basisn.

Brit.

/ˈbeɪsɪs/, U.S.

/ˈbeɪsəs/

Forms: Plural bases.

Etymology: < Latin basis, < Greek βάσις : see base n.¹

I. Literal senses. (Now rarely used: see base n.¹)

1. gen. The bottom of anything, considered as the part on which it rests or is supported; the foundation, base, foot. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > doublet > skirt attached to

basis?a1560

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests

staddlea900

groundc950

base?c1335

standinga1382

foundation1398

basingc1400

bottom1440

subjecta1500

groundworka1557

basis?a1560

pedestal1563

understand1580

footwork1611

centrea1616

underwork1624

skaddle1635

substructure1641

foot piece1657

pediment1660

seat1661

sedes1662

under-warp1668

plantationa1680

terrace1735

substructure1789

footing1791

seating1805

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxx. sig. I iij The distance of the ship from the basis or foote of the cliffe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 126 Th'shore; that ore his waue-worne basis bowed As stooping to releeue him.

1712 tr. H. More Scholia Antidote Atheism 143 in H. More Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 4) The basis of the Cedar.

1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. vii. 545 Whose Rage can make The solid Earth's eternal Basis shake!

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iv. iv. 253 Triumphal Arches enough: at the basis of the first of which, we descry, [etc.].

†2. The base of a pillar; = base n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun] > base

basisa1676

patten1706

1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 742/2 The grounde or foote of the piller called in laten basis.]

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 64 His Feet, the Basis of the Pillar of his Body.

1716 J. Addison Free-Holder No. 47 Observing an English Inscription upon the Basis, he read it over several Times.

†3. A pedestal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests > pedestal

footstoneOE

foot stakea1382

basec1450

pedestal1563

footpath1580

footstall1585

basisa1616

postament1738

footstalk1787

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 116 Cæsar..That now on Pompeyes Basis lye[s] along, No worthier then the dust.

1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 367 The Basis likewise is a Balusted of Granite-Stone.

4. Botany and Zoology. That part of an organ by which it is attached to its support; = base n.¹ 3. Now only in specific use: see quots. 1870¹, 1870².

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > root or base

rootc1225

base?c1425

basis1615

fund1636

fundus1659

root end1675

origin1692

radix1697

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 467 A Pine-apple, broade and round in the Basis.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 40 The obtuse Tip of this Capsula..shoots itself into the basis of the Liver.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Antholyza The upper lip [of the flower]..near its basis has two short jaggs.

1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1880) 289 A shelly or membranous plate closes the lower aperture of the [Acorn-] shell, and is termed the ‘basis.’

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 94 The second joint is known as the ‘basipodite,’ or ‘basis.’

†5. A geometrical base: = base n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > base

base?1556

basis?a1560

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. vi. sig. C iij v That subtendente side, or basis.

1662 R. Boyle Examen Mr. T. Hobbs 91, in New Exper. Physico-mechanicall (ed. 2) A Pyramide..whose Basis is part of the surface of the Atmosphere.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1 ⁋ 80 The Angles at the Basis of an Isosceles Triangle.

†6. Each of the boards of a pair of bellows. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > bellows > parts of

tew-iron1399

rock-staff1561

basis1669

twire-pipe1674

rocker1678

tewel1678

wind-hole1688

wind-sucker1688

rostrum1706

muzzle1726

tuyere1781

stirrup1843

hinge1852

tue1883

1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mechanicall: 1st Pt. xxxviii. 129 Another pair of Tite Bellows made with a very light Clack in the lower Basis.

1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mechanicall: 1st Pt. xxxii. 109 The Orifice of the vent in the Basis.

II. Transferred and figurative senses.

7. The main constituent, fundamental ingredient.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > essence or essential constituent

substancec1480

basea1550

marrowbone1554

ground1580

subsistence1581

basis1601

essence1656

body1664

hardpan1842

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Briefe Catal. Words of Art Basis in a compound medicine is that drug or simple which is predominant.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 117 Salt, the Basis of all Natural Productions.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 179 Several People make it the Basis of the Liquorice juice.

1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. iii. 225 Colouring-solutions should be always prepared with glycerine..as a basis.

8. That by or on which anything immaterial is supported or sustained; a foundation, support

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun]

ground1340

root1340

substancec1384

fundament1395

foundationc1400

groundment?a1412

footing1440

anvila1450

bottom ground1557

groundwork1557

foot1559

platform1568

subsistence1586

subject matter1600

ground-colour1614

basisa1616

substratum1631

basement1637

bottoma1639

fonda1650

fibre1656

fund1671

fundamen1677

substruction1765

starting ground1802

fundus1839

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 33 Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure.

1680 W. de Britaine Humane Prudence 120 The love of the Subject is the most sure Basis of the Princes Greatness.

1718 Free-thinker No. 75. 2 Integrity is the Basis of all Human Prudence.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. §3. 243 This speculation..rested upon a basis of conjecture.

9. That on which anything is reared, constructed, or established, and by which its constitution or operation is determined; groundwork, footing:

a. a thing material.

ΚΠ

1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 9 This Book will be the Basis of such a Common-place Book.

1808 T. F. Middleton Greek Article (ed. 3) I. 485 The critical possessor of the basis filled its margin with glosses and readings.

b. a thing immaterial; a principle, a fact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle

principlea1398

basec1500

principium1550

primordial1610

basisa1616

element1655

radical1656

principe1669

seminiuma1676

ultimate1710

rock beda1853

ultimatum1858

rock-bottom1866

ultimity1898

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 31 Build me thy fortunes vpon the basis of valour.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 423 Where the Basis of Exchange..is made vpon our twentie shillings sterling.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. vi. 252 Assessing licence duties on such inapplicable bases.

1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. vi. 151 If Moses had to regulate our legislation in reference to railway accidents, he would put it on altogether a new basis.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iv. §4. 190 Among the German races society rested on the basis of the family.

c. a set of principles laid down or agreed upon as the ground of negotiation, argument, or action.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > axioms

philosophia prima1605

outlines1691

basis1796

primordial1813

generalia1843

prima philosophia1845

primary1846

axiomatic1927

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1808) VIII. 334 We had gained a great point in getting this basis admitted..a basis of mutual compensation.

1855 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 138 1605 It is necessary, therefore, to have a basis for our discussion.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 129 A basis of legislation was at last agreed upon.

10. The tract of country from, and in connection with, which military or other operations are conducted; = base n.¹ 21. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > [noun] > from which operations are carried on

headquarters1647

base1809

basis1833

home base1865

sharp end1948

1833 H. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls vii. 124 Colonies are not advantageous to the mother-country as the basis of a peculiar trade.

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 219 [Joubert's] soul had, for its basis of operations, hardly any body at all.

1865 Times 2 Jan. To make Canada..the basis of operations against the Northern States.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

basis-structure n.

basis substance n.

ΚΠ

1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 727/1 The basis-substance is..destitute of fibres.

basis-tissue n.

ΚΠ

1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 878/1 These ‘dental tubuli’..subdivide rapidly in the hard basis-tissue.

C2.

basis box n. also basic box, the unit of area in the tinplate industry (see quot. 1956).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] > tinplate > unit of area used by tinplate industry

base box1897

basic box1914

basis box1926

1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 113 602 There are two gas-fired furnaces each with a capacity of about 30 tons, or 600 basis boxes per charge.

1956 W. E. Hoare Tinplate Handbk. (ed. 3) iv. 13 The unit of area used by the tinplate industries is the basis box or base box, originally defined as 112 sheets each 20 in. × 14 in.

1958 A. D. Merriman Dict. Metall. 16/1 The weight may vary from 55 to 275 lb. per basis box, but is usually between 100 and 150 lb.

basis wine n. a fermented liquor obtained chiefly from raisins or concentrated must and used as the basis or main constituent in the manufacture of various wines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > wine used for blending

vino de color1851

basis wine1905

vino maestro1911

1905 A. Chamberlain in Hansard 10 Apr. CXLIV. 1049 Wine manufactured..partly from imported grape must, more largely from currants and raisins..known to the trade as ‘basis’ wine.

1905 Daily Chron. 21 Dec. 6/3 Fraudulent wines, containing what was called ‘basis’ wine.

Draft additions September 2018

Mathematics. In a vector space: a subset consisting of linearly independent vectors and having the property that every element of the vector space can be expressed as a sum of scalar multiples of these.Different bases of the same vector space contain the same number of vectors, this number being termed the dimension of the vector space.

ΚΠ

1901 Ann. Math. 2 94 The functions f₁, f₂,..,f_n, if they are linearly independent, are called a basis of the family.

1966 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 17 670 Every vector space has a basis.

2016 G. Mazzola et al. Cool Math for Hot Music xxvii. 233 Two bases have the same number of elements.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	basis
释义	basisn. Brit. /ˈbeɪsɪs/, U.S. /ˈbeɪsəs/ Forms: Plural bases. Etymology: < Latin basis, < Greek βάσις : see base n.¹ I. Literal senses. (Now rarely used: see base n.¹) 1. gen. The bottom of anything, considered as the part on which it rests or is supported; the foundation, base, foot. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > doublet > skirt attached to basis?a1560 the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests staddlea900 groundc950 base?c1335 standinga1382 foundation1398 basingc1400 bottom1440 subjecta1500 groundworka1557 basis?a1560 pedestal1563 understand1580 footwork1611 centrea1616 underwork1624 skaddle1635 substructure1641 foot piece1657 pediment1660 seat1661 sedes1662 under-warp1668 plantationa1680 terrace1735 substructure1789 footing1791 seating1805 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxx. sig. I iij The distance of the ship from the basis or foote of the cliffe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 126 Th'shore; that ore his waue-worne basis bowed As stooping to releeue him. View more context for this quotation 1712 tr. H. More Scholia Antidote Atheism 143 in H. More Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 4) The basis of the Cedar. 1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. vii. 545 Whose Rage can make The solid Earth's eternal Basis shake! 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iv. iv. 253 Triumphal Arches enough: at the basis of the first of which, we descry, [etc.]. †2. The base of a pillar; = base n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun] > base basisa1676 patten1706 1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 742/2 The grounde or foote of the piller called in laten basis.] a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 64 His Feet, the Basis of the Pillar of his Body. 1716 J. Addison Free-Holder No. 47 Observing an English Inscription upon the Basis, he read it over several Times. †3. A pedestal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests > pedestal footstoneOE foot stakea1382 basec1450 pedestal1563 footpath1580 footstall1585 basisa1616 postament1738 footstalk1787 a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 116 Cæsar..That now on Pompeyes Basis lye[s] along, No worthier then the dust. View more context for this quotation 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 367 The Basis likewise is a Balusted of Granite-Stone. 4. Botany and Zoology. That part of an organ by which it is attached to its support; = base n.¹ 3. Now only in specific use: see quots. 1870¹, 1870². ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > root or base rootc1225 base?c1425 basis1615 fund1636 fundus1659 root end1675 origin1692 radix1697 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 467 A Pine-apple, broade and round in the Basis. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 40 The obtuse Tip of this Capsula..shoots itself into the basis of the Liver. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Antholyza The upper lip [of the flower]..near its basis has two short jaggs. 1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1880) 289 A shelly or membranous plate closes the lower aperture of the [Acorn-] shell, and is termed the ‘basis.’ 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 94 The second joint is known as the ‘basipodite,’ or ‘basis.’ †5. A geometrical base: = base n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > base base?1556 basis?a1560 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. vi. sig. C iij v That subtendente side, or basis. 1662 R. Boyle Examen Mr. T. Hobbs 91, in New Exper. Physico-mechanicall (ed. 2) A Pyramide..whose Basis is part of the surface of the Atmosphere. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1 ⁋ 80 The Angles at the Basis of an Isosceles Triangle. †6. Each of the boards of a pair of bellows. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > bellows > parts of tew-iron1399 rock-staff1561 basis1669 twire-pipe1674 rocker1678 tewel1678 wind-hole1688 wind-sucker1688 rostrum1706 muzzle1726 tuyere1781 stirrup1843 hinge1852 tue1883 1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mechanicall: 1st Pt. xxxviii. 129 Another pair of Tite Bellows made with a very light Clack in the lower Basis. 1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mechanicall: 1st Pt. xxxii. 109 The Orifice of the vent in the Basis. II. Transferred and figurative senses. 7. The main constituent, fundamental ingredient. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > essence or essential constituent substancec1480 basea1550 marrowbone1554 ground1580 subsistence1581 basis1601 essence1656 body1664 hardpan1842 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Briefe Catal. Words of Art Basis in a compound medicine is that drug or simple which is predominant. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 117 Salt, the Basis of all Natural Productions. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 179 Several People make it the Basis of the Liquorice juice. 1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. iii. 225 Colouring-solutions should be always prepared with glycerine..as a basis. 8. That by or on which anything immaterial is supported or sustained; a foundation, support ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] ground1340 root1340 substancec1384 fundament1395 foundationc1400 groundment?a1412 footing1440 anvila1450 bottom ground1557 groundwork1557 foot1559 platform1568 subsistence1586 subject matter1600 ground-colour1614 basisa1616 substratum1631 basement1637 bottoma1639 fonda1650 fibre1656 fund1671 fundamen1677 substruction1765 starting ground1802 fundus1839 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 33 Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure. View more context for this quotation 1680 W. de Britaine Humane Prudence 120 The love of the Subject is the most sure Basis of the Princes Greatness. 1718 Free-thinker No. 75. 2 Integrity is the Basis of all Human Prudence. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. §3. 243 This speculation..rested upon a basis of conjecture. 9. That on which anything is reared, constructed, or established, and by which its constitution or operation is determined; groundwork, footing: a. a thing material. ΚΠ 1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 9 This Book will be the Basis of such a Common-place Book. 1808 T. F. Middleton Greek Article (ed. 3) I. 485 The critical possessor of the basis filled its margin with glosses and readings. b. a thing immaterial; a principle, a fact. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle principlea1398 basec1500 principium1550 primordial1610 basisa1616 element1655 radical1656 principe1669 seminiuma1676 ultimate1710 rock beda1853 ultimatum1858 rock-bottom1866 ultimity1898 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 31 Build me thy fortunes vpon the basis of valour. View more context for this quotation 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 423 Where the Basis of Exchange..is made vpon our twentie shillings sterling. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. vi. 252 Assessing licence duties on such inapplicable bases. 1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. vi. 151 If Moses had to regulate our legislation in reference to railway accidents, he would put it on altogether a new basis. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iv. §4. 190 Among the German races society rested on the basis of the family. c. a set of principles laid down or agreed upon as the ground of negotiation, argument, or action. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > axioms philosophia prima1605 outlines1691 basis1796 primordial1813 generalia1843 prima philosophia1845 primary1846 axiomatic1927 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1808) VIII. 334 We had gained a great point in getting this basis admitted..a basis of mutual compensation. 1855 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 138 1605 It is necessary, therefore, to have a basis for our discussion. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 129 A basis of legislation was at last agreed upon. 10. The tract of country from, and in connection with, which military or other operations are conducted; = base n.¹ 21. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > [noun] > from which operations are carried on headquarters1647 base1809 basis1833 home base1865 sharp end1948 1833 H. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls vii. 124 Colonies are not advantageous to the mother-country as the basis of a peculiar trade. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 219 [Joubert's] soul had, for its basis of operations, hardly any body at all. 1865 Times 2 Jan. To make Canada..the basis of operations against the Northern States. Compounds C1. General attributive. basis-structure n. basis substance n. ΚΠ 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 727/1 The basis-substance is..destitute of fibres. basis-tissue n. ΚΠ 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 878/1 These ‘dental tubuli’..subdivide rapidly in the hard basis-tissue. C2. basis box n. also basic box, the unit of area in the tinplate industry (see quot. 1956). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] > tinplate > unit of area used by tinplate industry base box1897 basic box1914 basis box1926 1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 113 602 There are two gas-fired furnaces each with a capacity of about 30 tons, or 600 basis boxes per charge. 1956 W. E. Hoare Tinplate Handbk. (ed. 3) iv. 13 The unit of area used by the tinplate industries is the basis box or base box, originally defined as 112 sheets each 20 in. × 14 in. 1958 A. D. Merriman Dict. Metall. 16/1 The weight may vary from 55 to 275 lb. per basis box, but is usually between 100 and 150 lb. basis wine n. a fermented liquor obtained chiefly from raisins or concentrated must and used as the basis or main constituent in the manufacture of various wines. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > wine used for blending vino de color1851 basis wine1905 vino maestro1911 1905 A. Chamberlain in Hansard 10 Apr. CXLIV. 1049 Wine manufactured..partly from imported grape must, more largely from currants and raisins..known to the trade as ‘basis’ wine. 1905 Daily Chron. 21 Dec. 6/3 Fraudulent wines, containing what was called ‘basis’ wine. Draft additions September 2018 Mathematics. In a vector space: a subset consisting of linearly independent vectors and having the property that every element of the vector space can be expressed as a sum of scalar multiples of these.Different bases of the same vector space contain the same number of vectors, this number being termed the dimension of the vector space. ΚΠ 1901 Ann. Math. 2 94 The functions f₁, f₂,..,f_n, if they are linearly independent, are called a basis of the family. 1966 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 17 670 Every vector space has a basis. 2016 G. Mazzola et al. Cool Math for Hot Music xxvii. 233 Two bases have the same number of elements. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1560
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