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单词 outwith
释义

outwithprep.adv.adj.

Brit. /aʊtˈwɪð/, /aʊtˈwɪθ/, U.S. /ˌaʊtˈwɪð/, /ˌaʊtˈwɪθ/, Scottish English /ʌʊtˈwɪθ/
Forms:

α. early Middle English utewið, early Middle English utwiþþ ( Ormulum), Middle English otewiþ, Middle English outewiþ, Middle English outwiþ, Middle English owtewyþ, Middle English owtwith, Middle English utwyth (northern and north midlands), Middle English vtewid (northern and north midlands), Middle English vtewit (northern and north midlands), Middle English vtwit (northern and north midlands), Middle English vtwith (northern and north midlands), Middle English vtwyth (northern and north midlands), Middle English 1900s– outwith; Scottish pre-1700 outewith, pre-1700 outuith, pre-1700 outwithe, pre-1700 outwitht, pre-1700 outwyth, pre-1700 outwytht, pre-1700 owtwith, pre-1700 utouith, pre-1700 utwyth, pre-1700 vtuithe, pre-1700 vtwith, pre-1700 vtwytht, pre-1700 wthwith, pre-1700 wtwith, pre-1700 1700s– outwith, 1800s utwith, 1800s– ootwith, 1800s– ootwuth, 1900s– outwuth, 2000s– ootwi, 2000s– ootwi'.

β. Scottish pre-1700 ewteuth, pre-1700 otowth, pre-1700 ottout, pre-1700 ottouth, pre-1700 ottoutht, pre-1700 outhouht, pre-1700 outhouth, pre-1700 outoucht, pre-1700 outoutht, pre-1700 outowthe, pre-1700 outtith, pre-1700 oututh, pre-1700 owtouth, pre-1700 owtuth, pre-1700 owtutht, pre-1700 uteucht, pre-1700 utewcht, pre-1700 utoth, pre-1700 utouch, pre-1700 utoucht, pre-1700 utouth, pre-1700 utoutht, pre-1700 utowth, pre-1700 uttouth, pre-1700 uttouthe, pre-1700 ututh, pre-1700 vteuche, pre-1700 vteuiht, pre-1700 vteuth, pre-1700 vthout, pre-1700 vthoutht, pre-1700 vtith, pre-1700 vtoth, pre-1700 vtout, pre-1700 vtouth, pre-1700 vtouthe, pre-1700 vtoutht, pre-1700 vtteuche, pre-1700 vttuth, pre-1700 vtuth, pre-1700 vtuthe, pre-1700 wtouth, pre-1700 wtouthe, pre-1700 wttoth, pre-1700 wtuth, 1900s– oot'ith.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 otow, pre-1700 outow, pre-1700 outtow, pre-1700 owtto, pre-1700 owttow, pre-1700 utew, pre-1700 vthow, pre-1700 vtow, pre-1700 wtew, pre-1700 wthew, pre-1700 wtow.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: out adv., with prep.
Etymology: < out adv. + with prep. Compare inwith prep., adv., and n., and earlier without adv., prep., conj., and n.The β. forms apparently show loss of w- , but in some instances the vowel is not easily explained (perhaps compare Older Scots outh above, on top of); the γ. forms are apparently reduced from the β. forms. N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (ɑu·tˌwiþ) /ˈaʊtwɪθ/.
Now chiefly Scottish.
A. prep.
1. Outside.
a. In a position or place outside of; situated or located outside of; beyond. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13116 Ȝho wat þatt ut wiþþ crisstenn dom Niss nohht tatt crist maȝȝ cwemenn.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 2316 (MED) Þe king..bihefden hire utewið þe barren of þe burhe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20921 (MED) Birid his bod was þat tide Vt-wit þe toun apon þe est side.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 317 The fundament enlarge hit half a foote Outwith the wough.
a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 7278 (MED) In Rome a monk ther was in sain Laurence abbay dwellyng outwith the walles of that cite.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. vii. f. 29/2 Takin vtouth thair munitionis.
1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. ii. sig. D5 Iesus Christ..out-with whome there is nather comfort nor consolatioun.
1640 Bk. War Comm. Covenanters 133 The awners quhairof are outwith the kingdome.
1735 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. (at cited word) Putting the Salt on board the Lighters, outwith the Supercargo's Presence.
1875 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 10 286 It is only probable that outwith this row there had been an outer course of piles.
1885 Law Rep.: Appeal Cases 10 457 Any Court or tribunal outwith Scotland.
1947 H. Farmer Hist. Mus. Scotl. 216 In music, there was but one name, John Abell (d. 1724), and he gained his fame outwith Scotland, to use the appropriate Scots word.
1972 G. Henderson Early Medieval vi. 232 Outwith history painting the image of the crucified Christ, as an evocation of the Passion and redemption, was slow to make itself felt.
1999 I. Rankin Dead Souls xvi. 124 All at once he'd wanted to buy a place there, but it had been too isolated for his wife—and outwith their means anyway.
b. To a position or place outside of; out or away from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > out of [preposition]
out ofeOE
withoutc1000
outc1300
outwitha1400
utouthc1480
forth of1513
forth1567
a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 1111 (MED) Tytus after a tyme vmbe þe toun redeþ [read rideþ] Wyþ sixty speres of þe sege, segges a fewe, Alle outwith [v.r. a wey fro] þe ost.
c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 1104 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 474 Þe tyrand gert hir furth be had outhouth þe ȝeittis of þe cite.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) viii. 90 He but suerd his wayis raid Weill otowth [1487 otow; 1616 outwith] thaim.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) viii. 448 Rycht as thai wald to Lanark far, Owtouth [1487 St. J. Cambr. Otow] quhar the enbuschyt war.
1553–4 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 155 Thai sall nocht evaid nor eschaip owtwith this burcht of Edinburch.
1705 in Aberdeen Jrnl. Notes & Queries (1909) 2 309/1 It shall be leisum to them..to take themselves outwith the family.
1958 Times 5 Dec. 8/7 Their value may also extend outwith the narrow sphere of medicine.
2001 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 21 July 3/1 People who were..talking on mobile phones without realising they were moving outwith lane markings..were..subjected to warnings.
2. Beyond (a specified time or period).
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10346 (MED) Yitt samuel..And sampson..Bath þam bar tua wimmen geld Þat vte-wit birth o barn was teld.
1479 Act. Dom. Conc. 36/2 Gif ony personis..before or eftir, vtwith þe said iiij yeris [etc.].
a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 72 Outwith tymes customable to ete & drink.
c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 272 Tuesday, recent spuilȝies outwith the time of vacance.
1978 Dumfries & Galloway Standard 21 Oct. 1/8 Attempts might be made..to promote the greater use of existing static caravan sites outwith the July/August period.
1998 Stornoway Gaz. 31 Dec. 11/6 On Christmas Day and outwith these hours, arrangements to have urgent prescriptions dispensed may be made by 'phoning 701472.
2000 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 7 Oct. 12 Strict conditions have been imposed by planners to ensure no deliveries outwith those hours.
B. adv.
1. On the outside; outside; out and about; outwardly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > on the outside
outwardOE
withoutc1000
outwithc1225
withoutforthc1380
outc1390
utouth1398
outwardsc1429
outwardlyc1432
withoutside1578
exogenously1879
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 569 Hit ne fareð nawt swa, as weneð þet sið utewið.
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 186 Ihesu crist..was nout out-wiþ so cler bote wiþ-inne he was clene.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 969 (MED) Vtwyth to se þat clene cloystor Þou may, bot inwyth not a fote.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6669 (MED) Þe wikked sal outwith be glowand Thurgh hete..And with-in thurgh calde sharpe and kene, Als yse.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 196 (MED) Þe hyure þat þe fest ys, þe holyure most a prist be; þat ys, mor bysely serue his God, not only owtewyþ wyth sayng, but also ynwyth wyth holy thynkyng.
c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Mark iii. 32 Thi modere and thi brethire out~with seekis thee.
c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 90 That thair interpryse sould nather be devulgat in the toune nor outwith [ed. 1804 outewith].
1895 Caledonia 1 433 Bein' a hantle ootwith an' hearin' the maist o' fouk's stories.
1972 Oxf. Times 7 July 10/6 When we get a Minister of Transport with the courage to impose a 15 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas and a 45 m.p.h. limit outwith, only then will there be a decrease in casualties on our roads.
1990 T. McEwen McX (1991) ii. 60 It [sc. this room] is not of the castle but of the glens and hills and cottages outwith.
2. To the outside, out of doors; outwards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards
outwith?c1225
outwardly1562
outgate1590
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 134 Holdeð ow feste inne..þe bodi..& þe heorte..For beo ha bitreped utewið. nis þer bute leade forð towart þe galcforke.
1532 in Facsimiles National MSS Scotl. (1871) III. xx [The advocate to] pas outwyth wyth the party.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 12201 This Ulixes..vtwith aunterit hym neuer With no course for to come, as a knight shuld.
1701 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1908) IV. 321 To determine and mark out to him how far he is to come outwith.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 78 Colin her father, who had outwith gane.
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xli. 290 The two being..only ‘freens fae the teeth ootwuth’.
c1930 Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. (at cited word) [Aberdeenshire] Tak that trash awa' oot'ith a bit, an' burn't.
2020 J. P. Spence in Herald (Glasgow) 31 Oct. 16/6 As oo gan ootwith Masks wull look efter uz Beyond Halloween.
C. adj.
Outward, external. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective]
outwardeOE
outwithc1225
outa1300
outermorea1425
withoutforthc1503
exterial1528
outforth?1541
butc1570
exterior1570
extrinsical1594
extrinsic1613
externala1616
outside1634
exoteric1662
extern1666
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 637 (MED) Nis ha nawt i claðes, ne i feahunge utewið, þah hit beo merke þrof, & makunge oðer hwiles.
a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 185 (MED) Nis nan blisse soþes inan þing þet is utewið þet ne beo to bitter aboht.
c1400 Talkyng of Love of God (Simeon) (1950) 4 (MED) Nis no blisse otewiþ þat hit nis to deore a bouȝt, As hony þat me likkeþ on prikkynde þornes.
c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 316 (MED) Thre maners of Ocupaciouns es owtwith, als in sere Ianglyng & mekill, in vtwith raykyng, & in mekill traualynge abowte werldly thynges.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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prep.adv.adj.c1175
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