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单词 otto
释义

otton.1

Brit. /ˈɒtəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɑdoʊ/
Forms: 1700s otr, 1700s otter, 1700s– ottar, 1700s– otto, 1800s otta.
Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Persian. Or (ii) a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Persian ʿaṭr; Arabic ʿiṭr.
Etymology: Either < Persian ʿaṭr, or < its etymon Arabic ʿiṭr (in Egyptian Arabic pronunciation ʿuṭr ) aroma (in full ʿiṭr al ward aroma of roses), perhaps re-formed after the personal name Otto or after Ottoman n.1 Compare attar n. N.E.D. gives the quot. below as the earliest example, with the reading ‘I left your kick With your cousin to buy otto’; the corrected reading is problematic but appears not to exemplify this headword.1639 J. Shirley Ball iv. sig. F4 So fare you well Lord, my I left your kicke With your cosin buy buy otter.
1. = attar n. Usually in otto of roses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > specifically
ewrosec1350
stacte1382
oil of rosesa1398
rose watera1398
sandalc1400
musk?a1425
damask water?1520
malabathrum1543
orris1545
civet1553
ambracan1555
rose cake1559
lavender-water1563
oil of spikenard1565
zibet1594
orange-flower water1595
orris powder?1600
spike-oil1611
angel water1634
cypress-powder1634
angelica1653
jasmine1670
jessamy1671
rosat1674
frangipane1676
marechale1676
orangery1676
tuberose1682
jasmine-water1750
otto1759
rose geranium1773
millefleurs1775
new-mown hay1789
attar1798
eau-de-Cologne1802
Cologne1814
dedes1817
eau de Portugal1825
verbena1837
rondeletia1838
bay-rum1840
Florida water1840
citronelle1841
patchouli1843
citronella1849
gardenia1851
sandalwood oil1851
Ess Bouquet1855
marmala water1857
mignonette1858
spikenard oil1861
sandalwood1865
serpolet1866
ylang-ylang1876
flower-water1886
lily1890
lilac1895
stephanotis1895
tea rose1897
chypre1898
Peau d'Espagne1898
violette de Parme1904
poppy1905
Parma violet1907
wallflower1907
1759 in J. Long Select. Unpubl. Rec. Govt. (1973) 254 1 otter box set with diamonds.
1772 E. Griffith Wife in the Right iii. 49 Her breath smells like Otto of roses.
1795 F. Reynolds Speculation i. 8 You might use otto of roses instead of lavender.
1813 G. R. tr. Horace Odes ii. xi, in T. Moore Intercepted Lett. 73 While Otto of Roses Refreshing all noses Shall sweetly exhale from our whiskers and wigs.
1818 T. L. Peacock Nightmare Abbey xi. 155 Dipping his handkerchief in blood or in otto of roses with the same polite empressement, and cutting a throat or an orange with the same grinning nonchalance.
1835 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 37 440 Sweet as ottar of roses distilled by the alchymic sun.
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xiv. 288 I..asked her what..de Hamal might have done with the precious fragments of that heart—..conserved them in otto of roses?
1908 Westm. Gaz. 30 Mar. 10/3 As a scent otto of violets has become increasingly popular each year.
1919 S. Kaye-Smith Tamarisk Town i. ii. 48 There was a drift of faint perfumes: flowers, macassar oil, otto of roses, lavender and peau d'espagne.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 431/1 Cold cream, ‘Otto of Rose’ jar, 1/3.
1991 A. Myers Murder at Masque vii. 143 The smell of her otto of roses mingling with the sea salt rushed to Alfred's head.
2. Originally (humorous): a distillate (also figurative); a liquid with a fragrant or characteristic odour. Now also, more generally: a distinctive smell. With of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume
pimentc1300
odoramentc1384
savouringc1384
odoura1425
aromatica1513
smella1533
fume1541
perfume1542
sweet-water?1543
scent1596
pomander1600
sweets1603
bisse1608
sweet-ball1617
plash1649
suffition1656
essence1661
odoratea1682
otto1822
aroma1830
nosegay1855
foo-foo1880
1822 J. Neal Logan: Family Hist. II. iv. 196 What was left, would be the purest element..that ever was extracted from mortality. It would be the otto of genius.
1823 J. Neal Errata I. xix. 304 Why, rot me, if thou art not the very otto of impudence.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. x. 100 The Captain, before issuing..scented himself with otto of whisky.
1942 E. Birney Anglosaxon Street in R. Brown & D. Bennett Anthol. Canad. Lit. in Eng. (1982) 400 Cellarrot Ottar of carexhaust catcorpse and cookinggrease.
1987 P. Muldoon Meeting the British 54 Flute-music, panting of hinds, her spindrift gaze; peacocks, sandalwood, the musky otto of her cleft.

Derivatives

ottoed adj. Obsolete rare perfumed with otto of roses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective] > smelling of specific things
rosat?c1425
rosetc1450
rosed1559
musked1576
musky1580
rosya1586
myrrhed1591
muskifiedc1600
roseal1601
olibian1605
roseate1611
honeysuckled1640
myrrhate1659
muscatelline1673
myrrhy1686
muskish1706
thymy1746
rose-scented1759
civeted1785
lily-scented1796
ottoed1810
citron-scented1817
camphory1826
camphoraceous1845
tea-scented1845
frankincensed1860
rose-like1866
sagey1871
camphorous1881
osier-odoured1881
lemony1894
lavendery1896
patchoulied1925
1810 Splendid Follies I. 177 An ell of ottoed cambric.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

Otton.2

Brit. /ˈɒtəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɑdoʊ/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Otto.
Etymology: < the name of Nikolaus August Otto (1832–91), German engineer.
1. attributive. Designating (a) the four-stroke cycle employed in most petrol and gas engines, of which the four stages are ideally characterized as adiabatic compression, heat addition at constant volume, adiabatic expansion, and heat loss at constant volume; (b) an engine employing this cycle. Frequently in Otto cycle, Otto engine.This cycle was first described by A. Beau de Rochas in 1862, but Otto was the first to build an engine employing it (in 1876) after conceiving the idea independently.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > engine employing specific cycle
Otto engine1878
Otto1886
two-stroke1963
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > engine employing specific cycle > cycle of
Otto cycle1878
1870 Rep. U.S. Commissioners Paris Universal Expos. 1867 iii. 60 (heading) Otto & Langen's gas-engine.]
1878 Sci. Amer. 30 Mar. 195/1 The new Otto horizontal gas engine..closely resembles the ordinary horizontal steam engine.
1885 W. Macgregor Gas Engines ii. 81 The original and classic type of the Otto engine has received improvements at the hands of both its German and English manufacturers.
1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine vii. 183 The indicator diagrams prove the very efficient nature of the Otto cycle.
1930 Engineering 7 Feb. 186/1 Theoretically, the Otto cycle..promised higher efficiencies than the constant-pressure Diesel cycle.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VII. 201/1 For an Otto engine, an increase in either the air temperature or density increases the tendency of the engine to knock.
1997 BBC Top Gear Mag. Nov. 13/4 By adding an electric motor and a ultra-capacitor, Honda has turned the one-in-four power stroke of the Otto cycle into a four-in-four system.
2. An Otto engine. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > engine employing specific cycle
Otto engine1878
Otto1886
two-stroke1963
1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine vi. 106 The Otto is only half single acting.
1903 Work 25 18/2 Petrol car engines are of the vertical single-acting Otto type, any variations consisting chiefly of horizontal Ottos.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Otton.3

Brit. /ˈɒtəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɑdoʊ/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Otto.
Etymology: < the name of E. C. F. Otto, who invented the dicycle in 1879.
Cycling. Now historical.
More fully Otto dicycle, Otto cycle. A kind of dicycle enjoying some popularity in the early 1880s (see quot. 1958).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > bicycle > early type of > with wheels side by side
Otto1879
dicycle1887
1879 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 29 Oct. 311/1 We..had an agreeable surprise on beholding the Otto for the first time.
1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. Sept. 284 My experience is that the ‘Otto’ is more easily ridden uphill than the F.S. tricycle.
1887 Viscount Bury & G. L. Hillier Cycling (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xiii. 369 All Ottos built before 1882 were fitted with block breaks.
1958 C. F. Caunter Handbk. Coll. Cycles (Sci. Mus.) ii. 12 The Otto cycle soon became somewhat popular, as it was considered less dangerous than the ordinary high bicycle, but the subsequent development of the safety bicycle led to its complete abandonment.
1994 Sports Illustr. 22 Aug. 70/3 The most valuable piece is an 1881 Otto dicycle.

Derivatives

ˈOttoist n. a rider of an Otto dicycle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > cycling > [noun] > cyclist > on specific bicycle
Ottoist1885
1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. Sept. 284 One or more tricyclists who are in the habit of riding with good Ottoists.
1994 N. Clayton Early Bicycles (Shire Album No. 173) 19/2 Known as the ‘dicycle’ and its adherents as ‘Ottoists’, it survived despite the financial setbacks of its promoter for almost ten years during which time nearly one thousand were sold.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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