overheadadv.n.adj.

(in sense A., sense B. 2a, and sense C.)Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈhɛd/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈhɛd/ (in sense B., except sense B. 2a)Brit.

/ˈəʊvəhɛd/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvərˌ(h)ɛd/

Forms: see over prep. and head n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: over prep., head n.¹

Etymology: < over prep. + head n.¹ With sense A. 1 compare Middle High German überhoubet (German überhaupt ). With sense A. 3 compare heels over head at heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 3a.

A. adv.

†a. In each case; one with another, together. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb]

overheadOE

generally1340

overalla1393

largelya1398

altogether1566

roundly1584

liberally1708

broadly1856

überhaupt1875

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb]

together707

to-samec893

midOE

samedOE

samenc975

samenlya1300

in blanda1400

overhead?a1425

ensemblec1440

togethers1440

collectively1597

totally1676

collectedlya1687

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ii. 190 Þæt ælc man oferheafod sceolde cennan his gebyrde.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 119 (MED) Þe emperours childer wendez togyder in a company, and þaire men menged owerheued.

b. Scottish. Taken together, overall; on average; for the most part. Frequently in accounts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] > all taken collectively

whollyc1330

generallyc1350

riff and raff?a1400

overhead1483

collectively1597

accumulatively1645

aggregately1660

complexly1660

collectedlya1687

together1849

1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxxiii xiiij^xx of scheip, and of tha vij^xx yowis and the remanent yeld scheip, the price of the pece ourheid iiij s. vj d.

1504–6 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 89 xxvj elne carsay blew, rede, quhit and ȝallow;..ilk elne iiijs. viijd. our hede.

1547 in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) xxiv. 312 xxxij score viij sheep, price of the piece overheid.

1583 Douglas Bequest (Edinb. Reg. House) 24 May in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 222/1 Pryce of the boill ovarhaid xl s.

1605 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 237 That thair be na waillit killing in the boit and all sauld ovirheid.

1673 Ct. Bk. Barony Argaty 10 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 222/1 Anent the clame..for six firlottis meall and ane boll bear..to pey six pund for ilk boll meall and boll beir overheid.

1701 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 289 To Jon patersone, shoemaker, for 2 pair shoos to my selfe, a pair to william at 2 lib 8 sh the pair over heid.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 516 The rent, over-head..was under 1s. 6d. per acre.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. i. 24 Just a Scots pint over-head..and no man ever saw them the waur o't.

1895 J. Tweeddale Moff iii. 35 For what think ye I made ower heid for my knowte?.. Exactly fourteen and six aboon the highest guess.

1923 R. L. Cassie Heid or Hert xiv The fairmers, a' ower-heid, war rael weel pleased.

a. Above one's head; aloft; in the air or sky, esp. directly above the observer; on the floor or storey above. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(a)(i).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb] > overhead

over a person's headOE

abovea1225

overheada1398

above-head1548

overtop1776

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. 499 Cenith is iclepid ‘a streiȝt sittynge ouerhede’.

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 1425 (MED) Ha prevely men sent To an herre hil..of the busshement Aboue her hed..Thei be aferd, and sech away to fle, When ouer hede [L. supra caput] and in the frount thei se.

1532 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 109 Tymber owerhedde, as rafters and lathes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X^v The roofe hereof was arched ouer head.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 23 Here is a dainty fine shippen..and hay overhead.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 784 Over head the Moon Sits Arbitress, and neerer to the Earth Wheels her pale course.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 485 A very large Bridge, that is all made of Wood, and coped over Head, like the rest in Switzerland.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Compas renversé Compas renversé, a swinging compass whose face is downwards; it is..hung over-head in the..cabin.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge viii. 121 A faint distant strain of solemn music seemed now to float over head.

1852 H. W. Dulcken tr. I. L. Pfeiffer Visit Holy Land, Egypt, & Italy i. 29 We..embarked on a new craft..which is only covered in overhead, and is open on all sides.

1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan ii. i. 49 Like the merle That sees a gled o'erhead.

1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room viii. 145 The rooks of Gray's Inn passing overhead.

1985 P. Auster N.Y. Trilogy (1988) i. ix. 73 Overhead, in the branches of the trees, a breeze continued to blow.

†b. So as to be completely submerged or immersed. Also figurative. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(d)(i). Obsolete.†over head and ears: see head n.¹ Phrases 3e(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adverb] > up to specific depth

over (the) shoes1518

over-shoes1579

ankle-deep1597

overhead1631

neck-deepa1804

nave-deep1882

1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 73 Such..speeches are but as so many catches and scrablings of a Man over head in water.

1653 R. Baxter Worcester-shire Petition 35 That silly women shall be dipt over head in a Gumble-stool for scolding?

1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 110 Her Husband was over-head in Debt.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vii. 69 [They thought] it indecent to plunge persons over-head in water.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. v. 20 This standing overhead within a grave Hath made me colder than an icicle.

1859 F. W. Faber Spiritual Conf. vii. 297 It is only when we are sinking overhead in His mercy, that unworthiness does not impair our confidence.

†3. Headlong, precipitately. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adverb] > hastily or hurriedly > foolishly or recklessly

belly-flaughtc1375

headlinga1398

headlingsc1400

hastilyc1405

hastlyc1425

overheadc1440

headilya1500

headlongc1500

ahead1530

headlongsc1540

precipitately1615

precipitantly1642

precipitously1646

precipitiously1653

splash-dash1807

ram-stam1808

rum-strum1827

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2110 (MED) Bott ȝitte þe hathelieste on hy, haythen and oþer, All hoursches ouer hede, harmes to wyrke.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) 140 in Shorter Poems (1967) 18 That vgly flude..Rynnand ouerhed [1579 Edinb. ouirheid]..That it had byn a ryuer naturall.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 77 Quhat mischeif befallis them that runes owerheid to ony porpois witht out regaird or foirsight to god or man.

†4. So as to elapse or pass by; only in to pass over head. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(c). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1576 A. Fleming tr. Sulpicius in Panoplie Epist. 24 Persuade your self..that her uttermost houre passed over head.

1620 tr. Declar. Causes Frederick of Bohemia 8 There hath..many Monthes passed ouer head, during which time, the enemy hath not ceased to [etc.].

a1689 J. Reresby Mem. (1734) 198 His Lordship..said It would be but Discretion to let two or three Months pass over-head, before I pressed Matters too much.

B. n.

†1. Fencing. Apparently: a blow over or from above the head. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > actions

buttc1330

overheadc1400

stopc1450

quarter-strokea1456

rabbeta1500

rakea1500

traverse1547

flourish1552

quarter-blow1555

veny1578

alarm1579

venue1591

cut1593

time1594

caricado1595

fincture1595

imbroccata1595

mandritta1595

punta riversa1595

remove1595

stramazon1595

traversa1595

imbrocado1597

passado1597

counter-time1598

foinery1598

canvasado1601

montant1601

punto1601

stock1602

embrocadoc1604

pass1604

stuck1604

stramazo1606

home thrust1622

longee1625

falsify?1635

false1637

traversion1637

canvassa1641

parade1652

flanconade1664

parry1673

fore-stroke1674

allonge1675

contretemps1684

counter1684

disengaging1684

feint1684

passing1687

under-counter1687

stringere1688

stringering1688

tempo1688

volte1688

overlapping1692

repost1692

volt-coupe1692

volting1692

disarm?1700

stamp1705

passade1706

riposte1707

swoop1711

retreat1734

lunge1748

beat1753

disengage1771

disengagement1771

opposition1771

time thrust1771

timing1771

whip1771

shifting1793

one-two1809

one-two-three1809

salute1809

estramazone1820

remise1823

engage1833

engaging1833

risposta1838

lunging1847

moulinet1861

reprise1861

stop-thrust1861

engagement1881

coupé1889

scrape1889

time attack1889

traverse1892

cut-over1897

tac-au-tac riposte1907

flèche1928

replacement1933

punta dritta1961

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7390 (MED) Wel hij fiȝtten on þe pleyn, Wiþ tresget, wiþ reremeyn, Wiþ ouerheued and wiþ stook.

a. The sky, the firmament.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun]

roofeOE

welkinc825

heaveneOE

heightOE

heavenOE

liftOE

loftOE

welkin1122

skies?a1289

firmamentc1290

skewa1300

spherea1300

skewsc1320

hemispherec1374

cope of heavenc1380

clouda1400

skya1425

elementc1485

axle-treea1522

scrowc1540

pole1572

horizona1577

vaulta1586

round?1593

the cope1596

pend1599

floor1600

canopy1604

cope1609

expansion1611

concameration1625

convex1627

concave1635

expansum1635

blue1647

the expanse1667

blue blanket1726

empyrean1727

carry1788

span1803

overhead1865

1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 151 The grass was red And long, the trees were colour'd, but the o'er-head, Milky and dark, with an attuning stress Controll'd them to a grey-green temperateness.

1911 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 79/1 It forms a handy guide, philosopher, and friend to the vast unfathomable overhead.

1959 E. Collier Three against Wilderness i. 8 Live sparks rocketed up into the smoky overhead.

1990 Aviation News 3 Aug. 256/4 An air intercept routine..began with one example departing on dry thrust into a climbing turn while the other followed with re-heat to meet head on in the overhead.

b. U.S. Navy. A ceiling, a roof.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [noun]

roofeOE

firstOE

first-roofOE

silour1424

siling1483

ceiling1535

loftingc1540

loft1596

floor1600

plafond1664

top1709

ceil1840

planchment1874

laquearia1922

overhead1942

1942 F. R. Meyer Fighting Talk Overhead, ceiling.

1950 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 9/4 He tells of measures to ‘make life less unnatural’ aboard submarines. Among the latest developments along this line are air-conditioning and overheads (navy for ceilings) painted to resemble the sky.

1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vii. 115 Sorry, force of habit. Navy usage. I'm liable to call your floor a deck, stairs a ladder, ceiling an overhead, and so forth.

c. North American regional. A loft.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > upper room or loft

sollarc897

roostOE

loftc1385

cellara1400

roofc1405

garret1483

solier1483

hall of stage1485

coploft1571

cockloftc1580

tallet1586

cotloft1642

chamber1644

kitchen loft1648

vance-roof1655

sky-parlour1777

attic1818

soleret1851

overhead1949

dormer room1951

1949 H. Kurath Word Geogr. Eastern U.S. 53 In most of Pennsylvannia the loft is called the overhead.

1954 Jrnl. Canad. Ling. Assoc. Oct. 15 The Ontario word is also commonly found in the Midland speech area..along with..overhead (barn loft).

1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 16 When it came to attic or garret..this same informant reported that common terms were the up-the-stairs, the overhead.

d. A compartment above the seats on an aircraft used to stow passengers' carry-on luggage and other personal items. Cf. sense C. 1b.

ΚΠ

1996 N.Y. Times 25 June b11/3 It [sc. the gun] was..discovered..before it was placed in the overhead.

1998 Washington Post 5 June 81/2 It [sc. the camera case]..fits perfectly in the overhead of virtually all airliners.

2010 T. Gunn Gunn's Golden Rules 110 I'm going to need help putting this in the overhead.

†3. In plural. A grade of flour. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > coarse flour left in sieve

after-lodginga1642

overheads1879

1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 345/2 Flour... Overheads or coarse flour... Fine thirds... Thirds... Bran.

1890 R. Wells Bread & Biscuit Baker's & Sugar-boiler's Assistant ix Coarse flour (or ‘overheads,’ as it is generally called in the south of Scotland) is the cheapest grade of flour made.

a. An overhead cost or expense. Frequently in plural: such costs or expenses collectively. See sense C. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > overhead

overhead1907

oncost1912

1907 Daily Chron. 26 July 2/6 No increase in current consumption as compared with the overhead.

1922 Public Opinion 29 Dec. 629/2 We are able to reduce overheads through the employment of far more automatic machinery.

1954 Encounter Dec. 79/1 The two million families..are the enemies of the workers in the modern sectors of the French economy. Their overhead is more than the traffic will bear.

1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) ii. 33 Bill knows that his overheads will vary from month to month.

b. Computing. Any of the operations of a computer that facilitate and support its processing function, but are not themselves part of that function. Also: the time and (additional) memory capacity required to carry out such operations.

ΚΠ

1966 E. G. Coffman Stochastic Models of Multiple & Time-shared Computer Operations Pref. p. vii Associated with the round-robin procedure..there exists an ‘overhead’ cost incurred in the loading and unloading of programs on and off the computer.

1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 199/1 A possible objection to the use of streams might be that the overheads associated with their structure make them excessively inefficient.

1993 UnixWorld Feb. 102/1 You only need the overhead of a protected-mode program when your program gets large.

5. Tennis. An overhead stroke.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > types of stroke

service1611

serving1688

screw1865

cut1874

cutting service1874

boast1878

first serve1878

smash1882

twister1884

cross-shot1889

lob1890

ground stroke1895

lob ball1900

twist service1901

boasting1902

cross-volley1905

get1911

chop1913

forehander1922

kick serve1925

forehand1934

touch shot1936

dink1939

net shot1961

overhead1964

groundie1967

slice1969

moonball1975

moonballing1977

1964 Times 4 June 5/1 Miss Starkie had a bad day, notably with her service and overheads.

1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 108 He slashes, he wheels, he whaps an easy overhead into the net.

1991 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. b23/4 The tennis courts are shaded by cypress groves and enlivened by portable radios that blare rock music as the residents..tune up endless overheads and passing shots.

a. = overhead projector n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for projecting image > [noun] > projector

projectora1884

overhead1974

1974 H. L. Foster Ribbin', Jivin', & Playin' Dozens vii. 311 We thought of putting the words on the overhead.

1996 Univ. Vermont Rec. 13 Sept. 6/3 ‘In the classroom, Jeffrey emits a powerful charge,’ according to a former student. ‘He's not the kind of person who stands there by the overhead,’ says another.

b. = overhead transparency n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 27 Dec. b5 Prepared quality visuals—such as overheads, slides or flip charts.

1995 New Scientist 15 Apr. 48/2 We learnt to check that our overheads were legible, that the projector was set up and plugged in, and that there was somewhere to put the used slides.

2000 N.Y. Times 18 Oct. g1/4 I also produce slides or overheads for marketing presentations for customers.

C. adj.

a. Placed or situated overhead, or at a distance above the ground. Also (of a driving mechanism): situated above the object driven; (of a machine) having such a mechanism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > situated overhead

overhead1682

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [adjective] > other

overhead1682

step by step1803

belt-tightening1873

throw-out1883

planetary1904

preselective1925

silky1935

servomechanical1946

servoing1959

switched1962

quartz-locked1977

1682 J. Locke in J. Locke & E. Clarke Corr. (1927) 86 Pray give my humble service to your overhead neighbour.

1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 45 I sat contemplating the figures wild Of o'er-head clouds melting the mirror through.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1585/1 Overhead-gear, driving-gear above the object driven... Overhead Steam-engine, an engine in which the cylinder is above the crank, the thrust motion being downward.

1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings 36 I awoke to the roar of engines, followed by an overhead drone as a party of bombers circled round until they were ready to start.

1989 Intercity Feb. 8/4 The queueing area is separated from the sales area by a different floor finish and an overhead canopy.

b. spec. Designating a compartment above the seats on an aircraft used to stow passengers' carry-on luggage and other personal items.

ΚΠ

1966 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. 85/1 Opinions were..sought on a proposed lounge in the plane's nose area,..and walk-in rather than overhead storage for coats and luggage.

1969 Washington Post 2 June a10/2 (advt.) By installing an overhead locker..you've a place, right above you, for all the things that usually crowd your legs or share the seat with you.

1974 Times 12 Feb. 18/1 Overhead compartments are fitted in which holidaymakers can stow their souvenirs.

2012 J. Thayil Narcopolis iii. xi. 224 On the plane, I threw my carry-on into the overhead bin.

2. Chiefly Scottish. Overall; average. Cf. sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective]

generalc1230

commona1400

overhead1875

all-over1894

across the board1945

1875 W. Alexander Sketches Life among Ain Folk 105 Sandy would loudly declare that he had offered less for what formed really ‘the pick’ of the lot than the average ‘owreheid’ price to himself.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 3/3 An over~head charge of so much per ton [for parcels] leaving Euston.

1947 T. M. Cooper Regiam Majestatem 27 The amicabilis compositor..aided parties to adjust an overhead settlement of outstanding differences.

a. Tennis, Badminton, etc. Of a stroke: made with the racket above one's head.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [adjective] > types of stroke or ball

unreturnable1740

boasted1878

volleyed1878

overhand1881

back-handed1889

forehand1889

forehanded1889

Lawford1893

overhead1904

undercut1920

kicking1924

overarm1929

two-fisted1960

sliced1971

inside-out1977

inside-in1999

1904 J. P. Paret Lawn Tennis 345 Overhead, with the racket above the head.

1919 C. Hierons Lawn Tennis xiv. 61 In overhead volleying there is far too much pat ball.

1974 R. J. Mills & E. Butler Tackle Badminton iv. 36 Be able to get back quickly enough to hit any high serves down with an overhead shot.

1992 Tennis Apr. 28/2 It is usually best to..hit it with a regular overhead smash.

b. Sport. Of a kick, lift, blow, etc.: performed in, into, or from the air, esp. directly above the head.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [adjective] > other actions or types of play

short1545

standing1728

unpenetrative1795

loose1802

scratched1869

cannonball1872

scratchy1881

punishable1910

wrong-footing1928

open1934

overhead1938

power1959

run-and-gun1960

tight1961

1938 Daily Express in B. James Eng. v Scotl. (1969) vii. 159 An overhead kick by Hapgood, that goes the wrong way.

1961 Muscle Power Nov. 18 (caption) Overhead Press—body straight with no back-bend.

1992 Martial Arts Illustr. 2 July 47/3 A right overhead club attack.

4. Of costs or expenses: incurred in the upkeep or running of a plant, premises, or business, and not attributable to individual products or items.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [adjective] > types of cost or expenditure

incident1652

incidental1740

sunk1771

sumptuary1796

indirect1903

oncost1908

overhead1909

all-up1942

pass-through1952

internalized1971

1909 J. L. Nicholson Factory Organization & Costs i. 7 The distribution of manufacturing expenses, sometimes called overhead charges, and in other instances, indirect expense or burden.

1958 J. F. Magee Production Planning & Inventory Control iii. 26 Under absorption costing, the value includes not only direct costs but also allocated overhead charges (usually only factory overhead).

1984 D. G. Bew in C. A. Heaton Introd. Industr. Chem. iv. 111 Overhead or general charges cover those items not associated with any particular product or process but which are an essential part of the functioning of an individual site or a whole company.

Compounds

overhead camshaft n. a camshaft mounted above the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine; also overhead cam.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > cam-shafts

overhead camshaft1912

1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. iii. 42 One of the principal objections to overhead valves in the past was the difficulty of driving an overhead camshaft... With the introduction of silent chain drives for camshafts these difficulties no longer exist.

1986 Philadelphia Inquirer 11 July c22/3 It is a deep-breathing cast aluminium affair that features four valves to each cylinder, electronic fuel-injection and a belt-driven overhead cam on each cylinder bank.

overhead projector n. a projector, used esp. for educational purposes, which projects an image from a horizontally positioned transparency on to a vertical screen by means of light passed upwards through the transparency and then through lenses mounted above it; abbreviated OHP.

ΚΠ

1954 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 19 707/1 The experimenter operated a Vu-Graph overhead projector.

1992 Chicago Tribune 12 Nov. i. 3/3 (caption) Using an overhead projector and a transparency filled with equations, Yue Chen..discusses the decomposition of quark models.

overhead transparency n. a sheet of acetate film containing an image for projection by an overhead projector.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film

film negative1871

roll1889

roll film1895

reversal film1929

colour film1930

lenticular film1934

pan1940

test strip1940

flat film1950

integral tripack1953

lith1955

overhead transparency1966

1966 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 80 U13/1 (advt.) Overhead transparencies.

1993 MacUser Oct. 47/1 Astound also makes an excellent static-presentation program. It can create overhead transparencies.

overhead valve n. a valve in an internal combustion engine which has its seat in the top of the combustion chamber, in the surface opposite the piston.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > valves

side valve1886

cutout1905

sleeve-valve1910

overhead valve1921

1921 A. W. Judge Automobile & Aircraft Engines viii. 316 Another reason for the better volumetric efficiency of the overhead valve lies in the fact that [etc.].

1991 News Jrnl. (Washington, Delaware) 15 Aug. a10 (advt.) Lawn & Garden Tractors..12-H.P. overhead valve engine..5-speed forward Peerless transaxle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overhead
释义	overheadadv.n.adj. (in sense A., sense B. 2a, and sense C.)Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈhɛd/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈhɛd/ (in sense B., except sense B. 2a)Brit. /ˈəʊvəhɛd/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌ(h)ɛd/ Forms: see over prep. and head n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: over prep., head n.¹ Etymology: < over prep. + head n.¹ With sense A. 1 compare Middle High German überhoubet (German überhaupt ). With sense A. 3 compare heels over head at heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 3a. A. adv. 1. †a. In each case; one with another, together. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb] overheadOE generally1340 overalla1393 largelya1398 altogether1566 roundly1584 liberally1708 broadly1856 überhaupt1875 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adverb] together707 to-samec893 midOE samedOE samenc975 samenlya1300 in blanda1400 overhead?a1425 ensemblec1440 togethers1440 collectively1597 totally1676 collectedlya1687 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ii. 190 Þæt ælc man oferheafod sceolde cennan his gebyrde. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 119 (MED) Þe emperours childer wendez togyder in a company, and þaire men menged owerheued. b. Scottish. Taken together, overall; on average; for the most part. Frequently in accounts. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] > all taken collectively whollyc1330 generallyc1350 riff and raff?a1400 overhead1483 collectively1597 accumulatively1645 aggregately1660 complexly1660 collectedlya1687 together1849 1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxxiii xiiij^xx of scheip, and of tha vij^xx yowis and the remanent yeld scheip, the price of the pece ourheid iiij s. vj d. 1504–6 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 89 xxvj elne carsay blew, rede, quhit and ȝallow;..ilk elne iiijs. viijd. our hede. 1547 in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) xxiv. 312 xxxij score viij sheep, price of the piece overheid. 1583 Douglas Bequest (Edinb. Reg. House) 24 May in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 222/1 Pryce of the boill ovarhaid xl s. 1605 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 237 That thair be na waillit killing in the boit and all sauld ovirheid. 1673 Ct. Bk. Barony Argaty 10 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 222/1 Anent the clame..for six firlottis meall and ane boll bear..to pey six pund for ilk boll meall and boll beir overheid. 1701 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 289 To Jon patersone, shoemaker, for 2 pair shoos to my selfe, a pair to william at 2 lib 8 sh the pair over heid. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 516 The rent, over-head..was under 1s. 6d. per acre. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. i. 24 Just a Scots pint over-head..and no man ever saw them the waur o't. 1895 J. Tweeddale Moff iii. 35 For what think ye I made ower heid for my knowte?.. Exactly fourteen and six aboon the highest guess. 1923 R. L. Cassie Heid or Hert xiv The fairmers, a' ower-heid, war rael weel pleased. 2. a. Above one's head; aloft; in the air or sky, esp. directly above the observer; on the floor or storey above. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(a)(i). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [adverb] > overhead over a person's headOE abovea1225 overheada1398 above-head1548 overtop1776 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. 499 Cenith is iclepid ‘a streiȝt sittynge ouerhede’. a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 1425 (MED) Ha prevely men sent To an herre hil..of the busshement Aboue her hed..Thei be aferd, and sech away to fle, When ouer hede [L. supra caput] and in the frount thei se. 1532 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 109 Tymber owerhedde, as rafters and lathes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X^v The roofe hereof was arched ouer head. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 23 Here is a dainty fine shippen..and hay overhead. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 784 Over head the Moon Sits Arbitress, and neerer to the Earth Wheels her pale course. View more context for this quotation 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 485 A very large Bridge, that is all made of Wood, and coped over Head, like the rest in Switzerland. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Compas renversé Compas renversé, a swinging compass whose face is downwards; it is..hung over-head in the..cabin. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge viii. 121 A faint distant strain of solemn music seemed now to float over head. 1852 H. W. Dulcken tr. I. L. Pfeiffer Visit Holy Land, Egypt, & Italy i. 29 We..embarked on a new craft..which is only covered in overhead, and is open on all sides. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan ii. i. 49 Like the merle That sees a gled o'erhead. 1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room viii. 145 The rooks of Gray's Inn passing overhead. 1985 P. Auster N.Y. Trilogy (1988) i. ix. 73 Overhead, in the branches of the trees, a breeze continued to blow. †b. So as to be completely submerged or immersed. Also figurative. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(d)(i). Obsolete.†over head and ears: see head n.¹ Phrases 3e(a). ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adverb] > up to specific depth over (the) shoes1518 over-shoes1579 ankle-deep1597 overhead1631 neck-deepa1804 nave-deep1882 1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 73 Such..speeches are but as so many catches and scrablings of a Man over head in water. 1653 R. Baxter Worcester-shire Petition 35 That silly women shall be dipt over head in a Gumble-stool for scolding? 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 110 Her Husband was over-head in Debt. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vii. 69 [They thought] it indecent to plunge persons over-head in water. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. v. 20 This standing overhead within a grave Hath made me colder than an icicle. 1859 F. W. Faber Spiritual Conf. vii. 297 It is only when we are sinking overhead in His mercy, that unworthiness does not impair our confidence. †3. Headlong, precipitately. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adverb] > hastily or hurriedly > foolishly or recklessly belly-flaughtc1375 headlinga1398 headlingsc1400 hastilyc1405 hastlyc1425 overheadc1440 headilya1500 headlongc1500 ahead1530 headlongsc1540 precipitately1615 precipitantly1642 precipitously1646 precipitiously1653 splash-dash1807 ram-stam1808 rum-strum1827 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2110 (MED) Bott ȝitte þe hathelieste on hy, haythen and oþer, All hoursches ouer hede, harmes to wyrke. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) 140 in Shorter Poems (1967) 18 That vgly flude..Rynnand ouerhed [1579 Edinb. ouirheid]..That it had byn a ryuer naturall. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 77 Quhat mischeif befallis them that runes owerheid to ony porpois witht out regaird or foirsight to god or man. †4. So as to elapse or pass by; only in to pass over head. Cf. head n.¹ Phrases 1k(c). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1576 A. Fleming tr. Sulpicius in Panoplie Epist. 24 Persuade your self..that her uttermost houre passed over head. 1620 tr. Declar. Causes Frederick of Bohemia 8 There hath..many Monthes passed ouer head, during which time, the enemy hath not ceased to [etc.]. a1689 J. Reresby Mem. (1734) 198 His Lordship..said It would be but Discretion to let two or three Months pass over-head, before I pressed Matters too much. B. n. †1. Fencing. Apparently: a blow over or from above the head. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > actions buttc1330 overheadc1400 stopc1450 quarter-strokea1456 rabbeta1500 rakea1500 traverse1547 flourish1552 quarter-blow1555 veny1578 alarm1579 venue1591 cut1593 time1594 caricado1595 fincture1595 imbroccata1595 mandritta1595 punta riversa1595 remove1595 stramazon1595 traversa1595 imbrocado1597 passado1597 counter-time1598 foinery1598 canvasado1601 montant1601 punto1601 stock1602 embrocadoc1604 pass1604 stuck1604 stramazo1606 home thrust1622 longee1625 falsify?1635 false1637 traversion1637 canvassa1641 parade1652 flanconade1664 parry1673 fore-stroke1674 allonge1675 contretemps1684 counter1684 disengaging1684 feint1684 passing1687 under-counter1687 stringere1688 stringering1688 tempo1688 volte1688 overlapping1692 repost1692 volt-coupe1692 volting1692 disarm?1700 stamp1705 passade1706 riposte1707 swoop1711 retreat1734 lunge1748 beat1753 disengage1771 disengagement1771 opposition1771 time thrust1771 timing1771 whip1771 shifting1793 one-two1809 one-two-three1809 salute1809 estramazone1820 remise1823 engage1833 engaging1833 risposta1838 lunging1847 moulinet1861 reprise1861 stop-thrust1861 engagement1881 coupé1889 scrape1889 time attack1889 traverse1892 cut-over1897 tac-au-tac riposte1907 flèche1928 replacement1933 punta dritta1961 c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7390 (MED) Wel hij fiȝtten on þe pleyn, Wiþ tresget, wiþ reremeyn, Wiþ ouerheued and wiþ stook. 2. a. The sky, the firmament. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 151 The grass was red And long, the trees were colour'd, but the o'er-head, Milky and dark, with an attuning stress Controll'd them to a grey-green temperateness. 1911 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 79/1 It forms a handy guide, philosopher, and friend to the vast unfathomable overhead. 1959 E. Collier Three against Wilderness i. 8 Live sparks rocketed up into the smoky overhead. 1990 Aviation News 3 Aug. 256/4 An air intercept routine..began with one example departing on dry thrust into a climbing turn while the other followed with re-heat to meet head on in the overhead. b. U.S. Navy. A ceiling, a roof. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [noun] roofeOE firstOE first-roofOE silour1424 siling1483 ceiling1535 loftingc1540 loft1596 floor1600 plafond1664 top1709 ceil1840 planchment1874 laquearia1922 overhead1942 1942 F. R. Meyer Fighting Talk Overhead, ceiling. 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 9/4 He tells of measures to ‘make life less unnatural’ aboard submarines. Among the latest developments along this line are air-conditioning and overheads (navy for ceilings) painted to resemble the sky. 1990 G. G. Liddy Monkey Handlers vii. 115 Sorry, force of habit. Navy usage. I'm liable to call your floor a deck, stairs a ladder, ceiling an overhead, and so forth. c. North American regional. A loft. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > upper room or loft sollarc897 roostOE loftc1385 cellara1400 roofc1405 garret1483 solier1483 hall of stage1485 coploft1571 cockloftc1580 tallet1586 cotloft1642 chamber1644 kitchen loft1648 vance-roof1655 sky-parlour1777 attic1818 soleret1851 overhead1949 dormer room1951 1949 H. Kurath Word Geogr. Eastern U.S. 53 In most of Pennsylvannia the loft is called the overhead. 1954 Jrnl. Canad. Ling. Assoc. Oct. 15 The Ontario word is also commonly found in the Midland speech area..along with..overhead (barn loft). 1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 16 When it came to attic or garret..this same informant reported that common terms were the up-the-stairs, the overhead. d. A compartment above the seats on an aircraft used to stow passengers' carry-on luggage and other personal items. Cf. sense C. 1b. ΚΠ 1996 N.Y. Times 25 June b11/3 It [sc. the gun] was..discovered..before it was placed in the overhead. 1998 Washington Post 5 June 81/2 It [sc. the camera case]..fits perfectly in the overhead of virtually all airliners. 2010 T. Gunn Gunn's Golden Rules 110 I'm going to need help putting this in the overhead. †3. In plural. A grade of flour. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > coarse flour left in sieve after-lodginga1642 overheads1879 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 345/2 Flour... Overheads or coarse flour... Fine thirds... Thirds... Bran. 1890 R. Wells Bread & Biscuit Baker's & Sugar-boiler's Assistant ix Coarse flour (or ‘overheads,’ as it is generally called in the south of Scotland) is the cheapest grade of flour made. 4. a. An overhead cost or expense. Frequently in plural: such costs or expenses collectively. See sense C. 4. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > overhead overhead1907 oncost1912 1907 Daily Chron. 26 July 2/6 No increase in current consumption as compared with the overhead. 1922 Public Opinion 29 Dec. 629/2 We are able to reduce overheads through the employment of far more automatic machinery. 1954 Encounter Dec. 79/1 The two million families..are the enemies of the workers in the modern sectors of the French economy. Their overhead is more than the traffic will bear. 1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) ii. 33 Bill knows that his overheads will vary from month to month. b. Computing. Any of the operations of a computer that facilitate and support its processing function, but are not themselves part of that function. Also: the time and (additional) memory capacity required to carry out such operations. ΚΠ 1966 E. G. Coffman Stochastic Models of Multiple & Time-shared Computer Operations Pref. p. vii Associated with the round-robin procedure..there exists an ‘overhead’ cost incurred in the loading and unloading of programs on and off the computer. 1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 199/1 A possible objection to the use of streams might be that the overheads associated with their structure make them excessively inefficient. 1993 UnixWorld Feb. 102/1 You only need the overhead of a protected-mode program when your program gets large. 5. Tennis. An overhead stroke. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > types of stroke service1611 serving1688 screw1865 cut1874 cutting service1874 boast1878 first serve1878 smash1882 twister1884 cross-shot1889 lob1890 ground stroke1895 lob ball1900 twist service1901 boasting1902 cross-volley1905 get1911 chop1913 forehander1922 kick serve1925 forehand1934 touch shot1936 dink1939 net shot1961 overhead1964 groundie1967 slice1969 moonball1975 moonballing1977 1964 Times 4 June 5/1 Miss Starkie had a bad day, notably with her service and overheads. 1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 108 He slashes, he wheels, he whaps an easy overhead into the net. 1991 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. b23/4 The tennis courts are shaded by cypress groves and enlivened by portable radios that blare rock music as the residents..tune up endless overheads and passing shots. 6. a. = overhead projector n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for projecting image > [noun] > projector projectora1884 overhead1974 1974 H. L. Foster Ribbin', Jivin', & Playin' Dozens vii. 311 We thought of putting the words on the overhead. 1996 Univ. Vermont Rec. 13 Sept. 6/3 ‘In the classroom, Jeffrey emits a powerful charge,’ according to a former student. ‘He's not the kind of person who stands there by the overhead,’ says another. b. = overhead transparency n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 27 Dec. b5 Prepared quality visuals—such as overheads, slides or flip charts. 1995 New Scientist 15 Apr. 48/2 We learnt to check that our overheads were legible, that the projector was set up and plugged in, and that there was somewhere to put the used slides. 2000 N.Y. Times 18 Oct. g1/4 I also produce slides or overheads for marketing presentations for customers. C. adj. 1. a. Placed or situated overhead, or at a distance above the ground. Also (of a driving mechanism): situated above the object driven; (of a machine) having such a mechanism. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > situated overhead overhead1682 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [adjective] > other overhead1682 step by step1803 belt-tightening1873 throw-out1883 planetary1904 preselective1925 silky1935 servomechanical1946 servoing1959 switched1962 quartz-locked1977 1682 J. Locke in J. Locke & E. Clarke Corr. (1927) 86 Pray give my humble service to your overhead neighbour. 1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 45 I sat contemplating the figures wild Of o'er-head clouds melting the mirror through. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1585/1 Overhead-gear, driving-gear above the object driven... Overhead Steam-engine, an engine in which the cylinder is above the crank, the thrust motion being downward. 1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings 36 I awoke to the roar of engines, followed by an overhead drone as a party of bombers circled round until they were ready to start. 1989 Intercity Feb. 8/4 The queueing area is separated from the sales area by a different floor finish and an overhead canopy. b. spec. Designating a compartment above the seats on an aircraft used to stow passengers' carry-on luggage and other personal items. ΚΠ 1966 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. 85/1 Opinions were..sought on a proposed lounge in the plane's nose area,..and walk-in rather than overhead storage for coats and luggage. 1969 Washington Post 2 June a10/2 (advt.) By installing an overhead locker..you've a place, right above you, for all the things that usually crowd your legs or share the seat with you. 1974 Times 12 Feb. 18/1 Overhead compartments are fitted in which holidaymakers can stow their souvenirs. 2012 J. Thayil Narcopolis iii. xi. 224 On the plane, I threw my carry-on into the overhead bin. 2. Chiefly Scottish. Overall; average. Cf. sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] generalc1230 commona1400 overhead1875 all-over1894 across the board1945 1875 W. Alexander Sketches Life among Ain Folk 105 Sandy would loudly declare that he had offered less for what formed really ‘the pick’ of the lot than the average ‘owreheid’ price to himself. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Aug. 3/3 An over~head charge of so much per ton [for parcels] leaving Euston. 1947 T. M. Cooper Regiam Majestatem 27 The amicabilis compositor..aided parties to adjust an overhead settlement of outstanding differences. 3. a. Tennis, Badminton, etc. Of a stroke: made with the racket above one's head. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [adjective] > types of stroke or ball unreturnable1740 boasted1878 volleyed1878 overhand1881 back-handed1889 forehand1889 forehanded1889 Lawford1893 overhead1904 undercut1920 kicking1924 overarm1929 two-fisted1960 sliced1971 inside-out1977 inside-in1999 1904 J. P. Paret Lawn Tennis 345 Overhead, with the racket above the head. 1919 C. Hierons Lawn Tennis xiv. 61 In overhead volleying there is far too much pat ball. 1974 R. J. Mills & E. Butler Tackle Badminton iv. 36 Be able to get back quickly enough to hit any high serves down with an overhead shot. 1992 Tennis Apr. 28/2 It is usually best to..hit it with a regular overhead smash. b. Sport. Of a kick, lift, blow, etc.: performed in, into, or from the air, esp. directly above the head. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [adjective] > other actions or types of play short1545 standing1728 unpenetrative1795 loose1802 scratched1869 cannonball1872 scratchy1881 punishable1910 wrong-footing1928 open1934 overhead1938 power1959 run-and-gun1960 tight1961 1938 Daily Express in B. James Eng. v Scotl. (1969) vii. 159 An overhead kick by Hapgood, that goes the wrong way. 1961 Muscle Power Nov. 18 (caption) Overhead Press—body straight with no back-bend. 1992 Martial Arts Illustr. 2 July 47/3 A right overhead club attack. 4. Of costs or expenses: incurred in the upkeep or running of a plant, premises, or business, and not attributable to individual products or items. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [adjective] > types of cost or expenditure incident1652 incidental1740 sunk1771 sumptuary1796 indirect1903 oncost1908 overhead1909 all-up1942 pass-through1952 internalized1971 1909 J. L. Nicholson Factory Organization & Costs i. 7 The distribution of manufacturing expenses, sometimes called overhead charges, and in other instances, indirect expense or burden. 1958 J. F. Magee Production Planning & Inventory Control iii. 26 Under absorption costing, the value includes not only direct costs but also allocated overhead charges (usually only factory overhead). 1984 D. G. Bew in C. A. Heaton Introd. Industr. Chem. iv. 111 Overhead or general charges cover those items not associated with any particular product or process but which are an essential part of the functioning of an individual site or a whole company. Compounds overhead camshaft n. a camshaft mounted above the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine; also overhead cam. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > cam-shafts overhead camshaft1912 1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. iii. 42 One of the principal objections to overhead valves in the past was the difficulty of driving an overhead camshaft... With the introduction of silent chain drives for camshafts these difficulties no longer exist. 1986 Philadelphia Inquirer 11 July c22/3 It is a deep-breathing cast aluminium affair that features four valves to each cylinder, electronic fuel-injection and a belt-driven overhead cam on each cylinder bank. overhead projector n. a projector, used esp. for educational purposes, which projects an image from a horizontally positioned transparency on to a vertical screen by means of light passed upwards through the transparency and then through lenses mounted above it; abbreviated OHP. ΚΠ 1954 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 19 707/1 The experimenter operated a Vu-Graph overhead projector. 1992 Chicago Tribune 12 Nov. i. 3/3 (caption) Using an overhead projector and a transparency filled with equations, Yue Chen..discusses the decomposition of quark models. overhead transparency n. a sheet of acetate film containing an image for projection by an overhead projector. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film film negative1871 roll1889 roll film1895 reversal film1929 colour film1930 lenticular film1934 pan1940 test strip1940 flat film1950 integral tripack1953 lith1955 overhead transparency1966 1966 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 80 U13/1 (advt.) Overhead transparencies. 1993 MacUser Oct. 47/1 Astound also makes an excellent static-presentation program. It can create overhead transparencies. overhead valve n. a valve in an internal combustion engine which has its seat in the top of the combustion chamber, in the surface opposite the piston. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > valves side valve1886 cutout1905 sleeve-valve1910 overhead valve1921 1921 A. W. Judge Automobile & Aircraft Engines viii. 316 Another reason for the better volumetric efficiency of the overhead valve lies in the fact that [etc.]. 1991 News Jrnl. (Washington, Delaware) 15 Aug. a10 (advt.) Lawn & Garden Tractors..12-H.P. overhead valve engine..5-speed forward Peerless transaxle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.n.adj.OE
随便看	make, or cut, a splash make, or give a visit make, or pay a visit make, pay, present, send compliments make, pay, present, send one's compliments make, set tryst make, shoot a shot make, take one's lodging make, take up one's lodging make, take, etc, stall make, use, expedition make- make-a-do make-ahead make-and-break make-before-break make-belief make-believe make-believer make-believing make-braser make-break make-debate make-do make-do-and-mend