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单词 osmic
释义

osmicadj.1

Brit. /ˈɒzmɪk/, U.S. /ˈɑzmɪk/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: osmium n., -ic suffix.
Etymology: < osm- (in osmium n.) + -ic suffix. Compare French osmique (1838). N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (ǫ·smik, ǫ·z-) /ˈɒsmɪk/, /ˈɒzmɪk/.
Chemistry.
Of or containing the element osmium, esp. in one of its higher oxidation states; derived from or containing osmic acid (see Compounds).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > osmium > [adjective]
osmic1829
osmious1849
1829 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 119 8 The crucible is to be heated to a good red in an open fire, until the ingredients are reduced to a pasty state; when osmic fumes will be found to arise from it.
1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 772 The finer structure can be studied to best advantage after treatment with osmic carmine.
1924 Bot. Gaz. 77 14 Some of it [sc. a fungal specimen] was killed in picro-sublimate and some in Flemming's weak chrom-acetic osmic solution.
1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xv. 754 Treatment of alkenes with the osmium compounds R—N=OsO3 (R = t-butyl or 1-adamantyl), followed by reductive cleavage with LiAlH4 of the initially-formed osmic esters.
1984 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 305 194 A similar reticulum..can be found in two different species and after at least two different fixatives (osmic vapour and glutaraldehyde) have been used.

Compounds

osmic acid n. (a) osmium tetroxide, OsO4; a solution of this, used esp. as a biological stain for lipids and as a fixative for microscopy; (b) the acid H2OsO4, known chiefly in solution or in the form of its salts (osmates).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids-named > containing osmium
osmic acid1842
osmiamic acid1852
1842 T. Graham Elements Chem. ii. v. 692 Osmic acid, OsO4, or the volatile oxide of osmium is best obtained by the combustion of osmium in a glass tube through which a stream of oxygen gas is passed [etc.].
1879 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. ii. 458 In addition to these the salts of osmic acid, H2OsO4, are known, but neither the acid nor the corresponding oxide, OsO3, have been prepared.
1913 Proc. Royal Soc. 1912–13 B. 86 389 Many methods of fixation have been tried, principally with the view of obtaining a better fixation of blood parasites. The Method described below..is more faithful than even osmic acid.
1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1499 Hexavalent osmium... There are two binary compounds..and a considerable number of complex salts, all of which are in some sense derivatives of osmic acid H2OsO4.
1991 Acta Neuropathologica 81 540/2 For the post-embedding method, specimens from the frontal lobe fixed in the same way were post-fixed with 2% osmic acid and processed for epoxy resin embedding.
osmic chloride n. Obsolete rare osmium tetrachloride, OsCl4.
ΚΠ
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 442 Osmic chloride, OsCl4, is the red compound..obtained by igniting osmium in chlorine gas.
osmic oxide n. Obsolete osmium dioxide, OsO2.
ΚΠ
1858 H. Watts & R. Bridges Graham's Elem. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) 628 A solution of this double salt, mixed with carbonate of potash or soda, affords..the corresponding bioxide of osmium or osmic oxide, OsO2.
1880 S. W. Johnson tr. C. R. Fresenius Man. Qualitative Chem. Anal. (new ed.) i. §.3. 167 The metal, the hypo-osmious oxide (OsO), and the osmic oxide (OsO2) oxidize readily when heated to redness in the air.
osmic tetroxide n. osmium tetroxide, OsO4.
ΚΠ
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 440 The tetroxide, RuO4, is a volatile compound, analogous to osmic tetroxide.
1946 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 232 326 When material was..dropped on to the slide with a little 1% osmic tetroxide, cells identical with the Monas-like organism were..observed in small numbers near the ends of the tubular stalks.
2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 444/1 Selected samples were fixed with osmic tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

osmicadj.2

Brit. /ˈɒzmɪk/, U.S. /ˈɑzmɪk/
Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek ὀσμή , -ic suffix.
Etymology: < ancient Greek ὀσμή smell, odour (see osmo- comb. form1) + -ic suffix; apparently coined by K. Dunlap Syst. Psychol. (1912) 39 (compare quot. 1912 at main sense). Compare slightly later osmics n.
Of or relating to the sense of smell. Also: relating to odour. Cf. osmics n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [adjective]
strongOE
savouringc1384
breatheda1398
flairinga1400
smellinga1400
odorifere?a1425
odorous?a1425
smellablec1449
odoranta1465
odoriferousc1487
odiferousa1500
odoureda1500
odiferant1509
redolent?a1513
reflairing1523
odoriferantc1550
scenting1577
odorable1589
breathful1593
fat1598
olent1607
smelled1617
odorific1685
tainted1704
odourful1889
osmic1912
1912 K. Dunlap Syst. Psychol. iv. 51 Other persons, whose osmic sensitivity extends slightly lower, find that prussic acid has a distinct odor.
1938 G. M. Dyson in Chem. & Industry 16 648/1 Certain chemical groups and configurations..lead to the development of intra-molecular frequencies capable of affecting the osmic sensory processes. These are referred to, subsequently, as the osmic frequencies.
1966 Nature 5 Feb. 551/1 The osmic properties that have been identified are the non-specific ones. They do not correlate with particular odours such as those of rose..or peppermint.
1985 New Scientist 23 May 11/2 A predator doused by skunk's osmic barrage is doubtless deterred.

Derivatives

ˈosmically adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [adverb] > by study or measurement of
osmically1912
olfactronically1966
1912 K. Dunlap Syst. Psychol. iv. 53 Some persons are osmically as keen as the lower animals.
1966 Nature 5 Feb. 551/1 The fact is that the osmically specific properties of odorous substances have still not been securely identified.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.11829adj.21912
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