orthologousadj.

Brit.

/ɔːˈθɒləɡəs/, U.S.

/ɔrˈθɑləɡəs/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ortho- comb. form, homologous adj.

Etymology: < ortho- comb. form + -logous (in homologous adj.). Compare slightly later orthology n.²

Molecular Biology.

Designating genes (in different genomes) that are derived from a common ancestral sequence (homologous) by phylogenetic descent; related in this way. Also (of a protein or other gene product): encoded by such a gene, or by the same gene in different individuals. Cf. paralogous adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > gene > types of gene

monofactorial1920

monogenic1921

polygenic1928

multigenic1933

additive1936

oligogenic1943

X-linked1949

Y-linked1949

multigene1954

structural gene1959

orthologous1970

paralogous1970

1970 W. M. Fitch in Systematic Zool. 19 113 Where the homology is the result of speciation so that the history of the gene reflects the history of the species (for example alpha hemoglobin in man and mouse) the genes should be called orthologous (ortho = exact).

1976 Nature 29 Jan. 340/2 There is, therefore, no direct evidence that the β-like chain of the minor haemoglobin of Tarsius is orthologous with either man-ape or New World monkey δ chain.

1986 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 261 16694/1 The divergence between two orthologous proteins can be used to calculate the unit evolutionary period (UEP).

2004 Genome Res. 14 29 The majority of the methods, when applied to most of the orthologous clusters..grouped the fly with humans to the exclusion of the nematode.

Derivatives

orˈthologously adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adverb] > types of gene

polygenically1942

monogenically1963

orthologously1970

paralogously1970

1970 W. M. Fitch & E. Margoliash in Evolutionary Biol. 4 90 Thus we can establish homology, but whether the two gene groups are orthologously or paralogously related is not determined by this procedure.

1979 Systematic Zool. 28 135/1 In nature the ancestral splittings of gene lineages..may coincide with species lineage splittings, in which case the gene lineages are said to be orthologously related.

1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 8991 (heading) Percent identities of orthologously related Fn3 units.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	orthologous
释义	orthologousadj. Brit. /ɔːˈθɒləɡəs/, U.S. /ɔrˈθɑləɡəs/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ortho- comb. form, homologous adj. Etymology: < ortho- comb. form + -logous (in homologous adj.). Compare slightly later orthology n.² Molecular Biology. Designating genes (in different genomes) that are derived from a common ancestral sequence (homologous) by phylogenetic descent; related in this way. Also (of a protein or other gene product): encoded by such a gene, or by the same gene in different individuals. Cf. paralogous adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > gene > types of gene monofactorial1920 monogenic1921 polygenic1928 multigenic1933 additive1936 oligogenic1943 X-linked1949 Y-linked1949 multigene1954 structural gene1959 orthologous1970 paralogous1970 1970 W. M. Fitch in Systematic Zool. 19 113 Where the homology is the result of speciation so that the history of the gene reflects the history of the species (for example alpha hemoglobin in man and mouse) the genes should be called orthologous (ortho = exact). 1976 Nature 29 Jan. 340/2 There is, therefore, no direct evidence that the β-like chain of the minor haemoglobin of Tarsius is orthologous with either man-ape or New World monkey δ chain. 1986 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 261 16694/1 The divergence between two orthologous proteins can be used to calculate the unit evolutionary period (UEP). 2004 Genome Res. 14 29 The majority of the methods, when applied to most of the orthologous clusters..grouped the fly with humans to the exclusion of the nematode. Derivatives orˈthologously adv. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adverb] > types of gene polygenically1942 monogenically1963 orthologously1970 paralogously1970 1970 W. M. Fitch & E. Margoliash in Evolutionary Biol. 4 90 Thus we can establish homology, but whether the two gene groups are orthologously or paralogously related is not determined by this procedure. 1979 Systematic Zool. 28 135/1 In nature the ancestral splittings of gene lineages..may coincide with species lineage splittings, in which case the gene lineages are said to be orthologously related. 1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 8991 (heading) Percent identities of orthologously related Fn3 units. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1970
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