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单词 ourself
释义

ourselfpron.

Brit. /aʊəˈsɛlf/, /ɑːˈsɛlf/, U.S. /aʊrˈsɛlf/, /ɑrˈsɛlf/
Forms:

α. Middle English howreselfe, Middle English howrselfe, Middle English oure seelf, Middle English oure self, Middle English oureselfe, Middle English oure silf, Middle English oure silfe, Middle English ouresilffe, Middle English ouriself, Middle English our selue, Middle English ourselue, Middle English oursilf, Middle English owre selff, Middle English owr self, Middle English owrselff, Middle English vrself, Middle English 1700s ourselve, Middle English–1500s oureself, Middle English–1500s ourselfe, Middle English–1600s our selfe, Middle English–1700s our self, Middle English– ourself, 1900s– ourse'f (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 oure self, pre-1700 oureself, pre-1700 oureselfe, pre-1700 our self, pre-1700 ourselfe, pre-1700 ourselff, pre-1700 1700s– ourself.

β. Middle English oure selfen, Middle English oure seluen, Middle English oureseluen, Middle English oure seluyn, Middle English oure selvene, Middle English ourseluen, Middle English ourseluin, Middle English vrseluen, late Middle English our seluyn (in a late copy), 1800s ourseln (English regional (northern)).

γ. regional and nonstandard 1800s oursel, 1800s oursel'; Scottish pre-1700 our sell, 1700s– oursel, 1800s oursel', 1800s oursell, 1800s– oorsel', 1900s– oorsell.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: us self pron.
Etymology: Alteration of us self pron. after myself pron., in which the possessive my had replaced earlier oblique case me (see forms s.v. myself pron.). Compare ourselves pron.Compare also Old English ūre selfra , genitive of wē selfe (see us self pron.), where the pronouns are in apposition:eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) v. 45 Gief we ðonne habbað sua micle sorge & sua micle gieman urra niehstena sua sua ure selfra.OE Judith 285 Her ys geswutelod ure sylfra forwyrd.OE Wulfstan Homily: To Eallum Folce (Corpus Cambr. 201) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 129 Uton helpan ure silfra þa hwile, þe we magon and motan, þi læs we forwurðan, þonne we læst wenan.OE Wulfstan Homily (Hatton 113) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 1 On eall þa earfeðu, þe we for his [sc. Adam's] synnum and ure sylfra siððan drugon. Compare also the irregular construction represented by Old English ūrra selfra, apparently functioning as the genitive of gē selfe, in which the genitive plural of the possessive adjective and self are in agreement with each other (compare B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§301, 485):eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Tiber.) (Junius transcript) (1871) xxxiii. 220 Ðæt us ætiewde Dryhten, þa he us lærde ðæt we sceoldon urra selfra waldan mid ðære geðylde.
Emphatic and reflexive pronoun, corresponding to we, us (esp. with singular reference). See ourselves pron.Originally frequently a plural, but now almost exclusively singular, referring either collectively to people in general or to an individual normally referred to by we and us (see we pron. 1b, 2a, us pron. 6); in both cases, now chiefly literary.
In N.E.D. (1903), Murray notes that ‘in modern South Scottish oursel is collective, oursels is individual; e.g. “we do everything oursel”, but “we'll settle it atween oursels”’; Sc. National Dict. (1965) adds that the note ‘applies to most parts of Scotland’.
I. Emphatic uses.
1. Used instead of the objective pronoun us as the object of a verb or preposition. Now archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2008 (MED) Mi ladi made me to-niȝt long wiþ hire to wake boute burde or barn bot our selue tweie.
1405 Rolls of Parl. II. 6052 We Henry Percy..has constitut..our..Attornes..to fulfill all maner accordez..as fer forth as hyt were don and accorded be our self in our owne propre person.
c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) 234 (MED) Of owrselff we haue ryght nought But syne, wrechydnes, and foly.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 320 (MED) That is nede, Oure self to saue.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxxi. 149 Now trouth of ryght dooth our selfe exorte.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 16 Our natiue sin in Adame to expell And all trespas committit be our sell.
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Devine Weekes & Wks. (1621) i. vi. 124 Ther's vnder Sun (as Delphos God did showe) No better Knowledge, then Our selfe to Knowe.
1694 in W. Fraser Red. Bk. Menteith (1880) I. 429 Tuo statues..one for ourselfe and the other for our deerest spowse.
a1721 J. Sheffield Julius Cæsar iv. i, in Wks. (1740) 274 What most concerns ourself, shall last be read.
1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook ii, in Poems (new ed.) 56 That e'er he nearer comes oursel 'S a muckle pity.
1832 J. Lawson Giordano ii. ii. 32 Soon for the safety of ourself and state The anthem shall arise.
1890 ‘M. Field’ Tragic Mary ii. v. 80 You, who have slain our traitors, must not chafe Forbidden slighter service to ourself.
1917 Catholic Hist. Rev. 2 76 Our brothers, the aforesaid cardinals, to whom as to Ourself, you are acceptable because of your shining merits.
2. In apposition to the first person plural pronoun: for our part; personally; as far as we are concerned; (also, with singular referent) in my own person; for my own part.
a. In apposition to the subjective pronoun we.When used for simple emphasis ourself is generally placed immediately after we; in other positions there is often an explicit or implicit contrast with the idea of any other person performing the action.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) 1 John i. 8 If we shulen seie, for we han not synne, we oure silf deceyuen us [a1425 L.V. we disseyuen vs silf].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 21878 If we cuth oght vr-seluen [a1400 Fairf. our-seluen; a1400 Gött. vs seluen] knau.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. 1331 As we may alday oureselven see, Thorugh more wode or col, the more fir.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1727 (MED) To Alexander..Oure subiet & oure seruand, þus we oure-selfe write.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. ii For we oure self ben cause of this meschyef.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Biijv We our selfe being glorylesse .i. without gloryous fame or renome.
1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) viii. lv. 217 We will our selfe take time to heare Your Cause at large.
1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride iv. i. 43 We will our self behold the Execution.
1739 H. Brooke Gustavus Vasa iv. iv. 54 We will out ourself, And hold our Pow'rs in Readiness.
a1788 W. J. Mickle Siege Marseilles (1794) i. 238 Our command bade Raymond..Nor leave Marseilles 'till we ourself reliev'd him.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. ix. 190 To-morrow we will ourself conduct this mute sovereign to her seat of dignity.
1885 J. Ingelow Poems 159 We ourself are, truth to tell, Kingly both of wont and kind.
1918 W. M. Kirkland Joys of being Woman xxi. 254 One of the proudest and pleasantest sensations of our ministry has been that of being a predecessor ourself.
1987 R. Wilson Kingdoms of Ordinary 20 We could burn it ourself, said the youngest.
b. In apposition to the objective pronoun us as object of a verb. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 8 Art. O Cæsar, reade mine first: for mine's a suite That touches Cæsar neerer... Cæs. What touches vs our selfe, shall be last seru'd.
3. Used instead of the subjective pronoun we. As simple subject or predicate, as part of a compound subject or predicate, or after than or as. Now archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xcix. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 232 And he vs made, and oure-selfe noghte vs.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. xi. 248 (MED) Alle kynne creatures þat to crist beleuiþ We..ȝiuen hem of oure good as good as oureseluen.
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 3 (MED) Al þat vs nediþ he wot bettir þan oureseluen.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3528 Oure-selfe & oure seruage is surely ȝoure awen.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. vi. sig. B.iiiv But if our selfe flytte from him.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 23 Our selfe and Bushie, Obserued his courtship to the common people..What reuerence he did throw away on slaues.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 73 Which our selfe haue granted. View more context for this quotation
1678 N. Tate Brutus of Alba i. 7 Our self will thither instantly repair.
1708 Ld. Shaftesbury Let. conc. Enthusiasm 58 So puzzled..that they knew not..whether there were really in the world any such Person as our self.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 516 Ourself will Swiftness to your Nerves impart, Ourself with rising Spirits swell your Heart.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian III. vi. 207 ‘It is ourself,’ answered the inquisitor.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxxvii. 273 Ourself will grace..The bridal of the Maid of Lorn.
1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) iii. 67 Ourself..learnt..This craft of healing. Were you sick, ourself Would tend upon you.
a1914 ‘M. Field’ Ras Byzance in Deirdre (1918) 147 Before it, O Beatitude, ourself Feels but as one who tarries to be judged.
II. Reflexive uses.
4. As direct or indirect object or as the object of a preposition.Originally only used for emphasis, but now in general use, replacing the reflexive us, which is now only regional (see us pron. 3).The reflexive force may be only contextually implied, and sometimes approximates to a collocation of the possessive our and self.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23791 Qui sell we vr-self vnto þat soru?
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 23718 (MED) Þen blindis us a litel wele, þat we can noȝt ourseluin [a1400 Trin. Cambr. oure seluen] fele.
c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.) 46 Þat beþ hire bi oure self [v.r. vs sulue] as at þe worldes ende.
c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1872) 812 We fille a-cordit by oure seluyn two.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 121 We, that mey harme owre selff with all thes defautes.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 78 Broder,..let vs make redy ourselfe for to yssue out.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 146 Yf we come afor and accuse oure selvene.
1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xliiij We rested vs and refressed [sic] vs..& so recomforted our self after the greate scarnesse that we hadde susteyned.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Matrimony, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 501 For this folly is ever..grown up with us,..to think highly by ourself, so that none thinketh it meet to give place to another.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) (1946) iv. xvi. f. 152 We..sall to liberte deliuer oure self at the first ionyng.
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica x. 241 We from our taske our selfe a while deuide.
1698 M. Pix Queen Catharine v. 52 Towards that rash Prince, my Lords, we doubt Not to approve our self a Friend and Brother.
1713 C. Johnson Successful Pyrate ii. i. 18 We hold our self indebted to each Man Who gives the Common-wealth a Legal Heir.
1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond iv. ii. 52 Yet do we hold ourself as full of Spirit.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 215 We, from the mere force of habit, found ourself running among the first.
1866 Ld. Tennyson Princess (new ed.) ii, in Poems 232 We purposed with ourself Never to wed.
1884 B. Bosanquet et al. tr. H. Lotze Metaphysic 179 That a complete vacuum could not be represented to the mind, without at least reserving a place in it for ourself.
1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xix. 284 A divine infusion, a transformation of part of ourself into Christ.
1982 W. L. Heat Moon Blue Highways iii. v. 101 Law don't care what we do to ourself. Black on black's outside their law.
1999 J. M. Coetzee Disgrace (2000) vi. 48 I think we had better restrict ourself to the legal sense.
2002 ‘B. Hooks’ Communion vii. 104 The one person who will never leave us, whom we will never lose, is ourself.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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