osmiumn.

Brit.

/ˈɒzmɪəm/, U.S.

/ˈɑzmiəm/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek ὀσμή , -ium suffix.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ὀσμή odour (see osmo- comb. form¹) + -ium suffix; coined by Smithson Tennant following his discovery of the element in 1803 (see quot. 1804 at main sense). Compare French osmium (1803), Italian osmio (1819). N.E.D. (1903) also gives the pronunciation (ǫ·smiɒ̆m /ˈɒsmɪəm/.

Chemistry.

A dense white metallic element, atomic no. 76, which belongs to the platinum group of transition metals and is used as a constituent of various hard alloys. Symbol Os.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > osmium > [noun]

osmium1804

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > metals of platinum group > specific

palladium1803

iridium1804

osmium1804

rhodium1804

1804 S. Tennant in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 416 A pungent and peculiar smell... This smell..arises from the extrication of a very volatile metallic oxide; and, as this smell is one of its most distinguishing characters, I should on that account incline to call the metal Osmium.

1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 260 Osmium..is chiefly remarkable for forming with oxygen a volatile acid, which has a pungent smell, like that of chlorine, and is very poisonous.

1925 Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. 21 54 These facts are held to confirm the octavalency of osmium.

1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxv. 1246 Osmium is also used in the production of very hard alloys for such things as instrument pivots.

2001 Contact May 83/3 Not great bedtime reading, but if you want to refresh yourself on the fundamentals of osmium (the heaviest metal known to mankind), this is the place to find it.

Compounds

osmium lamp n. now rare an electric lamp in which the filament is made of osmium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > filament lamp > other type of

osmium lamp1907

1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 14/2 The osmium lamp..was expensive to start with, and could be used only in the pendent position.

1952 H. Hewitt Mod. Lighting Technique iv. 34 Whilst further developments such as the Nernst lamp, the osmium lamp and the tantalum lamp were all of technical interest, it was not until the adoption of the tungsten filament by Coolidge in 1909 that there was any considerable advance towards more efficient electric lamps.

osmium tetroxide n. a poisonous, pale yellow solid, OsO₄, that has a distinctively pungent, harmful vapour and is used in solution as a biological stain, esp. for lipids, and as a fixative; also called osmic acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > staining material

osmium tetroxide1869

picrocarmine1872

rose bengal1878

stain1880

erythrosin1884

Gram stain1884

vesuvin1885

Nile blue1888

pyronin1895

Janus green1898

counterstain1899

Nissl stain1899

Leishman stain1904

trypan blue1911

quinacrine mustard1957

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical tests > indicators > [noun] > other indicators or biological stains

osmium tetroxide1869

thionine1886

neutral violet1890

carbol-fuchsin1891

triacid1896

1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 279 Osmium tetroxide, and the trioxides of arsenic and antimony, are readily volatile.

1893 Amer. Naturalist 27 175 The osmic acid so valuable to the histologist as a fixing reagent, is known to the chemist as osmium tetroxide, OsO₄, and is one of the series of osmium compounds with oxygen.

1974 Nature 18 Jan. 145/1 White Leghorn chicken embryos..were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	osmium
释义	osmiumn. Brit. /ˈɒzmɪəm/, U.S. /ˈɑzmiəm/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek ὀσμή , -ium suffix. Etymology: < ancient Greek ὀσμή odour (see osmo- comb. form¹) + -ium suffix; coined by Smithson Tennant following his discovery of the element in 1803 (see quot. 1804 at main sense). Compare French osmium (1803), Italian osmio (1819). N.E.D. (1903) also gives the pronunciation (ǫ·smiɒ̆m /ˈɒsmɪəm/. Chemistry. A dense white metallic element, atomic no. 76, which belongs to the platinum group of transition metals and is used as a constituent of various hard alloys. Symbol Os. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > osmium > [noun] osmium1804 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > metals of platinum group > specific palladium1803 iridium1804 osmium1804 rhodium1804 1804 S. Tennant in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 416 A pungent and peculiar smell... This smell..arises from the extrication of a very volatile metallic oxide; and, as this smell is one of its most distinguishing characters, I should on that account incline to call the metal Osmium. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 260 Osmium..is chiefly remarkable for forming with oxygen a volatile acid, which has a pungent smell, like that of chlorine, and is very poisonous. 1925 Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. 21 54 These facts are held to confirm the octavalency of osmium. 1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxv. 1246 Osmium is also used in the production of very hard alloys for such things as instrument pivots. 2001 Contact May 83/3 Not great bedtime reading, but if you want to refresh yourself on the fundamentals of osmium (the heaviest metal known to mankind), this is the place to find it. Compounds osmium lamp n. now rare an electric lamp in which the filament is made of osmium. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > filament lamp > other type of osmium lamp1907 1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 14/2 The osmium lamp..was expensive to start with, and could be used only in the pendent position. 1952 H. Hewitt Mod. Lighting Technique iv. 34 Whilst further developments such as the Nernst lamp, the osmium lamp and the tantalum lamp were all of technical interest, it was not until the adoption of the tungsten filament by Coolidge in 1909 that there was any considerable advance towards more efficient electric lamps. osmium tetroxide n. a poisonous, pale yellow solid, OsO₄, that has a distinctively pungent, harmful vapour and is used in solution as a biological stain, esp. for lipids, and as a fixative; also called osmic acid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > staining material osmium tetroxide1869 picrocarmine1872 rose bengal1878 stain1880 erythrosin1884 Gram stain1884 vesuvin1885 Nile blue1888 pyronin1895 Janus green1898 counterstain1899 Nissl stain1899 Leishman stain1904 trypan blue1911 quinacrine mustard1957 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical tests > indicators > [noun] > other indicators or biological stains osmium tetroxide1869 thionine1886 neutral violet1890 carbol-fuchsin1891 triacid1896 1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 279 Osmium tetroxide, and the trioxides of arsenic and antimony, are readily volatile. 1893 Amer. Naturalist 27 175 The osmic acid so valuable to the histologist as a fixing reagent, is known to the chemist as osmium tetroxide, OsO₄, and is one of the series of osmium compounds with oxygen. 1974 Nature 18 Jan. 145/1 White Leghorn chicken embryos..were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1804
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