organismn.

Brit.

/ˈɔːɡənɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈɔːɡn̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈɔrɡəˌnɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: organ n.¹, -ism suffix.

Etymology: < organ n.¹ + -ism suffix. Compare post-classical Latin organismus (12th cent. in sense ‘polyphony (of voices)’, 1706 in sense ‘organic structure’), French organisme (1687 in sense ‘divine mechanism of organic bodies’, 1729 in sense 3a).

†1. Organic structure; = organicity n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement

ordination?a1425

structure1587

syntax1605

system1699

organism1701

classification1767

organization1790

systematization1838

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. iii. §11 It is the advantagious Organism of the Eye, by which that is procured.

1706 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 4) 353 So astonishing and wonderful is the organism, parts and functions of plants and trees.

1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority Relig. ii. ii. §3. 245 From the complexion of the language and the organism of the style.

a. A whole with interdependent parts, compared to a living being; an organic system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole > an organized or collective whole

altogethereOE

body1340

corpse1533

universality1561

globe?1594

orb1603

ensemble1703

organism1768

organity1929

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 277 When an artist has finished a fiddle to give all the notes in the gamut, but not without a hand to play upon it, this is an organism.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. vi. 299 The weight of the strong Protestant organism..might have balanced the great Catholic League.

1900 J. D. Robertson Holy Spirit iii. 53 Paul first taught us to speak of society as an organism.

1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Aug. 44/3 A burbland created almost all at once, very fast and virtually ex nihilo, right after the war, a self-contained social organism.

b. Philosophy. The theory that in science everything is ultimately an organic part of an integrated whole.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > organism or process philosophy

organism1925

process philosophy1940

1925 A. N. Whitehead Sci. & Mod. World (1926) 112 This doctrine involves the abandonment of the traditional scientific materialism, and the substitution of an alternative doctrine of organism.

1928 Jrnl. Philos. Stud. 3 33 He [sc. Lloyd Morgan] saw no reason why the term organism should not be applied to all those ‘natural entities’, as he called them, existing throughout the universe in emergent degrees of complexity.

1959 A. W. Levi Philos. & Mod. World xii. 486 The ‘philosophy of organism’..suggests the synthesis of incompatibles.

1965 E. E. Harris Found. of Metaphys. in Sci. xiv. 282 The appropriate philosophy for contemporary science must be..a philosophy of organism.

a. An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. Also: the material structure of such an individual; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > [noun]

structure1683

organization1707

individual1746

series1748

organism1834

macroorganism1941

1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 359 The introduction of new powers into an organism necessarily requires a modification in its mode of development.

1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) i. 40 There are formations which yield their organisms slowly to the discoverer.

1858 G. H. Lewes Sea-side Stud. 157 The simplest organisms breathe, exhale, secrete, absorb, and reproduce by their envelopes alone.

1882 A. W. Ward Dickens vii. 205 A mental and moral vigour supported by a splendid physical organism.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 60 Wounded and insulted in the most sensitive part of his organism.

1924 C. Mackenzie Old Men of Sea viii. 116 His was a cruel paralysis by which one complete half of his organism had been affected.

1976 P. Parish Medicines i. i. 18 The most obvious example is the cure of disease by drugs such as antibiotics, which destroy the invading organisms that were making the patient ill.

1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) i. 3 All living organisms are composed of cells.

b. Organized existence as a whole. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > [noun] > in the mass

organism1887

1887 J. Ruskin Præterita II. x. 336 That quality of beauty which I now saw to exist through all the happy conditions of living organism.

1996 Blueprint July 26/2 In developing from the New York Deconstructivist Show,..Libeskind now talks a mean line in civic participation and new patterns of social organism.

Compounds

organism–environment adj. of, relating to, or designating the relationship between an organism and its environment.

ΚΠ

1946 C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior iii. 84 One action rather than another..is ‘required’ by the organism-environment situation.

1958 New Biol. 26 84 His [sc. man's] social, mental, and technological achievements do not make his ‘organism-environment’ relationship less important than that of other animals.

2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 9892 Our findings illustrate the potential for organism-environment interactions to modify the direction as well as the magnitude of global change effects on ecosystem functioning.

Derivatives

orgaˈnismal adj. of, relating to, or concerned with an organism or organisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > [adjective] > relating to

organical1643

organic1796

structural1804

enorganic1846

organismal1861

organistic1910

1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes iv. 125 The power of organic chemistry to alter and extend the organismal sciences was felt and acknowledged by all.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. p. xi The outlook of these branches of zoology is necessarily organismal, and throughout the book this outlook has been adopted.

2003 Sunday Times (Nexis) 14 Sept. (University Guide) 34 Molecular biosciences; organismal biosciences; pharmacology and pharmacy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	organism
释义	organismn. Brit. /ˈɔːɡənɪz(ə)m/, /ˈɔːɡn̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈɔrɡəˌnɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: organ n.¹, -ism suffix. Etymology: < organ n.¹ + -ism suffix. Compare post-classical Latin organismus (12th cent. in sense ‘polyphony (of voices)’, 1706 in sense ‘organic structure’), French organisme (1687 in sense ‘divine mechanism of organic bodies’, 1729 in sense 3a). †1. Organic structure; = organicity n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement ordination?a1425 structure1587 syntax1605 system1699 organism1701 classification1767 organization1790 systematization1838 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. iii. §11 It is the advantagious Organism of the Eye, by which that is procured. 1706 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 4) 353 So astonishing and wonderful is the organism, parts and functions of plants and trees. 1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority Relig. ii. ii. §3. 245 From the complexion of the language and the organism of the style. 2. a. A whole with interdependent parts, compared to a living being; an organic system. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole > an organized or collective whole altogethereOE body1340 corpse1533 universality1561 globe?1594 orb1603 ensemble1703 organism1768 organity1929 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 277 When an artist has finished a fiddle to give all the notes in the gamut, but not without a hand to play upon it, this is an organism. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. vi. 299 The weight of the strong Protestant organism..might have balanced the great Catholic League. 1900 J. D. Robertson Holy Spirit iii. 53 Paul first taught us to speak of society as an organism. 1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Aug. 44/3 A burbland created almost all at once, very fast and virtually ex nihilo, right after the war, a self-contained social organism. b. Philosophy. The theory that in science everything is ultimately an organic part of an integrated whole. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > organism or process philosophy organism1925 process philosophy1940 1925 A. N. Whitehead Sci. & Mod. World (1926) 112 This doctrine involves the abandonment of the traditional scientific materialism, and the substitution of an alternative doctrine of organism. 1928 Jrnl. Philos. Stud. 3 33 He [sc. Lloyd Morgan] saw no reason why the term organism should not be applied to all those ‘natural entities’, as he called them, existing throughout the universe in emergent degrees of complexity. 1959 A. W. Levi Philos. & Mod. World xii. 486 The ‘philosophy of organism’..suggests the synthesis of incompatibles. 1965 E. E. Harris Found. of Metaphys. in Sci. xiv. 282 The appropriate philosophy for contemporary science must be..a philosophy of organism. 3. a. An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. Also: the material structure of such an individual; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > [noun] structure1683 organization1707 individual1746 series1748 organism1834 macroorganism1941 1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 359 The introduction of new powers into an organism necessarily requires a modification in its mode of development. 1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) i. 40 There are formations which yield their organisms slowly to the discoverer. 1858 G. H. Lewes Sea-side Stud. 157 The simplest organisms breathe, exhale, secrete, absorb, and reproduce by their envelopes alone. 1882 A. W. Ward Dickens vii. 205 A mental and moral vigour supported by a splendid physical organism. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 60 Wounded and insulted in the most sensitive part of his organism. 1924 C. Mackenzie Old Men of Sea viii. 116 His was a cruel paralysis by which one complete half of his organism had been affected. 1976 P. Parish Medicines i. i. 18 The most obvious example is the cure of disease by drugs such as antibiotics, which destroy the invading organisms that were making the patient ill. 1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) i. 3 All living organisms are composed of cells. b. Organized existence as a whole. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > [noun] > in the mass organism1887 1887 J. Ruskin Præterita II. x. 336 That quality of beauty which I now saw to exist through all the happy conditions of living organism. 1996 Blueprint July 26/2 In developing from the New York Deconstructivist Show,..Libeskind now talks a mean line in civic participation and new patterns of social organism. Compounds organism–environment adj. of, relating to, or designating the relationship between an organism and its environment. ΚΠ 1946 C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior iii. 84 One action rather than another..is ‘required’ by the organism-environment situation. 1958 New Biol. 26 84 His [sc. man's] social, mental, and technological achievements do not make his ‘organism-environment’ relationship less important than that of other animals. 2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 9892 Our findings illustrate the potential for organism-environment interactions to modify the direction as well as the magnitude of global change effects on ecosystem functioning. Derivatives orgaˈnismal adj. of, relating to, or concerned with an organism or organisms. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > [adjective] > relating to organical1643 organic1796 structural1804 enorganic1846 organismal1861 organistic1910 1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes iv. 125 The power of organic chemistry to alter and extend the organismal sciences was felt and acknowledged by all. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. p. xi The outlook of these branches of zoology is necessarily organismal, and throughout the book this outlook has been adopted. 2003 Sunday Times (Nexis) 14 Sept. (University Guide) 34 Molecular biosciences; organismal biosciences; pharmacology and pharmacy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1701
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