Osagen.adj.

Brit.

/əʊˈseɪdʒ/,

/ˈəʊseɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈoʊˌseɪdʒ/

Inflections: Plural Osages, unchanged.

Forms: 1600s– Osage, 1700s Ozage, 1700s Zage, 1800s Osarge, 1800s Ossag. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Osage.

Etymology: < French Osage, Ozage (1688; 1673–4 as Ouchage) < Osage wažáže, self-designation.In the 19th cent. a large number of forms reflect attempts to reproduce the original Osage form. These include Huashasha, Huzaa, Huzzaw, Osawsee, Wahasha, Wasagè, Wasasa, Washasha, Wassashasha, Wassashsha, Wausashe, Wawsashe, Wazhazhe, and Wossoshe.

A. n.

a. A member of a North American Indian people originally contacted in the Osage river valley, Missouri, living during the 19th cent. in south-eastern Kansas, and now mainly inhabiting north-eastern Oklahoma.Early 19th-cent. sources frequently refer to the divisions within this people, esp. to that between the Grand (also Great) Osage and the Little (also Lesser) Osage (see quot. 1797 and cf. quot. 1810).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [noun] > Siouan

Assiniboine1690

Missouri1698

Osage1698

Santee1698

Teton1698

Yankton1698

Sioux1703

Kansa1722

Otoe1760

Omaha1761

Maha1778

Big Belly1785

Mandan1790

Minnetaree1796

Crow1801

Dakota1804

Gros Ventre1804

Kaw1804

Miniconjou1804

Ponca1804

Absaroka1812

Oglala1825

Missourian1833

Lakota1846

Dakotan1871

Hidatsa1873

Siouan1885

1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. i. 141 The Nations of the Osages, Cikaga, and Akansa, came to see us.

1722 D. Coxe Descr. Carolana 16 The Yellow [River] is called the River of the Massorites, from a great Nation inhabiting in many Towns near its juncture with the River of the Ozages.

1797 J. MacKay in A. P. Nasatir Before Lewis & Clark (1952) II. 487 Two old villages of the Little Osages and Missourias.

1810 Z. M. Pike Jrnls. (1996) ii. 32 The Osage nation is divided into three villages..viz.; the Grand Osage, the Little Osage, and those of the Arkansaw.

1821 T. Nuttall Jrnl. Trav. Arkansa Territory 191 Two very handsome young men of the Osages..endeavoured..to hack off a musquetoe bier.

1872 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 1 5 This custom exists among the Shyennes, Omahas, Iowas, Kaws, Osages, Blackfeet, Crees, Minnitarees, Crows and other tribes.

1931 C. Turner tr. E. von Schmidt-Pauli We Indians xiii. 132 The long-drawn-out and piercing war-cry of the Osages.

1973 A. H. Whiteford N. Amer. Indian Arts 90 Oto and Osage also wove hat and neck bands of horsehair.

1991 Nature Conservancy May 28/1 The site's only remaining Native American tribe, the Osage, will continue to control the land's mineral rights.

b. The Siouan language of the Osage, belonging to the Dhegiha group of Central Siouan languages.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Sioux language family > languages of

Sioux1776

Missouri1804

Osage1804

Mandan1805

Winnebago1831

Yuchi1836

Crow1846

Otoe1848

Yankton1849

Dakotana1856

Assiniboine1872

Teton1877

Santee1882

Kansa1933

Oglala1933

Lakota1939

Omaha1957

Hidatsa1964

Ho-Chunk1997

1804 W. Clark Jrnl. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark (1986) II. 438 The Osage & Kansies are the Same language.

1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. xxiii. 217 He stepped up to Glenville..and began an unintelligible gabble of English and Osage.

1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 154 The Nicaraguan Masaya is related to the North American Mandan, Yankton, Winnebago, Dahkota, Osage or Sioux.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Siouan family includes..Dakota,..Omaha, Osage, [etc.].

1945 J. J. Mathews Talking to Moon 87 She..said in Osage to the chief, ‘I want to tell my son about the way we did things.’

1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 773/2 Osage is still spoken.

2. Frequently in form osage. = Osage orange n. Cf. sense B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > North American trees or shrubs > [noun] > Osage orange

mock orange1814

Osage orange1817

Maclura1818

Osage1884

1884 N.Y. Weekly Tribune 6 Aug. 13/2 I first fed osage, but being so tedious to gather I quit the hedge and went to the woods for mulberry.

1998 Guardian 3 Dec. (Online section) 9/3 Barbed wire was inspired by a Texas thorn called osage.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or designating the Osage or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [adjective] > Siouan

Assiniboine1743

Missouri1765

Mandan1794

Otoe1794

Crow1804

Maha1804

Osage1804

Gros Ventre1805

Oglala1805

Kansa1806

Dakota1809

Teton1814

Yankton1825

Lakota1846

1804 W. Clark Let. 21 May in Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 196 Capt. Lewis..has been detained at St. Louis to fix off the Osage Chiefs.

1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. 134 We marched, leaving the Osage trace, which we had hitherto followed.

1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. xli. 75 She brought from the cabin the buffalo robe bestowed by the Osage warchief.

1889 Polit. Sci. Q. 4 467 The railroad line in this case ran through the Osage reservation.

1906 Indian Affairs: Laws & Treaties (U.S.) (1913) III. 253 All lands belonging to the Osage tribe of Indians..shall be divided among the members of said tribe.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VII. 602/3 The discovery of oil on the Osage reservation in the late 19th century..made the Osage a uniquely prosperous people.

1991 U.S. News & World Rep. Nov. 59/1 He took the name Heat Moon to honor his Osage kinsman, who may have been born in July, which Indians consider the time of the heat moon.

2. Frequently in form osage. Of or designating the Osage orange. Also: made of Osage orange wood.

ΚΠ

1856 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1855: Agric. 316 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (34th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 12) VI The Osage plant has, at all periods of its growth, a tap-root.

1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxv. 337 In one portion of the osage hedge that surrounded the place, the lower branches had died, leaving a small opening.

1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xv. 102 An osage hedge and a board fence respectively bounded the side and back.

1930 E. Ferber Cimarron 92 She had planted the first young fruit trees, the vegetable and flower garden that now flourished in the encircling Osage hedge.

1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) v. 63 The southern osage wood inside the bow shone the color of sunlight just before sunset.

Compounds

Osage apple n. = Osage orange n.

ΚΠ

1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 10 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark (1986) II. 208 No appearance of the buds of the Osage Apple, the Osage Plumb has put forth their leaves and flower buds.

1823 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 75 The bow wood, or osage apple,..was met with in thickets upon the Red river.

1964 R. L. Taylor Plants Colonial Days 63 Osage orange, a member of the mulberry family, Moraceae, is also called bowwood and bois d'Arc.., Osage apple tree, and hedgetree.

2002 Tulsa World (Nexis) 13 Oct. d4 Mrs. DeHaven's Flower Shop created centerpieces of Red River roses, Osage apples, Oklahoma wild prairie grasses, salvia, clover, wild fruits and berries.

† Osage thorn n. Obsolete = Osage orange n.

ΚΠ

1854 W. Walker Let. 19 Jan. in Proc. Nebraska State Hist. Soc. (1899) 2nd Ser. III. 66 There are to be found..an abundance of stone for building houses and fences, added for the latter purpose Osage thorn, Stone coal for fuel.

1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 247 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The principles of growing, plans of arrangement, and the most suitable methods of training or directing the growth of the Osage thorn, as a hedging plant.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	osage
释义	Osagen.adj. Brit. /əʊˈseɪdʒ/, /ˈəʊseɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈoʊˌseɪdʒ/ Inflections: Plural Osages, unchanged. Forms: 1600s– Osage, 1700s Ozage, 1700s Zage, 1800s Osarge, 1800s Ossag. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Osage. Etymology: < French Osage, Ozage (1688; 1673–4 as Ouchage) < Osage wažáže, self-designation.In the 19th cent. a large number of forms reflect attempts to reproduce the original Osage form. These include Huashasha, Huzaa, Huzzaw, Osawsee, Wahasha, Wasagè, Wasasa, Washasha, Wassashasha, Wassashsha, Wausashe, Wawsashe, Wazhazhe, and Wossoshe. A. n. 1. a. A member of a North American Indian people originally contacted in the Osage river valley, Missouri, living during the 19th cent. in south-eastern Kansas, and now mainly inhabiting north-eastern Oklahoma.Early 19th-cent. sources frequently refer to the divisions within this people, esp. to that between the Grand (also Great) Osage and the Little (also Lesser) Osage (see quot. 1797 and cf. quot. 1810). ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [noun] > Siouan Assiniboine1690 Missouri1698 Osage1698 Santee1698 Teton1698 Yankton1698 Sioux1703 Kansa1722 Otoe1760 Omaha1761 Maha1778 Big Belly1785 Mandan1790 Minnetaree1796 Crow1801 Dakota1804 Gros Ventre1804 Kaw1804 Miniconjou1804 Ponca1804 Absaroka1812 Oglala1825 Missourian1833 Lakota1846 Dakotan1871 Hidatsa1873 Siouan1885 1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. i. 141 The Nations of the Osages, Cikaga, and Akansa, came to see us. 1722 D. Coxe Descr. Carolana 16 The Yellow [River] is called the River of the Massorites, from a great Nation inhabiting in many Towns near its juncture with the River of the Ozages. 1797 J. MacKay in A. P. Nasatir Before Lewis & Clark (1952) II. 487 Two old villages of the Little Osages and Missourias. 1810 Z. M. Pike Jrnls. (1996) ii. 32 The Osage nation is divided into three villages..viz.; the Grand Osage, the Little Osage, and those of the Arkansaw. 1821 T. Nuttall Jrnl. Trav. Arkansa Territory 191 Two very handsome young men of the Osages..endeavoured..to hack off a musquetoe bier. 1872 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 1 5 This custom exists among the Shyennes, Omahas, Iowas, Kaws, Osages, Blackfeet, Crees, Minnitarees, Crows and other tribes. 1931 C. Turner tr. E. von Schmidt-Pauli We Indians xiii. 132 The long-drawn-out and piercing war-cry of the Osages. 1973 A. H. Whiteford N. Amer. Indian Arts 90 Oto and Osage also wove hat and neck bands of horsehair. 1991 Nature Conservancy May 28/1 The site's only remaining Native American tribe, the Osage, will continue to control the land's mineral rights. b. The Siouan language of the Osage, belonging to the Dhegiha group of Central Siouan languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Sioux language family > languages of Sioux1776 Missouri1804 Osage1804 Mandan1805 Winnebago1831 Yuchi1836 Crow1846 Otoe1848 Yankton1849 Dakotana1856 Assiniboine1872 Teton1877 Santee1882 Kansa1933 Oglala1933 Lakota1939 Omaha1957 Hidatsa1964 Ho-Chunk1997 1804 W. Clark Jrnl. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark (1986) II. 438 The Osage & Kansies are the Same language. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. xxiii. 217 He stepped up to Glenville..and began an unintelligible gabble of English and Osage. 1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 154 The Nicaraguan Masaya is related to the North American Mandan, Yankton, Winnebago, Dahkota, Osage or Sioux. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Siouan family includes..Dakota,..Omaha, Osage, [etc.]. 1945 J. J. Mathews Talking to Moon 87 She..said in Osage to the chief, ‘I want to tell my son about the way we did things.’ 1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 773/2 Osage is still spoken. 2. Frequently in form osage. = Osage orange n. Cf. sense B. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > North American trees or shrubs > [noun] > Osage orange mock orange1814 Osage orange1817 Maclura1818 Osage1884 1884 N.Y. Weekly Tribune 6 Aug. 13/2 I first fed osage, but being so tedious to gather I quit the hedge and went to the woods for mulberry. 1998 Guardian 3 Dec. (Online section) 9/3 Barbed wire was inspired by a Texas thorn called osage. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or designating the Osage or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [adjective] > Siouan Assiniboine1743 Missouri1765 Mandan1794 Otoe1794 Crow1804 Maha1804 Osage1804 Gros Ventre1805 Oglala1805 Kansa1806 Dakota1809 Teton1814 Yankton1825 Lakota1846 1804 W. Clark Let. 21 May in Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 196 Capt. Lewis..has been detained at St. Louis to fix off the Osage Chiefs. 1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. 134 We marched, leaving the Osage trace, which we had hitherto followed. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase II. xli. 75 She brought from the cabin the buffalo robe bestowed by the Osage warchief. 1889 Polit. Sci. Q. 4 467 The railroad line in this case ran through the Osage reservation. 1906 Indian Affairs: Laws & Treaties (U.S.) (1913) III. 253 All lands belonging to the Osage tribe of Indians..shall be divided among the members of said tribe. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VII. 602/3 The discovery of oil on the Osage reservation in the late 19th century..made the Osage a uniquely prosperous people. 1991 U.S. News & World Rep. Nov. 59/1 He took the name Heat Moon to honor his Osage kinsman, who may have been born in July, which Indians consider the time of the heat moon. 2. Frequently in form osage. Of or designating the Osage orange. Also: made of Osage orange wood. ΚΠ 1856 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1855: Agric. 316 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (34th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 12) VI The Osage plant has, at all periods of its growth, a tap-root. 1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxv. 337 In one portion of the osage hedge that surrounded the place, the lower branches had died, leaving a small opening. 1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xv. 102 An osage hedge and a board fence respectively bounded the side and back. 1930 E. Ferber Cimarron 92 She had planted the first young fruit trees, the vegetable and flower garden that now flourished in the encircling Osage hedge. 1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) v. 63 The southern osage wood inside the bow shone the color of sunlight just before sunset. Compounds Osage apple n. = Osage orange n. ΚΠ 1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 10 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark (1986) II. 208 No appearance of the buds of the Osage Apple, the Osage Plumb has put forth their leaves and flower buds. 1823 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 75 The bow wood, or osage apple,..was met with in thickets upon the Red river. 1964 R. L. Taylor Plants Colonial Days 63 Osage orange, a member of the mulberry family, Moraceae, is also called bowwood and bois d'Arc.., Osage apple tree, and hedgetree. 2002 Tulsa World (Nexis) 13 Oct. d4 Mrs. DeHaven's Flower Shop created centerpieces of Red River roses, Osage apples, Oklahoma wild prairie grasses, salvia, clover, wild fruits and berries. † Osage thorn n. Obsolete = Osage orange n. ΚΠ 1854 W. Walker Let. 19 Jan. in Proc. Nebraska State Hist. Soc. (1899) 2nd Ser. III. 66 There are to be found..an abundance of stone for building houses and fences, added for the latter purpose Osage thorn, Stone coal for fuel. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 247 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The principles of growing, plans of arrangement, and the most suitable methods of training or directing the growth of the Osage thorn, as a hedging plant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1698
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