of erþe, þilke pilers ben ouerchargede or falleþ for nesshenesse of here owne matere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 9834 (MED) Men may fynde A childe ouer charged so with kynde þat hadde feet or hondes þre.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. B. 2034 (MED) Somme tyme a grete wayne man may ouercharge—Ther is no carrik, shippe, ne grete barge But with vnmesurable ladyng may be ouercaste.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 240 (MED) Who-so ettyth afor that the dygestion be fulfillid, hit helpyth not the naturale course, but ouer-chargyth hit.
1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xlviii. f. cxxvi If he throwe them [sc. goods] out for fere that they sholde ouercharge the shyp.
1569 Towneley Nowell MS (1877) 384 A poor man ouerchardged with children.
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II ccxliii, in Poems (1878) 197 Thus over~charg'd & yet vnwilling to Vnlade Himselfe by the first Match that came.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 166 A Brick-wall or a Post trim'd up to a peece of Timber over charg'd for its Bearing, is a Discharge to that Bearing.
1792 M. Deverell Mary, Queen of Scots v How deeply hath the resign'd sufferer O'ercharged our souls with grief.
1816 J. Austen Emma 113 The sky had the appearance of being so overcharged as to want only a milder air to produce a very white world.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 394 Storm-waters..fall in such quantities..as entirely to overcharge all ordinary systems of drainage.
1991 B. Turner And Policeman Smiled 112 We are told at the American consulate it may last [sc. take] years until we get the possibility of emigrating, the quota being overcharged.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > apply in excess
overladea1387
overseta1398
overfreightc1475
overburden1532
overload1553
cumulate1570
load1577
heap1582
overcharge1616
overdose1727
overstress1889
1616 S. Page Allegeance of Cleargie Ded. sig. A3v These days afford plenty of readers, if plenty of writers ouer-charge, variety may delight.
1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. i. 25 Ornament cannot be overcharged if it be good, and is always overcharged when it is bad.
c. transitive. To put too much powder or charge into (a firearm). Cf. charge n. 3a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun) > excessively
overchargea1657
overload1669
a1657 W. Bradford Of Plimouth Plantation (1901) 291 Him selfe with a carbine (over charged & allmost halfe fild with powder & shote..) had thought to have shot Captaine Standish.
1681 E. Murphy Present State Ireland §30 The said Cormucke having..over-charged one of his Pistols.
1801 M. Edgeworth Belinda I. iv. 122 I was not used to priming and loading—my pistol was overcharged—when I fired, it recoiled.
1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 9 If the wielder of the weapon..overcharge his piece, he must not be surprised if it explode.
a1866 J. B. Jones Wild Western Scene (1875) 30 It must have been Joe who fired—he had certainly overcharged the gun.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > over-estimate or overvalue
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
to make of (also on)c1449
to make fair weather of1537
over-reckon1537
overmind1571
overween1588
overprize?1589
overcount1593
overvalue1597
overrate1599
wondernize1599
overhold1609
over-cess1611
overweight1613
overthinka1618
over-title1620
overcast1622
overmeasure1625
over-sum1628
overesteema1639
overproportion1642
outbid1688
overcharge1711
overestimate1797
overreach1822
overplay1835
maximize1866
maximate1881
out-reckon1898
fetishize1934
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 86. ¶6 By overcharging the Likeness.
1763 W. Shenstone Let. to S. Davenport in Wks. (1777) III. 347 True taste will never stiffen or over-charge any performance: it will rather be employed to smoothe, simplify, and give that ease on which grace depends.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. v. 86 In both the assertions there was some foundation of truth, however..basely over-charged.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 382 This account may be rather overcharged, from the ardent mind of its intelligent inventor.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 24 Our dislike of absolutism in government..tempts us to overcharge all its evils.
2. † a. transitive. To overpower by superior force; to press hard, beat back. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)]
ofsiteOE
forthringOE
overlayOE
ofsetOE
to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175
overseta1200
defoulc1300
oppressa1382
overpressa1382
overchargec1390
overleadc1390
overliea1393
thringa1400
overcarkc1400
to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425
press?a1425
downthringc1430
vicea1525
tread1526
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533
tyrannizea1533
wring1550
downpress1579
bepress1591
defoil1601
ingrate1604
crush1611
grinda1626
macerate1637
trample1646
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 552 He nedde bote fourti men..And þei were weri of-fouȝten and feor ouer-charged, Of þe peple afurst and þe pres after.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 10458 (MED) His men..leyd on Troiens strokes large, And so thei gan hem ouer-charge With stalworth strokes.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1083 I so shamefully sette uppon you and overcharged you.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 393 (MED) The kynge Bohors was so ouercharged that he was nygh discounfited and dryven oute of the felde.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. vii. 111 With thir wordis Turnus to ourcharge Aggregyng on hym wrath and malyce large.
1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms xxxi. 8 Thou hast not left me in their hand, that would me overcharge.
1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vii. xxiii. 97 Our men being ouercharged on all sides with the losse of sixe and fortie Centurions, were beaten downe from the place.
1711 Light to Blind in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 165 After fighting a while he was overcharged with numbers.
b. transitive. To accuse (a person) inappropriately; to bring too serious a charge against (a person).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > extravagantly
overchargea1631
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 294 Neither doth any one thing so overcharge God with contradictions, as the Transubstantiation of the Roman Church.
1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. ii. sig. H Treason? 'tis a word My innocence understands not... I must be bold To tell you Sir..'tis tyrannie to o're-charge An honest man.
1985 R. C. A. White Admin. of Justice ii. v. 77 The lack of openness also presents prosecutors with the temptation to ‘over-charge’ so that there will be something to bargain away for the guilty plea.
2001 Observer 24 June 12/1 Experts say black and ethnic suspects tend to be ‘overcharged’—taken to court for worse offences than their white counterparts would be for similar crimes.
3.
a. transitive. Originally: to overburden (a person) with expense, esp. with taxes; to put (a person) to too great expense. Now usually: to charge (a person) a sum that exceeds the proper or agreed price; (also) to charge (a person) a price that is artificially or unreasonably inflated. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > overcharge
overchargea1400
surcharge1429
overset?1533
sauce1602
hoist1607
over-reckon1615
extortionc1650
sock1699
fleece1719
soak1895
slug1925
rob1934
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 6847 He seyd he wulde hym ouercharge, To wete wheþer seynt Ihoun were large.
1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 107/2 The Kynges poure Communes..longe tyme hath ben oppressed and overcharged by Sheryffs..arrezyng and makyng levee of theire Goodes and Catalles.
a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 303 Diuers shirrifs of þis Cite nowe late haue gretly hurte & ouercharged diuers persones of þis Cite outlawed, somune, sued be writt, be ouer excesse takyng of theym to be fauored.
?1536 ( Jack Upland 265 in W. W. Skeat Chaucerian & Other Pieces (1897) 198 What charite is this, to overcharge the people by myghty begginge.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 726 They were ouer-charged with exactions.
?1620 S. Rowlands Paire of Spy-knaues 23 Madam, you ouercharge me with expence.
1627 Rep. Parishes Scotl. (1835) 125 The countrie poore ouircharges us mair nor our awin poore.
1713 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 3) 55 If any be overcharged, or others undercharged, the Ordinary will condemn the Wrong done.
1798 W. Hutton Life 37 I considered myself overcharged. We agreed to leave it to reference.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 141 He was wronged by his lacquey, and overcharged by his washerwoman.
1869 Daily News 20 Aug. Such old offices..unfairly overcharge the prudent young assurer.
1965 J. O'Grady Aussie Eng. 62 Included in this Ned Kelly category are..characters who overcharge for mediocre work and services.
1988 M. Gee Grace iii. 23 It took her an age getting her baggage out. He's used to that, of course. He makes up for it by overcharging.
2001 New Statesman 5 Nov. 49/1 My father-in-law..remembers her ruining a holiday in Mexico because she believed the hotel had overcharged her by five cents.
b. transitive. To charge (an amount or sum) over and above the proper or agreed price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > overcharge > charge in excess of amount due
overcharge1667
1667 Ormonde MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 39 We require..their Deputy..to suspend so much as the petitioner alleages to be over-charged accordingly.
1733–4 G. Berkeley Let. to Prior 23 Feb. in A. C. Fraser Life (1871) vi. 215 The 20 pounds overcharged for the widows.
1833 T. S. Fay Crayon Sketches II. 146 Kean does not appear more earnest in Othello than does Liston at the loss of a pocket-handkerchief, or being overcharged a shilling in a tavern-bill.
1904 N.E.D. (at cited word) The Company have overcharged fifteen shillings on the carriage of the goods.
1995 Central News Autocue Data In each case where an error's been proved, the banks paid back the money overcharged.
2000 Tulsa (Oklahoma) World (Nexis) 26 Sept. Refunding the money overcharged..could bankrupt small loan companies.
4.
a. transitive. To supply (a cell or battery, or a device) with too much electric charge, esp. so much as is likely to cause damage. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1823 London Mag. Jan. 96/2 One can scarcely help thinking that he often purposely overcharged his battery of praise.
1838 J. Joyce Sci. Dialogues (new ed.) 323 Have any individuals ever been killed by overcharging the battery?
1917 H. C. Ramsower Equipm. for Farm & Farmstead ix. 130 (heading) Injury from being overcharged or overdischarged.
1989 P. Horowitz & W. Hill Art of Electronics (ed. 2) xiv. 927/1 Although it's OK to overcharge nicad batteries indefinitely at C/10, it's better to switch over to a ‘trickle’ charge, typically at C/30 to C/50.
2002 Austral. PC World (Nexis) 1 Dec. 155 It's very easy to overcharge these batteries, particularly if you always plug in the charger if you intend using the notebook for a long session.
b. intransitive. To acquire too much charge, to become overcharged with electricity.
ΚΠ
1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) xiii. 278 During charging, the increased p.d. between battery terminals will increase the shunt m.m.f. and the battery will tend to over-charge.
1998 Design News (Nexis) 7 Dec. 97 The DS2437 [chip] supplies all the real-time battery data necessary to ensure the battery does not overcharge or overdischarge.
Derivatives
ˌoverˈcharger n. a person who overcharges; †an oppressor (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > oppressor
troublera1382
oppressorc1400
overleader1440
oversetter1440
maul?a1475
overlayer1503
stripe1570
Tamerlane?1572
scorchvillein1577
overpressor1610
overcharger1611
deportator1616
mauler1618
mastix1651
trampler1785
oppressionist1828
downpressor1962
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oppresseur, an oppressor; ouer~charger, ouerlayer; extreame dealer.
1991 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 23 332 By the end of 1982, these courts had fined hoarders and overchargers a total of about 12 billion rials.
2002 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 19 Apr. The scheme..warns of known cowboys, overchargers and firms who use dubious high-pressure sales tactics.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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