| 释义 |
orthographyn. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ortografie, orthographie; Latin orthographia. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French ortografie, Middle French ortographie, Middle French, French †orthographie correct spelling (c1245 in Old French as ortografie ; now orthographe ), Middle French, French orthographie representation of a building (1547), orthographic projection (1838), or its etymon classical Latin orthographia correct spelling (Quintilian), elevation of a building (Vitruvius) < Hellenistic Greek ὀρθογραϕία correct spelling < ancient Greek ὀρθο- ortho- comb. form + -γραϕία -graphy comb. form. Compare Catalan ortografia (14th cent.), Spanish ortografía (beginning of the 15th cent.), Italian ortografia (a1449), Portuguese ortografia (1536 as orthografia).Compare the following isolated attestation of orthographiure in a 16th-cent. manuscript of a Middle English text:1558 (a1456) J. Shirley in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 197 As for fayllinge of ye scripture of ye meter or ortografyure, wouch saue it to correcte, elles of ye defaute am I suspecte. The α. forms are after the prevailing Middle French form. The pronunciation with medial /t/ is that given by most orthoepists between the mid 16th and mid 17th centuries: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §442. For earlier use of Greek ὀρθογραϕία and Latin orthographia in an English context compare the following:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 291 Ortographia on grecisc, þæt is on leden recta scriptvra and on englisc riht gewrit.a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 46v Ortographia, ryȝt wrytynge. 1. society > communication > writing > spelling > [noun] > correct, customary spelling a1460 (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 110 (MED) Thi writer eek, pray him to taken hede Of thi cadence and kepe Ortographie, That neither he take of ner multiplye. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) 1808 Wyth Gramer was foure ladyes well beseene, Of whyche the furst hyght Dame Ortography. 1509 S. Hawes (1928) 26 Bycause that connynge shoulde not pale ne fade Of euery scyence it is orygynall Which dothe vs teche..to speke dyrectly And for to wryte by true artografy. 1530 J. Palsgrave Introd. 16 For kepyng of trewe orthographie. 1589 G. Puttenham ii. v It is somewhat more tollerable to help the rime by false orthographie, then to leaue an vnpleasant dissonance to the eare, by keeping trewe orthographie and loosing the rime. 1598 W. Shakespeare v. i. 19 Such rackers of ortagriphie, as to speake dout fine, when he should say doubt. 1606 J. Marston iv. sig. G Another has vowde..to leue to posteritie the true orthography and pronunciation of laughing. 1645 J. Howell i. xxvi. 50 If this Letter fail, either in point of Orthography or Stile, you must impute..the second to the muddinesse of my Brain. 1738 (ed. 2) I. 319 The Difference is not so much in the Orthography of Words, as in the Tone and Accent. 1750 Ld. Chesterfield 19 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1620 I come now to..the orthography, if I may call bad spelling orthography. 1807 Ld. Byron ii The proper pronunciation (according to the Scotch) is shown by the orthography. 1871 J. Earle ii. 157 When we use the word ‘orthography’, we do not mean a mode of spelling which is true to the pronunciation, but one which is conventionally correct. 1943 C. L. Wrenn in 32 The orthography of the rhyme-words in a poem..may point the way to an original reading. 1995 16 507 Three studies of phonological awareness, orthography, and literacy in two different areas of India. 1530 J. Palsgrave 396 He leaneth to moche to the orthographye of the latyne tonge. 1572 J. Knox f. i We keip his awin wordis and ortographie. 1631 J. Weever 803 In our later English Ortography (I know not with reason) some write it Whore. 1645 J. Milton 3 If these Greek Orthographies were of his licencing; the boyes at School might reck'n with him at his Grammar. 1726 J. Swift II. iv. i. 16 Then the Bay tried me with a second Word, much harder to be pronounced; but reducing it to the English Orthography, may be spelt thus, Houyhnhnm. 1759 E. Capell (1760) Pref. 7 Sameness of rythmus, sameness of orthography, and a very near affinity of words and phrases. 1824 J. Johnson I. 540 The singular orthography used in the foregoing legend. 1846 (1848) 3 2 In Irish orthography, the permuted letter instead of being displaced by its substitute is merely preceded, or as the Irish grammarians express it, eclipsed by it. 1937 11 137 The orthography set out in the present pamphlet represents the latest result of a prolonged series of efforts made..by the Education Departments..to arrive at a uniform orthography of Tswana. 1991 Apr. 14/2 I can testify to the quality of her writing in two orthographies, English and Greek. society > communication > writing > spelling > [noun] 1588 W. Kempe sig. F3v Orthographie..teacheth with what letters euery syllable and word must be written, and with what points the sentence and parts thereof must be distinguished... Which expressing and skill of the hand, belongeth properly to the Arte of Painting, and not vnto Grammar. 1616 J. Bullokar Orthographie, the art of writing words truely; as sonne of man, with an o: sunne that shineth, with the vowell v. 1680 G. Dalgarno vii. 59 I shall therefore only make some few reflexions upon Etymology and Syntax, supposing Orthography to belong to Lexicography. 1712 J. Swift 23 All which reduced to Writing would entirely confound Orthography. 1755 S. Johnson Gram. Eng. Tongue in a Grammar, which is the art of using words properly, comprises four parts; Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody. 1795 L. Murray 1 Orthography teaches the nature and powers of letters, and the just method of spelling words. 1863 Pref. Orthography..comprehends the correct spelling and syllabication of words. 1948 R. M. Gay & M. E. Skillin 506 The student of orthography can find rules for the use of these endings [sc. -able or -ible], but the average proofreader will find it more practical to learn the spelling of each word. 1997 (Nexis) 66 323 It is all marked by a considerable erudition, with discussions from such differing spheres as phonology, performance, onomastics, orthography, translation, historiography, [etc.]. society > communication > writing > spelling > [noun] > one skilled in orthography 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 20 Now is he turnd ortography [1623 orthography], his words are a very fantasticall banquet, iust so many strange dishes [Rowe (1714) read orthographer; Capell (1767) conjectured orthographist] . View more context for this quotation society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > elevation 1645 N. Stone 6 Orthographie or Profile. 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart 122 Orthography, or the erect elevation of the same in face or front describ'd in measure upon the former Idea. 1683 No. 1820/4 Mr. John Spilberg has finished the Banqueting-house in Whitehal in Ortography, for the sole Printing and Publishing whereof,..His Majesty has been pleased to grant him his Royal License. 1772 C. Hutton 95 Orthography, the elevation..or front view as seen at an infinite distance. 1823 P. Nicholson 589 Orthography, an elevation, showing all the parts of a building in true proportion. 1842 J. Gwilt Gloss. 964 Disposition (Lat.), one of the essentials of architecture. It is the arrangement of the whole design by means of ichnography (plan), orthography (section and elevation), and scenography (perspective view). 1993 90 9796/2 Under orthography, all projection rays are then parallel to the cross product of if and jf. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1460 |
