overhardadj.adv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈhɑːd/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈhɑrd/

Forms: see over- prefix and hard adj.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, hard adj.

Etymology: < over- prefix + hard adj.

A. adj.

Excessively hard.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern > excessively severe

overhardc1390

oversharpa1500

over-severe1586

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] > excessively

overhardc1390

oversharpa1500

over-severe1586

over-harsha1633

c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 26 (MED) What herte is so ouer hard þat ne may to melte, in þe monyg of þe loueliche lord?

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 5424 (MED) For nyrhand euery a styward, Þe dome þat þey ȝeue ys ouer hard.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1198 As yet I founde never no maner of knyght but that I was over harde for hym.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 223 (MED) The tokenesse of good complexcioun..the heere ne be not ouer harde, ouer-charce, ne ouer blake.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 131 Howbehyt thys semyth over hard to punnysch the chyld for the fatherys offence.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Ep. Ded. sig. **i A right great enterprise, and (in the iudgement of most men) overhard.

1607 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso (new ed.) ix. 71 Byreno..with forces marche to Friseland ward: And hopes to conquer it in little space, If that his fortune were not ouer hard.

1668 Duchess of Newcastle Grounds Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) ix. v. 120 Like Weariness after a Laborious or over-hard Action; as, when a Man hath run fast, or laboured hard, he fetches his breath short and thick.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Grease-molten, a Distemper in a Horse, when his Fat is melted by over-hard Riding, or Labour.

1749 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 327 It was..resumed, as a Thing over-hard..to be borne.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. v. i. 206 Do any of ye think that I have been over hard, over haughty with these stubborn spirits?

1860 A. T. Drane William of Wykeham ii. 33 We may perhaps naturally look for something over-hard and practical in his method of acting.

1907 E. M. Forster Longest Journey xxxi. 312 But he could not pity her... Perhaps he was over-hard.

1998 Dairy Farmer (Nexis) 8 Sept. 8 Footbathing in a formaldehyde solution is..stopped altogether in dry conditions when hooves can become overhard.

B. adv.

With excessive hardness; to an excessively hard degree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adverb] > excessively or immoderately

too971

unimeteOE

unmethelyOE

overmetec1225

un-i-methc1225

unmeetly?c1225

unmethc1225

overgarta1333

outrageouslya1387

outrageousc1390

unreasonablyc1400

outragelya1425

unmoderately?a1425

inordinatelyc1450

unrulilyc1456

dismeasurably1474

immoderately1482

overharda1500

unreasonable1535

furiously1555

intemperately1576

overliberally1578

unconscionably1583

unconscionable1596

exorbitantlya1635

undulya1779

owdaciously1848

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 189 (MED) Whan a man Is ouer-harde reprouet, he hatyth his reprowere, and So therof he is empeyrid and not amendyd.

1593 J. Penry Let. 6 Apr. in L. Bacon Genesis of New Eng. Churches (1874) ix. 173 Smite not the elder wench overhard, because you know the least word will restrain her.

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra i. vii. 55 He will not urge it over-hard.

1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World I. vii. 133 sig. I3 He..as gently as possible pick'd the Thorn out of his Foot, and then squeez'd the sore, you may think not over-hard, and got the purulent matter out.

1736 A. Ramsay Wks. (1944–73) III. ii. 240 Ne'er let regards for it [sc. coin] intice ye, To haud your hands o'er hard about it.

1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. 290 Will you teach me to be a clever Fellow also? Ay, that I will, says Harry, and to beat myself too, provided you promise not to hit me over hard.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. x. 269 That the party had been overhard travelled.

1851 Chambers' s Papers for People IX. 18 We have long known all these things; but they press overhard upon him.

1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 300 It seems to the reviewer that he labors overhard to fit the facts into the established framework of so-called economic stages.

1990 H. Kureishi Buddha of Suburbia (BNC) 93 She didn't try overhard, she just wanted to let me know I was secure with her.

Derivatives

† over-hardly adv. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adverb] > with difficulty > with excessive difficulty

over-hardlya1568

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 7^v Not stamering, or ouer hardlie drawing forth wordes.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 6 Not onely too farre fetched, but also ouer-hardly streined.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overhard
释义	overhardadj.adv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈhɑːd/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈhɑrd/ Forms: see over- prefix and hard adj. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, hard adj. Etymology: < over- prefix + hard adj. A. adj. Excessively hard. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern > excessively severe overhardc1390 oversharpa1500 over-severe1586 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] > excessively overhardc1390 oversharpa1500 over-severe1586 over-harsha1633 c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 26 (MED) What herte is so ouer hard þat ne may to melte, in þe monyg of þe loueliche lord? a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 5424 (MED) For nyrhand euery a styward, Þe dome þat þey ȝeue ys ouer hard. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1198 As yet I founde never no maner of knyght but that I was over harde for hym. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 223 (MED) The tokenesse of good complexcioun..the heere ne be not ouer harde, ouer-charce, ne ouer blake. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 131 Howbehyt thys semyth over hard to punnysch the chyld for the fatherys offence. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Ep. Ded. sig. *i A right great enterprise, and (in the iudgement of most men) overhard. 1607 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso* (new ed.) ix. 71 Byreno..with forces marche to Friseland ward: And hopes to conquer it in little space, If that his fortune were not ouer hard. 1668 Duchess of Newcastle Grounds Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) ix. v. 120 Like Weariness after a Laborious or over-hard Action; as, when a Man hath run fast, or laboured hard, he fetches his breath short and thick. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Grease-molten, a Distemper in a Horse, when his Fat is melted by over-hard Riding, or Labour. 1749 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 327 It was..resumed, as a Thing over-hard..to be borne. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. v. i. 206 Do any of ye think that I have been over hard, over haughty with these stubborn spirits? 1860 A. T. Drane William of Wykeham ii. 33 We may perhaps naturally look for something over-hard and practical in his method of acting. 1907 E. M. Forster Longest Journey xxxi. 312 But he could not pity her... Perhaps he was over-hard. 1998 Dairy Farmer (Nexis) 8 Sept. 8 Footbathing in a formaldehyde solution is..stopped altogether in dry conditions when hooves can become overhard. B. adv. With excessive hardness; to an excessively hard degree. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adverb] > excessively or immoderately too971 unimeteOE unmethelyOE overmetec1225 un-i-methc1225 unmeetly?c1225 unmethc1225 overgarta1333 outrageouslya1387 outrageousc1390 unreasonablyc1400 outragelya1425 unmoderately?a1425 inordinatelyc1450 unrulilyc1456 dismeasurably1474 immoderately1482 overharda1500 unreasonable1535 furiously1555 intemperately1576 overliberally1578 unconscionably1583 unconscionable1596 exorbitantlya1635 undulya1779 owdaciously1848 a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 189 (MED) Whan a man Is ouer-harde reprouet, he hatyth his reprowere, and So therof he is empeyrid and not amendyd. 1593 J. Penry Let. 6 Apr. in L. Bacon Genesis of New Eng. Churches (1874) ix. 173 Smite not the elder wench overhard, because you know the least word will restrain her. 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra i. vii. 55 He will not urge it over-hard. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World I. vii. 133 sig. I3 He..as gently as possible pick'd the Thorn out of his Foot, and then squeez'd the sore, you may think not over-hard, and got the purulent matter out. 1736 A. Ramsay Wks. (1944–73) III. ii. 240 Ne'er let regards for it [sc. coin] intice ye, To haud your hands o'er hard about it. 1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. 290 Will you teach me to be a clever Fellow also? Ay, that I will, says Harry, and to beat myself too, provided you promise not to hit me over hard. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. x. 269 That the party had been overhard travelled. 1851 Chambers' s Papers for People IX. 18 We have long known all these things; but they press overhard upon him. 1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 300 It seems to the reviewer that he labors overhard to fit the facts into the established framework of so-called economic stages. 1990 H. Kureishi Buddha of Suburbia (BNC) 93 She didn't try overhard, she just wanted to let me know I was secure with her. Derivatives † over-hardly adv. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adverb] > with difficulty > with excessive difficulty over-hardlya1568 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 7^v Not stamering, or ouer hardlie drawing forth wordes. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 6 Not onely too farre fetched, but also ouer-hardly streined. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.c1390
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