oppugnv.

Brit.

/əˈpjuːn/, U.S.

/əˈpjun/

Forms: late Middle English opugne, late Middle English– oppugn, 1500s opponge, 1500s–1700s oppugne, 1500s–1600s oppung, 1600s opugn; also Scottish pre-1700 oppugne, pre-1700 oppung, pre-1700 oppungn.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French oppugner; Latin oppugnāre.

Etymology: < Middle French, French †oppugner to attack, assault (c1372–4), to attack the truth of, to resist (Cotgrave 1611), and its etymon classical Latin oppugnāre to oppose in speech or action, to attack, to fight against, assail, assault, besiege, (of a thing) to be opposed to, run contrary to, in post-classical Latin also to prevail upon (1578 in the passage translated in quot. 1596 at sense 1a) < ob- ob- prefix + pugnāre to fight (see pugne v.). Compare Italian oppugnare (14th cent. in sense ‘to attack, assault’; now literary).On the pronunciation history see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§ 324, 441.

rare in later use.

a. transitive. To attack or oppose with words, action, influence, etc.; esp. to call into question, controvert, or dispute the truth or validity of (a statement, belief, argument, etc.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures

fangc1320

hurtlec1374

impugnc1384

weighc1386

to fall upon ——a1398

to start on ——a1398

oppugn?1435

to lay to, untoa1500

onseta1522

wipe1523

to set against ——1542

to fall aboard——1593

aggress1596

to fall foul1602

attack1613

appugn1615

to set upon ——1639

to fall on ——1641

to lay home, hard, hardly to1650

tack1720

bombard1766

savage1796

to pitch into ——1823

to begin upon a personc1825

bulldog1842

to down on (also upon)a1848

to set at ——1849

to start on ——a1851

to start in on1859

set on at or to1862

to let into1872

to go for ——1890

swash1890

slog1891

to get at ——1893

tee1955

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc.

assoilc1370

disprovec1380

soilc1380

conclude1388

unprovea1425

denyc1425

oppugn?1435

deprevea1450

refelc1450

disapprove1481

impreve1488

confute1529

deprove1530

convince?1531

refute1533

save1591

convict1593

elide1593

redargue1613

to wrestle off1639

?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 22 (MED) I swere..that I shall neuer contrarye, ne repugne to this resignacion, renounsyng, dymyssion, and yeldyng vp; ne neuer opugne hem in no maner wyse, in dede ne in worde.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. ix. 107 b/1 That wolde..so enemyously blaspheme and oppugne y^e chyrch of Cryst.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 John v. f. liii^v He doeth wittynglye throughe malyce opponge them, whome God woulde well vnto.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 414 Ȝe wald in ane and the same crime oppung the Maiestie of God, and my authoritie.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xx. 1049 The simple medicine alone, hath not strength enough to oppugne the disease.

a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1704) i. §5 10 He that oppugns the publick Liberty, overthrows his own.

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 229 Then, and afterwards, he openly oppugned Popery.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1882) iii. 26 In promiscuous company no prudent man will oppugn the merits of a contemporary in his own supposed department.

1882 Knowledge No. 16. 334 Inviting the officials whose judgment was oppugned to say whether they were mistaken.

1896 Amer. Hist. Rev. 1 498 McKean moved to reconsider the Resolution of Yesterday about small Debtors, Apprentices and Infants enlisting, he was oppugned and withdrew his Motion.

1986 Guardian (Nexis) 25 Aug. Computers compete.., options are opted for or oppugned.

2002 Africa News (Nexis) 21 Oct. We should not oppugn the intellectuals only because of their enlightened status.

†b. transitive. Of a thing: to be opposed to, conflict with, run counter to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > specifically of things

warc1230

repugnc1450

oppugn1584

militate1642

to give against ——1646

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xvi. viii. 484 Certeine parts thereof..doo not directlie oppugne my purpose.

1615 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 169 A contract so..unjust, as nothing doth more oppugn the Law of Nature.

c1670 T. Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws 62 When Law and Conscience, or Law and Equity seem to oppugne one another, the written Law should be preferr'd.

†c. intransitive. To contend or stand in opposition; spec. to speak as defender or opponent in a debate (cf. oppose v. 1b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)]

to stop one's way1338

contraryc1380

again-laya1382

traversec1400

to make obstaclec1425

warc1460

thwart1519

oppugn1591

oppose1599

oppone1640

throwa1700

antagonize1707

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > strive against

to stand with ——OE

warc1230

contrast1489

gainstrive1549

oppugn1591

warsle1606

combat1627

stickle1627

reluctate1668

antagonize1742

to fight up against1768

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)] > oppose a thesis

opposea1393

course1660

oppugn1714

1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn ii. sig. B3 Vnworthie man..That dost oppugne against thy Mother Church.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) Epigrammi Satiron 53 Every one..can doe nothing if the prohibition Of the Almighty doe oppugne.

a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) vi. 87 The matter was the decree of reprobation, and he to oppugn.

1714 J. Macky Journey through Eng. I. viii. 97 A Youth..before he can be a Batchellor of Arts..must publickly Oppugne for several Days.

†2.

a. transitive. To fight against, attack, assail, assault, or besiege. Obsolete (rare in later use).In quot. 1615 used figuratively

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]

greetc893

overfallOE

riseOE

assail?c1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

onseekc1275

to set on ——c1290

infighta1300

saila1300

to go upon ——c1300

to turn one's handc1325

lashc1330

annoyc1380

impugnc1384

offendc1385

to fall on ——a1387

sault1387

affrayc1390

to set upon ——1390

to fall upon ——a1398

to lay at?a1400

semblea1400

assayc1400

havec1400

aset1413

oppressa1425

attachc1425

to set at ——c1430

fraya1440

fray1465

oppugn?a1475

sayc1475

envaye1477

pursue1488

envahisshe1489

assaulta1500

to lay to, untoa1500

requirea1500

enterprise?1510

invade1513

assemblec1515

expugn1530

to fare on1535

to fall into ——1550

mount1568

attack?1576

affront1579

invest1598

canvass1599

to take arms1604

attempt1605

to make force at, to, upon1607

salute1609

offence1614

strikea1616

to give a lift at1622

to get at ——1650

insult1697

to walk into ——1794

to go in at1812

to go for ——1838

to light on ——1842

strafe1915

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]

belieOE

besita1100

beset?c1225

assiege1297

besiege1297

belayc1320

umsiegea1325

ensiegec1380

environa1382

to set before1382

siege1390

forset?a1400

foldc1400

setc1400

to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449

oppugn?a1475

pursue1488

obsess1503

ferma1522

gird1548

begird1589

beleaguer1590

block1591

invest1591

intermure1606

blockade1684

to lay blockade to1713

leaguer1720

to form the siege1776

cerne1857

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 269 (MED) Furius Camillus oppugnede the walles in an oþer parte of the cite.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 316/1 This towne of Achon..as it was mightely oppugned by the Christians, so it was strongly defended by the Saracens.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xxx. 171 He was induced..to oppugne the Emperour Henry by armes.

1615 J. Greene Refut. Apol. Actors 21 All the Bulwarks and Fortresses therein raysed to oppugne the trueth.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. iii. 3 The Parliament..may not onely lawfully resist, but oppugne, suppresse all Forces raised against it.

1860 E. B. Browning Italy & World xii That nation still is predominant Whose pulse beats quickest in zeal to oppugn or Succour another, in wrong or want.

b. transitive. To withstand or resist (an attack). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > resist

outholda1460

answer1468

receive1477

resist1533

out-ward1596

oppugn1636

1636 T. Heywood Rape Lucrece iii. iv, in Wks. (1874) V. 205 The walles made to oppugne Hostile incursions.

†3. transitive. To prevail upon, win over. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon

wina1340

persuadec1450

to prevail withc1450

prevail1466

train1549

overswaya1586

oppugn1596

overrulea1616

reach1637

to prevail upon1656

to gain upon1790

convince1958

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 213 The King of Peychtes..sum of the Peychtes he oppugnes for money, quha figurand thame selfes Britonis, walde..throuch deceit put doun Constantine King of Britannie.

†4. transitive. To oppose (a statement, argument, etc.) to another; to maintain in opposition that. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)]

withsake971

withsayc1175

forbidc1275

withtellec1275

counterplead1377

again-saya1382

withsaya1382

contrary1382

countersay1393

withstand1513

transverse1532

cross1589

contradict1596

controvert1596

respire1629

scruple1639

contravene1722

oppugn1781

countervene1825

to stand down1869

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] > maintain in opposition

outstand1658

oppugn1849

1781 C. Johnstone Hist. John Juniper I. 126 To this opinion it is oppugned with equal verisimilitude, that [etc.].

1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 296/1 Lord Kaimes thinks it sufficient to oppugn that musical proportions and those of architecture are addressed to different senses.

Derivatives

oˈppugnable adj. rare capable of being oppugned.

ΚΠ

1646 J. Goodwin Anapologesiates Antapologias i. iv. 187 To straine the opinion of their adversary,..by representing it either with some such addition to it, or detraction from it, which renders it the more oppugnable.

1839 Knickerbocker Apr. 284 Similar works were contemplated on the North River, and the oppugnable portions of the town were reformed and strengthened.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	oppugn
释义	oppugnv. Brit. /əˈpjuːn/, U.S. /əˈpjun/ Forms: late Middle English opugne, late Middle English– oppugn, 1500s opponge, 1500s–1700s oppugne, 1500s–1600s oppung, 1600s opugn; also Scottish pre-1700 oppugne, pre-1700 oppung, pre-1700 oppungn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French oppugner; Latin oppugnāre. Etymology: < Middle French, French †oppugner to attack, assault (c1372–4), to attack the truth of, to resist (Cotgrave 1611), and its etymon classical Latin oppugnāre to oppose in speech or action, to attack, to fight against, assail, assault, besiege, (of a thing) to be opposed to, run contrary to, in post-classical Latin also to prevail upon (1578 in the passage translated in quot. 1596 at sense 1a) < ob- ob- prefix + pugnāre to fight (see pugne v.). Compare Italian oppugnare (14th cent. in sense ‘to attack, assault’; now literary).On the pronunciation history see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§ 324, 441. rare in later use. 1. a. transitive. To attack or oppose with words, action, influence, etc.; esp. to call into question, controvert, or dispute the truth or validity of (a statement, belief, argument, etc.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures fangc1320 hurtlec1374 impugnc1384 weighc1386 to fall upon ——a1398 to start on ——a1398 oppugn?1435 to lay to, untoa1500 onseta1522 wipe1523 to set against ——1542 to fall aboard——1593 aggress1596 to fall foul1602 attack1613 appugn1615 to set upon ——1639 to fall on ——1641 to lay home, hard, hardly to1650 tack1720 bombard1766 savage1796 to pitch into ——1823 to begin upon a personc1825 bulldog1842 to down on (also upon)a1848 to set at ——1849 to start on ——a1851 to start in on1859 set on at or to1862 to let into1872 to go for ——1890 swash1890 slog1891 to get at ——1893 tee1955 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc. assoilc1370 disprovec1380 soilc1380 conclude1388 unprovea1425 denyc1425 oppugn?1435 deprevea1450 refelc1450 disapprove1481 impreve1488 confute1529 deprove1530 convince?1531 refute1533 save1591 convict1593 elide1593 redargue1613 to wrestle off1639 ?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 22 (MED) I swere..that I shall neuer contrarye, ne repugne to this resignacion, renounsyng, dymyssion, and yeldyng vp; ne neuer opugne hem in no maner wyse, in dede ne in worde. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. ix. 107 b/1 That wolde..so enemyously blaspheme and oppugne y^e chyrch of Cryst. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 John v. f. liii^v He doeth wittynglye throughe malyce opponge them, whome God woulde well vnto. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 414 Ȝe wald in ane and the same crime oppung the Maiestie of God, and my authoritie. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xx. 1049 The simple medicine alone, hath not strength enough to oppugne the disease. a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1704) i. §5 10 He that oppugns the publick Liberty, overthrows his own. 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 229 Then, and afterwards, he openly oppugned Popery. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1882) iii. 26 In promiscuous company no prudent man will oppugn the merits of a contemporary in his own supposed department. 1882 Knowledge No. 16. 334 Inviting the officials whose judgment was oppugned to say whether they were mistaken. 1896 Amer. Hist. Rev. 1 498 McKean moved to reconsider the Resolution of Yesterday about small Debtors, Apprentices and Infants enlisting, he was oppugned and withdrew his Motion. 1986 Guardian (Nexis) 25 Aug. Computers compete.., options are opted for or oppugned. 2002 Africa News (Nexis) 21 Oct. We should not oppugn the intellectuals only because of their enlightened status. †b. transitive. Of a thing: to be opposed to, conflict with, run counter to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > specifically of things warc1230 repugnc1450 oppugn1584 militate1642 to give against ——1646 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xvi. viii. 484 Certeine parts thereof..doo not directlie oppugne my purpose. 1615 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 169 A contract so..unjust, as nothing doth more oppugn the Law of Nature. c1670 T. Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws 62 When Law and Conscience, or Law and Equity seem to oppugne one another, the written Law should be preferr'd. †c. intransitive. To contend or stand in opposition; spec. to speak as defender or opponent in a debate (cf. oppose v. 1b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] to stop one's way1338 contraryc1380 again-laya1382 traversec1400 to make obstaclec1425 warc1460 thwart1519 oppugn1591 oppose1599 oppone1640 throwa1700 antagonize1707 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > strive against to stand with ——OE warc1230 contrast1489 gainstrive1549 oppugn1591 warsle1606 combat1627 stickle1627 reluctate1668 antagonize1742 to fight up against1768 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)] > oppose a thesis opposea1393 course1660 oppugn1714 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn ii. sig. B3 Vnworthie man..That dost oppugne against thy Mother Church. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) Epigrammi Satiron 53 Every one..can doe nothing if the prohibition Of the Almighty doe oppugne. a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) vi. 87 The matter was the decree of reprobation, and he to oppugn. 1714 J. Macky Journey through Eng. I. viii. 97 A Youth..before he can be a Batchellor of Arts..must publickly Oppugne for several Days. †2. a. transitive. To fight against, attack, assail, assault, or besiege. Obsolete (rare in later use).In quot. 1615 used figuratively ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] greetc893 overfallOE riseOE assail?c1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 onseekc1275 to set on ——c1290 infighta1300 saila1300 to go upon ——c1300 to turn one's handc1325 lashc1330 annoyc1380 impugnc1384 offendc1385 to fall on ——a1387 sault1387 affrayc1390 to set upon ——1390 to fall upon ——a1398 to lay at?a1400 semblea1400 assayc1400 havec1400 aset1413 oppressa1425 attachc1425 to set at ——c1430 fraya1440 fray1465 oppugn?a1475 sayc1475 envaye1477 pursue1488 envahisshe1489 assaulta1500 to lay to, untoa1500 requirea1500 enterprise?1510 invade1513 assemblec1515 expugn1530 to fare on1535 to fall into ——1550 mount1568 attack?1576 affront1579 invest1598 canvass1599 to take arms1604 attempt1605 to make force at, to, upon1607 salute1609 offence1614 strikea1616 to give a lift at1622 to get at ——1650 insult1697 to walk into ——1794 to go in at1812 to go for ——1838 to light on ——1842 strafe1915 society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] belieOE besita1100 beset?c1225 assiege1297 besiege1297 belayc1320 umsiegea1325 ensiegec1380 environa1382 to set before1382 siege1390 forset?a1400 foldc1400 setc1400 to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449 oppugn?a1475 pursue1488 obsess1503 ferma1522 gird1548 begird1589 beleaguer1590 block1591 invest1591 intermure1606 blockade1684 to lay blockade to1713 leaguer1720 to form the siege1776 cerne1857 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 269 (MED) Furius Camillus oppugnede the walles in an oþer parte of the cite. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 316/1 This towne of Achon..as it was mightely oppugned by the Christians, so it was strongly defended by the Saracens. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xxx. 171 He was induced..to oppugne the Emperour Henry by armes. 1615 J. Greene Refut. Apol. Actors 21 All the Bulwarks and Fortresses therein raysed to oppugne the trueth. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. iii. 3 The Parliament..may not onely lawfully resist, but oppugne, suppresse all Forces raised against it. 1860 E. B. Browning Italy & World xii That nation still is predominant Whose pulse beats quickest in zeal to oppugn or Succour another, in wrong or want. b. transitive. To withstand or resist (an attack). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > resist outholda1460 answer1468 receive1477 resist1533 out-ward1596 oppugn1636 1636 T. Heywood Rape Lucrece iii. iv, in Wks. (1874) V. 205 The walles made to oppugne Hostile incursions. †3. transitive. To prevail upon, win over. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon wina1340 persuadec1450 to prevail withc1450 prevail1466 train1549 overswaya1586 oppugn1596 overrulea1616 reach1637 to prevail upon1656 to gain upon1790 convince1958 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 213 The King of Peychtes..sum of the Peychtes he oppugnes for money, quha figurand thame selfes Britonis, walde..throuch deceit put doun Constantine King of Britannie. †4. transitive. To oppose (a statement, argument, etc.) to another; to maintain in opposition that. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] withsake971 withsayc1175 forbidc1275 withtellec1275 counterplead1377 again-saya1382 withsaya1382 contrary1382 countersay1393 withstand1513 transverse1532 cross1589 contradict1596 controvert1596 respire1629 scruple1639 contravene1722 oppugn1781 countervene1825 to stand down1869 the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] > maintain in opposition outstand1658 oppugn1849 1781 C. Johnstone Hist. John Juniper I. 126 To this opinion it is oppugned with equal verisimilitude, that [etc.]. 1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 296/1 Lord Kaimes thinks it sufficient to oppugn that musical proportions and those of architecture are addressed to different senses. Derivatives oˈppugnable adj. rare capable of being oppugned. ΚΠ 1646 J. Goodwin Anapologesiates Antapologias i. iv. 187 To straine the opinion of their adversary,..by representing it either with some such addition to it, or detraction from it, which renders it the more oppugnable. 1839 Knickerbocker Apr. 284 Similar works were contemplated on the North River, and the oppugnable portions of the town were reformed and strengthened. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.?1435
随便看	spendabler spendablest spendaholic spendall spendalls spender spender pit spenders spendful spendgood spendible spendier spendiest spending spending income spending spree spending tax spending-brass spending-cheese spending-money spending-power spending-silver spendingbrass spendingcheese spendingmoney