benn.²

Brit.

/bɛn/, U.S.

/bɛn/

Forms: Also 1700s bin.

Etymology: < Gaelic beann, < Old Celtic *benno-, *bendo-, ‘peak, horn, conical point.’

A mountain-peak. Used with the names of Scottish mountains; e.g. Ben Nevis, Ben Lomond.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun]

barrowc885

mountainc1275

Alpa1450

reek1776

ben1788

berg1840

tier1850

1788 R. Galloway Poems 75 From Lomond bin to Pentland know.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake Notes 378 Ben—is likewise a Highland term, and denotes a mountain of a pyramidal form, which stands unconnected with others.

1819 J. Hogg Jacobite Relics II. 421 (Jam.) Sweet was..the river that flow'd from the Ben.

1884 Manch. Examiner 13 Sept. 5/3 Lowlanders and Irishmen who never climbed a ben.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

benn.³

Brit.

/bɛn/, U.S.

/bɛn/

Forms: Also 1500s benn, 1600s behen.

Etymology: < Arabic bān, ‘the ben-tree’ (Lane). The form behen is due to confusion with another word.

a. The winged seed of the horseradish tree ( Moringa pterygosperma); also called ben-nut.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plant, nut, or bean yielding oil > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding oil > tropical > ben-nut

ben-nut1559

myrobalan date1601

myrobalan ben1706

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 239 The fruites of Ben..are found about Gonna plenteously.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 374 The Egyptian Ben is more oleous and fat.

1754 J. Hill Useful Family Herbal 35 Ben Nut-Tree..an Arabian Tree.

1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) ii Myrobalanum..myrobalan, Ben, or a fruit of Ægypt, about the bigness of a filberd.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 756 The seeds of..the Horse-radish tree are winged, and are called Ben-nuts.

b. oil of ben n. oil obtained from the ben-nut.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils

oil de baya1398

oil roseta1400

alkitranc1400

laurinec1400

oil of spicac1400

seed oil1400

rape oil1420

nut-oil?c1425

masticine?1440

oil de rose?1440

oil of myrtine?a1450

gingellya1544

rose oil1552

alchitrean1562

oil of spike1577

oil of ben1594

myrtle oil1601

sesamus1601

sampsuchine1616

oil of walnuts1622

rape1641

oil of rhodium1649

rapeseed oil1652

neroli1676

oil of mace1681

spirit of scurvy-grass1682

beech-oil1716

poppy oil1737

castor oil1746

oil of sassafras1753

orange-peel oil1757

wood-oil1759

bergamot1766

sunflower oil1768

Russia oil1773

oil castor1779

tung-yu1788

poppy-seed oil1799

cocoa butter1801

sassafras oil1801

phulwara1805

oil of wine1807

grass oil1827

oil of marjoram1829

cajuput oil1832

essence of mustarda1834

picamar1835

spurge oil1836

oenanthic ether1837

tea oil1837

capnomor1838

cinnamon-oil1838

oil of mustard1838

orange-flower oil1838

resinein1841

mustard oil1844

myrrhol1845

styrol1845

oenanthol1847

shea butter1847

wintergreen1847

gaultheria oil1848

ginger-grass oil.1849

nutmeg oil1849

pine oil1849

peppermint oil1850

cocoa fat1851

orange oil1853

neem oil1856

poonga oil1857

xanthoxylene1857

crab-oil1858

illupi oil1858

Shanghai oil1861

stand oil1862

mustard-seed oil1863

carap oilc1865

cocum butter or oilc1865

Kurung oil1866

muduga oil1866

pichurim oil1866

serpolet1866

sumbul oil1868

sesame oil1870

niger oil1872

summer yellow1872

olibene1873

patchouli oil1875

pilocarpene1876

styrolene1881

tung oil1881

becuiba tallow1884

soy oil1884

tea-seed oil1884

eucalyptus1885

sage oil1888

hop-oil1889

cotton-seed oil1891

lemon oil1896

palmarosa oil1897

illipe butter1904

hydnocarpus oil1905

tung1911

niger seed oil1917

sun oil1937

vanaspati1949

fennel oil-

1594 H. Plat Diuers Chimicall Concl. Distillation 16 (heading) in Jewell House The oile of Benn..is made of the Italian nuts.

1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 268 The oil of Ben has no smell of it self, but will readily receive any smell that you would impart to it.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 337 Oil of ben..is much used by watchmakers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

benadv.prep.adj.n.¹

Brit.

/bɛn/, U.S.

/bɛn/, Scottish English

/bɛn/

Forms: Middle English bene, Middle English– ben.

Etymology: Appears first in 14th cent. There is no cognate in Scandinavian languages; so that it must be a dialect variant of Middle English binne , bin adv. and prep. ‘within’ < Old English binnan, cognate with Dutch, German binnen.

Scottish and northern dialect.

A. adv.

a. Within, towards the inner part; esp. in or into an inner part of the house relatively, in or into the inner part absolutely; into the parlour, etc. from the kitchen; in the parlour or chamber.The words but and ben have special reference to the structure of dwelling houses formerly prevalent in the north, in which there was only one outer door, so that it was usual to enter through the kitchen into the parlour, and through the latter to an inner chamber, bedroom, or the like. In reference to the kitchen, the two latter rooms are ben and far-ben respectively; they constitute the ben-end of the house: in reference to the parlour, the kitchen is but, or but the house, or the but end. These phrases are retained even in more modern houses, where the parlour has a separate entrance: ‘go but’ = ‘go into the kitchen’; ‘come ben’ = come into the parlour, etc. Also apartments on opposite sides of a passage are said to be but and ben with each other, though neither is farther out or farther in than the other: come ben, go but are then used of either. Their occupants are said to live but and ben with each other.

ΚΠ

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 39 Hyr cors þai tuk wp, & bare ben.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 271 Intumulat..Ben in the queir.

1686 G. Stuart Joco-serious Disc. 35 When doors stand open, dogs come ben.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 323 Baby [= Barbara], bring ben the tea-water..and we'll..steek the shop, and cry ben..and take a hand at the cartes.

1865 J. Groves in Harland Lanc. Lyrics 128 Come ben, an' shelter frae the storm.

b. Phrases: but and ben: in the outer and inner apartment, in both (or all) parts of the house. to live but and ben with: see above. far ben: far within, in the innermost chamber; figurative admitted beyond the ante-room, or to special intimacy or favour, ‘far in.’ o'er far ben: too intimate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > in the inner part of a building, farm, etc. > in the inner part of a house

but and benc1375

the-ben1578

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > [adverb] > throughout the house

but and benc1375

from garret to kitchen1712

from cellar to garret1828

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [adverb] > in(to) inner part of house

but and benc1375

the-ben1578

c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Barthol. 22 Þe tempil..Wes fillit ful, but & bene.

c1536 D. Lindsay Compl. Bagsche 137 I was anis als far ben as ȝe ar, And had in Court als greit credence.

1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xx. 83 Ye are..far ben in the palace of our Lord.

1786 R. Burns Holy Fair xviii, in Poems 49 Now, butt an' ben, the Change-house fills.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. i. 5 I admit I could not be so far ben as you lads.

c. there-ben, corrupt. the-ben (cf. there-out), also ben-by (archaic): inside; = German darinnen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > in the inner part of a building, farm, etc. > in the inner part of a house

but and benc1375

the-ben1578

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [adverb] > in(to) inner part of house

but and benc1375

the-ben1578

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages To Rdr. sig. A.iv^v For to bring but its Ill thats not thair ben.

1646 A. Henderson Let. Charles I 3 June in Papers betwixt His Majestie & Henderson in Εικον Βασιλικη 192 It cannot be brought But, that is not the Ben.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 33 (Jam.) Your bed s' be made the-ben.

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 167 The coat ben-by i' the kist-nook..Is brought yence mair thereout.

B. prep.

In or into the inner part of (a house).

ΚΠ

1644 Articles against A. Fynnie in R. Law Memorialls (1818) Pref. p. lx Ye..bad the father and mother go ben the house a whylle.

1810 R. Tannahill Bonnie Wood in Poems (1846) 132 Far ben thy dark green planting's shade.

1827 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 897 When ye gaed ben the house.

C. adj.

Inner, interior: as in ben end, ben room. Compared benner, benmost.

ΚΠ

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 149 The benmost part o' my kist nook.

1785 Select Coll. Poems Buchan Dial. 34 (Jam.) Their benner pantries.

1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck II. 18 I was a free man i' my ain ben-end.

1820 W. Scott Abbot III. ii. 32 A door leading into the ben or inner chamber of the cottage.

D. n.¹

(Elliptical use of the adjective.) The inner room.

ΚΠ

1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 339 The rent of a room and kitchen, or what..is stiled a but and a ben, gives at least two pounds sterling.

1807 J. Carr Caledonian Sketches 405 (Jam.) A tolerable hut is divided into three parts—a butt..a benn..and a byar, where the cattle are housed.

1887 N.E.D. at Ben Mod. Sc. ‘Their house is a long low thatched cottage consisting of a but, a ben, and a far-ben.’

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.²1788

n.³1559

adv.prep.adj.n.¹c1375

单词	ben
释义	benn.² Brit. /bɛn/, U.S. /bɛn/ Forms: Also 1700s bin. Etymology: < Gaelic beann, < Old Celtic benno-, bendo-, ‘peak, horn, conical point.’ A mountain-peak. Used with the names of Scottish mountains; e.g. Ben Nevis, Ben Lomond. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] barrowc885 mountainc1275 Alpa1450 reek1776 ben1788 berg1840 tier1850 1788 R. Galloway Poems 75 From Lomond bin to Pentland know. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake Notes 378 Ben—is likewise a Highland term, and denotes a mountain of a pyramidal form, which stands unconnected with others. 1819 J. Hogg Jacobite Relics II. 421 (Jam.) Sweet was..the river that flow'd from the Ben. 1884 Manch. Examiner 13 Sept. 5/3 Lowlanders and Irishmen who never climbed a ben. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). benn.³ Brit. /bɛn/, U.S. /bɛn/ Forms: Also 1500s benn, 1600s behen. Etymology: < Arabic bān, ‘the ben-tree’ (Lane). The form behen is due to confusion with another word. a. The winged seed of the horseradish tree ( Moringa pterygosperma); also called ben-nut. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plant, nut, or bean yielding oil > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding oil > tropical > ben-nut ben-nut1559 myrobalan date1601 myrobalan ben1706 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 239 The fruites of Ben..are found about Gonna plenteously. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 374 The Egyptian Ben is more oleous and fat. 1754 J. Hill Useful Family Herbal 35 Ben Nut-Tree..an Arabian Tree. 1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) ii Myrobalanum..myrobalan, Ben, or a fruit of Ægypt, about the bigness of a filberd. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 756 The seeds of..the Horse-radish tree are winged, and are called Ben-nuts. b. oil of ben n. oil obtained from the ben-nut. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils oil de baya1398 oil roseta1400 alkitranc1400 laurinec1400 oil of spicac1400 seed oil1400 rape oil1420 nut-oil?c1425 masticine?1440 oil de rose?1440 oil of myrtine?a1450 gingellya1544 rose oil1552 alchitrean1562 oil of spike1577 oil of ben1594 myrtle oil1601 sesamus1601 sampsuchine1616 oil of walnuts1622 rape1641 oil of rhodium1649 rapeseed oil1652 neroli1676 oil of mace1681 spirit of scurvy-grass1682 beech-oil1716 poppy oil1737 castor oil1746 oil of sassafras1753 orange-peel oil1757 wood-oil1759 bergamot1766 sunflower oil1768 Russia oil1773 oil castor1779 tung-yu1788 poppy-seed oil1799 cocoa butter1801 sassafras oil1801 phulwara1805 oil of wine1807 grass oil1827 oil of marjoram1829 cajuput oil1832 essence of mustarda1834 picamar1835 spurge oil1836 oenanthic ether1837 tea oil1837 capnomor1838 cinnamon-oil1838 oil of mustard1838 orange-flower oil1838 resinein1841 mustard oil1844 myrrhol1845 styrol1845 oenanthol1847 shea butter1847 wintergreen1847 gaultheria oil1848 ginger-grass oil.1849 nutmeg oil1849 pine oil1849 peppermint oil1850 cocoa fat1851 orange oil1853 neem oil1856 poonga oil1857 xanthoxylene1857 crab-oil1858 illupi oil1858 Shanghai oil1861 stand oil1862 mustard-seed oil1863 carap oilc1865 cocum butter or oilc1865 Kurung oil1866 muduga oil1866 pichurim oil1866 serpolet1866 sumbul oil1868 sesame oil1870 niger oil1872 summer yellow1872 olibene1873 patchouli oil1875 pilocarpene1876 styrolene1881 tung oil1881 becuiba tallow1884 soy oil1884 tea-seed oil1884 eucalyptus1885 sage oil1888 hop-oil1889 cotton-seed oil1891 lemon oil1896 palmarosa oil1897 illipe butter1904 hydnocarpus oil1905 tung1911 niger seed oil1917 sun oil1937 vanaspati1949 fennel oil- 1594 H. Plat Diuers Chimicall Concl. Distillation 16 (heading) in Jewell House The oile of Benn..is made of the Italian nuts. 1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 268 The oil of Ben has no smell of it self, but will readily receive any smell that you would impart to it. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 337 Oil of ben..is much used by watchmakers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). benadv.prep.adj.n.¹ Brit. /bɛn/, U.S. /bɛn/, Scottish English /bɛn/ Forms: Middle English bene, Middle English– ben. Etymology: Appears first in 14th cent. There is no cognate in Scandinavian languages; so that it must be a dialect variant of Middle English binne , bin adv. and prep. ‘within’ < Old English binnan, cognate with Dutch, German binnen. Scottish and northern dialect. A. adv. a. Within, towards the inner part; esp. in or into an inner part of the house relatively, in or into the inner part absolutely; into the parlour, etc. from the kitchen; in the parlour or chamber.The words but and ben have special reference to the structure of dwelling houses formerly prevalent in the north, in which there was only one outer door, so that it was usual to enter through the kitchen into the parlour, and through the latter to an inner chamber, bedroom, or the like. In reference to the kitchen, the two latter rooms are ben and far-ben respectively; they constitute the ben-end of the house: in reference to the parlour, the kitchen is but, or but the house, or the but end. These phrases are retained even in more modern houses, where the parlour has a separate entrance: ‘go but’ = ‘go into the kitchen’; ‘come ben’ = come into the parlour, etc. Also apartments on opposite sides of a passage are said to be but and ben with each other, though neither is farther out or farther in than the other: come ben, go but are then used of either. Their occupants are said to live but and ben with each other. ΚΠ c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 39 Hyr cors þai tuk wp, & bare ben. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 271 Intumulat..Ben in the queir. 1686 G. Stuart Joco-serious Disc. 35 When doors stand open, dogs come ben. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 323 Baby [= Barbara], bring ben the tea-water..and we'll..steek the shop, and cry ben..and take a hand at the cartes. 1865 J. Groves in Harland Lanc. Lyrics 128 Come ben, an' shelter frae the storm. b. Phrases: but and ben: in the outer and inner apartment, in both (or all) parts of the house. to live but and ben with: see above. far ben: far within, in the innermost chamber; figurative admitted beyond the ante-room, or to special intimacy or favour, ‘far in.’ o'er far ben: too intimate. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > in the inner part of a building, farm, etc. > in the inner part of a house but and benc1375 the-ben1578 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > [adverb] > throughout the house but and benc1375 from garret to kitchen1712 from cellar to garret1828 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [adverb] > in(to) inner part of house but and benc1375 the-ben1578 c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Barthol. 22 Þe tempil..Wes fillit ful, but & bene. c1536 D. Lindsay Compl. Bagsche 137 I was anis als far ben as ȝe ar, And had in Court als greit credence. 1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xx. 83 Ye are..far ben in the palace of our Lord. 1786 R. Burns Holy Fair xviii, in Poems 49 Now, butt an' ben, the Change-house fills. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. i. 5 I admit I could not be so far ben as you lads. View more context for this quotation c. there-ben, corrupt. the-ben (cf. there-out), also ben-by (archaic): inside; = German darinnen. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > in the inner part of a building, farm, etc. > in the inner part of a house but and benc1375 the-ben1578 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [adverb] > in(to) inner part of house but and benc1375 the-ben1578 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages To Rdr. sig. A.iv^v For to bring but its Ill thats not thair ben. 1646 A. Henderson Let. Charles I 3 June in Papers betwixt His Majestie & Henderson in Εικον Βασιλικη 192 It cannot be brought But, that is not the Ben. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 33 (Jam.) Your bed s' be made the-ben. a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 167 The coat ben-by i' the kist-nook..Is brought yence mair thereout. B. prep. In or into the inner part of (a house). ΚΠ 1644 Articles against A. Fynnie in R. Law Memorialls (1818) Pref. p. lx Ye..bad the father and mother go ben the house a whylle. 1810 R. Tannahill Bonnie Wood in Poems (1846) 132 Far ben thy dark green planting's shade. 1827 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 897 When ye gaed ben the house. C. adj. Inner, interior: as in ben end, ben room. Compared benner, benmost. ΚΠ a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 149 The benmost part o' my kist nook. 1785 Select Coll. Poems Buchan Dial. 34 (Jam.) Their benner pantries. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck II. 18 I was a free man i' my ain ben-end. 1820 W. Scott Abbot III. ii. 32 A door leading into the ben or inner chamber of the cottage. D. n.¹ (Elliptical use of the adjective.) The inner room. ΚΠ 1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 339 The rent of a room and kitchen, or what..is stiled a but and a ben, gives at least two pounds sterling. 1807 J. Carr Caledonian Sketches 405 (Jam.) A tolerable hut is divided into three parts—a butt..a benn..and a byar, where the cattle are housed. 1887 N.E.D. at Ben Mod. Sc. ‘Their house is a long low thatched cottage consisting of a but, a ben, and a far-ben.’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.²1788n.³1559adv.prep.adj.n.¹c1375
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benn.2

benn.3

benadv.prep.adj.n.1

benn.²

benn.³

benadv.prep.adj.n.¹